第14讲 情节有步骤——如何思-【红对勾讲与练·写作突破】2026年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案通用版（人教版）

Four days later,when I was back in Vienna,I called Gunter as promised.The moment I saw Gunter,I strode to him,and gathered him into my arms with a strong embrace.Happy and excited,he laughed and said he thought I wouldn't show up.I gave him some extra tips as promised but he refused.So I treated him to a cup of coffee instead.Before we parted that day,Gunter 第14讲情节有 一、“负一转一正”的情节轮廓 读后续写可以充分地发挥学生的想象力，提供极大 的创作空间。但是，续写作为一种考试题型，也自然需 要设置考点。续写的“题干”就是所给短文，续写的“设 问”就是段首句提示语。脱离问题本身作答，哪怕很有 文采也是文不对题，可以说，读后续写就是“載着镣铐的 舞蹈”。读后续写，先要“读”，才能“写”。那么我们在 读的时候到底应该关注哪些要点，才能避免偏离整体情 节走向呢？ 要点1：“冲突（负）”决定了故事的起点 所谓情节，指的是作者设计并按某种顺序联结在一 起的行动和事件。而冲突是情节发展的原动力。矛盾 冲突是好故事的基础。正所谓“无冲突则无情节，无情 节则无人物，无人物则无故事”。若无冲突，一切都无法 进展。冲突是导致角色改变的契机。冲突中人物的反 应有助于突出故事的主题。 通过研读历年高考的读后续写故事可以发现，冲突 类型主要有：人与人的冲突、人与自然的冲突、人物的内 心冲突、人与社会的冲突。找到这个矛盾冲突，就找到 了故事的起点。 要点2：“转折（转）”决定了高潮的展开 故事的转折是为了解决之前的矛盾冲突，是之前积 累的矛盾、冲突、负面情绪的集中释放。续写中转折有 可能是题目已经写明或者给出了线索和方向，也有可能 需要学生进行合理的想象，完整构建冲突解决的过程。 这个转折决定了故事高潮的展开。当然转折后冲突也 有可能暂未解决，或者新的冲突会出现。 要点3：“结局（正）”决定了故事的终点 1.“正能量”的结局 高考作为选拔性考试，当然也会包含对价值观的考 查。因此续写文章的主题应该是积极的，结局也应该是 积极的。虽然不能说悲剧的结尾就一定消极，但是在处 理的难度上，“happy ending'”要比“bad ending'”更易于 传播正能量，弘扬真善美。正向的结局决定了故事的 终点。 红勾·讲与练·高三英语RJ fished out his little phone again,patted on my shoulder and smiled,"Let's take a picture together,my friend!"This photo is still on my desk today,which serves as a reminder of trusting others and offering kindness.Every time I think of that cold,wet evening,a warm current still flows through my body. 步骤一如何思 2.“正能量”不等于“皆大欢喜” [典例]“领养小狗” 前情概要：小狗Precious出生就患有唇裂，跟它一 起出生的兄弟姐妹都被人领养了，唯独没有家庭领养 它。最后，一个富有同情心、同样唇裂的小男孩领养了 Precious 随后出现了续写的两个段落的首句： Paragraph 1:The boy bent there pressing his cheek against the small puppy. 翻译：男孩弯下腰，用脸颊贴着小狗。 Paragraph 2:One year later,I was so surprised when that boy with Precious came to me. 翻译：一年后，当那个男孩带着Precious来找我时， 我很惊讶。 续写第二段主要写一年后男孩和Precious的变化， 可以设计多种结局，比如他们相处和睦、十分开心，虽然 都有唇裂的问题，但是积极乐观、友善坚强的精神令人 感动，这也不失为一种好的故事结局。结局虽然没有皆 大欢喜，但是却是满足正能量结局要求的。 3.“结局”不等于“结尾” 除了正能量不等于皆大欢喜外，我们还要注意：故 事的结局不等同于文章的结尾。故事的结局是“矛盾被 解决了”，但文章结尾往往需要我们回扣主题，并对主题 进一步升华。 [典例]“千斤顶” 前情概要：文章讲述了一次作者的车在半路抛锚 了，在路边求助了近三个小时无果，正打算放弃时一个 墨西哥家庭帮助了作者，作者硬塞给了他们20美元表 达感谢。 随后出现了续写的两个段落的首句： Paragraph 1:When I was about to say goodbye,the girl asked if I'd had lunch. 翻译：当我正要说再见时，女孩问我是否吃过午饭。 Paragraph 2:After they left,I got into my Jeep and opened the paper bag. 翻译：他们离开后，我钻进吉普车，打开纸袋。 6- 根据续写段落的首句给出的线索可知故事讲述的 是墨西哥家庭的善行，第二段故事的结局应该描写纸袋 中有作者给他们的20美元，以及作者的感激之情。所 给材料开头交代了故事背景： During this past year,I've had three instances of car trouble.Each time these things happened,I was sick of the way most people hadn't bothered to help. 翻译：在过去的一年里，我遇到过三次汽车故障。 每次发生这种事情时，大多数人都不愿意帮忙，我对此 感到厌倦。 因此，在得到陌生人的帮助后，我们应该回扣“人们 不愿意伸出援助之手”这个点，对主题进行升华，进行结 尾。比如： It is awesome to know that while many people tend to ignore those in need,there are some kind-hearted ones who go out of their way to lend a hand.They are a perfect example of what kindness really means.And I'm sure I will pay it forward. 翻译：尽管很多人往往无视那些需要帮助的人，但 总有一些善良的人会特意伸出援手，知道这一点，让人 感觉很棒。他们完美地诠释了善良真正意味着什么，我 也一定会把它传递下去。 下面，我们主要以高考真题为例，粗线条地梳理一 下“负一转一正”的故事线，宏观地把握故事的走向。 下文将用“（负）”标记“冲突”或者说“负面情节”的截 止位置，用“（转）”标记“转折”的截止位置，用“（正）” 标记“正向结局”的截止位置，梳理概括大体的情节梗 概，并推测正能量的结局。 1.“负一转一正” [典例]“拍摄北极熊”（浙江卷改编） One fall,my wife Elli and I had a single goal:to photograph polar bears.We were staying at a research camp outside“the polar bear capital of the world”一the town of Churchill in Manitoba,Canada. Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous.Polar bears-like all wild animals-should be photographed from a safe distance.When I'm face to face with a polar bear,I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens.But sometimes,that is easier said than done.This was one of those times. As Elli and I cooked dinner,a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed,and smelled our garlic bread. The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence.He pulled and bit the wire.He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts. 入 Terrified,Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.We yelled at the bear,hit pots hard,and fired blank shotgun shells into the air.Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.Not this polar bear though-he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws(爪子). I radioed the camp manager for help.He told me a helicopter was on its way,but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived.Making the best of this close encounter (相遇)，I took some pictures of the bear. Elli and I feared the fence wouldn't last through 30 more minutes of the bear's punishment.The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray.The spray burns the bears'eyes,but doesn't hurt them.So I approached our uninvited guest slowly and,through the fence, sprayed him in the face..With an angry roar(吼叫)，the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes. A few minutes later,the bear headed back to our camp. (负) At that very moment,the helicopter arrived. (转) (正) 情节推测：所给文章提到作者和妻子E去加拿大 拍摄北极熊。而后，北极熊袭击了他们的营地。由续写 第二段首句“At that very moment,the helicopter arrived.”可知，“直升机的到来”就应该是转折的开始。 而故事的结局应该是正向的。 前情提要 “我”和妻子Ei去加拿大拍摄北极熊 负- 转↑ 正+ 北极熊袭击了“我 直升机来了… “我们”获救了 们”的营地 2.“负一转一负一转一负一转一正” [典例]“诚信之美”(2024·新课标I卷) I met Gunter on a cold,wet and unforgettable evening in September.I had planned to fly to Vienna and 7- 第五部分写作之读后续写目。 take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big storm,my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague.(The moment I got off the plane,I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.(转) That was when I met Gunter.I told him where I was going,but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station.I thought my pronunciation was the problem,so I explained again more slowly,but he still looked confused.(When I was about to give up,Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century,Gunter put his phone down and started the car. (转) Finally,with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station.Thankfully,there was a long queue (B )still waiting to board the bus.Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus,turned around,and looked at me with a big smile on his face.“We made it,.”he said. Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard.He tried it several times,but the card machine just did not play along.A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out. At this moment,Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station.There,at the entrance,was a cash machine.I jumped out of the car,made a mad run for the machine,and popped my card in,only to read the message:“Out of order..Sorry.”(负) I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. (转) Four days later,when I was back in Vienna,I called Gunter as promised. (正) 红对勾·讲与练·高三英语RJ -1 情节推测：所给短文提到“我”计划飞往维也纳，然 后乘坐公共汽车前往布拉格参加一个会议，这是矛盾冲 突的开始。文中出现了多处矛盾冲突和转折。先是因 暴风雨航班延误，离最后一班开往布拉格的公共汽车出 发只有30分钟（负），“我”跳上了车站的第一辆出租 车，遇到了司机冈特（转）。再到我们二人沟通不畅 (负)，后来，冈特在他朋友的帮助下，知道了“我”的目 的地（转）。当“我们”成功到达公共汽车站时，“我”尝 试多种方法，却没办法成功支付车费（负）。根据续写 部分第一段首句“我跑回冈特那里，告诉他这个坏消 息。”可知，此处应是转折的起点，而根据续写部分第二 段首句“四天后，当我回到维也纳时，我如约给冈特打了 电话。”可知，结局应该是正能量的。 前情提要 在九月的一个寒冷、潮湿且难忘的夜晚，“我”遇到了冈特。 “我”原本计划飞往维也纳，然后乘坐公共汽车前往布拉格参加 一个会议 负- 转 负 转↑ 负一 转↑ 正+ 因暴风雨 “我”与 成功到 航班延“我”跳 冈特承 达公共 四天后， 误，离最上了车 冈特在他 诺四天 “我”回 后一班开站的第 朋友的帮 汽车站， 二人 后回到 但尝试 往布拉格 一辆出沟通助下，知 到维也 多种方 维也纳 纳，如约 的公共汽租车，遇不畅 道了“我” 时再支 法，仍没 支付了 车出发只到了司 的目的地 付车费， 办法支 车费 有30分钟机冈特 冈特欣 付车费 然接受 二、段首句决定情节走向 确定了故事的“负”（矛盾）和“正”（结局）后，我们 就可以大体勾勒出“负一转一正”的情节轮廓。就像是 定好了旅行的起点和终点，但是从起，点到终点，可以有 各种各样的路径。续写中给出的两个段落的首句，就是 起到了限定情节走向的作用，某种程度上限定了中间路 径的可选范围。 相对而言，续写第二段的首句对情节走向的限制性 会更强，因为第一段的首句影响第一段的续写，而第二 段的首句则对续写的两段都有影响。 我们可以采取“六句定框架”的方法构思情节走 向，“六句”是指“三衔两句一升华”： “三衔”指的是：第一个提示句后的衔接句（衔1）、 第一段的结尾句（衔2）和所给的第二段的首句后的衔 接句（衔3）。 “两句”指的是：第一段第一个衔接句后的过渡句 (过渡1)和第二段衔接句后的过渡句（过渡2），也是正 向结局句。 “一升华”指的是：文尾升华句，即在结尾照应主题 或提炼主题（不一定有）。 8- 正向结局，就是人们所期塑的圆满结局，如遇险了 最终会脱险，迷路了最终会回来，失败了最终会成功，有 误会最终会消除，吵架了最终会和好，犯错了最终会改 过自新，犯法了最终会绳之以法，东西坏了最终会修好， 分别了最终会重逢，有困难最终会战胜，有问题最终会 解决等。 [典例]“自我突破”(2023·新课标I卷) When I was in middle school,my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.I said no without thinking.I did not love writing.My family came from Brazil,so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play,where I played all the parts.No one laughed harder than he did. So,why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail?His reply:"Because I love your stories.If you're willing to apply yourself,I think you have a good shot at this."Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try. I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject.Paul Revere was a silversmith (in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18,1775 to Lexington to wam people that British soldiers were coming.My story would come straight from the horse's mouth.Not a brilliant idea,but funny;and unlikely to be anyone else's choice. What did the horse think,as he sped through the night?Did he get tired?Have doubts?Did he want to quit?I sympathized immediately.I got tired.I had doubts.I wanted to quit.But,like Revere's horse,I kept going.I worked hard.I checked my spelling.I asked my older sister to correct my grammar.I checked out a half- dozen books on Paul Revere from the library.I even read a few of them. When I handed in the essay to my teacher,he read it,laughed out loud,and said,"Great.Now,write it again."I wrote it again,and again and again.When I finally finished it,the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing.If I didn't win,I wouldn't care 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 -1 A few weeks later,when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation. 情节构建：文章讲述了上中学时，“我”的社会学老 师让“我”参加一个英语写作比赛。“我”不喜欢写作， 于是“我”想都没想就拒绝了，因为英语是“我”的第二 语言。后来在老师的鼓励下，“我”同意试一试。“我” 选择Revere的马作为话题，想以马的口吻创作。这个 想法有趣且别出心裁。在反复修改的过程中，“我”渐 渐喜欢上写作，且已经不在乎比赛的结果了。 已知文本交代了“我”沉浸在写作中，甚至不再在 乎比赛的输赢。从第二段首句“I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation.”的提示，我们可以推 断出，有关比赛的消息是关于获奖的信息，导致“我”在 颁奖仪式后去老师的办公室。从第一段首句“Afew weeks later,when I almost forgot the contest,there came the news.”的提示可知，故事情节是“我”在几乎遗忘比 赛的情况下，突然得到了某种消息。因此，续写的第一 段应该用“悬念一揭示”的常规思路，描写“我”如何接 到这个消息以及消息的内容。而第二段应该聚焦于 “我”在颁奖仪式后的心情和行为。 因此，本文续写情节构思如下： A few weeks later,when I almost forgot the contest,there came the news. 衔接句：消息是什么？ 过渡句：听到这个消息“我”有什么反应？ 衔接句：颁奖典礼上发生了什么？ I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation. 衔接句：得知获奖，老师的反应是什么？ 过渡句：“我”对老师的反应做出什么回应？ 升华句：“我”是否受到鼓舞？受到鼓舞后，“我”会做什么？ 通过对以上问题进行详细地回答，我们就可以构建 出合理的故事情节线。 9- 第五部分写作之读后续写