Unit2知识总结

该初中英语知识清单围绕“社区”主题，系统梳理7B Unit 2核心语言知识。从导入环节的俗语及词汇辨析（如close的多词性），到Welcome部分的职业词汇、介词辨析（over/above等），再到Reading的短语（ask for help）、句型（There is something wrong with...）及语法（不定代词用法），逐步构建从基础到应用的学习支架。 知识链路以“社区生活”为情境主线，语言能力培养贯穿始终，通过职业后缀归类（er/or/ist）、同义句型转换（提建议句型）强化语言理解与表达。思维品质方面，借助对比表格（job/work辨析）、归纳总结（help词组）提升分析能力，学习能力上提供拓展短语（check over/out）和复习提示，结构清晰且实用，助力高效教学。

7B Unit 2 Neighbourhood Part 1 Lead in 1. 远亲不如近邻.Close neighbours are better than distant relatives. close v. 关闭 close the door adj. 亲近的 close friends adv. 近地（具体的近） sit close 紧挨着坐着 live close 住得近 closely adv. 近地（抽象的近） work closely with sb. 和某人密切合作 2. 阅读关于帮助邻居的内容：read about helping neighbours 3. 如何关爱我们的社区：how to care for our community 4. 什么造就了一个友好的社区：what makes a friendly community 5. 使我们的社区更好：make our community better Part 2 Welcome 1. 警察局：police station 公共汽车站：bus station 火车站：train/ railway station 地铁站：underground station cook v. 做饭 n. 厨师 cooker n. 厨具 er结尾表示的职业：worker/ farmer/ dancer/ writer/ driver/ lawyer/ cleaner/ engineer or结尾表示的职业：actor/ director/ inventor/ sailor 航海家/ translator 翻译家/ professor 教授 ist结尾表示的职业：biologist/ scientist/ dentist/ violinist/ geologist 2. 辨析 job 和 work job n. 指具体的职业或工作 复数形式是 jobs eg: get a job 找到一份工作 leave/ quit one’s job 辞去工作 be out of a job 失业 work uc. 指人们在日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动，即各类工作。 3. 你的社区怎么样？What’s your neighbourhood like? 4. 有一些可爱的邻居：have some lovely neighbours 5. 准备好帮助别人：be ready to help others 乐意做某事，准备好做某事：be ready to do sth. =be glad to do sth. =be willing to do sth. 6. 住在我们上面：live above us 辨析介词 over/ above/ under/ below/ on over 在……上方 表示垂直上方，强调悬空不接触 above 在……上方 非垂直 （楼层/气温/海拔） under 在……下方 表示垂直下方 below 在……下方 非垂直（楼层/气温/海拔） on 在……表面 表示有接触 7. 一名律师：a lawyer law n. 法律 obey/ follow the law 遵守法律 be against the law 违反法律 8. 帮助我们了解法律：help us learn about laws 学习做某事：learn to do sth. 向某人学习：learn from sb. 自学:learn... by oneself = teach oneself 9. 在社区中心：at the community centre 时不时地，有时：from time to time = at times = sometimes 同时:at the same time 一次：at a time 一直：all the time 按时：on time 及时：in time Part 3 Reading 1. 善良且乐于助人的：kind and helpful helpful adj. 愿意帮忙的；有用的 helpless adj. 无用的；无助的 help v. 帮助 n. 帮助 give me some help 给我一些帮助 helper n. 帮手 对……有帮助：be helpful to... help 的词组： help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事 = help sb. with sth. with/ without the help of... 在……的帮助下/ 没有……的帮助 help oneself to... 自便 help out 帮助某人摆脱困境 2. 帮助我们解决各种各样的问题：help us with all kinds of problems 各种各样的：all kinds of 一种……：a kind of... 不同种类的：different kinds of 3. 在社区中心见面并分享他们的技能：meet at the community centre and share their skills 4. 开一个“伸出援手”会议：have a "helping hands" meeting 5. 寻求帮助：ask for help 向某人寻求帮助：ask sb. for help = turn to sb. for help 6. 某物坏了/失灵了:There is something wrong with sth. = Something is wrong with... 同义表达：sth. is/ are not working well. sth. doesn’t/ don’t work. sth. is/ are broken. 某物没坏:There is nothing wrong with sth. = Nothing is wrong with... There isn’t anything wrong with... 不定代词 something/ anything/ nothing 放在形容词之前 重要的事情：something important 有趣的事情：something interesting 7. 请一位电脑工程师检查它：ask a computer engineer to check it 请求某人（不）做某事：ask sb. (not) to do sth. check over 仔细检查 check in 登记，报到 check out 结账离开 check n. 检查 health check 体检 n. 支票 一位工程师：an engineer 8. 某物坏了的:sth. be/ get broken = there is something wrong with sth. broken: adj. 坏了的 v. break break down 抛锚，出故障 break out 爆发 9. 让某人修理它：have someone repair it 让某人做某事：have sb. do sth. = make / let sb. do sth. 让某物被做:have sth. done I have my bike repaired. eg: 让牙医拔牙: have dentist pull the tooth/ have the tooth pulled 10. 帮助孩子们辅导作业：help kids with their homework 11. 一些大学生:some college students college n. 大学 = university 上大学：go to college 在大学/学院读书：be at college 12. 乐意做某事:be willing to do sth. = be happy to do sth. = be glad to do sth. 不乐意做某事：be unwilling to do sth. 13. 获得一些帮助：get some help 14. 也：as well 句末 either 否定，也，句末 also 也，句中 too 也，句末 15. 志愿者们经常拜访老人们并且为他们买东西。