专题03 主谓一致（期末复习讲义）高一英语上学期译林版

该高中英语期末复习讲义以主谓一致为核心，通过语法一致、意义一致、就近一致三大原则系统构建知识体系，采用表格呈现2023-2025年各卷考情分析，用框架图梳理特殊结构（如there be、倒装句）与基础规则的内在联系，清晰呈现重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与思维品质培养，即时检测包含语法填空（如“Reading English novels... (help)”）、完成句子等题型，链接高考真题强化语境运用能力。易错点拨（如“the number of”与“a number of”的辨析）引导学生精准判断，基础通关与易混易错专项支持不同层次学生提升学习能力，为教师实施精准教学提供有力支撑。

专题03 主谓一致（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考I卷 主谓一致 【考向透视】 1.聚焦主谓一致运用：重点考查意义一致，语法一致,就近一致原则。 2.重视特殊结构：there be的结构，倒装句和强调句的主谓一致的原则。 3.结合语境考查：在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的单复数形式与特殊句式的应用往往是解题的关键。 4.与其他语法综合：常与there be的句型、倒装句、强调句结合考查，学生需准确区分主语单复数形式与谓语动词的匹配用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法：牢记主谓一致的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断主语是单复数，明确其谓语动词和主语匹配。 2.突破难点易错点：攻克there be， 倒装句中的主语的的辨析，强调句的中主谓一致原则。 3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写谓语动词，提高语法填空的准确率。 4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用主谓一致，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。 新高考II卷 主谓一致 浙江卷 主谓一致 北京卷 主谓一致 2024 北京卷 主谓一致 新高考I卷 主谓一致 新高考II卷 主谓一致 浙江卷 主谓一致 全国甲卷 主谓一致 2023 北京卷 主谓一致 全国乙卷 主谓一致 浙江卷 主谓一致 ( 主谓一致 ) 知识点01 语法一致 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式。 1．不定代词one，every，each，everybody，everyone，one of，no one，nothing，nobody，someone，somebody，either，neither等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 Each of them has a new dress .他们每一个人都有一本新裙子。 2．由and或both...and...连接起来的成分作主语时，一般要用复数形式的谓语动词。 Both his son and daughter are teachers.他的儿子和女儿都是老师。 3．主语为名词单数或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but (除了)，like(像)，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than，besides，including等词汇，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 Air as well as water is matter.空气和水都是物质。 The teacher, together with many students, is playing basketball in the playground.这位老师和很多学生一起在操场上打篮球。 4．不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Reading often means learning.阅读常意味着学习。（动名词作主语） To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨大声朗读英语对你有许多好处。（动词不定式作主语） How he came to this city is a story of struggle and success. 他如何来到这个城市是一个充满奋斗和成功的故事。（名词性从句作主语） 5．由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。 What I need is time.我所需要的是时间。 6．在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数应与句中先行词保持一致。Professor Baker, who has been devoted to the research of wild animals all his life, is supposed to give a speech in our school next week. 贝克教授一生都致力于野生动物的研究，下周他将在我们学校发表演讲。 7．none作主语，指代可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。 None of the students is/are interested in this book.没有学生对这本书感兴趣。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如：What I bought were three English books. 我买了三本英语书。 2. 若and连接的两个主语指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。A knife and fork is on the desk.桌子上有一副刀叉。The writer and doctor is speaking at the meeting.这位作家兼医生正在会上发言。 若and连接的两个并列主语前有each、every、no修饰，谓语动词用单数形式。Every student and every teacher was in the room.每一位学生和老师都在教室里。No boy and no girl likes it.没有男孩和女孩喜欢它。 3. 在口语中，当either或neither后跟“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数形式。Neither of them has/have a car. 他们两个都没有汽车。 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式；若它后面的名词是复数，谓语动词用单数或复数形式都可以。None of us is/are entirely blameless in this matter.在这件事上我们没有一个人是完全没有责任的。 4. 在定语从句中，在the only one of...后面，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 He is one of my friends who are from a foreign country. 他是我的外国朋友之一。 He is the only one of my friends who is from a foreign country. 他是我唯一的外国朋友。 5．“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，真正的主语是number (数目)，故谓语动词用单数；“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，真正的主语则是of后的复数名词，故谓语动词用复数形式。 A number of apples are red.许多苹果是红色的。 The number of students is 2,000.学生的数量是2 000。 6．quantities of与amounts of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Quantities of food were on the table.桌子上有许多食品。 Great amounts of coal have been sent there.大量的煤被送到了那儿。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．Not knowing where I’m going (be) what inspires me to travel. 2．Reading English novels for 30 minutes every morning (help) improve vocabulary and reading comprehension effectively. 3．About seven-tenths of the earth (be) covered by the ocean. 4．Never losing heart (be) one of the qualities to become a great professional athlete. 二、完成句子 5．离开房间就随手关灯，结果证明是节约能源的有效方式。 Turning off lights when leaving rooms a meaningful way to save energy. 6．The truth is that everyone is not attaching great importance to time management. →The truth is that is attaching great importance to time management. 知识点02 意义一致 意义一致原则是指有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义也用单数形式。 1．若由and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物，后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式；由and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如bread and butter (抹黄油的面包), knife and fork (刀叉)等作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。 The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。(两样物) A knife and fork lies on the table.桌子上有一副刀叉。(一个整体) 2．若由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no，each，every，more than a(n)，many a(n)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 Every student and every teacher was in the room.每个学生和老师都在房间里。 No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.没有老师也没有学生缺席会议。 3．如果集体名词如family，public，club，crew，group，audience等指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式；people，police，cattle，military等集体名词一般都用作复数。 Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。 Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班无法就班长人选达成一致意见。 The police are looking for the lost child.警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。 4．由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of＋名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的单复数要根据短语中后面名词的单复数而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom.教室里有很多人。 5．表示时间、重量、数目、价格、长度等的词或词组作主语时，尽管它们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或词组看作一个整体，谓语动词就用单数形式。 Three thousand yuan is quite a lot of money for a middle school student. 对于一名中学生来说，三千块钱是一大笔钱。 Two hours is a short time when you are enjoying a fascinating movie. 当你在欣赏一部非常好的电影时, 两小时是很短的时间。 6．有些形复意单的名词如news；以­ics结尾的学科名称如physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如the United States; 报纸名如The New York Times; 书名如Arabian Nights; 以及the United Nations等虽以复数形式出现，实际意义为单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Politics is often a topic for discussion among us. 政治常常是我们讨论的话题。 The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 床底下的那双鞋是他的。 7．若主语中有表示数量的短语more than one或many a(n)，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数；但“more＋名词复数＋than one”作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数形式；“one＋名词单数＋and a half”作主语时，其谓语动词采用单数形式；“one or two＋复数名词”作主语时， 谓语动词用复数形式；“a＋名词单数＋or two”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a boy likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。 More than one student was late.不止一个学生迟到。 One banana and a half was left on the table.桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。 One or two places have been visited.参观了一两个地点。 A word or two is missing here.这里缺一两个词。 8．算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常看作单数，其谓语动词采用单数形式；数学算式中要是用and或plus表示“加”，用times表示“乘以”，则谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。 Twelve plus eight is/are twenty.12加8等于20。 Ten times zero is/are zero.10乘以0等于0。 Two and two is/are four.2加2等于4。 9．trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但如果这些名词前有a/the pair/kind/sort/type of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。 A pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有一副眼镜。 10．“定冠词the＋形容词或分词”表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；但当它表示的是一个抽象概念时，则用单数形式。 The wounded are treated well.伤员得到了很好的治疗。 The beautiful is loved by all.美好的事物人人爱。 11．名词性物主代词mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于该动词后面名词的单复数，动词后面的名词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；动词后面的名词为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 His is a new bike.他的是一辆新自行车。 His are some old books.他的是一些旧书。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. population作主语时，谓语动词用单数；若population被分数、百分数修饰，谓语动词常用复数形式。 The population continues to increase.人口继续增长。 40% of the population in this area are suffering from the heavy rain.这个地区40%的人遭受了这次暴雨的侵袭。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．These means of travel (be) popular among the young people. 2．Doctors and nurses looked after the (injure) carefully. 3．While we may change friends, the number of people we can keep in touch with (stay) the same in a certain time. 4．Seven people out of ten(=in ten) (have) received middle school education. 二、完成句子 5．The doctors and nurses are busy (照顾伤员). 6．My brother and I (有很多共同之处). We both have a deep appreciation for nature and enjoy spending time outdoors. 知识点03 就近一致 就近一致原则是指谓语动词的人称和单复数常常与最靠近的作主语的词语保持一致。 1．当两个主语由or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，not...but连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher contributes money to our school.不仅学生为我们学校捐了款而且这位老师也捐了款。 Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.他和他的家人都不知道这件事。 Either she or I am right.不是她对就是我对。 2．以there，here引起的表示存在的句子，而主语又不止一个时，谓语动词应按照就近一致原则。 Here are some books you may be interested in.这里有一些你可能感兴趣的书。 There is an air­conditioner and two computers in his office.在他的办公室里有一个空调和两台电脑。 【即时检测】 1．Look.There (be) a pair of shoes, a box of apples and some drinks under the table. 2．There (be) a little milk in the glass. 3．There are (clinic), schools and other services in this community. 4．Either you or he (have) lunch at school. 二、完成句子 5．Hockey pucks are flat and round. (改为否定句) Hockey pucks are flat round. 6．The teacher is not content with the result. The students are not content with the result. (句型转换) → the result. 易｜错｜点｜拨 1．并列主语的主谓一致 (1)两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 Steam and ice are different forms of water. 蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。 (2)两个单数名词用and 连接，表示同一人，同一物或同一概念时谓语动词用单数。 The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room. 那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。 (3)两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，many a等修饰限定时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。 Every man and every woman is at work. 所有人都在工作。 2．主语后有with，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including，rather than，besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。 Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory. 只有一名教师和三名学生在实验室里。 3．某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。 Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school. 在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体) His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad. 他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体) (2)由两部分构成的表示物体的名词如：trousers，pants，jeans，shoes，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of/two pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。 These trousers need washing. 这些裤子需要洗。 This pair of trousers is hers. 这条裤子是她的。 4．数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。 About three fourths of the surface of the Earth is water.地球表面大约四分之三是水。 About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls. 我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。 (2)由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。 A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend. 讲师之间一系列的辩论被安排在下周末。 (3)a number of(许多)，a variety of(各种各样的)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。但是the number of(……的数目)和the variety of(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 A number of students are from the south. 许多学生来自南方。 The number of students from the south is large. 来自南方的学生人数很多。 5．“one of＋可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the (only) one of＋可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written in French. 这是其中一本用法语写的书。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. 他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Not only the students but also their head teacher ________ several national awards since last year. A．has won B．have won C．had won D．wins 2．Not only I but also Danny ________ a frog in our throats. A．are having B．have C．has D．having 3．Neither my sister nor I ________ been to Xi’an before. A．have never B．have ever C．has ever 4．Not only grandpa but also all of us _________ looking forward to meeting my uncle. A．am B．is C．are D．be 5．The great number of people ________ in the drought ________  reached over ten thousand. A．affecting; has B．affected; has C．affecting; have D．affected; have 6．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake ________ more than 400,000. A．was B．is C．were D．are 7．Thousands of people are still ________ and the number of deaths ________ to grow even higher over the next few days. A．missing, are expected B．missing, are expecting C．missed, is expected D．missing, is expected 8．The number of people invited________ 50, but a number of them________ absent. A．was; was B．was; were C．were; was D．were; were 9．Buying flowers and sending them to my mother ________ a way to express my love on Mother’s Day. A．are B．is C．has D．have 10．A survey carried out last year showed that 90% of the aged ________ in support of that idea. A．is B．are C．was D．were 11．— Which would you like, tea or coffee? — Either ________ OK, but I prefer coffee ________ milk. A．is, to B．are, with C．is, with D．are, to 12．It is the first time that more than one ancient painting ______ to the public outside the museum. A．are displayed B．has been displayed C．have been displayed D．is displayed 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1．The girl not only likes singing, also draws well. 2．Not only Tom but also I (see) the new movie tomorrow. 3．Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, (be) not able to solve the problem now. 4．The director said that not only the animals but also the jungle (be) digitally created. 5．The (injure) in the accident were taken to the hospital when I got there. 6．A large quantity of books (donate) to the rural school last month. 7．Every boy and every girl (wish) to attend the English Evening to be held on Saturday. 8．The singer and dancer (be) to attend our evening party. 9．Many a college student (be) sent to the poor area to help the children there last month. 10．Littering in rivers and lakes (do) great harm to the ecosystem. 11．—Is here? —No, Tom and John have asked for leave. 12．He cares so little about his meals that will do so long as it fills his stomach. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1．Either you or one of your students (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 2．Either you or I (be) going to the teachers’ office after class. 3．Either you or the headmaster (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting. 4．There (be) a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away. 5．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of agricultural land (be) being washed away each year. 6．Nowadays, a large quantity of cookers on the market (guarantee) for three years at least. 7．Each teacher and each scientist (be) invited to take part in the conference. 8．Many a student (realize) the importance of learning a foreign language. 9．Over 70 percent of the population in this province (be) farmers.   10．Listening to loud music at rock concerts (have) caused hearing loss among some teenagers. 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 语法填空 1．（2025年新课标Ⅰ卷）A decent winner always ________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 2.（2025年新课标Ⅱ卷）The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ________ (be) one of them. 3.(2025年1月浙江卷)The concept _____ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. 4.(2025年北京卷) Usually, better outcomes _______ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 5. (2024年北京卷) When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 　　　　　(give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 6. (2024年北京卷) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 　　　　　(name) the world􀆳s oldest living man. 7.(2024•浙江1月高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 8.(2024·全国高考甲卷)They 　　　　　(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.  9.(2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 　　　　　(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, 10.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58.　　　　　(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. 11.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 61.　　　　　(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  12.(2023年北京卷) Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 13.(2023∙全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 14.(2023∙浙江1月卷) Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 6 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 主谓一致（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考I卷 主谓一致 【考向透视】 1.聚焦主谓一致运用：重点考查意义一致，语法一致,就近一致原则。 2.重视特殊结构：there be的结构，倒装句和强调句的主谓一致的原则。 3.结合语境考查：在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的单复数形式与特殊句式的应用往往是解题的关键。 4.与其他语法综合：常与there be的句型、倒装句、强调句结合考查，学生需准确区分主语单复数形式与谓语动词的匹配用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法：牢记主谓一致的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断主语是单复数，明确其谓语动词和主语匹配。 2.突破难点易错点：攻克there be， 倒装句中的主语的的辨析，强调句的中主谓一致原则。 3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写谓语动词，提高语法填空的准确率。 4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用主谓一致，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。 新高考II卷 主谓一致 浙江卷 主谓一致 北京卷 主谓一致 2024 北京卷 主谓一致 新高考I卷 主谓一致 新高考II卷 主谓一致 浙江卷 主谓一致 全国甲卷 主谓一致 2023 北京卷 主谓一致 全国乙卷 主谓一致 浙江卷 主谓一致 ( 主谓一致 ) 知识点01 语法一致 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式。 1．不定代词one，every，each，everybody，everyone，one of，no one，nothing，nobody，someone，somebody，either，neither等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 Each of them has a new dress .他们每一个人都有一本新裙子。 2．由and或both...and...连接起来的成分作主语时，一般要用复数形式的谓语动词。 Both his son and daughter are teachers.他的儿子和女儿都是老师。 3．主语为名词单数或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but (除了)，like(像)，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than，besides，including等词汇，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 Air as well as water is matter.空气和水都是物质。 The teacher, together with many students, is playing basketball in the playground.这位老师和很多学生一起在操场上打篮球。 4．不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Reading often means learning.阅读常意味着学习。（动名词作主语） To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨大声朗读英语对你有许多好处。（动词不定式作主语） How he came to this city is a story of struggle and success. 他如何来到这个城市是一个充满奋斗和成功的故事。（名词性从句作主语） 5．由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。 What I need is time.我所需要的是时间。 6．在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数应与句中先行词保持一致。Professor Baker, who has been devoted to the research of wild animals all his life, is supposed to give a speech in our school next week. 贝克教授一生都致力于野生动物的研究，下周他将在我们学校发表演讲。 7．none作主语，指代可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。 None of the students is/are interested in this book.没有学生对这本书感兴趣。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如：What I bought were three English books. 我买了三本英语书。 2. 若and连接的两个主语指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。A knife and fork is on the desk.桌子上有一副刀叉。The writer and doctor is speaking at the meeting.这位作家兼医生正在会上发言。 若and连接的两个并列主语前有each、every、no修饰，谓语动词用单数形式。Every student and every teacher was in the room.每一位学生和老师都在教室里。No boy and no girl likes it.没有男孩和女孩喜欢它。 3. 在口语中，当either或neither后跟“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数形式。Neither of them has/have a car. 他们两个都没有汽车。 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式；若它后面的名词是复数，谓语动词用单数或复数形式都可以。None of us is/are entirely blameless in this matter.在这件事上我们没有一个人是完全没有责任的。 4. 在定语从句中，在the only one of...后面，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 He is one of my friends who are from a foreign country. 他是我的外国朋友之一。 He is the only one of my friends who is from a foreign country. 他是我唯一的外国朋友。 5．“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，真正的主语是number (数目)，故谓语动词用单数；“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，真正的主语则是of后的复数名词，故谓语动词用复数形式。 A number of apples are red.许多苹果是红色的。 The number of students is 2,000.学生的数量是2 000。 6．quantities of与amounts of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Quantities of food were on the table.桌子上有许多食品。 Great amounts of coal have been sent there.大量的煤被送到了那儿。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．Not knowing where I’m going (be) what inspires me to travel. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不知道我要去往何处正是激励我去旅行的原因。句子描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，“Not knowing where I’m going”是动名词短语作主语，be动词用单数形式is。故填is。 2．Reading English novels for 30 minutes every morning (help) improve vocabulary and reading comprehension effectively. 【答案】helps 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每天早上读30分钟英语小说能有效地帮助提高词汇量和阅读理解能力。空处作谓语，主语Reading English novels for 30 minutes every morning，为动名词短语，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式；结合语境“every morning”，句子描述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时。故填helps。 3．About seven-tenths of the earth (be) covered by the ocean. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：大约70%的地球（表面）被海洋覆盖。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；百分数或分数修饰名词作主语时，谓语的单复数由名词确定，本句由earth确定，此处earth指“地球”这一整体概念，不可数，故谓语动词用单数形式，be用is。故填is。 4．Never losing heart (be) one of the qualities to become a great professional athlete. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：永不灰心是成为一名优秀职业运动员所需的品质之一。分析句子结构可知，此处为句子的谓语动词，主语“Never losing heart”是动名词短语（动名词短语作主语时，视为单数概念）；句子描述的是客观事实，因此时态用一般现在时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式is。故填is。 二、完成句子 5．离开房间就随手关灯，结果证明是节约能源的有效方式。 Turning off lights when leaving rooms a meaningful way to save energy. 【答案】proves to be 【详解】考查动词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“结果证明是”，“结果证明”可用动词短语prove to do，“是”用be动词，时态用一般现在时，描述通常的情况，单个动名词作主语，prove需用第三人称单数形式。故填proves to be。 6．The truth is that everyone is not attaching great importance to time management. →The truth is that is attaching great importance to time management. 【答案】not everyone 【详解】考查部分否定。句意：事实是，并非每个人都重视时间管理。原句“The truth is that everyone is not attaching great importance to time management.”中的“everyone is not”是一个部分否定的结构，表示“并非每个人都”。在英语中，当all, every, both, each等表示全体意义的词与否定词not连用时，通常表示部分否定，即“不是所有的都……”。所以本句中可以将everyone is not转换为not everyone，意思仍然是“并非每个人都”。故填not everyone。 知识点02 意义一致 意义一致原则是指有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义也用单数形式。 1．若由and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物，后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式；由and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如bread and butter (抹黄油的面包), knife and fork (刀叉)等作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。 The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。(两样物) A knife and fork lies on the table.桌子上有一副刀叉。(一个整体) 2．若由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no，each，every，more than a(n)，many a(n)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 Every student and every teacher was in the room.每个学生和老师都在房间里。 No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.没有老师也没有学生缺席会议。 3．如果集体名词如family，public，club，crew，group，audience等指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式；people，police，cattle，military等集体名词一般都用作复数。 Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。 Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班无法就班长人选达成一致意见。 The police are looking for the lost child.警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。 4．由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of＋名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的单复数要根据短语中后面名词的单复数而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom.教室里有很多人。 5．表示时间、重量、数目、价格、长度等的词或词组作主语时，尽管它们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或词组看作一个整体，谓语动词就用单数形式。 Three thousand yuan is quite a lot of money for a middle school student. 对于一名中学生来说，三千块钱是一大笔钱。 Two hours is a short time when you are enjoying a fascinating movie. 当你在欣赏一部非常好的电影时, 两小时是很短的时间。 6．有些形复意单的名词如news；以­ics结尾的学科名称如physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如the United States; 报纸名如The New York Times; 书名如Arabian Nights; 以及the United Nations等虽以复数形式出现，实际意义为单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Politics is often a topic for discussion among us. 政治常常是我们讨论的话题。 The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 床底下的那双鞋是他的。 7．若主语中有表示数量的短语more than one或many a(n)，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数；但“more＋名词复数＋than one”作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数形式；“one＋名词单数＋and a half”作主语时，其谓语动词采用单数形式；“one or two＋复数名词”作主语时， 谓语动词用复数形式；“a＋名词单数＋or two”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a boy likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。 More than one student was late.不止一个学生迟到。 One banana and a half was left on the table.桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。 One or two places have been visited.参观了一两个地点。 A word or two is missing here.这里缺一两个词。 8．算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常看作单数，其谓语动词采用单数形式；数学算式中要是用and或plus表示“加”，用times表示“乘以”，则谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。 Twelve plus eight is/are twenty.12加8等于20。 Ten times zero is/are zero.10乘以0等于0。 Two and two is/are four.2加2等于4。 9．trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但如果这些名词前有a/the pair/kind/sort/type of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。 A pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有一副眼镜。 10．“定冠词the＋形容词或分词”表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；但当它表示的是一个抽象概念时，则用单数形式。 The wounded are treated well.伤员得到了很好的治疗。 The beautiful is loved by all.美好的事物人人爱。 11．名词性物主代词mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于该动词后面名词的单复数，动词后面的名词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；动词后面的名词为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 His is a new bike.他的是一辆新自行车。 His are some old books.他的是一些旧书。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. population作主语时，谓语动词用单数；若population被分数、百分数修饰，谓语动词常用复数形式。 The population continues to increase.人口继续增长。 40% of the population in this area are suffering from the heavy rain.这个地区40%的人遭受了这次暴雨的侵袭。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．These means of travel (be) popular among the young people. 【答案】are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这些旅行方式很受年轻人欢迎。主语“These means”中，“means”是单复数同形的名词，此处被“These”（这些）修饰，表复数概念；句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，因此be动词用are。故填are。 2．Doctors and nurses looked after the (injure) carefully. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查形容词。句意：医生和护士细心地照顾伤员。此处为“the+adj.”指代一类人的用法，表示“伤员”用the injured，作looked after宾语，injured“受伤的”。故填injured。 3．While we may change friends, the number of people we can keep in touch with (stay) the same in a certain time. 【答案】stays 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然我们可能会更换朋友，但在特定时间内，我们能保持联系的人数是不变的。分析句子结构可知，此空考查谓语动词，主句描述“能保持联系的人数不变”这一客观规律，需用一般现在时；主句主语是“the number of people”（……的数量），中心词number为单数，根据“主谓一致”原则，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填stays。 4．Seven people out of ten(=in ten) (have) received middle school education. 【答案】have 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：十个人中有七个人接受过中学教育。分析句子可知，主语“Seven people out of ten”表示“十人中的七人”，核心词为“people”，是复数概念，且句子为现在完成时，助动词用have，符合语境。故填have。 二、完成句子 5．The doctors and nurses are busy (照顾伤员). 【答案】tending (to) the injured 【详解】考查动词短语和固定结构。句意：医生和护士正忙着照料伤员。“照顾”使用动词tend或短语tend to，“伤员”使用“the+形容词”结构，表示一类人，译为the injured，be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”，空处使用动名词形式，故填tending (to) the injured。 6．My brother and I (有很多共同之处). We both have a deep appreciation for nature and enjoy spending time outdoors. 【答案】 have a lot in common 【详解】考查固定短语、时态及主谓一致。句意：我哥哥和我有很多共同之处。我们都非常欣赏大自然，喜欢在户外度过时光。根据汉语提示“有很多共同之处”以及空格数量可知，此处应使用固定短语“have a lot in common”；根据后句的“both have”可知，句子时态为一般现在时；主语“My brother and I”为复数，所以动词用原形。故填①have；②a；③lot；④in；⑤common。 知识点03 就近一致 就近一致原则是指谓语动词的人称和单复数常常与最靠近的作主语的词语保持一致。 1．当两个主语由or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，not...but连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher contributes money to our school.不仅学生为我们学校捐了款而且这位老师也捐了款。 Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.他和他的家人都不知道这件事。 Either she or I am right.不是她对就是我对。 2．以there，here引起的表示存在的句子，而主语又不止一个时，谓语动词应按照就近一致原则。 Here are some books you may be interested in.这里有一些你可能感兴趣的书。 There is an air­conditioner and two computers in his office.在他的办公室里有一个空调和两台电脑。 【即时检测】 1．Look.There (be) a pair of shoes, a box of apples and some drinks under the table. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：看，桌子下面有一双鞋，一盒苹果和一些饮料。此处为there be句型，表示“存在，有”，句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。根据主谓一致的就近原则，a pair of shoes为单数名词，be动词应为is。故填is。 2．There (be) a little milk in the glass. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：杯子里有一点牛奶。分析句子可知，“milk”是不可数名词，尽管句中有“a little”（一点）修饰，仍视为单数概念，因此be动词用“is”，符合“there be 句型中谓语动词与就近主语保持一致”的语法规则。故填is。 3．There are (clinic), schools and other services in this community. 【答案】clinics 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这个社区有诊所、学校和其他服务机构。此句为there be句型，“________(clinic), schools and other services”作主语，谓语动词用就近原则，由are可知，空处应用名词clinic的复数形式clinics。故填clinics。 4．Either you or he (have) lunch at school. 【答案】has 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：要么你，要么他在学校吃午饭。分析句子可知，在英语中，“either...or...”（要么…… 要么……）连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要遵循“就近原则”，即与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致。本句中，靠近谓语动词的主语是“he”（第三人称单数），因此谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式“has”，结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时。故填has。 二、完成句子 5．Hockey pucks are flat and round. (改为否定句) Hockey pucks are flat round. 【答案】 neither nor 【详解】考查句型转换。句意：冰球是扁且圆的。原句是肯定句，要改为否定句表达“冰球既不扁也不圆”，应用“neither... nor...”的固定结构，意为“既不……也不……”，完整句子是Hockey pucks are neither flat nor round. (冰球既不扁也不圆)。故填①neither; ②nor。 6．The teacher is not content with the result. The students are not content with the result. (句型转换) → the result. 【答案】Neither the teacher nor the students are content with 【详解】考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意：老师和学生对结果都不满意。表示“既不……也不……”使用neither...nor...连接并列主语，即neither the teacher nor the students，谓语部分遵循“就近原则”，和the students保持一致，句子是一般现在时，be动词使用are。故填Neither the teacher nor the students are content with。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1．并列主语的主谓一致 (1)两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 Steam and ice are different forms of water. 蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。 (2)两个单数名词用and 连接，表示同一人，同一物或同一概念时谓语动词用单数。 The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room. 那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。 (3)两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，many a等修饰限定时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。 Every man and every woman is at work. 所有人都在工作。 2．主语后有with，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including，rather than，besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。 Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory. 只有一名教师和三名学生在实验室里。 3．某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。 Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school. 在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体) His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad. 他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体) (2)由两部分构成的表示物体的名词如：trousers，pants，jeans，shoes，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of/two pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。 These trousers need washing. 这些裤子需要洗。 This pair of trousers is hers. 这条裤子是她的。 4．数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。 About three fourths of the surface of the Earth is water.地球表面大约四分之三是水。 About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls. 我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。 (2)由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。 A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend. 讲师之间一系列的辩论被安排在下周末。 (3)a number of(许多)，a variety of(各种各样的)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。但是the number of(……的数目)和the variety of(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 A number of students are from the south. 许多学生来自南方。 The number of students from the south is large. 来自南方的学生人数很多。 5．“one of＋可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the (only) one of＋可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written in French. 这是其中一本用法语写的书。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. 他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Not only the students but also their head teacher ________ several national awards since last year. A．has won B．have won C．had won D．wins 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：不仅学生们，就连他们的班主任也自去年以来获得了多个国家级奖项。句中since last year为现在完成时时间标志；not only...but also...的主谓一致符合“就近原则”，最近的主语head teacher为第三人称单数，故助动词用has。故选A。 2．Not only I but also Danny ________ a frog in our throats. A．are having B．have C．has D．having 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅是我，丹尼也觉得喉咙不舒服。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词需遵循“就近原则”，即与靠近谓语的主语保持一致。在本句中，与Danny一致，所以谓语动词应用have“有”的第三人称单数形式has。故选C。 3．Neither my sister nor I ________ been to Xi’an before. A．have never B．have ever C．has ever 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和副词用法。句意：我姐姐和我以前都从未去过西安。句中使用“neither...nor...”结构，遵循“就近原则”，谓语动词的单复数形式与靠近它的主语“I”保持一致，助动词为“have”；“neither”本身已表否定，不能再与“never”连用，需用“ever”（曾经），构成“have ever been to”结构。故选B项。 4．Not only grandpa but also all of us _________ looking forward to meeting my uncle. A．am B．is C．are D．be 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅爷爷，我们所有人都期待见到我叔叔。not only... but also... 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的选择应遵循“就近原则”。就近的主语是all of us，为复数形式，所以be动词用are。故选 C。 5．The great number of people ________ in the drought ________  reached over ten thousand. A．affecting; has B．affected; has C．affecting; have D．affected; have 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句意：此次旱灾所影响的人数已超过一万人。第一空affect与people构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语；第二空主语为The great number of people，助动词用has。故选B。 6．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake ________ more than 400,000. A．was B．is C．were D．are 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在地震中遇难或受重伤的人数超过了40万。分析句子结构和语境可知，“who were killed or badly injured”为使用了一般过去时的定语从句，表明句子描述的是过去地震中的情况，主句时态需保持一致，也应用一般过去时；主语为“the number of people”，意为“……的人数”，当“the number of + 复数名词/集合名词”作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式，强调数量这个整体。故选A项。 7．Thousands of people are still ________ and the number of deaths ________ to grow even higher over the next few days. A．missing, are expected B．missing, are expecting C．missed, is expected D．missing, is expected 【答案】D 【详解】考查形容词和主谓一致。句意：仍有数千人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还会进一步上升。结合句意，第一空处用形容词missing作表语，意为“失踪的，下落不明的”，表明主语Thousands of people的状态；第二空处expect(预计)作谓语，和主语the number of deaths之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，即is expected。故选D项。 8．The number of people invited________ 50, but a number of them________ absent. A．was; was B．was; were C．were; was D．were; were 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：被邀请的人数是50人，但他们中的许多人缺席了。“The number of+名词”作主语时，表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式，所以第一个空填was；“a number of+名词”作主语时，表示“许多……”，谓语动词用复数形式，所以第二个空填were。故选B。 9．Buying flowers and sending them to my mother ________ a way to express my love on Mother’s Day. A．are B．is C．has D．have 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：在母亲节买花送给妈妈是表达我对妈妈的爱的一种方式。A. are是(用于复数名词或you作主语的句子)；B. is是(be动词的第三人称单数)；C. has有(have的第三人称单数)；D. have有。本句主语为“Buying flowers and sending them to my mother”，视为一个整体，表示单一的行为（“买花送妈妈” 这一完整动作），谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，且此处表示“是……”，应用be动词is。故选B。 10．A survey carried out last year showed that 90% of the aged ________ in support of that idea. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致与动词时态。句意：去年进行的一项调查显示，90%的老年人支持那个想法。主语“90% of the aged”中，“the aged”表示“老年人”这一群体，为复数概念，谓语动词需用复数形式，结合时间状语“last year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，“are”的过去式为were。故选D项。 11．— Which would you like, tea or coffee? — Either ________ OK, but I prefer coffee ________ milk. A．is, to B．are, with C．is, with D．are, to 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致和介词辨析。句意：——你想要茶还是咖啡？——两者任何一个都可以，但是我更喜欢加牛奶的咖啡。either意为“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以第一空用is；prefer...to...意为“比起……更喜欢……”，prefer...with...意为“更喜欢有……的……”，根据句意“我更喜欢加牛奶的咖啡”可知，第二空用with。故选C项。 12．It is the first time that more than one ancient painting ______ to the public outside the museum. A．are displayed B．has been displayed C．have been displayed D．is displayed 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这是首次在博物馆外向公众展出多幅古画。句中使用固定句型“It is the first time that...”，that引导的从句需用现在完成时；主语“more than one ancient painting”与“display”是被动关系，所以此处为现在完成时的被动语态，more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，所以谓语动词为has been displayed。故选B项。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1．The girl not only likes singing, also draws well. 【答案】but 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这个女孩不仅喜欢唱歌，而且画画也很好。“not only...but also...”是固定并列结构，意为“不仅……而且……”，此处用于连接两个并列的谓语成分“likes singing”和“draws well”。故填but。 2．Not only Tom but also I (see) the new movie tomorrow. 【答案】am going to see/will see 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：除了汤姆，我明天也要去看这部新电影。根据时间状语tomorrow可知，此处为一般将来时，可用will+动词原形结构，或be going to do sth结构；not only… but also…连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，此处应与I保持人称和数的一致。故填am going to see/will see。 3．Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, (be) not able to solve the problem now. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不仅你和我，还有我们年级的尖子生彼得，现在都解不出这道题。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语动词，“not only...but also...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与离其最近的主语保持一致，此处离谓语最近的主语是Peter，为第三人称单数，且根据now可知应用一般现在时。故填is。 4．The director said that not only the animals but also the jungle (be) digitally created. 【答案】was 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：导演说，不仅是动物，整个丛林也都是数码制作的。根据句子结构可知，主句的谓语动词said为动词过去式，所以设空处应用动词过去式；从句主语是由“not only … but also …”连接，谓语动词的单复数要与邻近的主语一致，jungle是单数形式。故填was。 5．The (injure) in the accident were taken to the hospital when I got there. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我到那里时，事故中的伤者已经被送进了医院。“the + 形容词”表示一类人。the injured受伤的人，在此句中作主语。故填injured。 6．A large quantity of books (donate) to the rural school last month. 【答案】were donated 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：上个月，大量的书被捐赠给了那所农村学校。空处作句子的谓语，根据“last month”可知，句子在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，donate“捐赠”和主语A large quantity of books之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且“a large quantity of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。故填were donated。 7．Every boy and every girl (wish) to attend the English Evening to be held on Saturday. 【答案】wishes 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周六举行的英语晚会。当“every + 单数名词 + and + every + 单数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式。本句中“Every boy and every girl”作为主语，谓语动词用单数，结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时，因此“wish”应使用第三人称单数形式“wishes”。故填wishes。 8．The singer and dancer (be) to attend our evening party. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这位歌手兼舞者将要参加我们的晚会。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The singer and dancer表示的是同一个人（既是歌手又是舞者），为第三人称单数概念，因此be动词用is。故填is。 9．Many a college student (be) sent to the poor area to help the children there last month. 【答案】was 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：上个月，许多大学生被派往贫困地区帮助那里的孩子。句中时间状语last month表明动作发生在过去，故谓语应用一般过去时。主语是Many a college student，“many a + 单数可数名词”形式上为单数，其谓语动词需用单数形式 (意义上表示复数，许多...)。故填was。 10．Littering in rivers and lakes (do) great harm to the ecosystem. 【答案】does 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：向河流和湖泊中乱扔垃圾对生态系统危害极大。句子描述的是客观事实，需用一般现在时态，主语是动名词短语Littering in rivers and lakes，所以空处需用第三人称单数形式does。故填does。 11．—Is here? —No, Tom and John have asked for leave. 【答案】everyone 【详解】考查不定代词。句意：——所有人都在这儿吗？——不，汤姆和约翰请假了。根据答句“No, Tom and John have asked for leave. ”可知，问句是在询问“所有人是否都在”，everyone意为“每个人；所有人”。故填everyone。 12．He cares so little about his meals that will do so long as it fills his stomach. 【答案】anything 【详解】考查不定代词。句意：他对饮食毫不在意，只要能填饱肚子，任何东西都行。根据前文“He cares so little about his meals (他对饮食毫不在意)”可知，此处表示“任何东西”都可以，应用不定代词anything。故填anything。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1．Either you or one of your students (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：要么你，要么你的一个学生要参加明天的会议。either...or...连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词需遵循“就近原则”，即与离谓语动词最近的主语保持一致。本句中离谓语动词较近的主语是one of your students，为单数形式，且根据“that is due tomorrow”可知，句子描述的是将来的情况，be to do结构表示按照计划或安排将要发生的事情，所以be动词用is。故填is。 2．Either you or I (be) going to the teachers’ office after class. 【答案】am 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：下课后，要么你要么我去老师办公室。在either…or…结构中，谓语动词的数由最靠近的主语决定。表示将来，be going to结构中，be需用其第一人称单数形式am。故填am。 3．Either you or the headmaster (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：要么是你，要么是校长将在会议上向那些有天赋的学生颁发奖品。结合句意，此处表示客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，根据“either...or...”意为“要么……要么……”连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”可知，此处靠近谓语的主语是“the headmaster”为第三人称单数，所以be动词用is。故填is。 4．There (be) a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：你的桌子上有一本词典和一些书。请把它们收起来。句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时；there be句型中，有多个主语时，be动词与靠近的主语保持一致，该句中与a dictionary保持一致，用单数形式。故填is。 5．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of agricultural land (be) being washed away each year. 【答案】are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：随着更多森林被破坏，每年都有大量的农田被冲走。“quantities of +名词”作主语时，无论其后接可数名词复数还是不可数名词，谓语动词的形式都用复数形式，此处“huge quantities of agricultural land”作主语，be动词用are与空后的being washed away构成现在进行时的被动语态作谓语。故填are。 6．Nowadays, a large quantity of cookers on the market (guarantee) for three years at least. 【答案】is guaranteed 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：如今，市场上大量的炊具至少保修三年。设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词，结合时间状语Nowadays可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语a large quantity of cookers和guarantee之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语动词的数与quantity保持一致，用单数形式。故填is guaranteed。 7．Each teacher and each scientist (be) invited to take part in the conference. 【答案】was 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每位老师和每位科学家都被邀请参加会议。句子描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时，“each...and each...”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，be动词使用was，与空后的invited构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填was。 8．Many a student (realize) the importance of learning a foreign language. 【答案】has realized 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：许多学生都意识到了学习一门外语的重要性。空格处是谓语动词，句子强调一种影响或结果应该用现在完成时；“many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has realized。 9．Over 70 percent of the population in this province (be) farmers.   【答案】are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这个省超过70%的人口是农民。描述一般事实用一般现在时。“百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于其中的名词，通常population如果指具体的人，谓语动词用复数，如果强调人口的整体概念，谓语动词用单数；在本句中，population指的是具体的人，即超过70%的“人”是农民，所以谓语动词要用复数形式。故填are。 10．Listening to loud music at rock concerts (have) caused hearing loss among some teenagers. 【答案】has 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：在摇滚音乐会上听过于响亮的音乐导致了一些青少年出现了听力损伤的情况。主语Listening to loud music at rock concerts为动名词，谓语用三单形式。此处用助动词has和caused构成现在完成时。故填has。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 语法填空 1．（2025年新课标Ⅰ卷）A decent winner always ________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 【答案】 tries 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 2.（2025年新课标Ⅱ卷）The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ________ (be) one of them. 【答案】 is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 3.(2025年1月浙江卷)The concept _____ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. 【答案】 is 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语为单数“concept”，描述一个广泛事实，应用一般现在时，故填is。 4.(2025年北京卷) Usually, better outcomes _______ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【答案】 are achieved 【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语Usually可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 5. (2024年北京卷) When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 　　　　　(give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【答案】 gives 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这有助于我们找到生活中的重要方面,并给予我们做出正确选择的机会。分析句子结构可知, “helps” 与空格处是由and 连接的并列谓语动词,时态应保持一致,故此处应用一般现在时;且此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句中的谓语,which 指代 “When. . . emotions”,因此,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填gives。 【易错分析】此处识别and的并列结构时,如果只分析句子的成分和结构,考生有可能会误认为identify与give并列;但结合上下文语境可知,and连接的是 “helps” 和 “gives”。 6. (2024年北京卷) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 　　　　　(name) the world􀆳s oldest living man. 【答案】 was named 【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处用作谓语;根据时间状语 “On April 5, 2024” 可知,描述的是过去发生的事,用一般过去时;主语 “John Tinniswood” 与动词name之间构成被动关系,用被动语态;且主语为第三人称单数,be动词应用 was。故填 was named。 7.(2024•浙江1月高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】 have started 【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 8.(2024·全国高考甲卷)They 　　　　　(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.  【答案】 were 【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据本句后面had spent可知,这里描述的是过去的情况,主语是They,谓语动词用复数形式,因此填were。句意:他们是一个由15名成员组成的探险队的一部分,该探险队花了近五个星期的时间见证了那里的自然美景。 9.(2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 　　　　　(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, 【答案】 walks 【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语。根据上下文语境可知,此处用一般现在时。句子主语是the Silk Route Garden ,是单数形式,所以谓语用第三人称单数。故填walks。 10.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58.　　　　　(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. 【答案】 were 【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作句子的谓语,主语为“Some of the things”,是复数概念,且根据上下文语境可知,空处应用一般过去时。故填were。 11.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 61.　　　　　(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  【答案】 was built 【详解】分析句子结构可知,主语为pavilion,是单数形式,空处作句子的谓语,pavilion与build之间为被动关系。这里描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。 12.(2023年北京卷) Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】 has established 【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 13.(2023∙全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】 was amazed 【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 14.(2023∙浙江1月卷) Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 【答案】 were permitted 【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。 18 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $