课时作业42 Innovation（二）-【红对勾讲与练·练习手册】2026年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案通用版（北师大版）

班级： 姓名： 课时作业42 INNOVATION(二) (总分：35分) I.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） B.An astronaut's journal C C.A sci-fi handbook. D.A space history website. When you think about it,food is an important part2.What does the underlined word "peculiarities"mean of our lives.Family gatherings center around food and in paragraph 2? the celebration of major life events and milestones A.Ambitious targets. involves food in one way or another.The same holds B.Similar requests. true for us here on the space station.Food is important C.Unusual habits. and ends up usually being a topic of discussion for us. D.Harsh conditions. The food that we have here on ISS has to meet 3.What is the author's purpose in mentioning tortillas? many different requirements.What about variety?How （) do you meet all of the peculiarities of the people that A.To illustrate the preference container. you come across,especially when they are from B.To give an example of standard menu. different cultures?What about the logistics (of C.To advocate tortillas to the readers. getting the right food here at the right time?So there are D.To show the variety of food options. a couple of different questions you have to consider. 4.What can be inferred about eating in space? On the US side we have gone to a standard menu, A.Food packaging is optional. meaning that every 16 days you start over with the same B.Sufficient water helps transport food. menu.To compensate the crews,we are allowed to pick C.Flying food problem is unavoidable. one "preference"container which consists of our pick D.Eating in space is easier than most imagine. of anything on the US menu list.This allows us some D variety in our menu,with the choices up to us.One of the desirable options for any crew is to make sure that (2025·湖北荆州中学月考) enough tortillas(墨西哥薄饼)get on board.You can Damian Stefaniuk and his colleagues at Massachusetts do so much with a tortilla:it becomes the vehicle with Institute of Technology (MIT)have developed a novel which to eat almost anything. energy storage device-a supercapacitor-using three Our food also comes packaged in many ways.But basic,inexpensive materials:water,cement,and soot( no matter what the form of the food,you still have the)-like substance called carbon black,a highly same problem eating it-you do not want it flying away conductive substance. from you and making a mess when you open it up.In Supercapacitors are highly efficient at storing this case a little bit of extra water is extremely helpful.It energy but differ from batteries in some important ways. keeps the food kind of sticking together and to the They can charge much more quickly than a lithium package and to your spoon.Small things do escape from (battery and don't suffer from the same levels of time to time,but we really try hard to minimize the degradation in performance.But supercapacitors also random flying food problem.That is enough for now!release the power they store rapidly,making them less Next time I will write about how to cook in space. useful in devices such as mobile phones,laptops or 1.Where is the text most probably taken from? electric cars where a steady supply of energy is needed A.A food magazine. over an extended period of time. (横线下方不可作答) 427 选择性必修第四册 Yet according to Stefaniuk,carbon-cement 7.What is the challenge faced by the widespread use of supercapacitors could make an important contribution to supercapacitors? efforts to decarbonise the global economy."If it can be A.They are not conductive enough for practical use. scaled up,the technology can help solve an important B.They store less energy than conventional batteries. issue-the storing of renewable energy,"he says. C.They are made from materials that are difficult to He and his fellow researchers at MIT and Harvard obtain. University's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired D.They require highly specialized manufacturing Engineering,envision several applications for their equipment. supercapacitors. 8.What is the purpose of this text? One might be to create roads that store solar energy A.To present a problem. and then release it to recharge electric cars wirelessly as B.To explain a process. they drive along a road.The rapid release of energy C.To introduce a solution from the carbon-cement supercapacitor would allow D.To advocate an action. vehicles to get a rapid boost to their batteries.Another Ⅱ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） 得分 would be as energy-storing foundations of houses-"to (2025·重庆沙坪坝期中) have walls,or foundations,or columns,that not only China's intelligent connected vehicle (ICV) support the structure but also store energy",says industry,1 strives to integrate vehicles with Stefaniuk. road and cloud computing,has moved to a new stage But it is still early days.For now,the concrete2 (feature)rapid technological and ecological supercapacitor can store a little under 300 watt-hours per development,according to white paper released by the cubic metre-enough to power a 10-watt LED light bulb National Innovation Center of Intelligent and Connected for 30 hours.The power "may seem low compared to Vehicles(CICV). conventional batteries,but a foundation with 30-40 To promote its commercial 3 (apply), cubic metres of concrete could be sufficient to meet the over 2,000 road test licenses 4 (issue)so daily energy needs of a residential house",says far,said Miao Changxing,5 official from the Stefaniuk."Given the widespread use of concrete Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. globally,this material has the potential to be highly 6 (international),China's progress has competitive and useful in energy storage." caught the attention of leading figures in the industry.In 5.What might be an advantage of supercapacitors? a report,it reveals that tech entrepreneur Elon Musk is ( keen on bringing Tesla's 7 advance A.They require little care. autonomous driving technology to China.However,the B.They are lighter in design. transition 8 autonomous driving poses several C.They discharge power in a stable manner. challenges that need to be addressed. D.They continue to work effectively over time. The report recommends that safety 9 6.How does the author highlight the application of measure for autonomous vehicles should be supercapacitors? rigorously tested and proven before widespread A.By giving instructions. adoption.10 base)on the current situation, B.By providing examples. it also calls for a comprehensive ecosystem built to C.By making comparisons. support research, development, and the D.By presenting cause and effect commercialization of autonomous driving technology. 红对勾·讲与练 428 高三英语BS在太阳下暴晒工作从而导致他想要找 出办法来治疗皮肤癌。故选A。 5.C细节理解题。根据文章第三段的 "So Bekele began his deliberate trial- and-error process,which led him to learn about a cream-based skin cancer treatment called Imiquimod that did produce desired results-but can cost as much as 180 for the uninsured in America.”可知，miquimod是有效果 的，但价格很贵。故选C。 6.B推理判断题。根据文章第四段的 "Bekele knew he'd need an actual lab to refine his creation.Bekele applied to- and won-the Minnesota-based tech company 3M's Young Scientist Challenge in2023”可推知，Bekele去参加青年科 学家挑战赛是为了可以有实验室来完 善他的肥皂发明，故是为了得到支持 从而进一步完善肥皂。故选B。 7.A推理判断题。根据文章第一段 "Time magazine has chosen its 2024 Kid of the Year-and it's Heman Bekele,a teenager who could change the way skin cancer is treated.”以及后文对Heman Bekele发明了一种可能有助于对抗皮 肤癌的肥皂的介绍可知，文章主要通 过对青少年Heman Bekele发明抗癌肥 皂的故事的报道，来表达只要敢想敢 行动，不论什么年龄，都能成功。故 选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文 章主要讲述了巴勒斯坦即将升入11年级 的学生Mesk Abdalsalam如何从一个日 常观察中获得灵感，开发出一款创新的 皮肤诊断软件Derma X,并在国际科学与 工程大奖赛(ISEF)上获得第四名和500 美元奖金的故事。 1.C句意：他们努力寻找想法，很容易 放弃。A.offer提供；B.promise承诺： C.struggle努力，挣扎；D.hurry赶快。 根据上文“When searching for a science fair project,many children scratch ( their heads.”可知，在寻找科学展览项 目时，许多孩子在努力寻找想法。故 选C。 2.B句意：然而，也有很多例外。 A.examples例子；B.exceptions例外； C.followers追随者；D.scientists科学 家。根据下文“Motivated by the situation,Mesk took advantage of artificial intelligence to 11 the process.”可知，Mesk在遇到困难时， 没有放弃，而是积极寻找解决办法，因 此她是个例外。故选B。 3.D句意：当Mesk看到弟弟挠手肘上 干燥的皮肤感到不适时，她从中得到 了灵感。A.causing引起；B.guessing 猜测；C.expressing表达；D.observing 观察。根据“her brother's discomfort as he scratched the dry skin”可知，Mesk观 察到弟弟挠手肘上干燥的皮肤时的不 适。故选D。 2网勾·讲与练·高三英语BS 4.D句意同上。A.permission允许；B.tust 信任；C.support支持；D.inspiration灵 感，鼓舞。根据下文“Motivated by the situation'”可知，Mesk获得了灵感。故 选D。 5.A句意：Mesk意识到，当医生不在场 时，软件可以成为她弟弟和其他人的“助 手”。A.helper助手，帮助者；B.mess混 乱；C.disaster灾难；D.symbol象征，符 号。根据下文“Her smartphone app, called Derma X,can diagnose diverse skin diseases.”可知，Mesk发明了一个 软件作助手。故选A。 6.B句意同上。A.impatient设有耐心 的：B.unavailable难以获得的，不可用 的；C.thoughtless欠考虑的；D.unkind 不友善的。根据下文“It took nearly six months for her brother to see a doctor." 可知，此处指在找不到医生的情况下。 故选B。 7.C句意：即将升入11年级的Mesk是 再生元国际科学与工程大奖赛上的参 赛者之一，在那里，Mesk和其他人展示 了针对各种挑战性问题的软件解决方案。 A.leaders领导；B.organizers组织者； C.competitors竞争者；D.guards警卫。根 据“at the Regeneron Intemational Science and Engineering Fair'”可知，Mesk是参赛者 之一。故选C。 8.A句意同上。A.presented展示，呈 现；B.questioned质疑；C.replaced代 替；D.developed发展。根据“software solutions to challenging problems'”可知， 在比赛中，Mesk和其他人展示了针对 各种挑战性问题的软件解决方案。故 选A。 9.C句意：住在巴勒斯坦的Mesk认识 到，预约医生是极其困难的。 A.expensive昂贵的；B.risky冒险的； C.difficult困难的；D.common普通的， 普遍的。根据下文“It took nearly six months for her brother to see a doctor. 可知，在那个地方看医生很困难。故 选C 10.D句意：最后，他手臂上那些干燥的 地方原来是湿疹。A.Doubtfully怀疑 地：B.Accidentally偶然地：C.Instantly 立刻，马上；D.Eventually最终。根据 "those dry areas on his arms tumed out to be eczema'”可知，在看过医生之后， 弟弟最终确诊为湿疹。故选D。 11.B句意：在这种情况的激励下，Mesk 利用人工智能加快了这一过程。 A.take down记下；B.speed up加速； C.stick to坚持；D.watch for监视，注 意。根据“It took nearly six months for her brother to see a doctor.”可知， Mesk利用人工智能加速了确诊皮肤 病的过程。故选B。 12.C句意：这位16岁的学生设计了 款创新的软件，可以根据照片快速判 断皮肤状况。A.improve提高，改善； B.control控制；C.determine决定，确 定；D.store储存。根据“skin -506- conditions based on photographs'”可 知，Mesk设计的软件可以根据照片快 速确定皮肤状况。故选C。 13.A句意：她使用超过5万张与皮肤 病相关的公开图片来训练软件。 A.trained训练；B.advertised做广告； C.named给…命名；D.identified鉴 定，识别。根据“using over50,000 publicly available pictures related to skin diseases'”可知，Mesk使用超过5 万张与皮肤病相关的公开图片来训练 软件。故选A。 14.B句意：由于数据库庞大，Derma X的 结果在很大程度上是可靠的。 A.readable通俗易懂的：B.reliable可靠 的：C.predictable可预测的；D.changeable 多变的。根据“Her smartphone app, called Derma X,can diagnose diverse skin diseases.”和“Due to the large database'”可知，Derma X的结果在很 大程度上是可靠的。故选B。 15.B句意：Mesk表示，这款应用对用 户很友好，很多人都接受了它，包括一 位对它评价很高的医生。A.fixed修 理；B.accepted接受；C.guaranteed保 证；D.revised修改，复习。根据“by many including a doctor who thought highly of it'”可知，很多人都接受了这 款应用。故选B。 课时作业42 NNOVATION(二) I.阅读理解 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文 章介绍了太空饮食中食物种类、食物包 装等相关内容。 1.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的 "The same holds true for us here on the space station.”和最后一段中的“Next time I will write about how to cook in space.”可推知，本文以第一人称来陈 述太空饮食方面的内容，因此最有可 能选自宇航员的日志。故选B。 2.C词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句 "The food that we have here on ISS has to meet many different requirements. 以及后文中“the people that you come across,especially when they are from different cultures'”可推知，在太空中可 能会遇见文化习俗不一样的宇航员， 由此可知，peculiarities的意思应是“不 寻常的习惯”。故选C。 3.A推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三 句“To compensate the crews,we are allowed to pick one preference' container which consists of our pick of anything on the US menu list.This allows us some variety in our menu, with the choices up to us.”可推知，作 者提到tortillas的用意是举例解释宇航 员们的“preference container(偏好食 盒)”。故选A。 4.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 "Small things do escape from time to time,but we really try hard to minimize the random flying food problem.”可推 知，食物在太空站乱飞的问题无法避 免。故选C。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文 章主要介绍了MT的Damian Stefaniuk 和团队开发了一种新型超级电容器，它 的材料是水、水泥和碳黑。尽管这种超 级电容器充电速度快，释放能量迅速，但 在实际应用中目前储能较低，未来可用 于储存可再生能源、为电动车无线充电 或作为建筑物的能量储存基础设施。 5.D细节理解题。根据第二段中 "Supercapacitors are highly efficient at storing energy but differ from batteries in some important ways.They can charge much more quickly than a lithium (battery and don't suffer from the same levels of degradation in performance.”可知，超级电容器在储 能方面非常高效，但与电池有一些重 要区别。它们充电速度比锂电池快得 多，且性能衰退程度较低，随着时间的 推移能继续有效工作。故选D项。 6.B推理判断题。根据第五段内容可 推知，这一段主要是用举例子的方式 来阐明超级电容器的应用。故选 B项。 7.B细节理解题。根据最后一段中 “The power‘may seem low compared to conventional batteries,but a foundation with 30-40 cubic metres of concrete could be sufficient to meet the daily energy needs of a residential house',says Stefaniuk..”可知，超级电 容器的广泛应用所面临的挑战是它们 比传统电池储存更少的能量。故选 B项。 8.C推理判断题。根据文章第三段内 容可知，碳水泥超级电容器在全球经 济脱碳的努力中可能发挥重要作用。 如果这种技术能够规模化应用，它将 有助于解决可再生能源储存这一重要 问题。根据文章最后一段中“Given the widespread use of concrete globally, this material has the potential to be highly competitive and useful in energy storage..”也可知，考虑到水泥在全世界 的广泛使用，以其为主要原材料的超 级电容器在储能方面将具备很大的优 势，这有助于解决可再生能源储存的 问题。由此推知，这篇文章的目的是 引入一个解决方案。故选C项。 Ⅱ.语法填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。 文章主要介绍了中国的智能网联汽车 (ICV)产业已经进入了一个技术和生态 快速发展的新阶段。 1.which考查定语从句。句意：根据国 家智能网联汽车创新中心(CICV)发 布的白皮书，中国的智能网联汽车 (ICV)产业努力将车辆与道路和云计 算相结合，已经进入了一个技术和生 态快速发展的新阶段。空格处引导非 限制性定语从句，修饰先行词industry, 指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以此处使 用关系代词which。故填which。 2.featuring考查现在分词。句意同上。 此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词 stage,两者之间为主动关系，所以此处 使用现在分词。故填featuring。 3.application考查名词。句意：工信部 官员苗长兴表示，为了促进其商业应 用，到目前为止，已经颁发了2000多 个道路测试许可证。此处为名词作宾 语，apply的名词为application,意为 “应用”。故填application。 4.have been issued考查动词时态、语态 和主谓一致。句意同上。此处作谓 语，根据时间状语so far可知，此处使 用现在完成时，issue与主语licenses之 间为被动关系，所以此处使用现在完 成时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数。 故填have been issued。 5.an考查冠词。句意同上。official为 可数名词单数，空前无限定词，泛指工 信部的一位官员，使用不定冠词， official的发音以元音音素开头，所以 使用不定冠词an。故填an。 6.Internationally考查副词。句意：在国 际上，中国的进步已经引起了业内领 军人物的注意。此处为副词作状语修 饰整个句子，intemational的副词为 internationally,意为“在国际上”，且位 于句首，首字母需大写。故填 Internationally。 7.advanced考查形容词。句意：一份报 告显示，科技企业家Elon Musk热衷于 将特斯拉先进的自动驾驶技术引入中 国。此处为形容词advanced作定语修 饰名词technology。故填advanced。 8.to考查介词。句意：然而，向自动驾 驶的过渡带来了一些需要解决的挑 战。固定短语transition to sth.意为 “向…的过渡”。故填to。 9.measures考查名词复数。句意：该报 告建议，在广泛采用自动驾驶汽车之 前，应该对其安全措施进行严格的测 试和验证。此处为宾语从句的主语」 所以此处使用名词形式，measure意为 “措施”，为可数名词，其前无限定词修 饰，所以此处应为名词复数。故填 measures。 l0.Based考查过去分词。句意：根据目 前的情况，它还呼吁建立一个全面的 生态系统，以支持自动驾驶技术的研 究、开发和商业化。此处为非谓语动 词作状语，base与某逻辑主语it之间 为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词 作状语，based on意为“基于，根据”， 符合句意，且位于句首，单词首字母 需大写。故填Based。 -507- 写作专练 写作专练（一） I.应用文写作 【范文赏读】 Dear Bruce Hope this letter finds you well.As the leader of our group project on Wildlife Protection,I'd like to share our ideas with you and seek your guidance We plan to create an informative 长见闻的）brochure highlighting the importance of wildlife conservation and ways in which we can contribute to it(“介 词+关系代词”前导定语从句).We also intend to organize a school-wide campaign to raise the awareness about(提高对. 的认识)the issue. Could you please provide us with some suggestions and feedback(反馈意 见)on our project ideas？We greatly appreciate your support and expertise. Yours, Li Hua Ⅱ.读后续写 【范文赏读】 At this very moment,Mr T came up to see what happened to them.Javon,still feel血frustrated(现在分词短语作状语) [心理描写j,complained loudly about the unfairness of Tyler getting extra time on the test.Tyler looked embarrassed and ducked his head(低下头)，remaining silent.Mr T,maintaining his calmness, explained with patience that Tyler had a reading disorder and found it challenging to complete the test within the given time (it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词 不定式).“Sometimes,we all need a little extra help.And it's okay to ask for it."Mr T smiled and gently patted Javon on the shoulder[动作链]， Eventually,Javon understood what a reading disorder was and how to ask for help.He felt guilty for his outburst and apologized to both Mr T and Tyler. Reflecting on his own struggles with math 心理描写]，Javon realized that everyone has their own unique challenges.He decided to seek assistance from Mr T after class,who patiently guided him through the rules and concepts he had been struggling with.With consistent(持续的) effort and determination,Javon gradually improved his math skills,just as he had overcome other obstacles in his life as 导方式状语从句) 写作专练（二） I.应用文写作 【范文赏读】 Dear fellow students. With a growing number of tourists 参考答案☑。