The volunteers often visit the old people and do some shopping for them. volunteer n. 志愿者/ v. 志愿 volunteer to do sth. voluntary adj. 志愿的 voluntary activities 志愿者活动 购物:do some shopping 打扫卫生：do some cleaning 看书:do some reading 洗衣服：do some washing 做饭:do some cooking 注：do some/the + v - ing 常用来泛指做某类事情，v - ing 作 do 的宾语具有名词性质。在否定句或疑问句中不能将 some 改为 any。 16. 帮助老人打扫他们的公寓：help the old people tidy their flats tidy v. 整理 adj. 整洁的 反义词：untidy adj. 不整洁的 17. 很幸运做某事：be lucky to do sth. lucky adj. 幸运的 lucky money 压岁钱 a lucky dog 一个幸运儿 luck n. 运气 luckily adv. 幸运地 unlucky adj. 不幸的 unluckily adv. 不幸地 18. 居住在如此好的一个社区：live in such a nice neighbourhood = so nice a neighbourhood such 如此 后跟名词或名词短语 so 如此 后跟形容词或副词 19. 在一周内：during the week 20. 让某人修理他的自行车：ask someone to fix his bicycle 21. 为什么不成为我们社区中心的一名志愿者呢？ Why not be a volunteer at our community centre? Why not...? 为什么不……？ [复习提建议的 6 个句型] 22. 一场茶会或一起外出一天对邻居们来说更多地了解彼此是好的。A tea party and a day out together will be great for neighbours to know more about each other. 一场茶会：a tea party 外出一天：a day out 对……有好处：be great for... 23. 加入我们并且我们可以一起计划这些活动！ Join us and we can plan these activities together! join: a. 后接表示团体或组织的名词 b. 加入某人：join sb. 24. 反馈:give back to 25. 清理：clean up 26. ……的一员：be a part of... Part 4 Grammar 1. 午餐之后去儿童中心：go to the Children’s Centre after lunch 2. 捡垃圾:pick up the rubbish pick up 捡起；开车接人；收拾整理；（偶然）听到，学到，学会 3. 匆忙：in a hurry hurry n. 匆忙 in a hurry to do sth. 急忙去做某事 in no hurry to do sth. 不着急做某事 v. 匆忙 hurry up 快点 hurry to do sth. 匆忙去做某事 = do sth. in a hurry = be hurried to do sth. 4. 一名来自英国的交换生：an exchange student from the UK Part 5 Pronunciation 1. 帮助任何需要帮助的人：help anyone in need 2. 为老人做汤：make soup for the old the + 形容词 表示一类人 the young/rich/poor/white/black Part 6 Integration 1. 看他的社区中心的布告板：look at the noticeboard of his community centre notice n. 注意 [uc.] take (no) notice of... （不）注意；（没）察觉…… n. 通知 [c.] v. 注意到  notice sb. doing sth.  注意某人正在做某事       notice sb. do sth.  注意某人经常做某事 2. 在三月五号的下午：on the afternoon of 5 March  [复习时间介词 in/on/at 的用法] 3. 看下面的信息：look at the information below   information  [uc.]  a piece of information  一则信息  some information 一些信息 4. 得了发烧或喉咙痛：have a fever or a sore throat 5. 有睡眠问题：have trouble sleeping 6. 你的洗衣机有问题：have a problem with your washing machine   做某事有困难:have a problem with sth. / have problems/ difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth. 7. 处理：deal with  = do with   如何处理:how to deal with  = what to do with 8. 聚会穿什么：what to wear to a party 9. 担心某事:worry about sth.  = be worried about sth. 10. 如何设计你的家：how to design your home 11. 了解很多关于风格和颜色：know a lot about styles and colours 12. 能做某事：be able to do sth. 13. 自愿去帮忙：volunteer to help  自愿做某事：volunteer to do sth. 14. 拍摄活动照片：take photos of the event 15. 把它们发布在读书俱乐部的网站上：post them on the book club’s website   post  v. 发布  post sth. on...  在……上发表某物    v. post  邮寄  post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb.    n. 发在网上的博文    n. 邮件  post code 邮编 16. 组织一场活动：organize an activity organize v. 组织  organization  n. 组织 organized  adj. 有条理的  organizer  n. 组织者 17. 让我们从社区收集旧东西并给它们一次新生命。Let’s coolect old things from the community and give them a new life. 18. 赠送我们的一些旧书：give away some of our old books   give up 放弃  give away 分发；赠送  give off 发出；散发  give back 归还 19. 把它们卖掉为社区花园里的植物和花卉筹集资金：sell them to raise money for plants and flowers in the community garden   为……筹钱：raise money for...   为……捐款：donate money to...   raise 的用法：v. 筹集       v. 举起  raise your hand 举起你的手       v. 养育，抚养  raise a child 养一个小孩       v. 提高  raise your voice  提高你的嗓音 Part 7  Assessment & Further study 1. 独特的华人社区：unique Chinese neighbourhoods 2. 被称为：be called 3. 一些中式建筑和美味的中餐馆：some Chinese - style buildings and great Chinese restaurants 4. 做一些关于世界各地唐人街的调查。Do some research about Chinatowns around the world. 5. 选择(不)做某事:choose (not) to do sth.  = make a choice (not) to do sth.   选择某人/某物：choose sb. / sth.   从……中挑选：choose... from...   挑选……作为…… choose... as... 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $