Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected. Section A (2d+Grammar) 导学案- 2025-2026学年人教版（2012）英语九年级全一册

该初中英语导学案聚焦过去完成时，涵盖其涵义、构成、句式类型、判断依据及与一般过去时的区别。通过2d对话角色扮演导入，结合“过去的过去”情境实例，搭建从基础概念到语境应用的学习支架，衔接学生已学的一般过去时等知识。 以提升语言能力和思维品质为核心，设计情境对话演练、分层练习（4a-4c及当堂检测）助力时态规则归纳与应用，迁移创新环节（真实与虚假陈述猜谜）激发学习兴趣，培养分析推断能力，整体设计促进学生自主学习，符合初中英语学科特色。

Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected. Section A (2d-Grammar) 导学案 学习目标： 1.学习理解：理清过去完成时的涵义、句式类型及基本用法，理解具体在哪些场景中需要应用过去完成时；能够认识其与一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别。 2.应用实践：归纳总结过去完成时的规则及用法，并应用其完成对应练习；能够在情境中综合应用多种时态，提升自己的表达能力，使得故事的描述更加生动。 3.迁移创新: 写两句关于你昨天一天的真实陈述和一个虚假陈述，然后让你的同学猜出哪句是假的。 学习过程： 1、 过去完成时 1. 过去完成时的构成 过去完成时由“助动词had (用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词”构成 2. 过去完成时的概念 过去完成时表示某动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 3. 过去完成时的句式类型 1）肯定句：主语＋had ＋过去分词＋… 2）否定句：主语＋ hadn’t ＋过去分词＋… 3）一般疑问句：Had ＋主语＋过去分词…？　 (Yes, 主语＋had. / No, 主语＋hadn’t.) 4）特殊疑问句：疑问词＋had ＋主语＋过去分词＋…？ 4. 过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 (1) by + 过去的时间点。 I ________ _________ reading the novel _____ nine o'clock last night. 昨天晚上九点前我已经读完这本小说了。 (2) by the end of + 过去的时间点。 到...为止 (3) before + 过去的时间点。 在...之前 2. 由“过去的过去”判定 (1) 宾语从句中: 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 如： 她说她以前看过这电影。 She said that she _________ ___________ the film before. (2) 状语从句中: 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 如： 当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。 When I got to the station, the train _______ already__________. 注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧接着发生，则主、从句都用一般过去时。 如： 他关上门，离开了教室。 After he closed the door, he _________ the classroom. 5.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 1. 时间状语不同 过去完成时：强调“过去的过去”； 一般过去时：强调过去某一特定的时间。 ①They __________ _______ at the station by ten yesterday. 他们昨天十点前就到车站了。 ②They___________ at the station at ten yesterday. 他们昨天十点到了车站。 2. 在过去的时间中，哪个先发生，哪个后发生。 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断： 先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 She was very happy. Her whole family ________ ____________ with her, too. She ________ just ____________ the first in the composition competition. 2、 Learn 2d : 1.Listen and role-play the conversation. Matt: Why were you late for class today, Kevin? Kevin: My alarm clock didn’t _______! I kept sleeping, and when I ____________ it was already 8:00 a.m.! Matt: Oh, no! Kevin: So I just quickly ______ some clothes and ____________the door. Matt: You didn’t _____________? Kevin: No, I didn’t even __________________or________________! But before I __________ the bus stop, the bus ________________. Matt: Then how did you get here? Kevin: Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and _____________ in his car. Matt: Well, at least ____________ you got to school, you were only five minutes late for class. 3、 完成4a,4b,4c. 4、 当堂检测 1.Try to recite Grammar Focus. 1)当我到达学校的时候，我才意识到我把书包忘在家里了。 ________I got to school, I realized that I ________ _______ my backpack at home. 2)到我返回学校的时候，铃声已经响过了。 ______ _______ _______ I got back to school, the bell _________ _______. 3)我到达公共汽车站之前， 汽车已经离开了。 Before I _______ ________ the bus stop, the bus _______ ________ ________. 4)我决定先买一杯咖啡，然后再去办公室。 I ________ ________ _______ go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first. 5) 就在我和别的工作人员一起排队等候的时候，听到了一个巨大的声响。 As I _____ ______ _______ _______ with the other office workers,I _______ _______ _______ ________. 2.单线选择 （ ）1.By the end of 1976, many buildings _____built in the city. A. have been B. have C. had been D. will （ ）2.We _________the work by six yesterday evening. A. finished B. would finish C. had finished D. had been finished （ ）3.That dinner was the most expensive meal we___. A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had （ ） 4.Han Mei told me she _____lunch, so she was very hungry. A. has had B. hasn't have C. have had  D. hadn't had 3..用括号中动词的正确时态填空。 1. Ms. Tang said she __________ (see) the movie already. 2. When Betty got to the cinema, the movie __________ (be) on for twenty minutes. 3. After Jim ____________ (finish)all his homework, he went to bed. 4. We ________________ (learn)20 English songs by the end of last month. 5. She ________ (arrive)before 7 o’clock last night. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $