课时作业4 Sports and Fitness-【红对勾讲与练·练习手册】2026年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案通用版（人教版）

班级： 姓名： 课时作业4 SPORTS AND FITNESS (总分：35分) I.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） 1.What does the word "It"underlined in paragraph 2 A refer to? A.The serious injury to his leg. (2025·重庆八中高三开学考) B.The childhood baseball dream. Baseball was everything to Walker Smallwood.But C.The risk of multiple surgeries. when he was just 14 years old,he got heartbreaking D.The long-term mental stress. news that he had a rare form of bone cancer growing in 2.Which of the following best describes Walker his left leg.His baseball playing came to a sudden stop Smallwood? as he spent the next three years undergoing six A.Confident and energetic. surgeries,24 treatments and 18 hospital stays. B.Ambitious and determined. The young pitcher's leg would never be strong C.Brilliant and considerate. enough to make competitive playing an option."At the D.Optimistic and independent. time I guess I was just kind of in denial (),3.Why does the author mention a World Series ring in because my whole life,day in and day out,was built the last paragraph? () around baseball and sports,"Walker said."It was pretty A.To emphasize the value of cherishing every disastrous,"his mom Pam said.The most the 17-year- moment. old would be able to do is play catch with his teammates B.To stress the significance of any championship as they warmed up for their games. prize. As the team approached the final game of the C.To highlight Walker's personal success at the season,Walker's parents and coach agreed that he could game. pitch(投球)for an inning(一局)or two for the old D.To serve as a reminder of challenges in Walker's time's sake. life. "Say you did it,have some fun,and then that'll 4.What can we learn from Walker's story? be it.Obviously,that's not what happened,"Walker A.Misfortune can tell us what fortune is. said. B.You can't teach an old dog new tricks. What ended up happening was more than anyone C.Constant dropping wears away a stone. ever expected.Walker not only threw solid pitches in D.What doesn't kill you makes you stronger. that first inning,but he also ended up pitching a no- B hitter.The coach decided to keep him in the game until he started giving up pitches,but that never (2025·八省联考) happened.Smallwood struck out all but two hitters for Want to learn a new language or get A's in college the entire game and tied a school record in the process. exams?Previous studies have shown that exercise can "I was in tears,most of the stands were in tears- help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert ( just one of those special moments that we'll cherish new information into long-term memory.A new study forever,"Mom Pam said.Smallwood may never play has taken this information one step further and found the again.He's actually fine with that now because who best time when exercise can help maximize learning. needs a World Series ring when you've already taken on Building upon past research that found exercise your greatest competitor and gone undefeated. releases biochemicals that improve mental function, (横线下方不可作答) 439 必修第一册 scientists at Radboud University and the University of 7.Why did the participants return to the lab two Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise later? was most beneficial to learning. A.To do a medical examination. Participants-72 healthy male and female adults- B.To have their memory tested. were first asked to perform a computer test that C.To get their workouts recorded. challenged their visual and spatial learning.After the D.To finish their previous tasks. test,all of the subjects watched nature documentaries,8.What might the author's marathon running prove? but two-thirds of them also exercised.Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 A.The findings of the study are reliable. minutes immediately after the test.The other half did the B.Long-distance runners are often smart. same exercise but not until four hours after they had been C.Studies on the marathon are not enough. tested. D.Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. Two days later,.all of the participants returned toⅡ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共l5分） 得分 the lab for a recall test,and they were connected to (2024·安徽池州高三模拟) MRI(磁共振成像)machines to assess their brain The saying“All roads lead to Xianyang”may not activity.The participants who exercised four hours after be widely known,but it is the 1 (true）in taking the computer test were able to recall what they history.After Qin Shi Huang,the first emperor of had learned most accurately.Their brainwaves also China,unified the country in 221 BCE,he began showed more consistent levels of activity,indicating building state-level roads,Xianyang 2 the that their brains were less taxed to remember what they center.Several long roads were therefore completed, had learned. 3 (cover)a distance of about 750 kilometers, According to this research,the best time to running through plains,mountains,grasslands,deserts, exercise to improve learning is four hours after and finally leading to Xianyang,the capital city. studying.But why?That's one question the researchers Like the Great Wall,these roads,4 have yet to answer.Another question left unanswered is(call)Qin Zhidao,literally the Qin Direct Paths or Qin the level of exercise that might best improve learning.Highways,are considered another miracle in Qin I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my Dynasty.Generally,the roads were 20 to 60 meters brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough wide and 50 cars could run side by side at the same time workout.But the researchers noted that light workouts on their 5(wide)sections.The firmly made might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost surface 6 shape)like a turtle back above the to improve learning. ground to avoid standing water at that time.Another 5.What did the new study aim to explore? amazing fact is that grass 7 (rare）grows on A.When exercise is best for learning. the road and many parts are still in good condition even B.What biochemicals are good for health today C.How brainwaves should be measured. The mysterious ancient roads,8 date D.Which area of the brain is the most active. back over 2,200 years and predate the Roman Roads by 6.What were all the participants asked to do during the over 200 years,are known to be 9 natural experiment? ( )museum in the history of road construction.Historians A.Train on bicycles. evaluate it this way:if the Great Wall is compared to a B.Do mathematics exercises. defensive shield(盾牌)，then Qin Zhidao is the C.Play computer games. weapon 10 （guard）the stability and D.Watch films about nature. prosperity(繁荣)of the Qin Empire. 红对勾·讲与练 440 高三英语RJ时提议，并设有完全按照教案进行上课，故 此处表示一开始要忽略教案对作者来说不 容易。故选B。review复习；ignore忽视； prepare准备；acknowledge承认a 14.D句意：但我发现我喜欢走在课桌之间， 一对一地和学生交谈，了解他们。根据上 文“talking to my students one-on-one”可知， 作者开始重视学生个人。故选D。student 学生；stranger陌生人；superman超人；indi- vidual个人a l5.C句意：Marcia在年底离开了我们学校， 但在我40年的职业生涯中，她每天都在鼓 舞着我。根据上文“Marcia left our school at the end of the year,but she”中but表示转折 可知，Marcia离开了，但她一直鼓舞着作 者。故选C。remind提醒；follow跟随； inspire鼓舞；greet问候a 课时作业4 SPORTS AND FITNESS I.阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介 绍了17岁男孩Walker Smallwood因患一种罕 见的癌症不得不放弃棒球运动。他重返球场 参加最后一场比赛，投出了一个无安打的球， 震惊所有人。 1.A词义猜测题。依据代词永远出现在原词 之后可知，画线词指代的内容应该在第二段 第-句“The young pitcher''s leg would never be strong enough to make competitive playing an option.”;Walker一直梦想成为职业棒球 手，但因癌症造成腿部伤害，无力支持高强 度运动，因此妈妈想表达“这简直是灾难性 的”，所以在这里指代癌症使他的腿受伤 无力这件事。故选A。 2.B推理判断题。根据第四段中“Say you did it..that's not what happened”和第五段中 "Walker not only threw...but that never happened.”可知，Walker在得知有机会参加 最后一场比赛后，就决心不只是去玩玩，而 是认真打比赛。结果他投出了一个无安打 的球，超出所有人的预期。从这里可以看出 这位年轻投手有追求，有决心，也很努力；棒 球是他一生的追求，说明他很有雄心壮志。 故选B。 3.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Small- wood may never play again...your greatest competitor and gone undefeated.”可知，作者 是为了强调Walker当天在棒球场上的成就 超过了任何冠军奖的意义。一枚世界大赛 戒指是棒球终极成就的象征，但Walker克服 癌症带来的伤痛，投出一个无安打的球，所 向无敌，其他荣誉何足挂齿。故选C。 4.D推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一 段中“His baseball playing.andI8 hospital stays..”和倒数第二段中“Smallwood struck. a school record in the process.”可知，本文介 绍了17岁男孩Walker Smallwood因患一种 罕见的癌症不得不放弃棒球运动。他重返球 场参加最后一场比赛，投出了一个无安打的 球，震惊所有人。D项“What doesn't kill you makes you stronger..”符合文章大意。故选D。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介 绍了一项关于运动助力学习的新研究。 5.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“A 2④勾·讲与练·高三英语RJ new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning..”可知，新研究是 为了探索什么时候运动对学习最有益。故 选A。 6.D细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“After the test,all of the subjects watched nature doc- mentaries”可知，在实验中所有参与者都被 要求观看自然纪录片。故选D。 7.B细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“Two days later,all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test'”可知，参与者两天后 回到实验室是为了进行记忆测试。敌选B。 8.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的 "I've run enough marathons to prove the fact..a tough workout.”可知，作者想用自己 的马拉松经历说明剧烈运动可能不会使大 脑更敏锐。故选D。 .语法填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主 要介绍了秦朝的另一个奇迹：秦直道。 1.truth考查名词。句意：“条条大路通咸阳” 这句话可能并不广为人知，但这是历史上的 真理。前面有定冠词the,所以用名词truth 作表语，为不可数名词，故填ruth。 2.s考查介词。句意：公元前221年，中国第 一位皇帝秦始皇统一全国后，他开始修建以 咸阳为中心的国家级道路。根据句意可知， 此处表示“作为”，后跟名词，所以用介词as, 故填as。 3.covering考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，几 条长路建成，全长约750公里，穿过平原、山 脉、草原、沙漠，最终通往都城咸阳。句中已 有谓语动词，空处应为非谓语动词；主语Sv eral long roads与cover之间是逻辑上的主谓 关系，所以用现在分词作欲语，故填covering 4.called考查非谓语动词。句意：和长城 样，这些被称为“秦直道”的道路被认为是秦 朝的另一个奇迹。call与其逻辑主语these roads之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后 置定语，故填called。 5.widest考查形容词最高级。句意：一般来 说，道路宽度为20~60米，最宽的路段可以 让50辆汽车并排行驶。根据句意可知此处 表示“最宽的”，所以用形容词最高级作定 语，故填widest。. 6.was shaped考查动词时态、语态和主谓一 致。句意：那时，坚固的表面被塑造成乌龟背 的形状，高出地面，以避免积水。根据时间状 语at that time可知描述过去的事情，所以用 一般过去时：shape和主语之间是被动关系， 所以用被动语态；主语为不可数名词surface 所以be动词用was,故填was shaped。. 7.rarely考查副词。句意：另一个令人惊奇的 事实是，道路上很少长草，许多地方直到今 天仍然状况良好。修饰动词，所以用副词， 故填rarely。 8.which考查定语从句。句意：这条神秘的 古路的历史可以追溯到2200多年前，比罗 马道路早200多年，是道路建设史上的一座 天然博物馆。此处引导非限制性定语从句， 先行词为The mysterious ancient roads,.指物 关系词在从句中作主语，所以用which引导， 故填which。 9.a考查冠词。句意同上。此处泛指“一 个”，所以用不定冠词，natural的发音以辅音 音素开头，故填a。 -550- 10.guarding/to guard考查非谓语动词。句 意：历史学家是这样评价它的：如果把长城 比作防御的盾牌，那么秦直道就是保卫秦 朝稳定繁荣的武器。guard与其逻辑主语 weapon之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词 作后置定语；也可以看作是weapon后跟动 词不定式作后置定语，故填guarding或to guard。 课时作业5 NATURAL DISASTERS I,阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 要讲述了作者做黑犀牛饲养员的经历，并着重 介绍了在塞伦盖蒂国家公园发生丛林火灾时， 饲养员与黑犀牛合作脱险的经历。 1.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“they tend to believe people”可知，它们通常信任人 类，故A项正确。 2.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Once there,the animals had to be kept captive... designed to create a calm space.”可知，为了 帮助犀牛适应新环境，给它们创造宁静的空 间，人们建立了围栏防护场地，故A项正确。 3.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“SoI dashed back to the bomas and called the rhinos to the bedrooms.”可知，作者把犀牛赶进了 围栏防护场地的卧室，救下了犀牛，故C项 正确。 4.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The teamwork of everybody there played a large part,and the rhinos were very much a part of that team.”可知，饲养员和犀牛的共同合作 在犀牛成功脱险这件事中发挥了很大的作 用，故D项正确。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。Roi是 一条警犬，它和警官Joel Nitchman是搭档，形 影不离。有一天，龙卷风突然出现，而Roi还 在巡逻车上的笼子里，Jol冒着恶劣天气，把 Roni安全带回了警局。 5.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For the past 8 years,K-9 Officer Roni has been by the side of Officer Joel Nitchman..the cop(警察) thinks of the dog as a member of his own fami- y.”可知，Joel和Roni形影不离，Joel把Ro- 当作自己的家人看待，由此可知他们的关 系很亲密。故选D。 6.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Remem- bering Roni was still inside his cage in the patrol car,Joel didn't think twice about rus- hing outside into the storm to get his partner. 可知，Jol冲出去是为了把还在巡逻车的笼 子里的Roi带出来，即为了解救被困在车里 的Roni。故选Ca 7.B推理判断题。第三段中的“When he finally opened it,Roni refused to move." “‘he saw what was going on outside and he said he was not coming out.With a lot of coaxing(动诱)，Roni finally followed his part- ner out of the car”可知，Roni看到了车外糟 糕的天气，害怕得不敢出来。由此可知，在 解救Roni的过程中，Joel没有预料到Roni 对车外的危险的害怕。敌选B。 8.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Now that the danger has passed,he feels even closer