Unit 2 Amazing China 现在完成时（2）（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

Unit 2 Amazing China 核心语法精练（现在完成时） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 9 三、完成句子 10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型一 语法填空 12 题型二 阅读理解 15 1、 have been to,have gone to 1.have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回）。 have/has been to someplace表示“到过/去过某处”,指曾经去过某处,但现在人不在那儿。它讲的是过去的情况，强调去过，侧重于到目前为止的一个结果，是对过去经历的一种回忆。后面可以接次数，如once,twice,three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可以和just,never,ever,before等连用。 Have you ever been to Nanjing? 你曾经去过南京吗? 2.have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。） have/ has gone to someplace表示“去了某处”，可能正在去某地的途中，也可能已经在某地，强调某人不在这儿，还没有回来。当地点用副词表示时要省略介词to。 它一般只用于第三人称，不用于第一或第二人称，不能用来代替have/has been to。 如: 1）—Is your mother in? 你母亲在家吗? —No. She has gone to work.不。她上班去了 2）—Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪儿? —He has gone to the library. He will be back in a minute. 他去图书馆了。他一会儿就回来。 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。 1 .for+时间段。表示“有（多长）一段时间了”。如： I have studied English for five years. 我学英语已有五年了。 2 since+时间点。表示“自从……以来”。 (1) since+过去一个时间点。如： 　 I have lived here since 2003. 我自从2003年以来就一直住这儿。 (2) since+时间段+ago。如： She has stayed in Guangzhou since three months ago. 她自三个月前就一直待在广州。 (3) since+从句（一般过去时）。如： Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city. 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 (4) It is+时间段+since+从句（一般过去时）。如： It is 13 years since I began to live here. 我住这儿已有13年了。 2、 延续性动词和短暂性动词的用法 英语中的动词，根据所表示的动作是否能够延续，分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。 1)延续性动词：work, stand, know, keep, have, wait, sleep, sing, live, walk, read, watch… 2)瞬间性动词：die, arrive, close, become, come, fall, leave, go, buy, borrow, lend, begin, start, join… 注：瞬间性动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，要把动词或者时间状语做适当调整，句子才能合理。如： The old man died three years ago. The old man has been dead for three years. 3)常见的瞬间性动词后接一段时间时，须进行如下转换 转化原则： ① 短暂性动词→延续性动词： buy 买→have 有　 borrow 借→keep 保留 ② 短暂性动词→be+名词： join 参加→ be a member of 成为…的成员 ③ 短暂性动词→be+形容词： finish 结束→be over 结束 begin 开始→be on 在上映/已开始 ④ 短暂性动词→be+介词短语： go to school去上学→be in school在上学 join the army参军→be in the army在军队中 附表 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep come/go be here leave be away （from） open/close be open/be closed begin/start be on end/finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold become interested in be interested in get married be married put on wear get up be up wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep join be in = be a member of leave be away from get to/arrive in(at) /reach be 一、单项选择 1．The Two Sessions (两会) ________ for more than four years, but people are still discussing some topics such as “Double Reduction” policy (双减政策). A．have started B．have ended C．have been over D．have been ended 2．There ________ a new park near our community since last year. Many people go there to exercise. A．is B．was C．has been D．have been 3．She ________ to learn English songs for half a year. Now she can sing many English songs well. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．will learn 4．The old man ________ for three years. A．has died B．died C．has been dead D．was dead 5．He ________ in this school for 5 years. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．will work 6．Hefei ________ a lot since the subway came into use. A．is changing B．has changed C．changed D．changes 7．I ______ much exercise since I got my computer last year. A．didn’t do B．haven’t done C．won’t do D．am not doing 8．________ in the city for ten years, he knows every corner well. A．Living B．Having lived C．Lived D．To live 9．He ________ his bike since last year. A．has had B．have had C．had D．has 10．She __________ her opinion on beauty since joining the club. A．changes B．changed C．has changed D．will change 11．—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ________ back to America. He ________ for a couple of weeks. A．went; has left B．has gone; has left C．has gone; has been away D．went; has been away 12．—Where is Mike’s family? I haven’t seen them these days. —Everyone in his family except grandparents ________ Wuxi for the holiday and they ________ there for a week. A．has gone to, has been in B．have gone to, has been to C．has gone to, has been D．has gone to, have been 13．—________ you ever ________ to Beijing? —Yes, twice. A．Have; gone B．Have; been C．Did; go D．Will; go 14．Astronauts ________ to the moon many times, and they have sent many photos back to the earth. A．have gone B．have been C．went D．will go 15．She ________ there many times and always enjoys life there. A．has been B．has gone C．hasn’t been D．hasn’t gone 16．—Hello, This is Lily speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry. He ________ Shanghai. A．has been to B．went to C．has gone to D．goes to 17．—Jenny, when did you move here? —I ________ here for three years. A．lived B．moved C．have moved D．have lived 18．― Hurry up! We are late for the movie. ― It doesn’t matter. The movie ________ for only a few minutes. A．has begun B．has been on C．began D．was on 19．—What a cute dog! —I like it too. I bought it in the pet shop, and I ________ it for ten days. A．have bought B．have missed C．have chosen D．have had 20．— How happy your grandparents are! — Yes, they _________ for fifty years. A．have married B．have been married C．have got married D．married 二、单词拼写 1．The movie (begin) for over ten minutes. 2．My grandparents have been (marry) for sixty years. 3．Mr. Sun Zhongshan has been for 100 years. (die) 4．The clothes shop and the shoe shop (open) for three years. 5．Since September, Tom and I (build) a strong friendship by working together on science projects. 6．My father (work) in this factory since 2018. In these years, he has witnessed (目睹) the changes of the factory. 7．The girl (learn) drawing since she was five years old. 8．Miss Lin (teach) us English since she came to this school. 9．I (be) to Beijing twice. It’s a beautiful city with a long history. 10．—Where’s Tommy? —He has (go) to the city library with friends. He’ll be back this afternoon. 三、完成句子 1．我和我的家人已经去过上海很多次了。我们很喜欢那座城市。 My family and I Shanghai many times. We love that city. 2．汤姆去看医生了，因为他发烧了。 Tom the doctor’s because he has a fever. 3．He has been like this for two days.(对画线部分提问) has he been like this? 4．Lao She’s Teahouse is on stage. (用for many years改写句子) Lao She’s Teahouse stage for many years. 5．丹尼尔已经离开徐州五年了。 Daniel Xuzhou for five years. 6．Mr. Green borrowed the book two weeks ago.（改为同义句） Mr. Green the book for two weeks 7．Lily bought the pen two months ago. (改为同义句) Lily the pen for two months. 8．自从我上小学以来，我就一直和李明是好朋友。 I good friends with Li Ming since I was in primary school. 9．我已经在中国学习了三年。 I in China for three years. 10．He has lived in Beijing for three years.  (对划线部分提问) has he for three years? 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式（每空不多于3个单词）。 Do you enjoy travelling, or do you like to stay at home? Some people go on holiday in their own country, and spend time 1 beaches. They think travelling is one of 2 (relax) ways. Some young people love to travel all 3 time. They give up normal lives and take risks in mountains, rainforests and other 4 (amaze) places. If they don’t have enough money, they will 5 (simple) find work in restaurants or teach English. In fact, 6 they can get much money or not, they don’t care. They only want to enjoy 7 (they) lives and have the experience of travelling. Since several years ago, travelling 8 (be) popular with older people, too. Travelling also allows them to take breaks from work. So why do people love travelling so much? If you’re travelling alone, it’s a great way 9 (meet) new and interesting people. You can learn about different cultures and eat new food. More than anything, travelling always brings you some sweet 10 (memory). These will be your treasure forever. 阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nowadays, more and more people enjoy travelling abroad. But when travelling in a strange country, safety is one of the 1 (important) things you have to consider. According to 2 interesting safety report, China is seen as one of the safest places in the world. In the new Travel Risk Map, China is listed as the fourth most popular travelling country. That means you may 3 (complete) have no worry about your safety when travelling in China, whether you are Chinese or foreigners. The UNWTO says China has 4 (be) among the best places for 5 (tour) to take a vacation around the world, with more than sixty million trips made by people from other countries and areas last year. Maria, a 24-year-old 6 (India) girl, said she was satisfied with China’s order and safety. And she thought it was much 7 (safe) to travel in China than in the United States or Turkey. She explained that she didn’t worry 8 getting into trouble in Beijing, as she saw lots of police officers in cars and security workers in subways keep order. All these people made her feel safe and comfortable while she was travelling around Beijing. China is now more powerful 9 there are more people from all over the world coming to China. We feel really happy 10 (see) this happen and we’re working hard to build a more prosperous (富强的) country in the near future. 题型二 阅读理解 People can travel without much money by staying in other people’s house. Sometimes the travelers may sleep for a few nights on other people’s couch (沙发) for free. This way of travelling is called couch surfing. Couch Surfing.org is an organization that connects travelers all around the world. Members of it can find a place to stay when they travel or share their homes and hometowns with travelers from other places. In this way strangers can help strangers in order to make the world a better place. The organization has millions of members in 238 different countries and it has changed the way of travel forever. Jamie from Australia has traveled in this way all over the world. “When I traveled before, I used to find a cheap hotel to save money, now I stay in really nice houses and apartments. But the best thing isn’t the free-living condition; it’s the people you meet. A couch surfing host will usually cook you a meal which helps break the ice. Then they’ll often introduce you to their friends and take you to the places they enjoy. Couch surfing allows you to experience a country and its culture.” Why do people agree to let a stranger sleep on their couch? Delphine, an experienced host from Paris, has an answer. “They say that money makes the world go round but I try to help people go