课时作业20 Relationships（二）-【红对勾讲与练·练习手册】2026年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案通用版（北师大版）

课时作业20 REL (总分：3 I.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） o (2025·浙江四校开学联考) People size you up in seconds,but what exactly are they evaluating(评价)？Harvard Business School professor Amy Cuddy has been studying first impressions alongside fellow psychologists Susan Fiske and Peter Glick for more than 15 years,and has discovered patterns in these interactions ()In her new book,Presence,Cuddy says people quickly answer two questions when they first meet you:Can I trust this person?Can I respect this person? Psychologists refer to these factors as warmth and competence (respectively,and ideally you want to be perceived as having both.Interestingly,Cuddy says that most people,especially in a professional environment,believe that competence is the foremost factor.After all,they want to prove that they are smart and talented enough to qualify your business. But in fact,warmth,or trustworthiness,is the most important factor in how people evaluate you. "From an evolutionary view,"Cuddy says,"it is more important to our survival to know whether a person deserves our trust."It makes sense when you consider that in cavemen days it was more important to figure out if your fellow man was going to kill you and steal all your possessions than if he was competent enough to build a good fire. Cuddy's new book explores how to feel more confident.While competence is highly valued,Cuddy says it is evaluated only after trust is established.And focusing too much on displaying your strength can backfire..Cuddy says MBA interns(实习生)are often so concerned about coming across as smart and competent that it can lead them to skip social events, not ask for help,and generally come off as unapproachable. These overachievers are in for a rude awakening when they don't get the job offer because nobody got to know and trust them as people."If someone you're trying to influence doesn't trust you,you're not going to get very far;in fact,you might even cause doubt (横线下方不可作答)3 班级： 姓名： ATIONSHIPS(二) 2.5分)》 because you come across as manipulative(会摆布人 的)，"Cuddy says.“A warm,trustworthy person who is also competent gains admiration,but only after you've established trust does your strength become a gift rather than a threat..” 1.What does the passage mainly tell you? A.People judge you on your look and mind at first sight. B.People judge you on your presence at first sight. C.People judge you on your interaction at first sight. D.People judge you on your warmth and competence initially. 2.The underlined word "foremost"can be replaced by A.very valuable B.changing C.extremely important D.accessible 3.Why does Cuddy refer to cavemen days? A.To stress the importance of survival. B.To show the hardship of ancient times. C.To stress the importance of trust. D.To tell us the importance of ability. 4.Which statement about MBA interns is true in the view of Cuddy? （) A.Their focusing on strengths much brings in some opposite effects. B.Their high ability makes them approachable. C.Their competence is far beyond their warmth. D.Their competence leads them to join in social events. D （2025·八省联考) Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city-in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community.At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair,whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense and exciting urban environments.She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving,and diversity to uniformity. For Jacobs,urban communities are organic beings 33 选择性必修第一册 that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials.The best judges of how a city should be- and how it should develop-are the local residents themselves.Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions. Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community,especially the sidewalks.The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks,which allow people to meet,talk,and get to know one another.Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. Diversity and mixed-use of space are also,for Jacobs,key elements of this urban form.The commercial,business,and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people.There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings,and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused. Finally,urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live,work,and interact.Such high-density spaces are,she feels, engines of creativity and vitality.They are also safe places to be,because the higher density means that there are more "eyes on the street":shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. 5.What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community? A.Efficient public transport. B.Strong interaction between people. C.Uniform style of buildings. D.A comparatively large population. 6.Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development? A.Local residents. B.Government officials. C.City planners. D.Construction workers. 7.How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built?( A.Lined with plants. B.Painted with clear signs. C.Tightly connected. D.Convenient for the old 红对勾·讲与练 3 8.According to Jacobs,the "eyes on the street"bring a sense of A.pride B.comfort C.security D.urgency Ⅱ.阅读七选五（每小题2.5分，共12.5分） (2024·河南创新联盟TOP20调研) Research shows that friendships are really important to all of us.Friendship has a huge impact on your mental health since good friends can help relieve stress,provide comfort and joy,and prevent loneliness. 1()Research shows that lack of social connection may increase the risk of heart disease or diabetes. 2()Spending time with friends helps reduce your stress and supports you through tough times. Friendship is a two-way street,so being there for your friends makes you feel needed and contributes to your own sense of self-worth. A good friend will show a genuine interest in what's going on in your life and how you think and feel.3()As friendship works both ways,a friend is also someone you feel comfortable supporting and accepting,and someone who will listen to you and with whom you can share trust and loyalty. If you are introverted or shy,it can feel uncomfortable to put yourself out there socially.But you don't have to be naturally outgoing to make new friends.4()You'll make far more friends by showing your interest rather than trying to get people interested in you. Making a new friend is just the beginning of the journey.Friendships take time to build and deepen.Be reliable,trustworthy,and willing to share yourself and your time.5()Everyone needs time to be alone or spend time with other people as well.Finally,be forgiving.No friendship develops smoothly,so try to find a way to overcome problems. A.Stress is harmful for mental health. B.But do not forget to give your friends space. C.You can show your true self on social media D.She or he will accept you and listen to you attentively. E.The key to connecting with others is by showing interest in them. F.Close friendships also have a powerful impact on your physical health. G.While developing friendships takes time,healthy friendships benefit a lot. 4 高三英语BS9.A句意：Harris的妻子Denise在网上 的一个台球锦标赛小组中分享了他的 故事和他的需求，希望能找到一个潜 在的活体捐赠者。A.need需求； B.achievement成就；C.doubt怀疑； D.job工作。根据下文“hoping to find al0 living donor'”可知，这是一种 需求。故选A项。 10.B句意同上。A.influential有影响 的；B.potential潜在的；C.financial财 政的：D.traditional传统的。根据常识 可知，因为需要配型，所以捐赠者是 潜在的。故选B项。 ll.D句意：得知Harris的健康状况后， Redhead做了一个决定。A.history历 史；B.reply回复；C.unemployment失 业：D.health健康。根据上文“Harris suddenly suffered from complete renal failure(肾衰竭)”可知，此处表示得 知Harris的健康状况。故选D项。 12.C句意：他打电话给Denise,承诺 说：“别担心。我会这么做（捐献肾 脏)的。”A.recalling回想起； B.predicting预测；C.promising承诺； D.commenting评论。根据下文 “Don't worry..I'll do that.”可知，这是 他的承诺。故选C项。 13.B句意：作为回应，Denise泪流满面 地说：“你不知道这对我们意味着什 么！”A.In turn依次；B.In response作 为回应：C.In return作为回报：D.n fact事实上。根据下文“Denise burst into tears and said.'You don't know what that14tous!'”可知，这是 Denise的回应。故选B项。 l4.D句意同上。A.indicates表明； B.receives接收；C.discovers发现： D.means意味着。Redhead的举动可 能会拯救Harris的性命，所以，这对 Harris及其家人来说意义非凡。故选 D项。 15.A句意：化验显示，Redhead与他的 前竞争对手完全适配。A.former以 前的；B.extra额外的；C.new新的； D.proper恰当的。根据上文“At the time,the two were 2 the top prize”可知，Harris是Redhead的前竞 争对手。故选A项。 课时作业20 RELATIONSHIPS(二) I.阅读理解 C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。人 们最初会根据你的热情和能力来评价 你，但是只有建立信任，你的能力才能得 到认可。 1.D主旨大意题。根据第二段 "Psychologists refer to these factors as warmth and competence(胜任) respectively,and ideally you want to be perceived as having both."及全文内容 可知，文章主要讲了人们最初会根据 你的热情和能力来评价你。 2.C词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句 子“Interestingly,Cuddy says that most people,especially in a professional environment,believe that competence is the foremost factor.”可知，foremost意 为“极其重要的”。 3.C推理判断题。根据第三段“‘From an evolutionary view,'Cuddy says,it is more important to our survival to know whether a person deserves our trust..'”可推断，Cuddy提到穴居时代 是为了强调信任的重要性。 4.A推理判断题。根据第四段“Cuddy says MBA interns(实习生)are often so concerned about coming across as smart and competent that it can lead them to skip social events,not ask for help,and generally come off as unapproachable." 可知，在Cudy看来，MBA实习生过 度专注于能力会带来一些相反的效果。 D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文 章介绍了Jane Jacobs对城市社区的设 想，她认为城市社区应该是一个便于人 们互相接触与交流、彼此了解的地方。 5.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair,whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense 密)and exciting urban environments.” 可知，Jane Jacobs认为人们之间的互动 是城市生活的核心，对于成功的城市 社区是非常重要的。故选B。 6.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的 "The best judges of how a city should be-and how it should develop-are the local residents themselves.”可知，Jane Jacobs认为城市应该如何发展应该由 当地居民决定。故选A。 7.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的 "The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks. which allow people to meet,talk,and get to know one another..”可知，Jane Jacobs建议人行道应该紧密相连，这样 能让人们相遇、交谈和互相了解。故 选C。 8.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 "They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more 'eyes on the street': shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.”可知，“eyes on the street'”指的是店主和当地人对街区的 密切关注，这会带来安全感。故选C。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文 章介绍了友谊的益处和怎样交朋友。 l.F空格前的句子“Friendship has a huge impact on your mental health since good friends can help relieve stress, provide comfort and joy,and prevent -487- loneliness.”提到友谊对心理健康的影 响，而空格后的句子“Research shows that lack of social connection may increase the risk of heart disease or diabetes.”是说缺乏社会联系对身体健 康的影响，所以空格处的句子应该是过 渡句，F项“Close friendships also have a powerful impact on your physical health. (亲密的友谊对你的身体健康也有很大 的影响。)”符合语境。故选F项。 2.G空格后的句子“Spending time with friends helps reduce your stress and supports you through tough times.”是说 友谊的好处，所以空格处的句子应该 提到友谊的益处，G项“While developing friendships takes time, healthy friendships benefit a lot.(虽然 发展友谊需要时间，但健康的友谊让 人受益匪浅。)”符合语境。故选G项。 3.D空格前的句子“A good friend will show a genuine interest in what's going on in your life and how you think and feel.”提到好朋友会怎样做，空格处的 句子应该接着讲述好朋友应该怎样对 待你，D项“She or he will accept you and listen to you attentively..(她或他会 接受你，并认真倾听你。)”符合语境。 故选D项。 4.E空格前的句子“But you don't have to be naturally outgoing to make new friends..”说到“交朋友并不一定要天生 外向”，接着空格处的句子应该解释影 响交朋友的因素，E项“The key to connecting with others is by showing interest in them.(与他人建立联系的关 键是对他们表现出兴趣。)”符合语境。 E项与空格后的句子“You'll make far more friends by showing your interest rather than trying to get people interested in you.”也是顺接关系。故选E项。 5.B空格前的句子“Be reliable, trustworthy,and willing to share yourself and your time..”提到要花时间 和朋友在一起，面空格后的句子 "Everyone needs time to be alone or spend time with other people as well." 提到“每个人都需要独处的时间”，所 以，空格处的句子应该和上文是转折 关系，应该提到“给朋友空间”，B项 "But do not forget to give your friends space.(但是不要忘记给你的朋友空 间。)”符合语境，并与下文顺接。故选 B项。 课时作业21 SUCCESS(一) .阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主 要介绍的是如何正确地对待生活中的 “输”和“赢” 1.C细节理解题。根据尾段中的“And if you don't do very well in a game,try harder to learn for the next one.”可知， 最好的失败者应是在比赛失利后更加 参考答案☑。