第13讲 读文有技巧——如何读-【红对勾讲与练·写作突破】2026年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案通用版（人教版）

续表 精彩点评 四档作文用词比较准确，使用了wht引导的宾语从句和动词不定式等，虽然语言表达上偶有错句，但从总体上看，是一篇不错的 作文。五档升级后的作文，语言更地道、表达更自然流畅，运用了并列谓语、非谓语动词、倒装句、名词性从句等高级表达，可谓妙笔生 花，技高一筹。 (1)四档作文共152(69+83)词，五档作文共157(72+85)词，都符合该题型的词数要求。 (2)动词连用精彩展现：两档作文都在第一段开头连续用了动词go,buy,get,make,put等，生动描绘了Mrs Meredith及家人说干就干 快速行动的生动场景。 (3)语言妙用描述生动：五档作文中明喻句“The smile on his face was as brilliant as the sun on a spring day..”的使用，生动地展现了 Bemard成功后的喜悦。 (4)词句升级提升档次：相比四档作文，五档作文①词汇的提升有三处：vey→nore than,so→herefore,.g0→work out:②句式的提升有 三处；并列谓语，on doing,部分倒装的使用。 (S)衔接自然融为一体：五档作文语句中使用了显性衔接，以时间为序，用then衔接上文，之后又用and,therefore,after that等过渡词 使文章浑然一体。 二、解题攻略 1.语篇主题是作者写作的主旨或某种情感的寄托，所有故事情节都是围绕着主题展开。 宏观把握语篇主题，预测所 2.所提供语篇的主题句是文章展开的根本和核心，也是预知文章框架的基础和前提。 给语篇的整体架构关系 3.各段落主题句是为总主题句服务的，同时也是续写后续情节的前奏和基础。 4.续写段落的首句往往是故事的分主题句，对该段落的写作起导向作用 1.情节续写要向正能量方向延展才符合作者的本意： 关注续写段落首句与上下 2.故事的内涵要丰富，情节要有起伏，具有可读性和一定的教育意义； 读 文的联系，微观预测语篇行 续写 3.故事的结尾往往是故事的主题升华之处： 文缺失的情节 4.段落首句的承上启下使续写内容与原文内容连贯、协同、顺理成章 解题 1.情感。“直陈式”情感是指直接运用情感词语来描述人物的情感：“委婉式”情感则指 注意情感与文风的协同，保 利用感官、表情、声音、体态语言等间接体现人物的某种情感。 持语篇整体叙述基调 2.行文。同学们还可以运用比喻、夸张、拟人、拟物等修辞手法描绘人物的情感，亦可运 用省略、倒装、强调等语法手段来表达人物的情感 合理安排“变式”表达，提升 1.写作时，一定要正确表达，合理续写，快速成文 行文流利度 2.可以灵活运用省略、倒装、强调等特殊句式或结构，使行文言简意赅，句式多变 第13讲 读文有技巧—如何读 读是为了更好地写。续写之前，学生需阅读文章内 一、读要素和主题—确定续写基调 容，确定文章的主题和情节脉络。抓住文中关键人物的 读后续写一般都是记叙文。我们通过读所给文本， 性格和语言、动作中体现出来的细节，梳理阅读文本的 提炼出记叙文六要素(who,what,when,where,why和 逻辑结构。积累文中主题词句及熟悉文章的写作风格、 how),弄清文章大意和主题，理清文章脉络，把握续写 修辞手法等，并对续写内容进行合理的想象，为后续自 情节的大致走向。 主创作搭建合理的情景模型。 [典例]“诚信之美”(2024·新课标I卷) 读什么？ I met Gunter on a cold,wet and unforgettable 一、读要素和主题 evening in September.I had planned to fly to Vienna 二、读所给段首句 理故事要素和主题 思故事情节走向， 为续写走向定基调 and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a 为续写两段定框架 三、读情节冲突 big storm,my flight had been delayed by an hour and a 四、读伏笔铺垫 寻故事情节冲突， half.I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before 为续写精彩供动力 找故事伏笔铺垫， 五、读人物性格 the departure of the last bus to Prague.The moment I 为续写呼应寻细节 析人物语言动作， got off the plane,I ran like crazy through the airport 六、读语言风格 为续写角色定情感 building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank 析描述语言风格， 为续写语言求协同 without a second thought. 2烟闪·讲与练·高三英语RJ -112- That was when I met Gunter.I told him where I was 续表 going,but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station.I 3.两条主线： ①故事情节线：参与会议因暴风雨航班延误→下飞机后打出 thought my pronunciation was the problem,so I 租车去公共汽车站出租车上沟通不畅成功到达公共汽车 explained again more slowly,but he still looked 站→公共汽车还有两分钟就开了→发现没带现金银行卡支 confused.When I was about to give up,Gunter fished 付失败→去取款机取钱失败→告诉Gunter坏消息→重回维 out his little phone and rang up a friend.After a heated 也纳。 discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, ②情感发展线：“我”有以下心理变化：anxious(下飞机后打出 Gunter put his phone down and started the car. 租车时)→relieved(成功到达公共汽车站时)→frustrated and Finally,with just two minutes to spare we rolled into helpless(发现没带现金且尝试多种方式失败后)→grateful and the bus station.Thankfully,there was a long queue touched(“我”许诺四天后支付，Gunter同意时)→lucky and still waiting to board the bus.Gunter parked the taxi fulfilled(四天后重回维也纳，“我”遵守了承诺后) behind the bus,turned around,and looked at me with a 二、读所给段首句—确定续写框架 big smile on his face..“We made it,.”he said. 第一段首句是原文内容的衔接和延伸，第二段首句 Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my 是第一段内容的衔接和延伸。在第一段最后往往有与 wallet.I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out 第二段首句相关联的语句，这样两段之间自然衔接，思 my Portuguese bankcard.He tried it several times, 路一致，形成一个整体。学生可以尝试倒推法，因为第 but the card machine just did not play along.A feeling 二段首句就是第一段发生内容的延伸，从第二段首句着 of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue 手，就可以知道第一段所发生的事情，从而推知第一段 thinning out. 续写内容。关于如何根据续写首句，思考情节发展走 At this moment,Gunter pointed towards the waiting 向，我们将在第14讲中详细讲解，在此不再赘述。 hall of the bus station.There,at the entrance,was a cash 三、读情节冲突—丰富故事情节 machine.I jumped out of the car,made a mad run for 冲突是指两个或两个以上对立方的矛盾冲突。没 the machine,and popped my card in,only to read the 有冲突，就没有故事情节的发展。冲突的类型包括人物 message:“Out of order.Sorry.” 的内心冲突、人与人的冲突（角色之间的冲突）、人与社 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. 会的冲突、人与自然的冲突（角色与环境的冲突）等。 矛盾冲突决定了双线（情节线和情感线）的跌宕起伏。 Four days later,when I was back in Vienna,I called [典例]“拍摄北极熊”（浙江卷改编） Gunter as promised. One fall,my wife Elli and I had a single goal:to photograph polar bears.We were staying at a research I.Gunter who The story is about the author's unexpected camp outside“the polar bear capital of the world”一the encounter with gunter. In and around vienna International Airport what a taxi driver who helped town of Churchill in Manitoba,Canada. at the bus station to him reach the bus station despite the author having Prague where the a story Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also author intended to (Trust and no cash to pay. where catch a bus honesty in To catch the last dangerous.Polar bears-like all wild animals-should be an urgent why Hbus to prague for situation) On a cold,wet and a conference. photographed from a safe distance.When I'm face to face unforgettable evening in September.just 30 when with a polar bear,I like it to be through a camera with a minutes before the last hoW包 bus to Prague departed telephoto lens.But sometimes,that is easier said than done.This was one of those times. As Elli and I cooked dinner,a young male polar l.文章主题：Trust and honesty in an urgent situation 2.文章大意：九月的一个难忘的晚上，因暴风雨导致航班延误 bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed,and 一个半小时，作者匆忙下机赶乘去布拉格的末班车。在机场作 smelled our garlic bread. 者跳上第一辆出租车，遇到了司机冈特。由于他没听过作者要 The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, 去的公共汽车站，他打电话询问朋友后送作者到达目的地，到 which was surrounded by a high wire fence.He pulled 达时作者发现没现金支付车费，而出租车上的刷卡机也无法使 and bit the wire.He stood on his back legs and pushed 用，冈特指给作者一台取款机，但机器却坏了 at the wooden fence posts. -113- 第五部分写作之读后续写 写、 Terrified,Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions [典例1]“南瓜套头”（浙江卷改编） we knew.We yelled at the bear,hit pots hard,and fired blank shotgun shells into the air.Sometimes loud noises This year,it was hard to tell whether my prize or the like these will scare bears off.Not this polar bear one chosen by my 14-year-old brother,Jason,was the though-he just kept trying to tear down the fence with winner.Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before his massive paws(爪子). taking out their insides,but I was determined to prove my I radioed the camp manager for help.He told me point.All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table, a helicopter was on its way,but it would be 30 minutes with my mom filming the annual event.I'm unsure now before it arrived.Making the best of this close encounter why I thought forcing my head inside the pumpkin would settle the matter,but it seemed to make perfect sense at (相遇)，I took some pictures of the bear. the time. Elli and I feared the fence wouldn't last through 30 more minutes of the bear's punishment.The camp Paragraph 1:I was stuck for five or six minutes manager suggested I use pepper spray.The spray burns though it felt much longer. the bears'eyes,but doesn't hurt them.So I approached Paragraph 2:That video was posted the day before our uninvited guest slowly and,through the fence, Halloween. sprayed him in the face.With an angry roar(吼叫)， 点拨：在浙江卷的读后续写题中，所给短文中其实 the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes. 提到了“我们在忙碌的时候，妈妈在拍摄记录这一年度 A few minutes later,the bear headed back to our 活动”，这新解释了续写第二段首句中“That video”的出 camp.… 处。而如果没有注意到这个细节，那么就有可能会失 点拨：（文中加黑部分）表现出作者与熊的冲突逐 误，会设置其他人来拍摄视频，导致“续写事故”。 渐升级的三次对抗： [典例2]“越野赛跑”(2022·新高考I卷) 作者和他的妻字Ei在营地做晚饭时，二 第一次 只熊被面包香味吸引而来，用巨大的爪子 I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach 对抗 拍打营地四周的栅栏。这对夫妻设法驱 and asked him what had happened."I was afraid that 赶熊，但无果 kids from other schools would laugh at him,"he 作 作者通过无线电向营地老板求援，得知救 explained uncomfortably."I gave him the choice to run 者与熊 第二次 援直升机30分钟之后才能到达，而营地栅 or not,and let him decide." 对抗 栏难以坚持这么长时间，于是，作者听从 ...He always participated to the best of his ability in 突 营地老板的建议，向熊喷了辣椒水 whatever they were doing.That was why none of the 熊被激怒，去湖边清洗眼睛之后，又赶回 children thought it unusual that David had decided to 第三次 营地。接下来会发生什么？这是需要学 join the cross-country team.It just took him longer- 对抗 生设计的情节内容 that's all.David had not missed a single practice,and 四、读伏笔铺垫—呼应前文细节 although he always finished his run long after the other 对于创作者而言，“挖坑”和“填坑”是创作的一大 children,he did always finish.As a special education teacher at the school,I was familiar with the challenges 乐趣。而且就像完形填空题型中的“复现”一样，文章 David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 中重要的细节本来就会反复出现，反复被强调。对于读 Paragraph 1:We sat down next to each other,but 者来说，读到一个之前出现过的细节，会自动脑补故事 David wouldn't look at me. 的情节。对于题型而言，读后续写要求续写内容和所给 Paragraph 2:I watched as David moved up to the 短文是一脉相承的，那么最好的方式就是呼应所给短文 starting line with the other runners. 中的细节。抓住可以呼应的细节，可以帮助我们打开思 点拨：作者是一名特殊教育老师，在大型越野赛跑 路，而且有些时候，前文的细节对续写部分会起到限定 那天，发现患有脑部疾病的David准备放弃比赛。作者 作用，忽略了重要的细节，很可能导致“故事续写”变成 从教练口中得知，因为担心来自其他学校的选手会嘲笑 前后矛盾的“续写事故”。 David,所以教练想让David自已决定是否参加赛跑。 2对闪·讲与练·高三英语RJ -114- 原文中提到了两处细节，一是教练的担心，二是由健忘(absent--minded and forgetful),第一段中可以设计 于David一直很努力，同学们没觉得他跟正常孩子有什 妈妈忘记带野炊灶具的情节；因为妈妈善良有爱心 么不同。在续写部分，第一段可以呼应原文第一处伏 (loving,sweet),所以可设计妈妈故意把新帐篷落在宿 笔，在作者鼓励David参加比赛后，教练不再担心。第 营地，留给无家可归的人，让他们遮风避雨。使用forget 二段呼应原文第二处伏笔，描写David在赛跑的过程 一词把妈妈的善良和健忘完美结合，一语双关。这两个 中，同学们为他加油喝彩。这样整个故事的前因后果一 情节内容与原材料对妈妈的人设前后呼应，高度契合。 目了然，十分清晰。 六、读语言风格一追求风格一致 五、读人物性格—塑造人物形象 续写是对原文的延续与收尾，因此语言上也要求与 阅读文本时我们常有一种代入感，感觉故事主人公 原文的语言风格保持一致，这样才能实现浑然一体。 就如同我们身边的熟人，甚至是与我们自己性格一样的 [典例]2024年新课标I卷读后续写原文语言十分丰富 人。因此，无论主人公的个性多么鲜明和生动，也包含 (短文见本讲一中的[典例])，现对语言特点分析如下： 普遍意义的共性。所以塑造人物时要凸显其性格特征。 写作手法 例句 [典例]“与健忘妈妈一起去旅游”（浙江卷） DThe moment I got off the plane,I ran like crazy I had an interesting childhood:It was filled with through the airport building and jumped into the first surprise and amusements,all because of my mother- taxi on the rank without a second thought. loving,sweet,and yet absent-minded and forgetful. 2Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus,turned One strange family trip we took when I was eleven tells a 动作链的 around,and looked at me with a big smile on his lot about her. 使用 face. My two sets of grandparents lived in Colorado and 3I jumped out of the car,made a mad run for the North Dakota,and my parents decided to spend a few machine,and popped my card in,only to read the weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights message:"Out of order.Sorry." along the way.As the first day of our trip approached, DI ran like crazy through the airport building... 夸张修辞 David,my eight-year-old brother,and I unwillingly said 2After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed 的使用 good-bye to all of our friends.Who knew if we'd ever like a century... see them again?Finally,the moment of our departure 无灵主语A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the arrived,and we loaded suitcases,books,games, 的使用 bus queue thinning out camping equipment,and a tent into the car and bravely I told him where I was going,but he said he hadn't drove off.We bravely drove off again two hours later heard of the bus station.I thought my pronunciation 镜头切换 after we'd returned home to get the purse and traveler's was the problem,so I explained again more slowly, 互动交替 checks Mom had forgotten. but he still looked confused.When I was about to 式描写 give up,Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up David and I were always a little nervous when using a friend. gas station bathrooms if Mom was driving while Dad 直接引语①“We made it,”he said. slept:"You stand outside the door and play lookout( 非常简洁②“Out of order..Sorry..” while I go,and I'll stand outside the door and play lookout while you go."I had terrible pictures in my 朗读下面续写短文，体会其语言协同风格 mind:“Honey,where are the kids?”“What?！Oh, I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.I Gosh...I thought they were being awfully quiet."We finished my words with difficulty,stared at the card in were never actually left behind in a strange city,but we my hand,and then looked up into his eyes with shame weren't about to take any chances... and embarrassment.To my surprise,Gunter comforted Paragraph 1:The next day we remembered the me with a big smile,which calmed me down.Plucking brand-new tent we had brought with us. up my courage,I explained my situation to him and Paragraph 2:We drove through several states and promised to pay off the fare and some extra tips four days saw lots of great sights along the way. later when I was back in Vienna."No problem!"he 点拨：阅读文本，体会加黑部分的用法 smiled.Having left my phone number,I hurried to catch 文中对主人公my mother的性格用形容词loving, the bus.When I looked back,I saw him waving me sweet,absent--minded,forgetful进行了描绘。因为妈妈 goodbye -115- 第五部分写作之读后续写 写。 Four days later,when I was back in Vienna,I fished out his little phone again,patted on my shoulder called Gunter as promised.The moment I saw Gunter,I and smiled,"Let's take a picture together,my strode to him,and gathered him into my arms with a friend!"This photo is still on my desk today,which strong embrace.Happy and excited,he laughed and said serves as a reminder of trusting others and offering he thought I wouldn't show up.I gave him some extra kindness.Every time I think of that cold,wet evening,a tips as promised but he refused.So I treated him to a cup warm current still flows through my body of coffee instead.Before we parted that day,Gunter 第14讲 情节有步骤一如何思 一、“负一转一正”的情节轮廓 2.“正能量”不等于“皆大欢喜” 读后续写可以充分地发挥学生的想象力，提供极大 [典例]“领养小狗” 的创作空间。但是，续写作为一种考试题型，也自然需 前情概要：小狗Precious出生就患有唇裂，跟它一 要设置考点。续写的“题干”就是所给短文，续写的“设 起出生的兄弟姐妹都被人领养了，唯独没有家庭领养 问”就是段首句提示语。脱离问题本身作答，哪怕很有 它。最后，一个富有同情心、同样唇裂的小男孩领养了 文采也是文不对题，可以说，读后续写就是“戴着镣铐的 Precious。 舞蹈”。读后续写，先要“读”，才能“写”。那么我们在 随后出现了续写的两个段落的首句： 读的时候到底应该关注哪些要点，才能避免偏离整体情 Paragraph 1:The boy bent there pressing his cheek 节走向呢？ against the small puppy 要点1：“冲突（负）”决定了故事的起点 翻译：男孩弯下腰，用脸颊贴着小狗。 所谓情节，指的是作者设计并按某种顺序联结在一 Paragraph 2:One year later,I was so surprised 起的行动和事件。而冲突是情节发展的原动力。矛盾 when that boy with Precious came to me. 冲突是好故事的基础。正所谓“无冲突则无情节，无情 翻译：一年后，当那个男孩带着Precious来找我时， 节则无人物，无人物则无故事”。若无冲突，一切都无法 我很惊讶。 续写第二段主要写一年后男孩和Precious的变化， 进展。冲突是导致角色改变的契机。冲突中人物的反 可以设计多种结局，比如他们相处和睦、十分开心，虽然 应有助于突出故事的主题。 都有唇裂的问题，但是积极乐观、友善坚强的精神令人 通过研读历年高考的读后续写故事可以发现，冲突 感动，这也不失为一种好的故事结局。结局虽然没有皆 类型主要有：人与人的冲突、人与自然的冲突、人物的内 大欢喜，但是却是满足正能量结局要求的。 心冲突、人与社会的冲突。找到这个矛盾冲突，就找到 3.“结局”不等于“结尾” 了故事的起点。 除了正能量不等于皆大欢喜外，我们还要注意：故 要点2：“转折（转）”决定了高潮的展开 事的结局不等同于文章的结尾。故事的结局是“矛盾被 故事的转折是为了解决之前的矛盾冲突，是之前积 解决了”，但文章结尾往往需要我们回扣主题，并对主题 累的矛盾、冲突、负面情绪的集中释放。续写中转折有 进一步升华。 可能是题目已经写明或者给出了线索和方向，也有可能 [典例们“千斤顶” 需要学生进行合理的想象，完整构建冲突解决的过程。 前情概要：文章讲述了一次作者的车在半路抛锚 这个转折决定了故事高潮的展开。当然转折后冲突也 了，在路边求助了近三个小时无果，正打算放弃时一个 有可能暂未解决，或者新的冲突会出现。 墨西哥家庭帮助了作者，作者硬塞给了他们20美元表 要点3：“结局（正）”决定了故事的终点 达感谢。 1.“正能量”的结局 随后出现了续写的两个段落的首句： 高考作为选拔性考试，当然也会包含对价值观的考 Paragraph 1:When I was about to say goodbye,the 查。因此续写文章的主题应该是积极的，结局也应该是 girl asked if I'd had lunch. 积极的。虽然不能说悲剧的结尾就一定消极，但是在处 翻译：当我正要说再见时，女孩问我是否吃过午饭。 理的难度上，“happy ending”要比“bad ending”更易于 Paragraph 2:After they left,I got into my Jeep and 传播正能量，弘扬真善美。正向的结局决定了故事的 opened the paper bag. 终点。 翻译：他们离开后，我钻进吉普车，打开纸袋。 2对闪·讲与练·高三英语RJ -116-