round the world without much money!” She says with a smile. So far, she has received more than 100 travelers. “I enjoy meeting people from different cultures and I’ve made friends from all over the world,” says Delphine, who is also a professional cook. “And of course, I like sharing French food with them. Usually, my guests love trying it but I’ve had problems sometimes. Once I cooked roast lamb for a guest but unfortunately, when she got here, she told me she was only used to eating vegetables!” The idea of travelling for free has even been made into a TV series. Alex and Zsolt from the US set out without any money at all. They relied on social networking websites like Facebook and Twitter to ask for help. They say, “Wherever we went, we were always provided with food. All over the world, food is a common bond (纽带).” They travelled sixteen different countries and the results were turned into the TV show Around the World for free. 1．What can you know about couch surfing? A．It’s an organization that provides cheap hotels. B．It’s a way for people to make money with their couches. C．Travelers may travel with less money with strangers’ help. D．Travelers consider it the most important way to travel today. 2．Why does Delphine like being a couch surfing host? A．She is a professional French cook. B．She enjoys cooking for travelers. C．She expects to make more friends. D．She wants to help people go round the world. 3．Alex discovered that all over the world ________. A．food brings people together B．it’s not easy to travel without money C．people enjoy their free-living condition D．a host usually cooks a meal to break the ice 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell about the experiences of some couch surfers. B．To argue that couch surfing is better than hotel stays. C．To introduce couch surfing as a new way of accommodation. D．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of couch surfing. Today, many young people enjoy a new way of travelling called “special forces travel (特种兵式旅游)”. Zhao Chengnan is one of them. When her 22nd birthday was coming, she decided to celebrate it in a special way. She wanted to climb China’s five great mountains in five days. When Zhao was a middle school student, she had an interest in sports and started to ride bikes and climb mountains. So when she talked about climbing the five mountains, her family thought it was a good idea. On April 25, Zhao reached the top of Mount Hua after a four-hour climb. Then she took trains and buses, and even had a two-hour night climb on Mount Song. She then climbed Mount Tai in Shandong and Mount Heng in Shanxi. The most difficult part was climbing Mount Heng in Hunan. “It wasn’t difficult to climb, but I was really exhausted at that time,” Zhao said. She didn’t have enough time to sleep. After getting to the top of Mount Heng, she quickly got back to school. Zhao said planning the trip wasn’t an easy job, either. She needed to book (预订) tickets and leave enough time to rest before the next climb. However, she sounded pretty happy when she described the excitement of travelling under the stars, watching the amazing sunrise, and enjoying free winds at the top of the mountains. “The trip is also a gift for my mum, who brought me into this world and has been there for me all these years,” Zhao said. 1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．How Zhao finished her trip. B．Why Zhao started her trip. C．What Zhao thought of her trip. D．When Zhao finished climbing. 2．How long did it take Zhao to reach the top of Mount Hua? A．Two hours. B．Four hours. C．Six hours. D．Eight hours. 3．What does the underlined word “exhausted” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Excited. B．Bored. C．Tired. D．Worried. 4．What did Zhao think of her trip? A．Easy and interesting.B．Busy but relaxing.C．Terrible and boring. D．Hard but exciting. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．Climbing Mountains is Fun B．A Special Birthday Celebration C．A Wonderful Gift for Mum D．China’s Five Great Mountains 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Amazing China 核心语法精练（现在完成时） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 9 三、完成句子 10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型一 语法填空 12 题型二 阅读理解 15 1、 have been to,have gone to 1.have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回）。 have/has been to someplace表示“到过/去过某处”,指曾经去过某处,但现在人不在那儿。它讲的是过去的情况，强调去过，侧重于到目前为止的一个结果，是对过去经历的一种回忆。后面可以接次数，如once,twice,three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可以和just,never,ever,before等连用。 Have you ever been to Nanjing? 你曾经去过南京吗? 2.have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。） have/ has gone to someplace表示“去了某处”，可能正在去某地的途中，也可能已经在某地，强调某人不在这儿，还没有回来。当地点用副词表示时要省略介词to。 它一般只用于第三人称，不用于第一或第二人称，不能用来代替have/has been to。 如: 1）—Is your mother in? 你母亲在家吗? —No. She has gone to work.不。她上班去了 2）—Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪儿? —He has gone to the library. He will be back in a minute. 他去图书馆了。他一会儿就回来。 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。 1 .for+时间段。表示“有（多长）一段时间了”。如： I have studied English for five years. 我学英语已有五年了。 2 since+时间点。表示“自从……以来”。 (1) since+过去一个时间点。如： 　 I have lived here since 2003. 我自从2003年以来就一直住这儿。 (2) since+时间段+ago。如： She has stayed in Guangzhou since three months ago. 