专题04 情态动词(期末复习讲义)高一英语上学期译林版

2025-12-25
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高一
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 情态动词
使用场景 同步教学-期末
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 164 KB
发布时间 2025-12-25
更新时间 2025-12-25
作者 TP-lucky
品牌系列 上好课·考点大串讲
审核时间 2025-12-25
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/55614222.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语期末复习讲义以考情分析为导向,通过表格系统梳理情态动词核心用法,构建“基础用法-特殊结构-语境运用”的知识体系。表格清晰呈现情态动词后接动词形式(如进行式、完成式)、各情态动词(can/could, may/might等)的意义辨析及易错点,结合“情态动词+have done”等重难点,形成逻辑连贯的知识脉络。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与语境化方法指导,助力语言能力与思维品质提升。即时检测(如“Lily got the first prize...must have practised”)、链接高考真题(2024浙江1月、2023全国甲卷语法填空)等题型,覆盖单选、语法填空等模块,引导学生结合语境辨析推测用法。易错点拨与巧学助记口诀帮助学生突破难点,既适合基础薄弱学生巩固知识,也为优秀学生提供拓展空间,教师可据此实施精准复习教学,提升学生自主学习效率。

内容正文:

专题04 情态动词(期末复习讲义) 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2024 浙江1月高考 情态动词的被动语态 【考向透视】 1.聚焦情态动词推测用法运用:重点考查情态动词的意义辨析。 2.重视特殊结构:情态动词+have done 表示对过去情况推测。 3.结合语境考查:将情态动词融入语篇,如单项选择,完形填空,语法填空、短文改错和书面表达,需结合上下文判断情态动词表推测的用法,情态动词的意义辨析是解题的关键,对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。 4.与其他语法综合:常与被动语态、虚拟语气结合考查,学生需准确区分不同情态动词的意义辨析用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法:牢记情态动词的基本用法、适用情形,能精准判断情态动词,明确其在句中的意义辨析。 2.突破难点易错点:攻克“情态动词+have done”结构、情态动词意义辨析。 3.提升语境运用能力:在不同语境中快速分析句子结构,准确填写情态动词,提高语法填空的准确率。 4.写作运用:在书面表达中,灵活、准确运用情态动词,丰富句式,提升作文的语言质量。 2023 全国甲卷 情态动词的被动语态 ( 情态动词的用法 ) 知识点01 情态动词后的动词形式 后接进行式,表示对正在发生的事情的推测。 He must be doing his homework now. 他现在肯定在做他的家庭作业。 后接完成式,表示对过去情况的推测或与事实相反的虚拟。 You can’t have seen Mary yesterday because she was in Paris. 你昨天不可能见到玛丽,因为她在巴黎。 后接完成进行式,表示对持续动作的推测。 They are too tired now.They must have been working all day. 他们现在太累了。他们肯定一整天都在工作。 后接被动语态,表示主语和动词是被动关系。 The cat looks scared. It should be left alone, and might calm down. 这只猫看起来很害怕。应该不打扰,让这只猫独处,这样它可能会平静下来。 It is important that our drinking water be protected/should be protected from being polluted.我们的饮用水免受污染是很重要的。 易|错|点|拨 “情态动词+have done”表示对过去的推测 1.must have done表示对过去发生的事或行为的肯定推测,把握性大,意为“一定做过某事”,只用于肯定句中。 Since she had not answered his letter she must have left there. 由于她没有给他回信,她一定是已经离开那里了。 2.may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测,把握性小,意为“也许已经做过某事”,主要用于肯定句和否定句中。 John isn’t at home.I think he may/might have gone to school.约翰不在家,我想他可能去上学了吧。 3.can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去发生的事或行为的否定推测,意为“不可能做过某事”,可通用。can’t语气更加强烈一些。 She can’t/couldn’t have heard you knocking at the door.她不可能听见你敲门。 【即时检测】 1.Lily got the first prize in the speech contest. She ________ many times last week. A.couldn’t have practised B.must have practised C.could practise D.might practice 2.He, as well as many novelists, may ________ years giving up his weekends and free time to write his life’s work, yet still this is often not enough. A.has spent B.have spent C.spent D.be spending 3.Life is not always easy. You ________ some moments when you were disappointed. A.have B.could have had C.may had D.must have had 4.Mr. White ________ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. A.had arrived B.should arrive C.should be arriving D.should have arrived 知识点02 can/could的用法 ①表示能力,意为“能,会”,泛指一般的能力。could为can的过去式。 His brother studying in college can speak four kinds of foreign languages. 他在大学读书的哥哥会说四门外语。 ②表示理论上或习惯上的可能性,意为“可能,有时会”。 Anybody can make mistakes in his lifetime, so it is nothing serious.任何人在一生中都可能犯错误,因此这没什么大不了的。 ③表示许可,意为“可以”。can和could的时态没有差别,只是could的语气更加委婉。 Could I have a look at that new monitor? 我可以看一下那台新的显示器吗? ④表示推测,通常用于否定句或疑问句中,表示惊异、怀疑、不相信;且此时could的可能性比can小;常见can't形式表推测。 He's just had lunch, so he can't be hungry at present.他刚吃过午饭,所以现在不可能饿。 易|错|点|拨 在一般过去时中,was/were able to 通常表示能做并且已经做了的事,could 仅表示能力。 I was able to swim to the bank when the ship sank. 当船下沉时,我已经游到岸边了。 I could lift the heavy box. 我能把那个沉重的盒子举起来。 【即时检测】 1.I have her telephone number. You call her if you like. 2.— It’s nearly a quarter to eight. Beth hasn’t turned up yet. — She have forgotten the time. Why don’t I call and see what happened? 知识点03 may/might的用法 ①表示请求和许可。might比 may语气更委婉。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”。 —Might/May I answer the phone in this room? —No, you can't/mustn't, because it is the meeting room. ——我可以在这个房间接电话吗? ——不,你不可以,因为这里是会议室。 ②表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 Your mother may/might not know the truth. 或许你妈妈不知道真相。 易|错|点|拨 may可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 May you have a healthy body all the time. 愿你一直拥有一个健康的身体。 【即时检测】 1.Look at the dark clouds. It rain this afternoon. You’d better take an umbrella. 2.Given that she is busy, she (may) not attend the party. 知识点04 must与have to的用法 ①表示“必须,必要”时,must强调说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要;must没有时态变化, have to 有时态变化。 Children must stay with their parents throughout the entire event. 整个活动期间,孩子必须和他们的父母待在一起。 Her mother was ill and she had to stay at home to look after her. 她妈妈生病了,她必须在家照顾她。 易|错|点|拨 must的否定形式mustn't表示“禁止”;回答must引起的一般疑问句时,如果是否定的回答, 不能用 mustn't, 而要用 needn't或 don't have to。 —Must we hand in our exercise books now?—Yes, you must./No, you needn't/don't have to. ——我们必须现在就上交练习册吗? ——是的, 你们必须现在上交。/不,你们不必。 ②must表示推测、可能性(只用于表肯定的陈述句)。 You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best.你是汤姆的好朋友,所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。 Your mother must be waiting for you now, so you'd better go back earlier. 你妈妈现在一定在等你,所以你最好早点回去。 ③must表示感情色彩,意为“偏偏;偏要;一定要”,表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。 I'm sleeping now. Must you make so much noise?我正在睡觉。你偏要弄出这么大的噪音吗? 【即时检测】 1.The magazine be Lucy’s. We can see her name on the cover. 2.You be hungry after all that walking. 3.Dad can cook a super “full English breakfast” of bacon, eggs, beans, sausages and toast with butter - Mum and I just find a way to get him into the kitchen! 4.Hurry up! We (go)to school right away. 知识点05 dare与need的用法 ①dare 作情态动词时,表示“敢,敢于”,后跟动词原形,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 I dare not go there alone。 我不敢独自去那儿。 ②need作情态动词时,表示“需要,有必要”,常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。needn't表示“不必”;对 need 开头的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用 must 而不用need,作否定回答时用 needn't。 —Need I finish my homework today? —Yes, you must./No, you needn't. ——我今天需要完成家庭作业吗? ——是的,你必须完成。/不,你不必。 You needn't worry about it. 你不必担心这件事。 易|错|点|拨 dare和need 也可以用作实义动词。 I didn't dare to say a word. 我不敢说一句话。 You don't need to come in person. 你没有必要亲自来。 【即时检测】 1.You’d better send Lisa back home, because it’s too late and she not go home alone at night. 2.If you to speak to me like that again, you will be sorry. 3.We suggest the data need (update) every month. 4.“You try it if you don’t want to,” Mum said, but I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn’t so bad. 知识点06 shall与should/ought to的用法 ①shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见;用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 What shall we do this evening?今天晚上我们做什么? You shall have the book when I finish reading it.我看完这本书你可以看。 He shall be punished if he keeps on doing it. 如果他继续那样做,会受到惩罚的。 ②should/ought to表示劝告、建议、命令,用于各种人称;should也可以表示说话者的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感, 意为“居然,竟然”。 We should be strict with ourselves. 我们应该严格要求自己。 I am surprised that you should speak ill of me. 我很惊讶,你竟然说我坏话。 ③should/ought to表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”。ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重;在疑问句中常用should。 You ought to attend to your parents when they are old. 当你的父母年老时,你应该照顾他们。 【即时检测】 1.The rule states that no child be allowed out of the school during the day unless accompanied by an adult. 2.It has been announced that candidates remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 3.Parents put the things like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe. 4.You not take her help for granted, especially as she’s always quick to lend a hand. 知识点07 will/would的用法 ①二者均可表示请求,would语气更委婉。 Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? 请把球递给我,好吗? ②表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never say those words to you any more. 我再也不会对你说那些话了。 ③will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向, 意为“总是”。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.假期期间,他总是每隔一天来看我一次。 易|错|点|拨 used to也表示过去的习惯性动作,多用于非正式场合,往往指后来停止了的动作。否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to。 He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. 他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了) 【即时检测】 1.I remember that every Saturday night Mama (sit) down by the kitchen table and count out the money Papa had brought home in the little envelope. 2.Tina (lie) on the grass observing stars when she was young. 3.When you believe somehow you . 4.—Thank you for inviting us. Tell your wife that she gave us a perfect party. —I . See you later. 巧|学|助|记 情态动词用法口诀 情态动词may与can, 动词原形跟后边。 不单作谓词义添, shall, will也常见。 建议能力可能现, 命令请求可委婉。 must必须dare敢, 过去情态词形变。 用法分清多勤练, 素养提升在瞬间。 基础通关(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择 1.With the help of the new technology, you ________ e-mail your friends by mobile phone. A.must B.can C.need D.should 2.When learning a new language, you ________ not be afraid of making mistakes, they are an important part of the learning process. A.should B.would C.might D.must 3.Tom ________ in the classroom. I saw him playing football on the playground a minute ago. A.can’t be B.must be C.should be D.might be 4.—I don’t care what Kate thinks. — Well, you _________. Her suggestions are of some value. A.would B.should C.might D.could 5.In my childhood, on New Year’s Eve, all of our family members ________ be together, sitting around the table and enjoying the food. A.shall B.would C.must D.might 6.Be careful! Don’t get the juice on your new dress, for it ______ wash out. A.won’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t 7.You don’t look well. You ________ see the doctor. A.ought to B.may C.can D.might 8.You ________ be punished if you break the school rules. A.would B.shall C.must D.should 9.— I was told to be here at this time. — Sorry, you ________. I forgot to tell you we had changed the plan. A.must B.may C.can’t D.needn’t 10.I thought about all those young people who would not _________ go to the next town to buy their favourite hamburgers and chips. A.have to B.may C.shall D.used to 11.— __________ you work at such a late hour? You are killing me with that noise. — How __________ you talk to me like this! A.Must; dare B.Should; dare C.Should; can D.Will; can 12.You ________ be serious You are actually going to lend him money again? A.needn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t 重难突破(测试时间:10分钟) 1、 语法填空 1.— Jim, you work this Sunday? — Why me? I’ve been working for two weeks on end. 2. you help me with the housework, please?(Polite request) 3. I have a word with you? It won’t take long. 4.I finish reading the book tomorrow, but I am not sure about it. 5.We as well take the subway to get there since the traffic is so bad. 6.You be careful when you cross the road. 7.You can’t imagine a well-behaved man be so rude to a lady. 8.The twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother’s Day. How pleased and proud Mother (be) when they brought her breakfast in bed. 9.When we were students we (stay) up all night. 10.It is snowing outside so I stay at home. (Intention) 11.If you help us,we shall be very grateful. 12.Don’t worry,you get the answer this afternoon. 13. we go on with this activity on Saturday morning? 14.I’ve ordered some pizza, so we worry about cooking when we get home tired. 15.We start out so early;the flight has been put off till three o'clock in the afternoon.(mustn't,don't have to) 易混易错(测试时间:10分钟) 用适当的情态动词填空 1.—Must I finish the task right now? —No,you (don’t have to/mustn’t) 2.It’s so near. We have taken a taxi.(shouldn’t/can’t) 3.You have spent so much time playing computer games.(mustn’t/oughtn’t to) 4.―Shall I leave the room so that you two can talk? ―No, you .(mustn’t/needn’t) 5.He have missed the train; he arrived at the train station two hours earlier.(can’t/mustn’t) 6.You start at once if you want to catch the bus.(have to/ought to) 7.They stay in the office last night because of the snowstorm.(had to/must) 8.We have helped him; in that case, he would have been able to finish the work.(should/can) 9.He finished all the work himself; in fact, he have asked his friends for help.(need/could) 10.Something terrible have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.(have to/must) 链接高考(测试时间:15分钟) 语法填空 1. (2024•浙江1月高考)However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 2.(2023∙全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ___ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 8 / 9 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题04 情态动词(期末复习讲义) 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2024 浙江1月高考 情态动词的被动语态 【考向透视】 1.聚焦情态动词推测用法运用:重点考查情态动词的意义辨析。 2.重视特殊结构:情态动词+have done 表示对过去情况推测。 3.结合语境考查:将情态动词融入语篇,如单项选择,完形填空,语法填空、短文改错和书面表达,需结合上下文判断情态动词表推测的用法,情态动词的意义辨析是解题的关键,对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。 4.与其他语法综合:常与被动语态、虚拟语气结合考查,学生需准确区分不同情态动词的意义辨析用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法:牢记情态动词的基本用法、适用情形,能精准判断情态动词,明确其在句中的意义辨析。 2.突破难点易错点:攻克“情态动词+have done”结构、情态动词意义辨析。 3.提升语境运用能力:在不同语境中快速分析句子结构,准确填写情态动词,提高语法填空的准确率。 4.写作运用:在书面表达中,灵活、准确运用情态动词,丰富句式,提升作文的语言质量。 2023 全国甲卷 情态动词的被动语态 ( 情态动词 ) 知识点01 情态动词后的动词形式 后接进行式,表示对正在发生的事情的推测。 He must be doing his homework now. 他现在肯定在做他的家庭作业。 后接完成式,表示对过去情况的推测或与事实相反的虚拟。 You can’t have seen Mary yesterday because she was in Paris. 你昨天不可能见到玛丽,因为她在巴黎。 后接完成进行式,表示对持续动作的推测。 They are too tired now.They must have been working all day. 他们现在太累了。他们肯定一整天都在工作。 后接被动语态,表示主语和动词是被动关系。 The cat looks scared. It should be left alone, and might calm down. 这只猫看起来很害怕。应该不打扰,让这只猫独处,这样它可能会平静下来。 It is important that our drinking water be protected/should be protected from being polluted.我们的饮用水免受污染是很重要的。 易|错|点|拨 “情态动词+have done”表示对过去的推测 1.must have done表示对过去发生的事或行为的肯定推测,把握性大,意为“一定做过某事”,只用于肯定句中。 Since she had not answered his letter she must have left there. 由于她没有给他回信,她一定是已经离开那里了。 2.may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测,把握性小,意为“也许已经做过某事”,主要用于肯定句和否定句中。 John isn’t at home.I think he may/might have gone to school.约翰不在家,我想他可能去上学了吧。 3.can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去发生的事或行为的否定推测,意为“不可能做过某事”,可通用。can’t语气更加强烈一些。 She can’t/couldn’t have heard you knocking at the door.她不可能听见你敲门。 【即时检测】 1.Lily got the first prize in the speech contest. She ________ many times last week. A.couldn’t have practised B.must have practised C.could practise D.might practice 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词+ have done的用法。句意:莉莉获得了演讲比赛一等奖。她上周肯定练习了很多次。根据句意可知,此处应表示“过去一定练习过”,是对过去的肯定推测,语气十分确定。结合“拿一等奖”的结果,能推断出她上周肯定反复练习了,符合逻辑。故选B项。 2.He, as well as many novelists, may ________ years giving up his weekends and free time to write his life’s work, yet still this is often not enough. A.has spent B.have spent C.spent D.be spending 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意:他和许多小说家一样,可能花费数年时间放弃周末和空闲时间来写他的毕生作品,但这往往还不够。may是情态动词,其后必须接动词原形,可先排除A项和C项,结合“years”可知,此处应用may have done表示对过去行为的推测,意为“可能已花费多年时间”。故选B。 3.Life is not always easy. You ________ some moments when you were disappointed. A.have B.could have had C.may had D.must have had 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意:生活并不总是一帆风顺的。你一定有过失望的时候。根据“Life is not always easy.”和“some moments when you were disappointed.”可知,此处表示对过去情况的肯定推测,用must have done“肯定/一定做过某事”。故选D。 4.Mr. White ________ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. A.had arrived B.should arrive C.should be arriving D.should have arrived 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:怀特先生本应在8:30到达会场,但他并未露面。根据but he didn’t show up可知,这里是说怀特先生本应做而实际上未做的事,用should have done,意为“本应该做……(而实际上没有)”。故选D。 知识点02 can/could的用法 ①表示能力,意为“能,会”,泛指一般的能力。could为can的过去式。 His brother studying in college can speak four kinds of foreign languages. 他在大学读书的哥哥会说四门外语。 ②表示理论上或习惯上的可能性,意为“可能,有时会”。 Anybody can make mistakes in his lifetime, so it is nothing serious.任何人在一生中都可能犯错误,因此这没什么大不了的。 ③表示许可,意为“可以”。can和could的时态没有差别,只是could的语气更加委婉。 Could I have a look at that new monitor? 我可以看一下那台新的显示器吗? ④表示推测,通常用于否定句或疑问句中,表示惊异、怀疑、不相信;且此时could的可能性比can小;常见can't形式表推测。 He's just had lunch, so he can't be hungry at present.他刚吃过午饭,所以现在不可能饿。 易|错|点|拨 在一般过去时中,was/were able to 通常表示能做并且已经做了的事,could 仅表示能力。 I was able to swim to the bank when the ship sank. 当船下沉时,我已经游到岸边了。 I could lift the heavy box. 我能把那个沉重的盒子举起来。 【即时检测】 1.I have her telephone number. You call her if you like. 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我有她的电话号码,如果你愿意,你可以给她打电话。此处表示允许,意为“可以”,故应用情态动词can,故填can。 2.— It’s nearly a quarter to eight. Beth hasn’t turned up yet. — She have forgotten the time. Why don’t I call and see what happened? 【答案】can/could/may/might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:——快到七点四十五分了,贝丝还没出现。——她可能/也许忘记了时间。我为什么不打电话看看发生了什么事?根据句意可知,此处表示对过去发生事情的推测,且把握性不大,表示“可能/也许已经做了某事”,所以应用can/could/may/might have done结构。故填can/could/may/might。 知识点03 may/might的用法 ①表示请求和许可。might比 may语气更委婉。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”。 —Might/May I answer the phone in this room? —No, you can't/mustn't, because it is the meeting room. ——我可以在这个房间接电话吗? ——不,你不可以,因为这里是会议室。 ②表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 Your mother may/might not know the truth. 或许你妈妈不知道真相。 易|错|点|拨 may可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 May you have a healthy body all the time. 愿你一直拥有一个健康的身体。 【即时检测】 1.Look at the dark clouds. It rain this afternoon. You’d better take an umbrella. 【答案】may/might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:看那些乌云。今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨伞。Look at the dark clouds(看那些乌云)是推测依据,但乌云仅代表有下雨的可能,并非必然下雨,故用情态动词may/might。故填may/might。 2.Given that she is busy, she (may) not attend the party. 【答案】may 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:鉴于她很忙,她可能不会参加这个派对。此处表示“可能不参加”,结合is可知句子时态是一般现在时,直接用may not即可。故填may。 知识点04 must与have to的用法 ①表示“必须,必要”时,must强调说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要;must没有时态变化, have to 有时态变化。 Children must stay with their parents throughout the entire event. 整个活动期间,孩子必须和他们的父母待在一起。 Her mother was ill and she had to stay at home to look after her. 她妈妈生病了,她必须在家照顾她。 易|错|点|拨 must的否定形式mustn't表示“禁止”;回答must引起的一般疑问句时,如果是否定的回答, 不能用 mustn't, 而要用 needn't或 don't have to。 —Must we hand in our exercise books now?—Yes, you must./No, you needn't/don't have to. ——我们必须现在就上交练习册吗? ——是的, 你们必须现在上交。/不,你们不必。 ②must表示推测、可能性(只用于表肯定的陈述句)。 You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best.你是汤姆的好朋友,所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。 Your mother must be waiting for you now, so you'd better go back earlier. 你妈妈现在一定在等你,所以你最好早点回去。 ③must表示感情色彩,意为“偏偏;偏要;一定要”,表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。 I'm sleeping now. Must you make so much noise?我正在睡觉。你偏要弄出这么大的噪音吗? 【即时检测】 1.The magazine be Lucy’s. We can see her name on the cover. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:这本杂志一定是露西的。我们可以在封面上看到她的名字。根据“We can see her name on the cover. (我们可以在封面上看到她的名字。)”可知,这本杂志“一定”是露西的,表示对现在情况的肯定推测,应用情态动词must。故填must。 2.You be hungry after all that walking. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:走了那么久,你肯定饿了。根据after all that walking可知,此处表示十分肯定的推测,用情态动词must。故填must。 3.Dad can cook a super “full English breakfast” of bacon, eggs, beans, sausages and toast with butter - Mum and I just find a way to get him into the kitchen! 【答案】have to 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:爸爸会做一顿超级“全英式早餐”,有培根、鸡蛋、豆子、香肠和黄油吐司——妈妈和我只要想办法把他弄进厨房就行了!空后为动词原形,所以此处应为情态动词,根据句意以及上文的just可知,此处为just have to表示“只需要”。故填have to。 4.Hurry up! We (go)to school right away. 【答案】ought to go/must go/have to go 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:快点!我们必须马上去学校。根据“Hurry up!”可知,此处表示“必须马上去学校”,用情态动词ought to/must/have to表示“必须”,后接动词原形,故填ought to/must/have to go。 知识点05 dare与need的用法 ①dare 作情态动词时,表示“敢,敢于”,后跟动词原形,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 I dare not go there alone。 我不敢独自去那儿。 ②need作情态动词时,表示“需要,有必要”,常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。needn't表示“不必”;对 need 开头的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用 must 而不用need,作否定回答时用 needn't。 —Need I finish my homework today? —Yes, you must./No, you needn't. ——我今天需要完成家庭作业吗? ——是的,你必须完成。/不,你不必。 You needn't worry about it. 你不必担心这件事。 易|错|点|拨 dare和need 也可以用作实义动词。 I didn't dare to say a word. 我不敢说一句话。 You don't need to come in person. 你没有必要亲自来。 【即时检测】 1.You’d better send Lisa back home, because it’s too late and she not go home alone at night. 【答案】dare 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:你最好送丽莎回家,因为太晚了,她不敢晚上一个人回家。由go home alone at night可知,句子表示“她不敢晚上一个人回家”,dare not do sth.意为“不敢做某事”,因此空格处是情态动词dare。故填dare。 2.If you to speak to me like that again, you will be sorry. 【答案】dare 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:如果你再敢这样跟我说话,你会后悔的。根据句意,此处表示“敢”应用情态动词dare,后跟动词原形。故填dare。 3.We suggest the data need (update) every month. 【答案】to be updated/updating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们建议数据需要每月更新。结合句意可知,data和update是被动关系,所以应用need to be done形式,即to be updated,表示“需要被更新”;也可以用need doing,主动表被动,所以也可以用updating,表示“需要更新”。故填to be updated/updating。 4.“You try it if you don’t want to,” Mum said, but I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn’t so bad. 【答案】needn’t 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:妈妈说:“如果你不想吃,你不必试。”但我鼓足勇气吃了一口,惊讶地发现它并没有那么糟糕。空后的try为动词原形,空处应为情态动词,结合“if you don’t want to”可推知,此处指“如果你不想吃,你不必试”,应用needn’t表示“不必,不需要”。故填needn’t。 知识点06 shall与should/ought to的用法 ①shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见;用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 What shall we do this evening?今天晚上我们做什么? You shall have the book when I finish reading it.我看完这本书你可以看。 He shall be punished if he keeps on doing it. 如果他继续那样做,会受到惩罚的。 ②should/ought to表示劝告、建议、命令,用于各种人称;should也可以表示说话者的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感, 意为“居然,竟然”。 We should be strict with ourselves. 我们应该严格要求自己。 I am surprised that you should speak ill of me. 我很惊讶,你竟然说我坏话。 ③should/ought to表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”。ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重;在疑问句中常用should。 You ought to attend to your parents when they are old. 当你的父母年老时,你应该照顾他们。 【即时检测】 1.The rule states that no child be allowed out of the school during the day unless accompanied by an adult. 【答案】shall 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:规定指出,除非有成年人陪同,白天任何孩子不得离开学校。分析句子可知,空处应用情态动词表示“规定、规则中的要求或义务”。shall用于第三人称时,可在条约、规定、法令等正式文件中表示义务或规定,意为“必须,应,不得”,符合句中the rule states (规定指出)的语境。故填shall。 2.It has been announced that candidates remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 【答案】shall 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:已宣布,候选人必须留在座位上,直到所有试卷被收集完毕。shall用于条约、规定、法令、法律等,意为“必须”。故填shall。 3.Parents put the things like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe. 【答案】should 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:为了保证孩子的安全, 父母应该把家里的刀子和药品之类的东西收起来。根据句意可知, 此处表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”, 应用 should。故填should。 4.You not take her help for granted, especially as she’s always quick to lend a hand. 【答案】should 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:你不应该把她的帮助视为理所当然,尤其是她总是很乐意伸出援手。此处表示“应该”,应用情态动词should,should not意为“不应该”,符合句意。故填should。 知识点07 will/would的用法 ①二者均可表示请求,would语气更委婉。 Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? 请把球递给我,好吗? ②表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never say those words to you any more. 我再也不会对你说那些话了。 ③will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向, 意为“总是”。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.假期期间,他总是每隔一天来看我一次。 易|错|点|拨 used to也表示过去的习惯性动作,多用于非正式场合,往往指后来停止了的动作。否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to。 He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. 他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了) 【即时检测】 1.I remember that every Saturday night Mama (sit) down by the kitchen table and count out the money Papa had brought home in the little envelope. 【答案】would sit 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我记得每个星期六晚上,妈妈都会坐在厨房的桌子旁,数爸爸带回家的钱。根据“I remember that every Saturday night”以及“had brought”可知,此处描述的是过去经常发生的习惯性动作,使用“would + 动词原形”表示过去的习惯或经常性动作。故填would sit。 2.Tina (lie) on the grass observing stars when she was young. 【答案】would lie 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:蒂娜年轻时会躺在草地上看星星。根据时间状语“when she was young”可知,lie是过去常做的行为,would作情态动词,它常用于表示意愿、请求、假设或过去习惯性的行为,情态动词+动词原形。故填would lie。 3.When you believe somehow you . 【答案】will 【详解】考查固定句型。句意:只要你相信,你也许就会。When you believe somehow you will是固定句型,意为“只要你相信,你也许就会”,是一种省略句式。故填will。 4.—Thank you for inviting us. Tell your wife that she gave us a perfect party. —I . See you later. 【答案】will 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意:——谢谢你邀请我们。告诉你妻子,她给我们办了一个完美的派对。——我会的。再见。“Tell your wife that she gave us a perfect party.”为祈使句,是请求对方做事,回答的人表示自己愿意遵从对方的意愿,表示现在的意愿应用情态动词will。故填will。 巧|学|助|记 情态动词用法口诀 情态动词may与can, 动词原形跟后边。 不单作谓词义添, shall, will也常见。 建议能力可能现, 命令请求可委婉。 must必须dare敢, 过去情态词形变。 用法分清多勤练, 素养提升在瞬间。 基础通关(测试时间:10分钟) 一、单项选择 1.With the help of the new technology, you ________ e-mail your friends by mobile phone. A.must B.can C.need D.should 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:在新技术的帮助下,你可以通过手机给朋友发电子邮件。此处强调新技术带来的“能力和可能性”,即具备了用手机发邮件的条件,can可以表示这种能力或许可,符合语境。must表示必须,need表示需要,should表示应该,均不符合句意。故选B。 2.When learning a new language, you ________ not be afraid of making mistakes, they are an important part of the learning process. A.should B.would C.might D.must 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:在学习一门新语言时,你不应该害怕犯错误,它们是学习过程的重要组成部分。A. should应该;B. would会;C. might可能;D. must必须。本句建议“你不应该害怕犯错”,且后半句解释原因,用should符合语境。故选A。 3.Tom ________ in the classroom. I saw him playing football on the playground a minute ago. A.can’t be B.must be C.should be D.might be 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:汤姆不可能在教室里。一分钟前我看见他在操场上踢足球。A. can’t be不可能是;B. must be一定是;C. should be应该是;D. might be可能是。根据“I saw him playing football on the playground a minute ago.”可知,汤姆此刻不可能在教室里。故选A。 4.—I don’t care what Kate thinks. — Well, you _________. Her suggestions are of some value. A.would B.should C.might D.could 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:——我不在乎凯特的想法。——嗯,你应该在乎。她的建议有一定价值。A. would会,愿意;B. should应该;C. might可能;D. could能,可能。第二说话人通过“她的建议有一定价值”暗示对方“应该重视凯特的看法”,表达一种劝告或委婉批评的语气,因此应选用表“建议”的should。故选B项。 5.In my childhood, on New Year’s Eve, all of our family members ________ be together, sitting around the table and enjoying the food. A.shall B.would C.must D.might 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:在我小时候,除夕夜,我们所有的家庭成员都会聚在一起,围坐在桌子旁,享受食物。A. shall将要,将会;B. would过去常常;C. must必须;D. might可能。由In my childhood, on New Year’s Eve可知,空格处用would表示“过去常常”。故选B。 6.Be careful! Don’t get the juice on your new dress, for it ______ wash out. A.won’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意:小心!不要把果汁弄到你的新衣服上,因为它洗不掉。A. won’t不会;B. mustn’t不准,表示禁止;C. shouldn’t不应该,表示建议;D. needn’t不必,表示不需要。结合“Don’t get the juice on your new dress”可知,此处表达对果汁弄到衣服上后“无法洗掉”的担忧,应用won’t“不会”表示“洗不掉”。故选A。 7.You don’t look well. You ________ see the doctor. A.ought to B.may C.can D.might 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。 句意:你看起来不太舒服。你应该去看医生。 A. ought to应该,应当(表建议,语气比should稍正式,强调责任或合理建议);B. may可能,可以(表许可或推测,语气较弱);C. can能,可以(表能力或许可);D. might可能,或许(表推测,语气比 may 更委婉)。 根据You don’t look well.可知,此处是基于身体状况给出的合理建议,故选A。 8.You ________ be punished if you break the school rules. A.would B.shall C.must D.should 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:如果你违反学校规定,将会受到惩罚。A. would将要(表示过去将来时);B. shall应,必须(用于法律、规则);C. must必须,一定;D. should应该。在此处表示根据法律、规定或协议等必须或应该做的事情,用于第二、三人称时,可以表示警告、允诺、命令、决心等语气。在此上下文中,该句是在警告某人如果违反校规就会受到惩罚,符合shall的用法。故选B。 9.— I was told to be here at this time. — Sorry, you ________. I forgot to tell you we had changed the plan. A.must B.may C.can’t D.needn’t 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:——我被告知要在这个时候到这里。——对不起,你不必。我忘了告诉你我们改变了计划。A. must必须;B. may可以;C. can’t不能;D. needn’t不必。根据“I forgot to tell you we had changed the plan. (我忘记告诉你计划变了)”可知,因计划有变,所以是对方不必此时到这里。故选D。 10.I thought about all those young people who would not _________ go to the next town to buy their favourite hamburgers and chips. A.have to B.may C.shall D.used to 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词(短语)词义辨析。句意:我想到了所有那些年轻人,他们将不必再去邻近的城镇买他们最喜欢的汉堡和薯条了。A. have to不得不,必须;B. may可能,可以;C. shall将要(用于第一人称),应该(用于第二、三人称表规定或警告);D. used to过去常常。分析选择答案的依据:句子中“would not”后接动词原形,结合语境,此处表达“不再需要做某事”的含义,would not have to即“将不必”,能准确体现“年轻人无需再特意去邻镇买食物”的语义。故选A项。 11.— __________ you work at such a late hour? You are killing me with that noise. — How __________ you talk to me like this! A.Must; dare B.Should; dare C.Should; can D.Will; can 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:——你一定要这么晚才下班吗?你吵得我受不了了。——你怎么敢这么跟我说话!A. Must必须;dare敢;B. Should应该;dare敢;C. Should应该;can能;D. Will愿意;can能。根据语境,第一空表示“一定”需用must表达说话者对对方行为的不满或不耐烦,第二空表示“敢”需用dare表达强烈的愤怒或不满,质问对方怎么有胆量以这种方式说话。故选A。 12.You ________ be serious You are actually going to lend him money again? A.needn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:你不可能是认真的吧?你竟然还要再借钱给他?A. needn’t不必;B. can’t不可能(表否定推测);C. shouldn’t不应该;D. mustn’t禁止。由语意可知,后句“再次借钱给对方”的行为让人难以置信,前句是对“认真”这一状态的否定推测,强调“不可能”。故选B 项。 重难突破(测试时间:10分钟) 1、 语法填空 1.— Jim, you work this Sunday? — Why me? I’ve been working for two weeks on end. 【答案】can/could 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:——吉姆,这个周日你能上班吗? ——为什么是我?我已经连续工作了两个星期了。根据答语“Why me? I’ve been working for two weeks on end.”可知,Jim对此表示不满,应是对上文要求的回应,故空处应询问能否工作,应用情态动词can或could询问某人是否能够做某事。故填can/could。 2. you help me with the housework, please?(Polite request) 【答案】Could/Can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:你能帮我做家务吗?表示礼貌的请求,用could/can提问,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Could/Can。 3. I have a word with you? It won’t take long. 【答案】Can/May 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我能和你说句话吗?不会花很长时间的。情态动词can/may表示请求,首字母大写。故填Can/May。 4.I finish reading the book tomorrow, but I am not sure about it. 【答案】may/might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我明天可能会读完这本书,但我不确定。结合but I am not sure about it可知,说话者对明天能否完成读书并不确定,此处需要填入一个表示可能性较低的情态动词,may/might用于表达可能性,尤其强调不确定性。故填may/might。 5.We as well take the subway to get there since the traffic is so bad. 【答案】may/might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:既然交通如此拥挤,我们还是乘地铁去吧。此处是固定搭配:may as well或者might as well‌意为“只好(做);(做……)也无妨”。故填may或者might。 6.You be careful when you cross the road. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:过马路时你必须小心。此处表示必要性,意为“过马路必须小心”用情态动词must。故填must。 7.You can’t imagine a well-behaved man be so rude to a lady. 【答案】should 【详解】考查should用法。句意:你无法想象一个彬彬有礼的男人竟然对一位女士如此粗鲁。结合句意可知,此处表示“竟然”,使用情态动词should,故填should。 8.The twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother’s Day. How pleased and proud Mother (be) when they brought her breakfast in bed. 【答案】would be 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:想到他们为母亲节准备的惊喜,这对双胞胎兴奋不已。当他们把早餐端到床上时,妈妈会多么高兴和自豪啊。根据句意可知,母亲会很高兴和自豪是当时他们对未发生事情的猜测,would可以表示过去对未发生事情的猜测,意为“会,将,将会”。故填would be。 9.When we were students we (stay) up all night. 【答案】would stay 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:当我们还是学生的时候,我们会熬夜。此处表示我们过去常常会熬夜,用“would+动词原形”表示过去常常做某事,因此空格处是would stay。故填would stay。 10.It is snowing outside so I stay at home. (Intention) 【答案】will 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:外面正在下雪,所以我要呆在家里。由It is snowing outside可知,句子表示“外面正在下雪,所以我要呆在家里”,空格后是动词原形,空格处用情态动词,此处表示一种打算,用will,故填will。 11.If you help us,we shall be very grateful. 【答案】will 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:如果你愿意帮助我们,我们将不胜感激。 will表示意愿。故填will。 12.Don’t worry,you get the answer this afternoon. 【答案】shall 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:别着急,今天下午你就可得到答复了。shall在第二人称后表示允诺。故填shall。 13. we go on with this activity on Saturday morning? 【答案】Shall 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我们星期六上午继续这个活动好吗?分析句子可知,本句为一般疑问句,表示征求大家的意见;根据主语“we”可知,应用情态动词shall,用于主语是第一人称的一般疑问句中,表示“……好吗?”;句首字母大写。故填Shall。 14.I’ve ordered some pizza, so we worry about cooking when we get home tired. 【答案】needn’t 【详解】考查情态动词。我已经订了一些披萨,所以我们回家累了就不必担心做饭了。动词原形worry前用情态动词。根据句意,表示“不必”,故填needn’t。 15.We start out so early;the flight has been put off till three o'clock in the afternoon.(mustn't,don't have to) 【答案】don't have to 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我们不必那么早出发,航班已被推迟到下午三点了。分析句意可知,此处用情态动词don't have to表示“不必”符合语境,而情态动词mustn't表示“禁止”不符合语境。故填don't have to。 易混易错(测试时间:10分钟) 用适当的情态动词填空 1.—Must I finish the task right now? —No,you (don’t have to/mustn’t) 2.It’s so near. We have taken a taxi.(shouldn’t/can’t) 3.You have spent so much time playing computer games.(mustn’t/oughtn’t to) 4.―Shall I leave the room so that you two can talk? ―No, you .(mustn’t/needn’t) 5.He have missed the train; he arrived at the train station two hours earlier.(can’t/mustn’t) 6.You start at once if you want to catch the bus.(have to/ought to) 7.They stay in the office last night because of the snowstorm.(had to/must) 8.We have helped him; in that case, he would have been able to finish the work.(should/can) 9.He finished all the work himself; in fact, he have asked his friends for help.(need/could) 10.Something terrible have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.(have to/must) 【答案】1.don’t have to 2.shouldn’t 3.oughtn’t to 4.needn’t 5.can’t 6.ought to 7.had to 65.should 66.could 67.must 【解析】1.考查情态动词。句意:——我必须现在完成这项任务吗?——不,你不需要。根据句意可知,此处对must提问的否定回答应该用don’t have to或needn’t,表示“不需要,不必”,不能用表示“禁止”的mustn’t。故填don’t have to。 2.考查情态动词。句意:太近了,我们不应该坐出租车的。根据句中的It’s so near可知,此处应该用shouldn’t have done表示“本不该做某事而做了”。故填shouldn’t。 3.考查情态动词。句意:你不应该花这么多时间玩电脑游戏。根据句意和空格后的“have spent so much time playing computer games”可知,此处应该用oughtn’t to have done表示“本不该做某事而做了”,而mustn’t表示“禁止”。故填oughtn’t to。 4.考查情态动词。句意:——要我离开房间让你们俩谈谈吗?——不,你不必。needn’t“不需要”,mustn’t表示“禁止”。故填needn’t。 5.考查情态动词。句意:他不可能误了火车,他提前两个小时到达了火车站。根据句意和空格后的“have missed the train(误了火车)”可知,此处应该用can’t have done“不可能”,表示对过去的否定推测。故填can’t。 6.考查情态动词。句意:如果你想赶上公共汽车,你就应该马上出发。根据“if you want to catch the bus (如果你想赶上公共汽车)”可知,你应该马上出发,ought to应该。故填ought to。 7.考查情态动词。句意:因为暴风雪,他们昨晚不得不留在办公室里。根据“because of the snowstorm (因为暴风雪)”可知,他们不得不留在办公室,have to“不得不”合乎题意。故填had to。 8.考查情态动词。句意:我们本来应该帮助他的,如果是那样的话,他就能完成这项工作了。根据下文“in that case, he would have been able to finish the work.(如果是那样的话,他就能完成这项工作了)”可知,此处应该用should have done表示“本应该做某事而没做”。故填should。 9.考查情态动词。句意:他自己完成了所有的工作;事实上,他本可以请朋友帮忙的。根据句中的“He finished all the work by himself(他自己完成了所有的工作)”可知,此处应该用could have done表示“本可以做某事而没做”。故填could。 10.考查情态动词。句意:如果李昌没有像往常一样来他的餐馆吃饭,一定发生了什么可怕的事情。根据“if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did (如果李昌没有像往常一样来他的餐馆吃饭)”可知,一定发生了什么可怕的事情,must have done是对过去发生的事的肯定的推测。故填must。 链接高考(测试时间:15分钟) 语法填空 1. (2024•浙江1月高考)However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 【答案】 be offered 【详解】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:然而,虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事,但如果有时能以小包装出售,那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关系,主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 2.(2023∙全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ___ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】be employed 【详解】考查语态。句意:卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式,已经代代相传,今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 13 / 16 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题04 情态动词(期末复习讲义)高一英语上学期译林版
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专题04 情态动词(期末复习讲义)高一英语上学期译林版
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专题04 情态动词(期末复习讲义)高一英语上学期译林版
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