内容正文:
专题01 七上易错点、冠词、名词
内容导航
考点聚焦:归纳核心考点 & 中考考点,有的放矢
重点速记:重难点梳理,查漏补缺,即时巩固
复习提升:真题感知 & 综合提升专练,全面突破
七上易错点
冠词
名词
1.play the guitar
2.would like to
3.try
4.mean
5.one 与it
6.spend
7.different
8.listen,hear 与 sound
9.enjoy
10.too,also,either
考点一 不定冠词的用法
考点二 定冠词用法
考点三 不用冠词的情况
考点一 可数名词的单复数
考点二不可数名词
考点三 名词的所有格
考点四 名词词义辧析
重点01 七上易错点
1.play the guitar 弹吉他
play后接乐器类名词时,意为“弹;吹奏;演奏”,乐器类名词前通常要加 。
play the erhu 拉二胡
play the piano 弹钢琴
play the pipa 弹琵琶
【拓展】
play后跟球类或棋、牌类名词时,意为“打;踢;下”,此类名词前 。
play soccer 踢足球
play chess 下国际象棋
2.would like to 表示愿意、喜欢
相当于want,但比want语气委婉。
I would like to eat some bread.我想吃些面包。
【拓展】
“Would you like to do sth?”的肯定回答通常用“Yes,I'd love / like to.”;否定回答通常用“I'd love/ like to,but..”,but后接句子,表示不能去的理由。
-Would you some meat?你想要些肉吗?
-Yes,please./No,thanks.好的,请给我来一些。/不,谢谢。
-Would you like climb the mountains?你想去爬山吗?
-I'd like to, but I have to do my homework.我想去,可是我得做作业。
3.try v.尝试;努力
【辨析】try to do sth 与 try doing sth
try to do sth表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成,强调付出一定的努力设法去完成某事尽力、设法做某事
try doing sth尝试做某事。表示一种尝试、做做看的想法,不一定付出很多努力
He tried carry the basket。他努力提起这个篮子。
The boy tried a model plane.这个男孩尝试着制作一个飞机模型。
4.mean v.意思是;意味着;打算
其后可接名词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式或that从句。
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
What does“blood” ? blood的意思是什么?
That waiting for another 5 minutes.那意味着再等5分钟。
I mean talk with him about it.我打算和他谈谈这件事。
The red light that you must stop.红灯表示你必须停下。
【拓展】
其名词形式是meaning,意为“意思;含义”。
What's the of this word?这个单词是什么意思?
5.one 与it
one 指代前面提到的同类事物中的某一事物,但并非同一个事物,即“同名异 物”。指代同类事物中的一些时,用 ones
it 指代上文提到的同一事物,即“同名同物” -Do you have a dictionary? 你有词典吗?
-No, but my sister has one.没有,但我姐姐有一本。
I can't find my cap. Where is it?我找不到我的帽子。它在哪里?
6.spend v.花(时间、钱等)
常用搭配:
spend time doing sth花费时间做某事
spend time with.和··一起度过/消磨时间
spend+金钱+on sth花费金钱在某物上
They often spend time books on Sundays.他们经常在星期天花时间读书。
I often spend time my best friends.我经常和我最好的朋友共度时光。
My sister spends lots of money books.我姐姐花很多钱买书。
7.different adj不同的
常用搭配:be different from 与···不同(相当于 be not the same as)
We all look a little different.(吉林中考)我们看起来都有点儿不同。
My pen is different yours. =My pen is not the same as yours.我的钢笔与你的钢笔不同。
【拓展】
其名词形式为difference,意为“不同(之处)”。
Can you tell the between them?你能说出他们之间的不同吗?
8.辨析 listen ,hear 与 sound
词汇
用法
listen
不及物动词,意为“听”,强调听的动作
listen to 意为“听 … …”,后跟人或物作宾语
hear
意为“听到;听见”,强调听的结果
hear sb.do sth.意为“听到某人做某事”,强调全过程
hear sb.doing sth.意为“听到某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行
sound
连系动词,意为“听起来”,后跟形容词作表语
sound like 意为“听起来像”
用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空。
listen hear sound
1.Chinese folk music beautiful. I like it very much.
2.The teacher to his story and then gave him some suggestions to help him.
3.—Excuse me, could you please speak a little more loudly?
—Sorry, I thought you could me.
9.enjoy v. 享受…… 的乐趣;喜欢
(1)enjoy sth.享受某物(的乐趣)
(2)enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
(3)enjoy oneself 过得高兴,玩得愉快
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1.My sister enjoys (take) photos, so she wants to buy a camera which allows her to take pictures of high quality.
2.—Did you enjoy (you) at the School Music Festival? —Yes, we did. And our class won first prize.
10.too,also,either 的用法
(1)在英语中 too/also/either/都有“也”的意思,但它们的用法却有不同。
(2)too 作“也”讲时,用于肯定句,并且常用于口语中,通常放在句子末尾,常用逗号隔开。例如:He is a worker.I'm a worker, too.他是一个工人,我也是一个工人。
(3)also 作“也”讲时,较为正式,也用于肯定句,用在be动词,情态动词的后面,行为动词的前面。
例如:He is Chinese.I'm also Chinese.他是中国人,我也是中国人。
Lucy can speak Chinese. Lily can also speak Chinese. Lucy会说汉语,Lily 也会说汉语。
(4)either 作“也”讲时,用于否定句,通常置于句末。例如:He doesn't have any money,either.他也没有钱。
选词填空
too either also as well
1.I don't like tigers. My mother doesn't like tigers, .
2.I enjoy listening to pop music, and my friend Lisa enjoys it, .
3.David often helps me with my study. He shares his school things with me.
4.Keep on doing oral exercises in the English Corner. I'm sure you will improve your listening and speaking skills .
重点02 冠词
知识精讲
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词前,帮助指明名词的含义。
英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词,另一种是不定冠词,还有一种是零冠词。a/an叫不定冠词,the叫定冠词。a用在辅音音素开头的单词之前,an用在元音音素开头的单词之前。如:a university, an hour, a book, an apple等。
(
考点一
不定冠词(
a/an
)
)
(1)字母前 a/an 判断:26 字母中 (a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x) 前面用 an,口诀巧记:Mr Lin has six foxes.林先生有六只狐狸。(句子中出现的所有字母前都有 an,不在句子中的字母则用 a)。
(2)单词前 a/an 判断:元音字母开头不用 an 的情况: university, useful, uniform, European, one,前面用 a。辅音字母开头不用 a 的情况:hour, honest 前用 an。
(3)不可数名词:work, furniture, experience(经验), weather, news, information, fun, luck, music, progress, advice, courage, importance, happiness, fur, cover,
(4)句意理解,需要“每一”或者“一个”的意思时。如 twice a week; a better world,一个更好的世界
(5)a+序数词,表“另一,又一,再一”
eg: I have failed twice, but I want to try a third time/chance. 又一次/又一次机会
(6)补充:the +序数词,强调顺序,表“第几”
零冠词+序数词,强调名次,表“第几名”
eg: Luckily, I succeeded the third time, and I came first.
(7)a+具体化的物质(a heavy rain/a strong wind/a heavy snow)或部分抽象名词(a success/danger/pleasure/surprise/pity)
(8)a+最高级(very): a most beautiful boy = a very beautiful boy
(9)固定习语 (make a fire/ in a hurry/all of a sudden/for a while/have a cold)
(
考点
二
定冠词the
)
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The girl in red is my sister. // The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.
(2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Pass me the ball, please. // Open the door, please.
(3)指上文已经提到的人或事物。如:I bought a pen yesterday. The pen is for my brother.
I saw a film last night. The film is about Jim. // There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.
(4)用在世界上独一无二的名词前。如:The sun rises from the east. // The earth turns around the sun.
(5)用在序数词、形容词最高级(副词最高级前the可省略)以及表示方位的名词的前面。如:Who is the first one to go? //Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth. // There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.
【提醒】序数词前通常要加the,但表示在原来基础上另加一(个)时,则在序数词前加a。如:
a second language (除母语外的)第二语言
(6)用在与play连用的西洋乐器名词前构成固定搭配“play+the+乐器名称”。如:play the piano/the violin /guitar
(7)用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛等名称的前面。如:the Changjiang River;the Pacific Ocean;the West Lake。
(8)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前(如:国家名称、机关团体、阶级)等。如:
the Great Wall;the Forbidden City;the Red Army;// He is from the United States of America.
(9)用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇二人。如:
The Lis have moved to Beijing. // The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.
(10)用在某些形容词前,表示一类人或事物。如:the poor穷人;the blind盲人;the rich富人;the old老人;the sick病人。
(11)用于单数可数名词前,泛指某一类。如:The horse is a useful animal.
(12)用于“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”。如:He catch me by the arm. // She hit him on the nose. // I looked him in the face.
(13)用在表示“……世纪……年代”的结构前,年份后面加“-s”。如:in the 1990s在二十世纪九十年代
(14)用在一些习惯用语中。如:in the sky在天空中;in the middle of…在……的中间;all the year round一年到头;at the same time (与此同时);make the bed(铺床);in the end(最后);all the time(一直);by the way(顺便说一下);on the way(在路上);in the morning (afternoon, evening);on the left(right);at the end of等。
(
考点
三
零冠词
)
(1)专有名词(包括人名、国名、地名、节日、星期、月份、季节)前不用冠词。 如:
Beijing University;Jack;China; England;Mary;March;Sunday;National Day;spring;
Chairman Mao is a great man. // Beijing is the capital of China. // I’m in Class One.
【注意】
①季节,月份,星期后面带有修饰语时,它们前面就要加定冠词the。如:the summer of 2010
②一般情况下以Day结尾的节日前不加the。如:New Year’s Day, Teachers’ Day, National Day等。
③一般情况下以Festival结尾的节日前加the。如:the Spring Festival; the Dragon-Boat Festival; the Mid-Autumn Festival
(2)复数名词泛指一类人或事物时,不用冠词。如:They are teachers/nurses.
(3)不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词)前一般不加冠词。如:time时间;water水;fruit水果;love爱;air空气。
(4)名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格、不定代词或疑问代词时(this, my, Tom’s, whose, some, no, each, every等),不用冠词。如:
Cake is my favourite food. // My pen is much more expensive than yours. // I want this book, not that one.
(5)球类、棋类、学科、语言、娱乐运动、一日三餐前的名词前,不用冠词。 如:
have Chinese;learn Chinese;have breakfast (lunch/supper);play volleyball;
He likes playing football/chess. // We like English and maths very much.
【注意】
①表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰时,要加定冠词the。如:They had a quick breakfast.
②具体指某一个球时,要加定冠词the。如:Where is the basketball?
(6)表示职位、身份、头衔、称呼的名词前,不用冠词。 如:
Lincoln was made President of America. // The guards took the American to General Lee.
(7)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词。如:I can’t write without pen or pencil.
(8)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词。如:by bus, by train;
(9)有些个体名词不用冠词。如:school, college, prison, market, hospital, bed, table, class, town, church, court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义。如:
go to hospital去医院看病; go to the hospital去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
(10)城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用冠词。如:They are now at People’s Cinema.
(11)一些习惯用语中不用。如:at/to/from/out of/after/for school;in/to/for/after class;in/to/out of/into bed;after/at/from/out of/to work;at/to sea;in/from/down/to town;at/from home;at/for/to breakfast/lunch/supper;at night/noon/midnight;on foot;go to school/bed;on top of;in front of;on show/display/duty/watch;in/out of hospital;at all;on/in time;at first/last/once;in Chinese/English;take care of等。
(12)不用冠词的序数词。如:①序数词前有物主代词。如:This is my first time to come to Guilin. ②序数词作副词。如:He came first in the race. ③在固定词组中。如:at (the) first, first of all, from first to last
好题精练
一.单项选择
1.—What’s that on the table?
—It’s player.
A.a B.an C.the
2.The boys often play basketball after school.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
3.—Is that ruler?
—No. It’s eraser.
A.a;a B.an;an C.a;an D.an;a
4.Jordan is NBA star and he has ______ one-year-old daughter.
A.a;an B.an;a C.an;an D.a;a
5.There is “u” and “l” in the word “uncle”.
A.a;a B.an;an C.an;a D.a;an
6.I have big family. I love my family.
A.a B.an C.the
7.You missed “r” in the word “brown”.
A.a B.an C.the D./
8.This is orange. There is “n” in the word.
A.an;an B.a;an C.an;a
9.That is football. I like playing _______ football very much.
A.a;the B.a;/ C.a;a D./;/
10.—Is there art lesson in the morning?
—Yes, and we have PE too.
A.a;a B.a;/ C.an;a D.an;/
重点03名词
知识精讲
名词是用来表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语名词一般分为两类,即专有名词和普通名词。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词。个体名词和集体名词一般可数,有单复数之分;物质名词和抽象名词一般不可数。所以从可数性方面看,名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
(
考点一
可数名词
的单复数
)
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,表示一个用单数,两个或两个以上用复数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。可数名词复数形式的构成有规则和不规则变化两种:
1.名词复数的规则变化
(1)一般情况在名词尾加-s。
如:book→books, girl→girls, boy→boys, pen→pens, doctor→doctors等。
(2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加-es。
如:bus→buses, class→classes. box→boxes. watch→watches, brush→brushes等。
【注意】stomach→stomachs
(3) 以辅音母加y结尾的名词,变“y”为“i”再加-es。
如:city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families等。
【注意】以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加-s。如:boy→boys, day→days等。
(4) 以o结尾的有生命的名词加-es。
如:hero→heroes, negro→negroes, potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes
可简单记为:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。以o结尾的无生命的名词加-s。如:radio→radios, photo→photos等。
【注意】zero→zeros / zeroes
(5) 以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f/fe为v再加-es,
如:knife→knives, leaf→leaves, half→halves, shelf→shelves, thief→thieves, wife→wives等。
【注意】roof→roofs, chief→chiefs, handkerchief →handkerchiefs。
(6)人名、地名的复数直接加-s , 字母、符号、数字的复数加-’s。
There are two Marys in my class. // There are three e’s in the word “temperature”.
2.名词复数的不规则变化
(1)元音或词尾发生变化。
如:man→men, woman→women, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, child→children, mouse→mice等。
(2) 单复数形式相同。
如:Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish等。
(3) 形式为单数意思为复数。
如:people(人们), police(警察)等。如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。
如:①一个人a people (×);a person(√) ②一名警察a police(×);a policeman/policewoman(√)。
(4) 形式为复数意思为单数。
如:physics, mathematics/maths, the United States, Niagara Falls, news, falls等。
(5) 只有复数形式的名词,
如:trousers, clothes, chopsticks, glasses, scissors, compasses等。
(6) 集体名词的数。视为整体时,谓语用单数;视为个体时,谓语用复数。
如:family, class, team, group等。
(7) 由man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。
如:an Englishman, two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans。由man, woman作定语时,它的单复数由它所修饰的名词的单复数决定,如:a man worker→two men workers等。
【注意】其他合成名词,只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如:an apple tree→two apple trees; a shoe shop→two shoe shops等。
(8) 表示某国人的名词单数变复数遵循以下原则:
①中日不变,如:Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese;
②英法变,如:Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen;
③其余把s加后面,如:American→Americans, German→Germans。
3. 修饰可数名词复数的词:修饰可数名词复数的词有these, those, many, (a) few, a number of, the number of, some, any, a lot of, lots of, several, both以及不包括“一”的基数词。常用 they, them来替代。
(
考点
二
不可数名词
)
1. 基本用法:不可数名词一般没有复数形式,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。不可数名词前面不能用不定冠词a/an修饰,但可用定冠词the修饰。如不能说a bread, two water,但可说a piece of bread, two glasses of water。
2. 不可数名词“量”的表达
如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:
(1)表示不定数量时,不可数名词常用much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any, a bit of, plenty of等表示,常用it来替代。如:The rich man has a lot of money. // There is some milk in the bottle.
Is there any water in the glass? // I don’t like winter because there’s too much snow and ice.
(2) 不可数名词的数量可借助一个量词来表达,其结构为“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”,不可数名词的复数,是通过把量词变成复数来表达。
如:a piece of paper/ wood/bread/news/meat; a bottle/glass of orange/water/milk/juice; a cup of tea/coffee; a bag of rice 等。
two pieces of paper/ wood/bread/news/meat; two bottles/glasses of orange/water/milk/juice; two cups of tea/coffee; three bags of rice 等。
(
考点
三
名词的所有格
)
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有以及所属关系,在句中做主语、定语和宾语,其构成方法如下:
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加’s,其复数形式是s’。如:
a student’s room, students’ rooms, father’s shoes, Teachers’ Day等。
2. 如其结尾不是s结尾的复数形式仍加’s。如:Children’s Day, Women’s Day等。
3. 以-s结尾的单数名词或人名后应加’s构成所有格。如:a waitress’s job, Charles’s address等。
4. 在表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构、长度、重量、价格等名词的所有格加’s。如:
today’s newspaper, twenty minutes’ walk, China’s capital, ten miles’ journey, a boat’s length, two pounds’ weight, ten dollars’ worth等。
5. 如果某物为两人共有,只在后一个词尾加’s,如果不是两人共有,两个名词后都要加’s。如:
Lucy and Lily’s bedroom, Jane’s and Tom’s books等。
6. 无生命名词的所有格则通常用of结构,如:a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country。
7. 表示“某人的家”、“店铺”等生活、工作场所的所有格后面的名词通常省略。如:
at Mr Wang’s 在王先生家;at the doctor’s在医生诊所;在药店 at the chemist’s等。
8. 既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格,结构为“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”。
如:a book of my father’s我父亲的一本书;a friend of mine=one of my friends我的一个朋友。
9. 一些其他表示“的”的词,如:to, for, from。如:
the answer to the question, the key to the door, a ticket for the concert, a student from Guilin等。
(
考点
四
名词词义辧析
)
常用易混名词辨析
1. sport, game, match, race的用法辨析:sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大;game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动;match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛;race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。
2. sound, noise, voice的用法辨析:sound指各种声音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”。
3. problem, question的用法辨析:problem常和困难联系,前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise;question常和疑问联系,多和ask, answer连用。
4. family, house, home的用法辨析:family指的是家庭成员,一般不涉及房屋;house是指居住的建筑物;home是指家庭成员所居住的那种环境或与房屋有关的“家”。
好题精练
一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.There will be more (tree) in the northwest of China.
2.My granny has a few bad (tooth). She can’t eat such hard food.
3.Students can receive national defense education by listening to some battle (story).
4.There are many (deer) and (sheep) on the grass.
5.I buy two (scarf) for my mother as her birthday present.
二.单项选择
6.Here are some for you to read.
A.milk B.tea C.books
7.There’s nothing in the fridge. Let’s go and buy and .
A.two kilos of pork;three breads
B.some pork;some carrots
C.some tomatoes;two and half a kilos of meat
D.two boxes of egg;many beef
8.How many and how much do you need?
A.beef;orange B.chicken;water
C.apples;milk D.pears;tomatoes
9.—What do we need to buy to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival?
— .
A.Two kilos of potatoes and two packets of salts
B.Two kilos of potatoes and two packet of salt
C.Two kiloes of potatos and two packets of salt
D.Two kilos of potatoes and two packets of salt
10.There are thirty and eight hundred in our school.
A.woman teachers;girl student
B.women teachers;girls students
C.women teachers;girl students
D.woman teachers;girls students
真题感知
1.(2025·西藏·中考真题)DeepSeek is ________ new AI tool.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
2.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—It’s reported that there will be ________ highway from Panzhihua to Yibin.
—Wow, what ________ great news for us!
A.a; a B.the; a C.the; 不填 D.a; 不填
3.(2025·天津·中考真题)Mary usually rides ________ bike to school. Sometimes she also goes by ________ bus.
A.a; 不填 B.不填; a C.the; a D.a; a
4.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)Look at the photo of my family! ________ man in a white T-shirt is my father.
A.A B.An C.The D./
5.(2024·四川·中考真题)Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday?
A.an B.the C.a D.不填
6.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up.
A.a B.an C.the D./
7.(2023·上海·中考真题)We Chinese have the tradition of respecting ______ old.
A.the B./ C.an D.a
8.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)Linda often plays ________ piano after school.
A.a B.an C.the D./
9.(2024·天津·中考真题)My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful.
A.a; the B.an; the C.不填; 不填 D.an; 不填
10.(2024·山东滨州·中考真题)—The final exam is coming. How is it going?
—Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it.
A.a B.an C.the D./
11.(2025·四川达州·中考真题)—Who left a notebook in the English club?
—It’s not ________. Maybe it’s ________.
A.me, Jack’s B.mine, Jack’s C.mine, Jack
12.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ father works in the police station.
A.Eric and Helen’s B.Eric and Helen C.Eric’s and Helen D.Eric’s and Helen’s
13.(2024·西藏·中考真题)There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history.
A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes
14.(2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题)—What animals did you see on the farm, Tom?
—I saw some ________.
A.rabbit B.ducks C.sheeps
15.(2023·湖南郴州·中考真题)My parents took me to the amusement park on ________ Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
A.Children’s B.Children C.Child’s
16.(2022·西藏·中考真题)More and more ________ want to learn about Chinese culture.
A.Germans B.German C.Germany D.Germans’
17.(2021·西藏·中考真题)All ________ received fresh flowers on Women’s Day.
A.woman teacher B.woman teachers C.women teachers D.women teacher
综合提升练
(1)
(24-25七年级上·浙江杭州·期末)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
How often do you see a plant you don’t know? Your 1 (parent) also don’t know about it. You want 2 (look) it up on the Internet, but where do you start? Now a kind of plant identification (识别) app may help you with the problem.
Take the app called Xingse as 3 example. You can use your phone to take a photo 4 a plant. Then you submit (提交) 5 (you) photo. After a while, the app will show the name and other 6 (use) information about it. It is 7 (real) an easy way to learn about the plant! Other popular identification apps are Huabanlu and Seek.
Maybe plants 8 (be) not the only things you love in nature. Don’t worry. There are also other apps. They can help identify (识别) birds, dogs 9 other animals. You may know a lot about the nature like a 10 (science)!
(2)
(24-25七年级上·浙江杭州·期末)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Do you know Michael Phelps? He is 1 amazing swimmer. And he comes 2 America. After celebrating his 3 (fifteen) birthday, he joined in the 2000 Olympics. He’s got fourteen Olympic gold medals (金牌)— 4 (many) than anybody in the world. He wants to win more medals so he works 5 (real) hard. Every day he 6 (swim) for about five hours.
He’s tall with a long body and big feet and he needs to eat a lot. He eats a very big breakfast. He always wants 7 (eat) lots of noodles and sandwiches for lunch. For dinner he also has a big meal. He eats the same as five 8 (man) every day.
It is difficult to swim for a long time every day, 9 he’s happy. He thinks swimming is a 10 (meaning) thing. Some people think he’s the best swimmer in history.
19 / 21
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专题01 七上易错点、冠词、名词
内容导航
考点聚焦:归纳核心考点 & 中考考点,有的放矢
重点速记:重难点梳理,查漏补缺,即时巩固
复习提升:真题感知 & 综合提升专练,全面突破
七上易错点
冠词
名词
1.play the guitar
2.would like to
3.try
4.mean
5.one 与it
6.spend
7.different
8. listen,hear 与 sound
9.enjoy
10.too,also,either
考点一 不定冠词的用法
考点二 定冠词用法
考点三 不用冠词的情况
考点一 可数名词的单复数
考点二不可数名词
考点三 名词的所有格
考点四 名词词义辧析
重点01 七上易错点
1.play the guitar 弹吉他
play后接乐器类名词时,意为“弹;吹奏;演奏”,乐器类名词前通常要加定冠词the。
play the erhu 拉二胡
play the piano 弹钢琴
play the pipa 弹琵琶
【拓展】
play后跟球类或棋、牌类名词时,意为“打;踢;下”,此类名词前不加定冠词the。
play soccer 踢足球
play chess 下国际象棋
2.would like to 表示愿意、喜欢
相当于want,但比want语气委婉。
I would like to eat some bread.我想吃些面包。
【拓展】
“Would you like to do sth?”的肯定回答通常用“Yes,I'd love / like to.”;否定回答通常用“I'd love/ like to,but..”,but后接句子,表示不能去的理由。
-Would you like some meat?你想要些肉吗?
-Yes,please./No,thanks.好的,请给我来一些。/不,谢谢。
-Would you like to climb the mountains?你想去爬山吗?
-I'd like to, but I have to do my homework.我想去,可是我得做作业。
3.try v.尝试;努力
【辨析】try to do sth 与 try doing sth
try to do sth表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成,强调付出一定的努力设法去完成某事尽力、设法做某事
try doing sth尝试做某事。表示一种尝试、做做看的想法,不一定付出很多努力
He tried to carry the basket。他努力提起这个篮子。
The boy tried making a model plane.这个男孩尝试着制作一个飞机模型。
4.mean v.意思是;意味着;打算
其后可接名词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式或that从句。
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
What does“blood”mean? blood的意思是什么?
That means waiting for another 5 minutes.那意味着再等5分钟。
I mean to talk with him about it.我打算和他谈谈这件事。
The red light means that you must stop.红灯表示你必须停下。
【拓展】
其名词形式是meaning,意为“意思;含义”。
What's the meaning of this word?这个单词是什么意思?
5.one 与it
one 指代前面提到的同类事物中的某一事物,但并非同一个事物,即“同名异 物”。指代同类事物中的一些时,用 ones
it 指代上文提到的同一事物,即“同名同物” -Do you have a dictionary? 你有词典吗?
-No, but my sister has one.没有,但我姐姐有一本。
I can't find my cap. Where is it?我找不到我的帽子。它在哪里?
6.spend v.花(时间、钱等)
常用搭配:
spend time doing sth花费时间做某事
spend time with.和··一起度过/消磨时间
spend+金钱+on sth花费金钱在某物上
They often spend time reading books on Sundays.他们经常在星期天花时间读书。
I often spend time with my best friends.我经常和我最好的朋友共度时光。
My sister spends lots of money on books.我姐姐花很多钱买书。
7.different adj不同的
常用搭配:be different from 与···不同(相当于 be not the same as)
We all look a little different.(吉林中考)我们看起来都有点儿不同。
My pen is different from yours. =My pen is not the same as yours.我的钢笔与你的钢笔不同。
【拓展】
其名词形式为difference,意为“不同(之处)”。
Can you tell the differences between them?你能说出他们之间的不同吗?
8.辨析 listen ,hear 与 sound
词汇
用法
listen
不及物动词,意为“听”,强调听的动作
listen to 意为“听 … …”,后跟人或物作宾语
hear
意为“听到;听见”,强调听的结果
hear sb.do sth.意为“听到某人做某事”,强调全过程
hear sb.doing sth.意为“听到某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行
sound
连系动词,意为“听起来”,后跟形容词作表语
sound like 意为“听起来像”
用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空。
listen hear sound
1.Chinese folk music beautiful. I like it very much.
2.The teacher to his story and then gave him some suggestions to help him.
3.—Excuse me, could you please speak a little more loudly?
—Sorry, I thought you could me.
1.sounds 2.listened 3.hear
9.enjoy v. 享受…… 的乐趣;喜欢
(1)enjoy sth.享受某物(的乐趣)
(2)enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
(3)enjoy oneself 过得高兴,玩得愉快
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1.My sister enjoys (take) photos, so she wants to buy a camera which allows her to take pictures of high quality.
2.—Did you enjoy (you) at the School Music Festival? —Yes, we did. And our class won first prize.
1.taking 2.yourselves
10.too,also,either 的用法
(1)在英语中 too/also/either/都有“也”的意思,但它们的用法却有不同。
(2)too 作“也”讲时,用于肯定句,并且常用于口语中,通常放在句子末尾,常用逗号隔开。例如:He is a worker.I'm a worker, too.他是一个工人,我也是一个工人。
(3)also 作“也”讲时,较为正式,也用于肯定句,用在be动词,情态动词的后面,行为动词的前面。
例如:He is Chinese.I'm also Chinese.他是中国人,我也是中国人。
Lucy can speak Chinese. Lily can also speak Chinese. Lucy会说汉语,Lily 也会说汉语。
(4)either 作“也”讲时,用于否定句,通常置于句末。例如:He doesn't have any money,either.他也没有钱。
选词填空
too either also as well
1.I don't like tigers. My mother doesn't like tigers, .
2.I enjoy listening to pop music, and my friend Lisa enjoys it, .
3.David often helps me with my study. He shares his school things with me.
4.Keep on doing oral exercises in the English Corner. I'm sure you will improve your listening and speaking skills .
1.either 2.too 3.also 4.as well
重点02 冠词
知识精讲
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词前,帮助指明名词的含义。
英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词,另一种是不定冠词,还有一种是零冠词。a/an叫不定冠词,the叫定冠词。a用在辅音音素开头的单词之前,an用在元音音素开头的单词之前。如:a university, an hour, a book, an apple等。
(
考点一
不定冠词(
a/an
)
)
(1)字母前 a/an 判断:26 字母中 (a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x) 前面用 an,口诀巧记:Mr Lin has six foxes.林先生有6只狐狸。(句子中出现的所有字母前都有 an,不在句子中的字母则用 a)。
(2)单词前 a/an 判断:元音字母开头不用 an 的情况: university, useful, uniform, European, one,前面用 a。辅音字母开头不用 a 的情况:hour, honest 前用 an。
(3)不可数名词:work, furniture, experience(经验), weather, news, information, fun, luck, music, progress, advice, courage, importance, happiness, fur, cover,
(4)句意理解,需要“每一”或者“一个”的意思时。如 twice a week; a better world,一个更好的世界
(5)a+序数词,表“另一,又一,再一”
eg: I have failed twice, but I want to try a third time/chance. 又一次/又一次机会
(6)补充:the +序数词,强调顺序,表“第几”
零冠词+序数词,强调名次,表“第几名”
eg: Luckily, I succeeded the third time, and I came first.
(7)a+具体化的物质(a heavy rain/a strong wind/a heavy snow)或部分抽象名词(a success/danger/pleasure/surprise/pity)
(8)a+最高级(very): a most beautiful boy = a very beautiful boy
(9)固定习语 (make a fire/ in a hurry/all of a sudden/for a while/have a cold)
(
考点
二
定冠词the
)
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The girl in red is my sister. // The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.
(2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Pass me the ball, please. // Open the door, please.
(3)指上文已经提到的人或事物。如:I bought a pen yesterday. The pen is for my brother.
I saw a film last night. The film is about Jim. // There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.
(4)用在世界上独一无二的名词前。如:The sun rises from the east. // The earth turns around the sun.
(5)用在序数词、形容词最高级(副词最高级前the可省略)以及表示方位的名词的前面。如:Who is the first one to go? //Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth. // There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.
【提醒】序数词前通常要加the,但表示在原来基础上另加一(个)时,则在序数词前加a。如:
a second language (除母语外的)第二语言
(6)用在与play连用的西洋乐器名词前构成固定搭配“play+the+乐器名称”。如:play the piano/the violin /guitar
(7)用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛等名称的前面。如:the Changjiang River;the Pacific Ocean;the West Lake。
(8)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前(如:国家名称、机关团体、阶级)等。如:
the Great Wall;the Forbidden City;the Red Army;// He is from the United States of America.
(9)用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇二人。如:
The Lis have moved to Beijing. // The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.
(10)用在某些形容词前,表示一类人或事物。如:the poor穷人;the blind盲人;the rich富人;the old老人;the sick病人。
(11)用于单数可数名词前,泛指某一类。如:The horse is a useful animal.
(12)用于“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”。如:He catch me by the arm. // She hit him on the nose. // I looked him in the face.
(13)用在表示“……世纪……年代”的结构前,年份后面加“-s”。如:in the 1990s在二十世纪九十年代
(14)用在一些习惯用语中。如:in the sky在天空中;in the middle of…在……的中间;all the year round一年到头;at the same time (与此同时);make the bed(铺床);in the end(最后);all the time(一直);by the way(顺便说一下);on the way(在路上);in the morning (afternoon, evening);on the left(right);at the end of等。
(
考点
三
零冠词
)
(1)专有名词(包括人名、国名、地名、节日、星期、月份、季节)前不用冠词。 如:
Beijing University;Jack;China; England;Mary;March;Sunday;National Day;spring;
Chairman Mao is a great man. // Beijing is the capital of China. // I’m in Class One.
【注意】
①季节,月份,星期后面带有修饰语时,它们前面就要加定冠词the。如:the summer of 2010
②一般情况下以Day结尾的节日前不加the。如:New Year’s Day, Teachers’ Day, National Day等。
③一般情况下以Festival结尾的节日前加the。如:the Spring Festival; the Dragon-Boat Festival; the Mid-Autumn Festival
(2)复数名词泛指一类人或事物时,不用冠词。如:They are teachers/nurses.
(3)不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词)前一般不加冠词。如:time时间;water水;fruit水果;love爱;air空气。
(4)名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格、不定代词或疑问代词时(this, my, Tom’s, whose, some, no, each, every等),不用冠词。如:
Cake is my favourite food. // My pen is much more expensive than yours. // I want this book, not that one.
(5)球类、棋类、学科、语言、娱乐运动、一日三餐前的名词前,不用冠词。 如:
have Chinese;learn Chinese;have breakfast (lunch/supper);play volleyball;
He likes playing football/chess. // We like English and maths very much.
【注意】
①表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰时,要加定冠词the。如:They had a quick breakfast.
②具体指某一个球时,要加定冠词the。如:Where is the basketball?
(6)表示职位、身份、头衔、称呼的名词前,不用冠词。 如:
Lincoln was made President of America. // The guards took the American to General Lee.
(7)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词。如:I can’t write without pen or pencil.
(8)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词。如:by bus, by train;
(9)有些个体名词不用冠词。如:school, college, prison, market, hospital, bed, table, class, town, church, court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义。如:
go to hospital去医院看病; go to the hospital去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
(10)城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用冠词。如:They are now at People’s Cinema.
(11)一些习惯用语中不用。如:at/to/from/out of/after/for school;in/to/for/after class;in/to/out of/into bed;after/at/from/out of/to work;at/to sea;in/from/down/to town;at/from home;at/for/to breakfast/lunch/supper;at night/noon/midnight;on foot;go to school/bed;on top of;in front of;on show/display/duty/watch;in/out of hospital;at all;on/in time;at first/last/once;in Chinese/English;take care of等。
(12)不用冠词的序数词。如:①序数词前有物主代词。如:This is my first time to come to Guilin. ②序数词作副词。如:He came first in the race. ③在固定词组中。如:at (the) first, first of all, from first to last
好题精练
一.单项选择
1.—What’s that on the table?
—It’s player.
A.a B.an C.the
2.The boys often play basketball after school.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
3.—Is that ruler?
—No. It’s eraser.
A.a;a B.an;an C.a;an D.an;a
4.Jordan is NBA star and he has ______ one-year-old daughter.
A.a;an B.an;a C.an;an D.a;a
5.There is “u” and “l” in the word “uncle”.
A.a;a B.an;an C.an;a D.a;an
6.I have big family. I love my family.
A.a B.an C.the
7.You missed “r” in the word “brown”.
A.a B.an C.the D./
8.This is orange. There is “n” in the word.
A.an;an B.a;an C.an;a
9.That is football. I like playing _______ football very much.
A.a;the B.a;/ C.a;a D./;/
10.—Is there art lesson in the morning?
—Yes, and we have PE too.
A.a;a B.a;/ C.an;a D.an;/
1.A 此处表示泛指,player是以辅音音素开头的单词,故设空处填a。
2.A play与表示球类的名词连用时,球类名词前不加任何冠词,故答案为A。
3.C ruler是以辅音音素开头的单词,故第一空填a;eraser是以元音音素开头的单词,故第二空填an。故答案为C。
4.B 字母N以元音音素开头,故第一空填an;one是以辅音音素开头的单词,故第二空填a。故答案为B。
5.D 字母u以辅音音素开头,故第一空填a;字母l以元音音素开头,故第二空填an。故答案为D。
6.A 句意:我有一个大家庭。我爱我的家人。此处表示泛指,big是以辅音音素开头的单词, 故答案为A。
7.A 字母r以元音音素开头, 故填an。
8.A orange以元音音素开头,第一空填an;字母n以元音音素开头,第二空填an。故答案为A。
9.B football是以辅音音素开头的单词,第一空填a;play与表示球类的名词连用时,球类名词前不加任何冠词。故答案为B。
10.D lesson是可数名词单数,其前需要加冠词,art是以元音音素开头的单词,故第一空用不定冠词an;学科前不加任何冠词,故第二空不填。故答案为D。
重点03名词
知识精讲
名词是用来表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语名词一般分为两类,即专有名词和普通名词。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词。个体名词和集体名词一般可数,有单复数之分;物质名词和抽象名词一般不可数。所以从可数性方面看,名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
(
考点一
可数名词
的单复数
)
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,表示一个用单数,两个或两个以上用复数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。可数名词复数形式的构成有规则和不规则变化两种:
1.名词复数的规则变化
(1)一般情况在名词尾加-s。
如:book→books, girl→girls, boy→boys, pen→pens, doctor→doctors等。
(2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加-es。
如:bus→buses, class→classes. box→boxes. watch→watches, brush→brushes等。
【注意】stomach→stomachs
(3) 以辅音母加y结尾的名词,变“y”为“i”再加-es。
如:city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families等。
【注意】以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加-s。如:boy→boys, day→days等。
(4) 以o结尾的有生命的名词加-es。
如:hero→heroes, negro→negroes, potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes
可简单记为:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。以o结尾的无生命的名词加-s。如:radio→radios, photo→photos等。
【注意】zero→zeros / zeroes
(5) 以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f/fe为v再加-es,
如:knife→knives, leaf→leaves, half→halves, shelf→shelves, thief→thieves, wife→wives等。
【注意】roof→roofs, chief→chiefs, handkerchief →handkerchiefs。
(6)人名、地名的复数直接加-s , 字母、符号、数字的复数加-’s。
There are two Marys in my class. // There are three e’s in the word “temperature”.
2.名词复数的不规则变化
(1)元音或词尾发生变化。
如:man→men, woman→women, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, child→children, mouse→mice等。
(2) 单复数形式相同。
如:Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish等。
(3) 形式为单数意思为复数。
如:people(人们), police(警察)等。如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。
如:①一个人a people (×);a person(√) ②一名警察a police(×);a policeman/policewoman(√)。
(4) 形式为复数意思为单数。
如:physics, mathematics/maths, the United States, Niagara Falls, news, falls等。
(5) 只有复数形式的名词,
如:trousers, clothes, chopsticks, glasses, scissors, compasses等。
(6) 集体名词的数。视为整体时,谓语用单数;视为个体时,谓语用复数。
如:family, class, team, group等。
(7) 由man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。
如:an Englishman, two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans。由man, woman作定语时,它的单复数由它所修饰的名词的单复数决定,如:a man worker→two men workers等。
【注意】其他合成名词,只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如:an apple tree→two apple trees; a shoe shop→two shoe shops等。
(8) 表示某国人的名词单数变复数遵循以下原则:
①中日不变,如:Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese;
②英法变,如:Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen;
③其余把s加后面,如:American→Americans, German→Germans。
3. 修饰可数名词复数的词:修饰可数名词复数的词有these, those, many, (a) few, a number of, the number of, some, any, a lot of, lots of, several, both以及不包括“一”的基数词。常用 they, them来替代。
(
考点
二
不可数名词
)
1. 基本用法:不可数名词一般没有复数形式,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。不可数名词前面不能用不定冠词a/an修饰,但可用定冠词the修饰。如不能说a bread, two water,但可说a piece of bread, two glasses of water。
2. 不可数名词“量”的表达
如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:
(1)表示不定数量时,不可数名词常用much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any, a bit of, plenty of等表示,常用it来替代。如:The rich man has a lot of money. // There is some milk in the bottle.
Is there any water in the glass? // I don’t like winter because there’s too much snow and ice.
(2) 不可数名词的数量可借助一个量词来表达,其结构为“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”,不可数名词的复数,是通过把量词变成复数来表达。
如:a piece of paper/ wood/bread/news/meat; a bottle/glass of orange/water/milk/juice; a cup of tea/coffee; a bag of rice 等。
two pieces of paper/ wood/bread/news/meat; two bottles/glasses of orange/water/milk/juice; two cups of tea/coffee; three bags of rice 等。
(
考点
三
名词的所有格
)
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有以及所属关系,在句中做主语、定语和宾语,其构成方法如下:
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加’s,其复数形式是s’。如:
a student’s room, students’ rooms, father’s shoes, Teachers’ Day等。
2. 如其结尾不是s结尾的复数形式仍加’s。如:Children’s Day, Women’s Day等。
3. 以-s结尾的单数名词或人名后应加’s构成所有格。如:a waitress’s job, Charles’s address等。
4. 在表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构、长度、重量、价格等名词的所有格加’s。如:
today’s newspaper, twenty minutes’ walk, China’s capital, ten miles’ journey, a boat’s length, two pounds’ weight, ten dollars’ worth等。
5. 如果某物为两人共有,只在后一个词尾加’s,如果不是两人共有,两个名词后都要加’s。如:
Lucy and Lily’s bedroom, Jane’s and Tom’s books等。
6. 无生命名词的所有格则通常用of结构,如:a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country。
7. 表示“某人的家”、“店铺”等生活、工作场所的所有格后面的名词通常省略。如:
at Mr Wang’s 在王先生家;at the doctor’s在医生诊所;在药店 at the chemist’s等。
8. 既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格,结构为“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”。
如:a book of my father’s我父亲的一本书;a friend of mine=one of my friends我的一个朋友。
9. 一些其他表示“的”的词,如:to, for, from。如:
the answer to the question, the key to the door, a ticket for the concert, a student from Guilin等。
(
考点
四
名词词义辧析
)
常用易混名词辨析
1. sport, game, match, race的用法辨析:sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大;game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动;match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛;race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。
2. sound, noise, voice的用法辨析:sound指各种声音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”。
3. problem, question的用法辨析:problem常和困难联系,前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise;question常和疑问联系,多和ask, answer连用。
4. family, house, home的用法辨析:family指的是家庭成员,一般不涉及房屋;house是指居住的建筑物;home是指家庭成员所居住的那种环境或与房屋有关的“家”。
好题精练
一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.There will be more (tree) in the northwest of China.
2.My granny has a few bad (tooth). She can’t eat such hard food.
3.Students can receive national defense education by listening to some battle (story).
4.There are many (deer) and (sheep) on the grass.
5.I buy two (scarf) for my mother as her birthday present.
二.单项选择
6.Here are some for you to read.
A.milk B.tea C.books
7.There’s nothing in the fridge. Let’s go and buy and .
A.two kilos of pork;three breads
B.some pork;some carrots
C.some tomatoes;two and half a kilos of meat
D.two boxes of egg;many beef
8.How many and how much do you need?
A.beef;orange B.chicken;water
C.apples;milk D.pears;tomatoes
9.—What do we need to buy to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival?
— .
A.Two kilos of potatoes and two packets of salts
B.Two kilos of potatoes and two packet of salt
C.Two kiloes of potatos and two packets of salt
D.Two kilos of potatoes and two packets of salt
10.There are thirty and eight hundred in our school.
A.woman teachers;girl student
B.women teachers;girls students
C.women teachers;girl students
D.woman teachers;girls students
1.trees 根据空格前的more以及所给词tree可知,此处用tree的复数形式。故填trees。
2.teeth 根据空格前的a few可知,此处用复数名词,故填teeth。
3.stories 句意:学生们可以通过聆听一些战斗故事,来接受国防教育。根据空格前的some以及所给词story可知,此处用复数名词。story的复数形式为stories。
4.deer;sheep 根据many可知,第一空需要用复数名词;根据and可知第二空也用复数名词。deer和sheep的单复数形式相同。
5.scarves/scarfs 根据空格前的two可知,此处用名词的复数形式。故填scarves/scarfs。
6.C 句意:这有一些书来给你阅读。milk牛奶;tea茶;book书;根据后面的read可知,此处指有一些书,故选C。
7.B 单词bread为不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除A选项;2.5千克的正确表达为“two and a half kilos”,排除C选项;D选项中的egg要用复数形式,且beef为不可数名词,不能用many来修饰。故选B。
8.C how many后接复数名词;how much后接不可数名词。故选C。
9.D 单词salt为不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除A选项;two后要跟复数名词,排除B选项;名词kilo的复数形式为kilos,排除C选项。故选D。
10.C 句意:在我们学校有30位女老师和800名女学生。woman修饰名词时,其单复数形式和后面名词的单复数保持一致;girl用其单数形式修饰后面的单数名词或复数名词。故选C。
真题感知
1.(2025·西藏·中考真题)DeepSeek is ________ new AI tool.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
【答案】B
【解析】句意:DeepSeek是一种新的AI工具。
考查冠词辨析。/零冠词;a一,泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一,泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the特指。根据“new AI tool”可知,此处泛指一种新的AI工具,且new是辅音音素开头的单词,用a表示泛指,故选B。
2.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—It’s reported that there will be ________ highway from Panzhihua to Yibin.
—Wow, what ________ great news for us!
A.a; a B.the; a C.the; 不填 D.a; 不填
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——据报道,将有一条从攀枝花到宜宾的高速公路。——哇,对我们来说真是个好消息!
考查冠词用法和感叹句。根据“highway from Panzhihua to Yibin”可知,第一空是泛指一条高速公路,highway以辅音音素开头,要用不定冠词a;第二空位于感叹句结构中,中心词news是不可数名词,在感叹句中不加冠词。故选D。
3.(2025·天津·中考真题)Mary usually rides ________ bike to school. Sometimes she also goes by ________ bus.
A.a; 不填 B.不填; a C.the; a D.a; a
【答案】A
【解析】句意:玛丽通常骑自行车上学,有时她也乘公交车。
考查冠词。ride a bike“骑自行车”,故第一空填a,表示骑一辆自行车,泛指她的交通工具;by bus“乘坐公交车”,故第二空不填,此处by bus是固定搭配,表示交通方式时不用冠词。故选A。
4.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)Look at the photo of my family! ________ man in a white T-shirt is my father.
A.A B.An C.The D./
【答案】C
【解析】句意:看我的全家福!穿白色T恤的那个男人是我的父亲。
考查冠词。根据“in a white T-shirt”可知,此处是特指穿白色T恤的那个男人,应用定冠词the。故选C。
5.(2024·四川·中考真题)Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday?
A.an B.the C.a D.不填
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你能把你昨天买的书借给我吗?
考查冠词。根据“book that you bought yesterday”可知此处特指昨天买的书,用定冠词the。故选B。
6.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我长大后想成为像钱学森一样的科学家。
考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一位科学家,“scientist”首字母发辅音音素,故选A。
7.(2023·上海·中考真题)We Chinese have the tradition of respecting ______ old.
A.the B./ C.an D.a
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们中国人有尊老的传统。
考查冠词。此处是指尊敬老人,应用the+形容词,表示“一类人”。the old“老人”,故选A。
8.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)Linda often plays ________ piano after school.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【解析】句意:琳达放学后经常弹钢琴。
考查冠词用法。piano是乐器,其前应加定冠词the。play the piano“弹钢琴”。故选C。
9.(2024·天津·中考真题)My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful.
A.a; the B.an; the C.不填; 不填 D.an; 不填
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我奶奶有一个花园。里面的花很漂亮。
考查冠词的用法。第一处泛指一个花园,“garden”首字母发辅音音素,用a;第二处特指花园里的花,用定冠词the。故选A。
10.(2024·山东滨州·中考真题)—The final exam is coming. How is it going?
—Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——期末考试就要来了。最近怎么样?——还不错,谢谢。我只是把它当作平常的一场考试。我想我能做到。
考查冠词。a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the表特指;/不填。此处表示泛指,当作一场平常的考试,usual是以辅音音素开头的,故选A。
11.(2025·四川达州·中考真题)—Who left a notebook in the English club?
—It’s not ________. Maybe it’s ________.
A.me, Jack’s B.mine, Jack’s C.mine, Jack
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——谁把笔记本落在英语俱乐部了?——它不是我的,可能是杰克的。
考查代词辨析和名词所有格。me我,人称代词宾格;mine我的,名词性物主代词;Jack’s杰克的;Jack杰克。根据“It’s not”可知,第一空需用名词性物主代词mine作表语,表示“笔记本不是我的”,故排除选项A;根据“Maybe it’s”可知,此处表示“可能是杰克的”,故第二空用“Jack’s”(= Jack’s notebook)表示所属关系。故选B。
12.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ father works in the police station.
A.Eric and Helen’s B.Eric and Helen C.Eric’s and Helen D.Eric’s and Helen’s
【答案】A
【解析】句意:Eric和Helen的爸爸在警察局工作。
考查名词所有格。此空修饰名词father,应用名词所有格,排除B选项;father是单数,此处表示两个人共同的父亲,在最后一个人名后加’s,故选A。
13.(2024·西藏·中考真题)There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history.
A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes
【答案】B
【解析】句意:中国历史上有许多著名的女英雄。
考查名词复数。含有woman修饰名词时,变为复数时,需要将woman和所修饰词一起变为复数;hero的复数是heroes,因此women heroes符合句意,故选B。
14.(2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题)—What animals did you see on the farm, Tom?
—I saw some ________.
A.rabbit B.ducks C.sheeps
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你在农场看到了什么动物,汤姆?——我看见一些鸭子。
考查名词的用法。rabbit兔子,名词单数;ducks鸭子,名词复数;sheeps表述错误。some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,故选B。
15.(2023·湖南郴州·中考真题)My parents took me to the amusement park on ________ Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
A.Children’s B.Children C.Child’s
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我的父母在儿童节带我去了游乐园。在那里有很多令人兴奋的事情可做。
考查名词所有格。根据“My parents took me to the amusement park on…Day.”及结合选项可知,此处表示“儿童节”,children“孩子们”,修饰名词Day应该用其所有格形式。故选A。
16.(2022·西藏·中考真题)More and more ________ want to learn about Chinese culture.
A.Germans B.German C.Germany D.Germans’
【答案】A
【解析】句意:越来越多的德国人想了解中国文化。
考查词义辨析和名词复数。Germans德国人,名词复数;German德国人,名词单数;Germany德国;Germans’表述错误。“More and more”修饰可数名词复数,指人想了解中国文化。故选A。
17.(2021·西藏·中考真题)All ________ received fresh flowers on Women’s Day.
A.woman teacher B.woman teachers C.women teachers D.women teacher
【答案】C
【解析】句意:所有的女老师们都在妇女节这一天收到了鲜花。
考查复合名词复数的用法。“女教师”由woman teacher来表示,而由句中的“女教师们”可知这里应用复合名词的复数形式,其变化规则为两个名词都应变成其复数形式,为women teachers。故选C。
综合提升练
(1)
(24-25七年级上·浙江杭州·期末)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
How often do you see a plant you don’t know? Your 1 (parent) also don’t know about it. You want 2 (look) it up on the Internet, but where do you start? Now a kind of plant identification (识别) app may help you with the problem.
Take the app called Xingse as 3 example. You can use your phone to take a photo 4 a plant. Then you submit (提交) 5 (you) photo. After a while, the app will show the name and other 6 (use) information about it. It is 7 (real) an easy way to learn about the plant! Other popular identification apps are Huabanlu and Seek.
Maybe plants 8 (be) not the only things you love in nature. Don’t worry. There are also other apps. They can help identify (识别) birds, dogs 9 other animals. You may know a lot about the nature like a 10 (science)!
【答案】1.parents 2.to look 3.an 4.of 5.your 6.useful 7.really 8.are 9.and/or 10.scientist
【导语】本文主要介绍了关于植物识别的一些应用软件。
1.句意:你的父母也不认识它。根据“don’t know”可知此处用复数形式。故填parents。
2.句意:你想在网上查找,但是从哪里开始呢?want to do sth“想要做某事”,故填to look。
3.句意:以Xingse来举例子。take ... as an example“以……来举例”。故填an。
4.句意:你可以用你的手机来给一颗植物拍照。take a photo of“给……拍照”。故填of。
5.句意:然后你提交这张照片。修饰photo用形容词性物主代词your。故填your。
6.句意:过一会儿之后,这个应用程序会显示它的名字和其他关于它的有用信息。修饰information应用形容词。结合语境可知是“有用的”信息,故填useful。
7.句意:这是了解这个植物的一个真正的简单的方式。此处表示程度用副词形式。故填really。
8.句意:也许植物不是大自然里你唯一喜欢的东西。主语plants是复数,时态是一般现在时,be动词用are。故填are。
9.句意:它们可以帮助识别鸟类,狗和(或)其他的动物。此处“dogs ”和“other animals”之间是并列或选择关系,故填and/or。
10.句意:你也许会像一个科学家一样知道很多大自然的东西。a后接名词。根据“like a”可知是像一个科学家。故填scientist。
(2)
(24-25七年级上·浙江杭州·期末)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Do you know Michael Phelps? He is 1 amazing swimmer. And he comes 2 America. After celebrating his 3 (fifteen) birthday, he joined in the 2000 Olympics. He’s got fourteen Olympic gold medals (金牌)— 4 (many) than anybody in the world. He wants to win more medals so he works 5 (real) hard. Every day he 6 (swim) for about five hours.
He’s tall with a long body and big feet and he needs to eat a lot. He eats a very big breakfast. He always wants 7 (eat) lots of noodles and sandwiches for lunch. For dinner he also has a big meal. He eats the same as five 8 (man) every day.
It is difficult to swim for a long time every day, 9 he’s happy. He thinks swimming is a 10 (meaning) thing. Some people think he’s the best swimmer in history.
【答案】1.an 2.from 3.fifteenth 4.more 5.really 6.swims 7.to eat 8.men 9.but 10.meaningful
【导语】本文介绍了菲尔普斯是一位出色的游泳运动员。
1.句意:他是一位出色的游泳运动员。此处表泛指“一位”,amazing是以元音音素开头的单词,故填an。
2.句意:他来自美国。come from表示“来自”,故填from。
3.句意:在庆祝了他的十五岁生日后,他参加了2000年奥运会。此处需要序数词表示“第十五”,故填fifteenth。
4.句意:他获得了十四枚奥运会金牌,比世界上任何人都多。结合“than”,此处需要比较级表示“更多”,故填more。
5.句意:他想赢得更多的奖牌,所以他真的非常努力。此处需要副词作状语,故填really。
6.句意:他每天游泳大约五个小时。every day表示一般现在时,且主语为第三人称单数,故动词用第三人称单数形式,填swims。
7.句意:他午餐总是想吃很多面条和三明治。want to do sth表示“想要做某事”,故填to eat。
8.句意:他每天吃的和五个男人一样多。此处表示复数概念,且man的复数形式为men,故填men。
9.句意:每天长时间游泳很难,但他很高兴。前后句意存在转折关系,故用but连接,填but。
10.句意:他认为游泳是一件有意义的事情。此处需要形容词修饰名词thing,meaning的形容词形式为meaningful,故填meaningful。
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