她自三个月前就一直待在广州。 (3) since+从句（一般过去时）。如： Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city. 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 (4) It is+时间段+since+从句（一般过去时）。如： It is 13 years since I began to live here. 我住这儿已有13年了。 2、 延续性动词和短暂性动词的用法 英语中的动词，根据所表示的动作是否能够延续，分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。 1)延续性动词：work, stand, know, keep, have, wait, sleep, sing, live, walk, read, watch… 2)瞬间性动词：die, arrive, close, become, come, fall, leave, go, buy, borrow, lend, begin, start, join… 注：瞬间性动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，要把动词或者时间状语做适当调整，句子才能合理。如： The old man died three years ago. The old man has been dead for three years. 3)常见的瞬间性动词后接一段时间时，须进行如下转换 转化原则： ① 短暂性动词→延续性动词： buy 买→have 有　 borrow 借→keep 保留 ② 短暂性动词→be+名词： join 参加→ be a member of 成为…的成员 ③ 短暂性动词→be+形容词： finish 结束→be over 结束 begin 开始→be on 在上映/已开始 ④ 短暂性动词→be+介词短语： go to school去上学→be in school在上学 join the army参军→be in the army在军队中 附表 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep come/go be here leave be away （from） open/close be open/be closed begin/start be on end/finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold become interested in be interested in get married be married put on wear get up be up wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep join be in = be a member of leave be away from get to/arrive in(at) /reach be 一、单项选择 1．The Two Sessions (两会) ________ for more than four years, but people are still discussing some topics such as “Double Reduction” policy (双减政策). A．have started B．have ended C．have been over D．have been ended 【答案】C 【详解】句意：两会已经结束四年多了，但人们仍在讨论“双减”政策等话题。 考查时态和延续性动词。for more than four years表示一段时间，谓语动词需用延续性动词或表示延续状态的表达。start和end是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，排除A、B、D；be over表示“结束”，是延续性状态，可与时间段连用。故选C。 2．There ________ a new park near our community since last year. Many people go there to exercise. A．is B．was C．has been D．have been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：从去年开始，我们社区附近有了一个新公园。许多人去那里锻炼。 考查There be句型和现在完成时。根据“since last year”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”；There be句型遵循“就近原则”，空后为“a new park”，助动词应用has。故选C。 3．She ________ to learn English songs for half a year. Now she can sing many English songs well. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．will learn 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她学习英语歌曲已经半年了。现在她能把很多英语歌曲唱得很好。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“for half a year”（表示持续一段时间）和现在的结果“Now she can sing”，可知动作从过去开始并持续到现在，强调对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为has/have done。故选C。 4．The old man ________ for three years. A．has died B．died C．has been dead D．was dead 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老人已经去世三年了。 考查时态。根据“for three years”可知，时态为现在完成时，且用延续性动词，C项符合。故选C。 5．He ________ in this school for 5 years. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．will work 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他在这个学校工作5年了。 考查现在完成时的用法，“for + 一段时间”表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时 (has worked)。works意为“工作” (一般现在时)；worked意为“工作过” (一般过去时)；has worked意为“已经工作” (现在完成时)；will work意为“将工作” (一般将来时)。故选C。 6．Hefei ________ a lot since the subway came into use. A．is changing B．has changed C．changed D．changes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从地铁投入使用以来，合肥发生了很大变化。 考查现在完成时。根据“since the subway came into use”可知，此句为since引导的时间状语从句，表示动作从过去持续到现在，强调对现在的影响，因此主句需用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。故选B。 7．I ______ much exercise since I got my computer last year. A．didn’t do B．haven’t done C．won’t do D．am not doing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从去年有了电脑，我就没怎么锻炼过。    考查动词时态辨析。didn’t do一般过去时；haven’t done现在完成时；won’t do一般将来时；am not doing现在进行时。根据“since I got my computer last year”可知，此处需用现在完成时“haven’t done”，表示“从去年到现在没怎么锻炼”这一持续到现在的状态，故选B。 8．________ in the city for ten years, he knows every corner well. A．Living B．Having lived C．Lived D．To live 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在这个城市居住了十年，他对每一个角落了如指掌。 考查完成时非谓语结构用法。Living居住，现在分词；Having lived住了，完成时非谓语形式；Lived居住过，过去分词；To live为了居住，不定式。“...in the city for ten years”作原因状语，解释了主句“he knows every corner well”发生的原因；根据时间标志词“for ten years”可知，需用现在完成时；“live”这个动作发生在主句动作“knows”之前，使用完成时非谓语结构“having+过去分词” ，表示该非谓语动作先于主句谓语动作发生。故选B。 9．He ________ his bike since last year. A．has had B．have had C．had D．has 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他从去年起就拥有这辆自行车了。 考查现在完成时。句中since last year是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，现在完成时的结构为have/has+过去分词，主语He是第三人称单数，助动词用has，实义动词have的过去分词为had。故选A。 10．She __________ her opinion on beauty since joining the club. A．changes B．changed C．has changed D．will change 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她自从加入这个俱乐部后，就改变了自己对美的看法。 考查动词时态。changes改变，一般现在时；changed改变，一般过去时；has changed改变了，现在完成时；will change将改变，一般将来时。“since joining the club”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，现在完成时的结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”。故选C。 11．—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ________ back to America. He ________ for a couple of weeks. A．went; has left B．has gone; has left C．has gone; has been away D．went; has been away 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Jones先生在哪里？——他已经回美国了。他已经离开几个星期了。 考查现在完成时和动词延续性用法。根据“—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ... back to America. He ... for a couple of weeks.”可知，第一空表示“回美国”的动作已完成且人未返回，应用现在完成时态，用has gone；第二空所在句子中for a couple of weeks，表时间段，“离开”需表示持续状态，非延续性动词leave不能直接接时间段，需改用has been away。故选C。 12．—Where is Mike’s family? I haven’t seen them these days. —Everyone in his family except grandparents ________ Wuxi for the holiday and they ________ there for a week. A．has gone to, has been in B．have gone to, has been to C．has gone to, has been D．has gone to, have been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——迈克的家人去哪儿了？我这些天没见到他们。——除了祖父母外，他家的每个人都去无锡度假了，并且他们已经在那儿待了一周了。 考查主谓一致及动词短语辨析。第一空：主语是Everyone in his family except grandparents，中心词是Everyone（不定代词），谓语用单数，且表示“已去无锡（未归）”，应用has gone to。第二空：主语是they（指代前句中除了祖父母外的家人），是复数，且表示“已经在那里待了一周”，需用have been（后接地点副词there，不需加介词），表示持续状态。故选D。 13．—________ you ever ________ to Beijing? —Yes, twice. A．Have; gone B．Have; been C．Did; go D．Will; go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过北京吗？——是的，两次。 考查时态和have been/gone to的用法。Have; gone去了某地，现在完成时；Have; been曾经去过，现在完成时；Did; go去了，一般过去时；Will; go将要去，一般将来时。have gone to sp.去了某地；have been to sp.去过某地。答句“twice”表示经历，应该是“去过”，用“have been ”。故选B。 14．Astronauts ________ to the moon many times, and they have sent many photos back to the earth. A．have gone B．have been C．went D．will go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：宇航员去过月球很多次，并且他们已经发送了许多照片回地球。 考查现在完成时。have been to表示去过某地并已返回；have gone to表示去了某地尚未返回；went是过去式，表示过去发生的动作；will go表示将来动作。根据“many times”和“sent many photos back”可知，此处强调“去过多次并已返回”的经历，且需用现在完成时。故选B。 15．She ________ there many times and always enjoys life there. A．has been B．has gone C．hasn’t been D．hasn’t gone 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她去过那里很多次，并且总是享受那里的生活。 考查现在完成时。has been（to）去过，已回来；has gone（to）去了，未回来；hasn’t been（to）没去过；hasn’t gone（to）没去。根据“many times”和“always enjoys life there”可知，她去过那里且已回来，there是副词，省略 to。故选A。 16．—Hello, This is Lily speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry. He ________ Shanghai. A．has been to B．went to C．has gone to D．goes to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你好，我是莉莉。我可以和史密斯先生通话吗？——抱歉。他去上海了。 考查动词时态和短语辨析。has been to表示“曾经去过某地（现在已经回来）”；went to是一般过去时，仅表示过去的动作，不强调与现在的联系；has gone to表示“已经去了某地（现在不在这里）”；goes to是一般现在时，表示习惯性或经常性的动作。根据语境“Sorry. He...”可知，史密斯先生此刻不在这里，已经前往上海，应用has gone to。故选C。 17．—Jenny, when did you move here? —I ________ here for three years. A．lived B．moved C．have moved D．have lived 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——詹妮，你什么时候搬到这儿来的？——我已经住在这儿三年了。 考查延续性动词和时态辨析。根据时间状语“for three years”可知，句子要用现在完成时，排除A/B选项；因move（移动，搬动）是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，此处用延续性动词live。故选D。 18．― Hurry up! We are late for the movie. ― It doesn’t matter. The movie ________ for only a few minutes. A．has begun B．has been on C．began D．was on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 快点！我们看电影要迟到了。—— 没关系。电影只开始了几分钟。 考查动词时态。根据“for only a few minutes”可知，此句时态用现在完成时态，且动词是延续性动词。故选B。 19．—What a cute dog! —I like it too. I bought it in the pet shop, and I ________ it for ten days. A．have bought B．have missed C．have chosen D．have had 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——多可爱的狗啊！——我也喜欢。我在宠物店买的，已经买了十天了。 考查动词辨析和现在完成时。have bought已经买，非延续性动词；have missed已经思念；have chosen已经选择；have had已经买，延续性动词。根据“I bought it in the pet shop”可知，此处表示“买”，排除BC；根据“for ten days”可知，此处应使用延续性动词，故选D。 20．— How happy your grandparents are! — Yes, they _________ for fifty years. A．have married B．have been married C．have got married D．married 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的祖父母多么幸福啊！——是的，他们结婚五十年了。 考查动词时态以及延续性动词。for+一段时间要与现在完成时一起连用，且动词要用延续性动词，get married和marry是短暂性动词，延续性动词是be married，故选B。 二、单词拼写 1．The movie (begin) for over ten minutes. 【答案】has been on 【详解】句意：这部电影已经开始超过十分钟了。根据“for over ten minutes”可知，此处需要用现在完成时态，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在。主语“The movie”为第三人称单数，因此用has。begin是短暂性动词，此处应用延续性动词be on。故填has been on。 2．My grandparents have been (marry) for sixty years. 【答案】married 【详解】句意：我的祖父母已经结婚六十年了。marry结婚，非延续性动词；“be married”强调“已婚”的状态；根据“for sixty years”可知，这句话是现在完成时，“have been married”是“be married” 的现在完成时形式，表示“结婚”的状态持续了一段时间，符合语境，所以此处用“married”。故填married。 3．Mr. Sun Zhongshan has been for 100 years. (die) 【答案】dead 【详解】句意：孙中山先生已经去世100年了。根据“for 100 years”及提示词可知，此处的谓语要用延续性动词，die“死亡”是瞬间性动词，be dead是延续性形式。故填dead。 4．The clothes shop and the shoe shop (open) for three years. 【答案】have been open 【详解】句意：这家服装店和鞋店已经开了三年了。结合语境和“for three years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，open为动词时，是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段的时间状语连用，要用其延续性形式be open，由于主语为复数，故此处应用have been open。故填have been open。 5．Since September, Tom and I (build) a strong friendship by working together on science projects. 【答案】have built 【详解】句意：自九月份以来，汤姆和我通过在科学项目上一起合作建立了牢固的友谊。根据“Since September”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，build“建立”，动词，其过去分词为built，主语“Tom and I”为复数，因此用助动词have。故填have built。 6．My father (work) in this factory since 2018. In these years, he has witnessed (目睹) the changes of the factory. 【答案】has worked 【详解】句意：我父亲自2018年以来一直在这家工厂工作。这些年来，他目睹了工厂的变化。根据“...since 2018”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“My father”是第三人称单数，助动词用“has”，“work”的过去分词是“worked”。故填has worked。 7．The girl (learn) drawing since she was five years old. 【答案】has learned/has learnt 【详解】句意：这个女孩从五岁起就开始学画画了。根据“since she was five years old”可知，主句时态为现在完成时，主语为“The girl”，用has learned/has learnt。故填has learned/has learnt。 8．Miss Lin (teach) us English since she came to this school. 【答案】has taught 【详解】句意：自从林老师来到这所学校，她就一直在教我们英语。根据“since she came to this school.”可知，此句是现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has taught。 9．I (be) to Beijing twice. It’s a beautiful city with a long history. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：我曾去过北京两次。它是一个有着悠久历史的美丽城市。根据twice和语境可知，此处表示“曾经去过北京”，have/has been to表示“曾经去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，符合语境，且本句主语是I，故填have been。 10．—Where’s Tommy? —He has (go) to the city library with friends. He’ll be back this afternoon. 【答案】gone 【详解】句意：——Tommy在哪里？——他已经和朋友们去了市图书馆。他今天下午会回来。根据“He has...to the city library with friends.”可知，此处表示“去了某地还没回来”，用have/has gone to的结构，所以空处应填go的过去分词gone。故填gone。 三、完成句子 1．我和我的家人已经去过上海很多次了。我们很喜欢那座城市。 My family and I Shanghai many times. We love that city. 【答案】 have been to 【详解】根据中文提示可知，时态用现在完成时，have/has been to表示“曾经去过”，主语是“My family and I”，表示复数，助动词用have。故填have；been；to。 2．汤姆去看医生了，因为他发烧了。 Tom the doctor’s because he has a fever. 【答案】 has gone to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处应用have gone to表示“去了某地”，此处表示去了医生那里，还没有回来，主语是第三人称单数，故助动词用has。故填has；gone；to。 3．He has been like this for two days.(对画线部分提问) has he been like this? 【答案】 How long 【详解】句意：他像这样已经两天了。本题的时态是现在完成时，其构成是：have/has+现在分词，句尾for two days表示的是一段时间，对它提问，可以使用how long，how位于句首需大写首字母。故填How；long。 4．Lao She’s Teahouse is on stage. (用for many years改写句子) Lao She’s Teahouse stage for many years. 【答案】 has been on 【详解】句意：老舍的《茶馆》正在上演。原句是一般现在时，用“for many years”改写时，句子需使用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语“Lao She’s Teahouse”是单数名词，故助动词用“has”；原句中的系动词“is”的过去分词形式为“been”，“on stage”是固定短语，无需变化。故填has；been；on。 5．丹尼尔已经离开徐州五年了。 Daniel Xuzhou for five years. 【答案】 has been away from 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“已经离开”，时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，be away from“远离”，主语Daniel为单数，助动词用has，be的过去分词为been。故填has；been；away；from。 6．Mr. Green borrowed the book two weeks ago.（改为同义句） Mr. Green the book for two weeks 【答案】 has kept 【详解】句意：格林先生两周前借了这本书。改为同义句“格林先生已经持有这本书两周了”，句中“for two weeks” (持续两周) 为时间段，需用现在完成时，且谓语动词需为延续性动词；“borrow”(借) 是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，其对应的延续性动词为 “keep”(持有)；主语“Mr. Green”为第三人称单数，助动词用“has”，“keep”的过去分词为“kept”。故填has kept。 7．Lily bought the pen two months ago. (改为同义句) Lily the pen for two months. 【答案】 has had 【详解】句意：莉莉两个月前买了这支钢笔。根据“for two months”可知，用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语Lily后接助动词has，动词要用延续性动词，buy的延续性动词是have，其过去分词形式是had。故填has；had。 8．自从我上小学以来，我就一直和李明是好朋友。 I good friends with Li Ming since I was in primary school. 【答案】 have been 【详解】对比中英文可知，空格处缺少“就一直”；根据“since I was in primary school”可知，句子用现在完成时，来体现从过去持续到现在的状态——一直是；现在完成时的结构为have/has+过去分词，主语为“I”，助动词应用have；be good friends表示“是好朋友”，be的过去分词为been。故填have；been。 9．我已经在中国学习了三年。 I in China for three years. 【答案】 have studied 【详解】分析中英文可知，空处表示“已经……学习……”，“学习”study，结合汉语和“for three years”可知，时态是现在完成时，主语是I，所以助动词用have，后跟动词的过去分词。故填have；studied。 10．He has lived in Beijing for three years.  (对划线部分提问) has he for three years? 【答案】 Where lived 【详解】句意：他已经在北京住了三年了。句子划线部分“in Beijing”表示地点，对地点提问应用where，置于句首，首字母要大写；原句为现在完成时 (has lived)，提问时需将助动词“has”置于疑问词和主语“he”之间，同时保留谓语动词的过去分词“lived”，其余成分不变。故填 Where；lived。 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式（每空不多于3个单词）。 Do you enjoy travelling, or do you like to stay at home? Some people go on holiday in their own country, and spend time 1 beaches. They think travelling is one of 2 (relax) ways. Some young people love to travel all 3 time. They give up normal lives and take risks in mountains, rainforests and other 4 (amaze) places. If they don’t have enough money, they will 5 (simple) find work in restaurants or teach English. In fact, 6 they can get much money or not, they don’t care. They only want to enjoy 7 (they) lives and have the experience of travelling. Since several years ago, travelling 8 (be) popular with older people, too. Travelling also allows them to take breaks from work. So why do people love travelling so much? If you’re travelling alone, it’s a great way 9 (meet) new and interesting people. You can learn about different cultures and eat new food. More than anything, travelling always brings you some sweet 10 (memory). These will be your treasure forever. 【答案】 1．on 2．the most relaxing 3．the 4．amazing 5．simply 6．whether 7．their 8．has been 9．to meet 10．memories 【导语】本文讨论了人们对旅行的热爱以及旅行带来的好处。 1．句意：有些人在自己国家度假，在海滩上消磨时间。spend time on sth“在某事上度过时间”，固定搭配，故填on。 2．句意：他们认为旅游是最放松的方式之一。根据“ways”可知，此处用形容词修饰。one of+the+形容词最高级“最……之一”，固定搭配。relax的形容词为relaxing，最高级形式为most relaxing。故填the most relaxing。 3．句意：一些年轻人喜欢一直旅行。all the time“一直，总是”，固定搭配。故填the。 4．句意：他们放弃正常的生活，冒险进入山脉、雨林和其他令人惊叹的地方。此处修饰名词places用形容词。amaze的形容词为amazing“令人惊叹的”。故填amazing。 5．句意：如果他们没有足够的钱，他们就会简单地在餐馆找工作或教英语。修饰动词find用副词。simple的副词为simply“简单地”，故填simply。 6．句意：实际上，无论他们能否获得很多钱，他们并不在意。根据“...they can get much money or not,”可知，此处考查固定搭配：whether...or not“是否……”，引导让步状语从句。故填whether。 7．句意：他们只想享受他们的生活，体验旅行。修饰名词lives用形容词性物主代词。they的形容词性物主代词为their“他们的”，故填their。 8．句意：从几年前开始，旅行也受到了老年人的欢迎。根据时间状语“Since several years ago,”可知，主句用现在完成时，主语travelling是单数，助动词用has，be的过去分词为been。故填has been。 9．句意：如果你独自旅行，这是一个结识新朋友和有趣的人的好方法。a great way to do sth“做某事的好方法”，动词不定式作后置定语，故填to meet。 10．句意：旅行总是给你带来一些甜蜜的回忆。some后接可数名词复数，memory“记忆；回忆”，名词，其复数形式为memories。故填memories。 阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nowadays, more and more people enjoy travelling abroad. But when travelling in a strange country, safety is one of the 1 (important) things you have to consider. According to 2 interesting safety report, China is seen as one of the safest places in the world. In the new Travel Risk Map, China is listed as the fourth most popular travelling country. That means you may 3 (complete) have no worry about your safety when travelling in China, whether you are Chinese or foreigners. The UNWTO says China has 4 (be) among the best places for 5 (tour) to take a vacation around the world, with more than sixty million trips made by people from other countries and areas last year. Maria, a 24-year-old 6 (India) girl, said she was satisfied with China’s order and safety. And she thought it was much 7 (safe) to travel in China than in the United States or Turkey. She explained that she didn’t worry 8 getting into trouble in Beijing, as she saw lots of police officers in cars and security workers in subways keep order. All these people made her feel safe and comfortable while she was travelling around Beijing. China is now more powerful 9 there are more people from all over the world coming to China. We feel really happy 10 (see) this happen and we’re working hard to build a more prosperous (富强的) country in the near future. 【答案】 1．most important 2．an 3．completely 4．been 5．tourists 6．Indian 7．safer 8．about 9．and 10．to see 【导语】本文主要讲述了现在越来越多的人喜欢出国旅游，但当在一个陌生的国家旅行时，安全是最重要的事情之一。中国被看作是世界上最安全的地方之一。 1．句意：但当在一个陌生的国家旅行时，安全是你必须考虑的最重要的事情之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定结构，意为“最……之一”。important的最高级形式为most important。故填most important。 2．句意：根据一份有趣的安全报告，中国被视为世界上最安全的地方之一。report是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一份有趣的报告”，应用不定冠词修饰。interesting以元音音素开头，所以不定冠词用an。故填an。 3．句意：这意味着当你在中国旅行时，无论你是中国人还是外国人，你可能完全不用担心你的安全。句中“have”是动词，需要用副词来修饰。“complete”是形容词，其副词形式为“completely”，表示“完全地”。故填completely。 4．句意：联合国世界旅游组织表示，中国是世界上最适合游客度假的地方之一，去年来自其他国家和地区的游客有6000多万人次。根据“has...(be) among the best places”可知，这里是现在完成时，be的过去分词为been。故填been。 5．句意：联合国世界旅游组织表示，中国是世界上最适合游客度假的地方之一，去年来自其他国家和地区的游客有6000多万人次。根据“the best places for...(tour) to take a vacation around the world,”可知，此处指中国是世界上最适合游客度假的地方之一，tour意为“旅游”，tourist意为“游客”，此处用复数。故填tourists。 6．句意：玛丽亚，一个24岁的印度女孩，说她对中国秩序和安全感到满意。“girl”是名词，需要用形容词来修饰。“India”的形容词形式为Indian，表示“印度的”。故填Indian。 7．句意：她认为在中国旅行比在美国或土耳其安全得多。根据“much”可知，此处应该用形容词的比较级，safe的比较级为safer。故填safer。 8．句意：她解释说，她不担心在北京遇到麻烦，因为她看到车里有很多警察，地铁里有安保人员维持秩序。根据“she didn’t worry...getting into trouble in Beijing,”可知，她不担心在北京遇到麻烦，worry about意为“担心”，动词短语。故填about。 9．句意：中国现在更强大了，有更多来自世界各地的人来到中国。“China is now more powerful”和“there are more people from all over the world coming to China.”是顺承关系，因此用and连接。故填and。 10．句意：看到这种情况的发生，我们感到非常高兴，而且我们正在努力工作，以便在不久的将来建设一个更加富强的国家。根据“We feel really happy...”可知，此处是be happy to do sth.“很高兴做某事”，固定搭配。故填to see。 题型二 阅读理解 People can travel without much money by staying in other people’s house. Sometimes the travelers may sleep for a few nights on other people’s couch (沙发) for free. This way of travelling is called couch surfing. Couch Surfing.org is an organization that connects travelers all around the world. Members of it can find a place to stay when they travel or share their homes and hometowns with travelers from other places. In this way strangers can help strangers in order to make the world a better place. The organization has millions of members in 238 different countries and it has changed the way of travel forever. Jamie from Australia has traveled in this way all over the world. “When I traveled before, I used to find a cheap hotel to save money, now I stay in really nice houses and apartments. But the best thing isn’t the free-living condition; it’s the people you meet. A couch surfing host will usually cook you a meal which helps break the ice. Then they’ll often introduce you to their friends and take you to the places they enjoy. Couch surfing allows you to experience a country and its culture.” Why do people agree to let a stranger sleep on their couch? Delphine, an experienced host from Paris, has an answer. “They say that money makes the world go round but I try to help people go round the world without much money!” She says with a smile. So far, she has received more than 100 travelers. “I enjoy meeting people from different cultures and I’ve made friends from all over the world,” says Delphine, who is also a professional cook. “And of course, I like sharing French food with them. Usually, my guests love trying it but I’ve had problems sometimes. Once I cooked roast lamb for a guest but unfortunately, when she got here, she told me she was only used to eating vegetables!” The idea of travelling for free has even been made into a TV series. Alex and Zsolt from the US set out without any money at all. They relied on social networking websites like Facebook and Twitter to ask for help. They say, “Wherever we went, we were always provided with food. All over the world, food is a common bond (纽带).” They travelled sixteen different countries and the results were turned into the TV show Around the World for free. 1．What can you know about couch surfing? A．It’s an organization that provides cheap hotels. B．It’s a way for people to make money with their couches. C．Travelers may travel with less money with strangers’ help. D．Travelers consider it the most important way to travel today. 2．Why does Delphine like being a couch surfing host? A．She is a professional French cook. B．She enjoys cooking for travelers. C．She expects to make more friends. D．She wants to help people go round the world. 3．Alex discovered that all over the world ________. A．food brings people together B．it’s not easy to travel without money C．people enjoy their free-living condition D．a host usually cooks a meal to break the ice 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell about the experiences of some couch surfers. B．To argue that couch surfing is better than hotel stays. C．To introduce couch surfing as a new way of accommodation. D．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of couch surfing. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了一种旅行方式——沙发旅行，以及人们对这种方式的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据“People can travel without much money by staying in other people’s house. Sometimes the travelers may sleep for a few nights on other people’s couch (沙发) for free.”和“In this way strangers can help strangers in order to make the world a better place.”可知，沙发旅行可以让旅行者在陌生人的帮助下，花更少的钱旅行。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“They say that money makes the world go round but I try to help people go round the world without much money!”可知，Delphine成为一个沙发旅行的主人，是因为她想帮助那些没有多少钱的人环游世界。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Wherever we went, we were always provided with food. All over the world, food is a common bond (纽带).”可知，Alex发现食物是一个纽带，把全世界的人连接在一起。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。本文介绍了一种旅行方式——沙发旅行，以及人们对这种方式的看法。目的是介绍沙发冲浪作为一种新的住宿方式。故选C。 Today, many young people enjoy a new way of travelling called “special forces travel (特种兵式旅游)”. Zhao Chengnan is one of them. When her 22nd birthday was coming, she decided to celebrate it in a special way. She wanted to climb China’s five great mountains in five days. When Zhao was a middle school student, she had an interest in sports and started to ride bikes and climb mountains. So when she talked about climbing the five mountains, her family thought it was a good idea. On April 25, Zhao reached the top of Mount Hua after a four-hour climb. Then she took trains and buses, and even had a two-hour night climb on Mount Song. She then climbed Mount Tai in Shandong and Mount Heng in Shanxi. The most difficult part was climbing Mount Heng in Hunan. “It wasn’t difficult to climb, but I was really exhausted at that time,” Zhao said. She didn’t have enough time to sleep. After getting to the top of Mount Heng, she quickly got back to school. Zhao said planning the trip wasn’t an easy job, either. She needed to book (预订) tickets and leave enough time to rest before the next climb. However, she sounded pretty happy when she described the excitement of travelling under the stars, watching the amazing sunrise, and enjoying free winds at the top of the mountains. “The trip is also a gift for my mum, who brought me into this world and has been there for me all these years,” Zhao said. 1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．How Zhao finished her trip. B．Why Zhao started her trip. C．What Zhao thought of her trip. D．When Zhao finished climbing. 2．How long did it take Zhao to reach the top of Mount Hua? A．Two hours. B．Four hours. C．Six hours. D．Eight hours. 3．What does the underlined word “exhausted” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Excited. B．Bored. C．Tired. D．Worried. 4．What did Zhao think of her trip? A．Easy and interesting.B．Busy but relaxing.C．Terrible and boring. D．Hard but exciting. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．Climbing Mountains is Fun B．A Special Birthday Celebration C．A Wonderful Gift for Mum D．China’s Five Great Mountains 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】 本文介绍了大学生赵程楠以攀登中国五座大山的方式庆祝22岁生日的经历，包括她的兴趣、遇到的挑战、旅行的乐趣以及对母亲的感激之情。 1．主旨大意题。根据“When her 22nd birthday was coming, she decided to celebrate it in a special way. She wanted to climb China’s five great mountains in five days.”可知，第一段主要解释了她开始旅行的原因，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“On April 25, Zhao reached the top of Mount Hua after a four-hour climb.”可知，花费了四个小时到达了山顶，故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“It wasn’t difficult to climb, but I was really exhausted at that time”及“She didn’t have enough time to sleep”可知，爬湖南的衡山让她很疲惫，她没有足够的睡眠，所以划线单词与Tired词义相近，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Zhao said planning the trip wasn’t an easy job, either.…However, she sounded pretty happy when she described the excitement of travelling under the stars, watching the amazing sunrise, and enjoying free winds at the top of the mountains.”可知，她认为她的旅行不是那么容易，但是很令人兴奋，故选D。 5．最佳标题题。根据“When her 22nd birthday was coming, she decided to celebrate it in a special way. She wanted to climb China’s five great mountains in five days. ”可知，她用一个特殊的方式来庆祝自己的生日，以此来引出她的一系列旅行，所以最适合本文的标题是B选项“一场特别的生日庆典”，故选B。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $