考前押题06 完形填空题6大常考话题（期末复习专项训练）高二英语上学期沪外版

专题06 完形填空题 话题1 科技与社会现象 话题4 自然生态 话题2 教育成长与校园生活 话题5 社会服务与人际沟通 话题3 做人与做事 话题6 人物故事与励志成长 话题 1 科技与社会现象 Passage 1 （23-24学年高二上·上海市徐汇区·期末） Cable companies expand public Wi-Fi for customer loyalty Eager to keep their users connected outside the home, cable companies are rapidly expanding their public Wi-Fi networks. An effort that began less than two years ago, the “Cable WiFi” initiative was formed with the 1 that cable Internet subscribers will want to remain plugged into their favorite websites and online videos — without 2 the monthly data limits of wireless carrier contracts. Five cable companies have installed about 250,000 public hotspots — up from 150,000 when it started in 2012 — at 3 places like malls, public parks, cafes and small businesses. Comcast, the nation’s largest residential broadband Internet provider, is 4 its own public Xfinity-branded Wi-Fi hotspots by installing a second line in their subscribers’ home routers (路由器) if they can get the homeowners’ permission so that their subscribers visiting these Wi-Fi-enabled neighborhoods can surf the Net for free. The initiative is a direct 5 to the growing influence of video. Watching YouTube or online videos requires heavy 6 that can exhaust wireless data quickly. And more cable companies are offering “TV anywhere” options for members to stream shows outside the home. While the effort requires heavy investment, cable companies are banking on their subscribers to increase their reliance on Wi-Fi outdoors and lower the rate of customer 7 of the Internet service, says Kelly Davis-Felner, vice president of marketing for the Wi-Fi Alliance, a group that certifies and 8 public Wi-Fi usage. “There is an immediate impact in 9 Wi-Fi outside the home,” she says. “It’s an opportunity to offer a higher level of service.” For now, the cable companies’ hotspots are a bit of a(n) 10 service as many users still rely on their wireless networks outdoors. “But there is a loyal group of users that appreciates metro Wi-Fi,” says Pat Esser, president of Cox. 1．A．exchange B．anticipation C．application D．demand 2．A．letting out B．resulting in C．eating up D．resting on 3．A．high-end B．brand-new C．upper-class D．high-traffic 4．A．expanding B．loosening C．deleting D．stimulating 5．A．devotion B．response C．opposition D．priority 6．A．efficiency B．challenge C．track D．capacity 7．A．preference B．satisfaction C．destruction D．cancellation 8．A．promotes B．complains C．exposes D．attaches 9．A．displaying B．packing C．absorbing D．extending 10．A．consistent B．unknown C．worthwhile D．imaginary 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了有线电视公司扩大公共Wi-Fi网络以提升客户忠诚度。 1．查名词词义辨析。句意：“Cable WiFi”计划始于不到两年前，这一举措旨在满足有线电视互联网用户的需求，使他们能够在不消耗无线运营商合约中每月数据限额的情况下，继续访问自己喜欢的网站和在线视频。A. exchange交换；B. anticipation预期；C. application应用；D. demand需求。根据下文“that cable Internet subscribers will want to remain plugged into their favorite websites and online videos - without 　2　　  the monthly data limits of wireless carrier contracts.”可知，下文介绍了用户行为预期的内容，所以该倡议是基于对用户行为的预期而设立的。故选B。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“Cable WiFi”计划始于不到两年前，这一举措旨在满足有线电视互联网用户的需求，使他们能够在不消耗无线运营商合约中每月数据限额的情况下，继续访问自己喜欢的网站和在线视频。A. letting out放出；B. resulting in导致；C. eating up消耗；D. resting on依赖。根据下文“the monthly data limits of wireless carrier contracts”可知，该倡议的目的是让用户在不消耗无线数据限制的情况下访问网络。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：五家有线电视公司已在商场、公园、咖啡馆和小型企业等高人流量的地方安装了约25万个公共热点——这一数字相较于2012年启动时的15万个有了大幅提升。A. high-end高端的；B. brand-new全新的；C. upper-class上层的；D. high-traffic人流量大的。根据下文“places like malls, public parks, cafes and small businesses”可知，这些热点被安装在人流量大的地方。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Comcast，美国最大的住宅宽带互联网提供商，正在通过在其订户的家用路由器中安装第二条线路来扩展自己的公共Xfinity品牌Wi-Fi热点。A. expanding扩展；B. loosening放松；C. deleting删除；D. stimulating刺激。根据下文“its own public Xfinity-branded Wi-Fi hotspots by installing a second line in their subscribers’ home routers (路由器) if they can get the homeowners’ permission so that their subscribers visiting these Wi-Fi-enabled neighborhoods can surf the Net for free.”可知，Comcast正在扩展其Wi-Fi热点。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该举措是对视频影响力日益增长的直接回应。A. devotion奉献；B. response回应；C. opposition反对；D. priority优先权。根据下文“to the growing influence of video. Watching YouTube or online videos requires heavy 　 6　　 that can exhaust wireless data quickly.”可知，该举措是对视频影响力增长的回应。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：观看YouTube或在线视频需要大容量，这可能很快耗尽无线数据。A. efficiency效率；B. challenge挑战；C. track轨迹；D. capacity容量。根据上文“Watching YouTube or online videos requires heavy”和下文“that can exhaust wireless data quickly”可知，观看视频需要大量的数据容量。故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：公共Wi-Fi联盟（一个认证和推广公共Wi-Fi使用的组织）的营销副总裁Kelly Davis-Felner表示，虽然这项工作需要大量投资，但有线电视公司正寄希望于他们的订户能更加依赖室外的Wi-Fi，从而降低互联网服务的客户取消率。A. preference偏好；B. satisfaction满意；C. destruction破坏；D. cancellation取消。根据上文“lower the rate of customer”和下文“of the Internet service”可知，有线电视公司希望降低客户的取消率，即不会因为数据有限而取消观看。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：公共Wi-Fi联盟（一个认证和推广公共Wi-Fi使用的组织）的营销副总裁Kelly Davis-Felner表示，虽然这项工作需要大量投资，但有线电视公司正寄希望于他们的订户能更加依赖室外的Wi-Fi，从而降低互联网服务的客户取消率。A. promotes推广；B. complains抱怨；C. exposes暴露；D. attaches附加。根据下文“public Wi-Fi usage”可知，Wi-Fi联盟是一个推广公共Wi-Fi使用的组织。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“在户外扩展Wi-Fi有直接影响。”A. displaying展示；B. packing打包；C. absorbing吸收；D. extending扩展。根据下文“Wi-Fi outside the home”可知，她指的是在户外扩展Wi-Fi的影响。故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前，有线电视公司的热点服务有点不为人知，因为许多用户仍然依赖室外的无线网络。A. consistent一致的；B. unknown未知的；C. worthwhile值得的；D. imaginary想象的。根据下文“as many users still rely on their wireless networks outdoors”可知，有线电视公司的热点服务目前还有点不为人知。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市青浦高级中学·期末） The Lego Example of Cultivating Loyalty Lego has been around for 91 years, and for much of that time, it’s been one of the world’s most popular toys. It’s currently the largest toy maker by revenue, and it has built arguably the world’s most loyal fanbase. Those fans aren’t just children, by the way. There are millions of passionate 1 who still love building with Lego bricks. Of all the brands you might come in contact with, Lego has maybe the most loyal fans of all. For years, Lego has done a lot of things to cultivate that loyalty. One of those things is the company’s loyalty program, previously known as Lego VIP. Last September, Lego announced 2 to the program, including giving it a new name:Lego Insiders. To call it a loyalty program isn’t entirely 3 —it’s a lot more than that. Lego Insiders is more of an 4 digital profile to access all of the company’s digital platforms. If, for example, you sign up for one (like Insiders), you also get access to Lego Ideas and Lego Life, without signing up 5 . It’s like the digital representation of your relationship with Lego. As a rewards program, there isn’t a lot new about Lego Insiders. You still earn points when you make purchases that you can use for various rewards, like discounts on purchases, digital downloads or other gifts. There is one thing, 6 that Lego’s most loyal fans can appreciate. You can now register previously purchased sets. Every set made since 2019 has included a QR code, and you can now register them, and they count towards your rewards points. This isn’t a huge change either, except it does something really smart: Letting customers register older purchases 7 that even if they didn’t have an account at the time they made a purchase, Lego still values their business and wants to reward them. For Lego, there is no 8 in letting people earn rewards. Lego’s ability to provide benefits 9 in direct relationship to the ability of a customer to earn those benefits. There is no limit to the number of $5 discounts Lego can give out if they are based on the amount of money you spent in the first place. It’s just a cost of doing business. When you think about it, this costs Lego almost 10 , but the benefit is huge. Not only is this something every fan can appreciate, but there are also three reasons why I think this is an interesting lesson for every brand. First, Simple is almost always better. One of the best things about the change is that it makes things simpler for customers. You no longer need multiple accounts—your Lego Insider account gets you access to everything. The easier you make it for someone to be your customer, the more likely they’ll 11 around. Second, a rewards program should feel 12 . Companies spend a lot of time trying to figure out the right balance of benefits and rewards to give customers 13 their loyalty. The thing is, there’s usually a lot of math involved, but cultivating loyalty isn’t just about math. Letting people register sets they already bought is such a simple way to say, “We appreciate your loyalty.” Third, your most important job is to know your best customers. The challenge of every loyalty program is designing it in a way to reward customers for a specific type of behavior by giving them the benefits they want. As a business, you want your customers to behave a certain way-usually, you want them to buy more of your products. Figuring out what benefits will 14 that behavior is your most important job. That means understanding what really matters to your customers and giving them that. That 15 just what kind of rewards you hand out to your customers—it also involves the products you make in the first place. 1．A．kids B．adults C．students D．parents 2．A．limits B．challenges C．changes D．devotion 3．A．accurate B．beneficial C．hazardous D．risky 4．A．all-inclusive B．all-powerful C．all-purpose D．all-knowing 5．A．continuously B．constantly C．immediately D．separately 6．A．moreover B．still C．however D．otherwise 7．A．communicates B．fancies C．guesses D．suspects 8．A．obstacle B．harm C．disadvantage D．scarcity 9．A．declines B．scales C．jumps D．echoes 10．A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something 11．A．stick B．consist C．look D．wander 12．A．demanding B．calculating C．satisfying D．rewarding 13．A．in memory of B．in search of C．in exchange for D．in honor of 14．A．abandon B．motivate C．sharpen D．conserve 15．A．centers around B．persist in C．sticks to D．go beyond 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了乐高公司如何通过其忠诚计划（Lego Insiders）来培养客户忠诚度。乐高通过简化账户管理、允许注册以前购买的产品等方式，增强了客户体验和忠诚度。文章还指出，简单、令人满意的奖励计划以及了解客户需求是成功的关键。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有数百万热情的成年人依然热衷于用乐高积木进行搭建。A. kids孩子们；B. adults成年人；C. students学生们；D. parents父母。根据上文“Those fans aren’t just children”可知，乐高的粉丝不仅仅是孩子们，因此这里指还有很多成年粉丝。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年9月，乐高宣布对该计划进行修改，包括给它起一个新名字：乐高内部人士。A. limits限制；B. challenges挑战；C. changes改变；D. devotion奉献。根据下文“including giving it a new name:Lego Insiders”可知，乐高对该计划进行了更改，包括为其起一个新名字。announce changes to为固定短语，意为“宣布对……的更改”。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：将其称为忠诚度计划并不完全准确 —— 它的意义远不止于此。A. accurate准确的；B. beneficial有益的；C. hazardous危险的；D. risky冒险的。根据下文“it’s a lot more than that”可知，因为它的意义远不止于此，所以称其为忠诚度计划并不完全准确。故选A。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乐高会员更像是一个包罗万象的数字档案，借助它可以访问该公司所有的数字平台。A. all-inclusive包括一切的；B. all-powerful全能的；C. all-purpose多用途的；D. all-knowing无所不知的。根据下文“to access all of the company’s digital platforms”可知，乐高会员可以访问公司的所有数字平台，因此它是一个包含一切且具有全面性的数字档案。故选A。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你注册了一个（比如乐高会员），你无需另行分别注册，就能同时访问乐高创意和乐高生活。A. continuously连续不断地；B. constantly不断地；C. immediately立即；D. separately分别地。根据上文“If, for example, you sign up for one (like Insiders), you also get access to Lego Ideas and Lego Life, without signing up”可知，注册了乐高会员之后，就不需要为访问乐高创意和乐高生活这两个平台单独再注册。故选D。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一件事是乐高最忠实的粉丝可以欣赏的。A. moreover而且；B. still仍然；C. however然而；D. otherwise否则。根据上文“As a rewards program, there isn’t a lot new about Lego Insiders. (作为一项奖励计划，乐高会员并没有太多新内容。)”可知，乐高会员作为奖励计划，并没有太多新意，因此这里表示转折，有一件事是乐高最忠实的粉丝能够欣赏的。however表示转折关系，符合语境。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这同样也不算巨大的改变，只不过它确实有个巧妙之处：允许顾客登记以往购买的产品，这传递出一个信息，即即便顾客在购买时没有账户，乐高依然重视他们的生意，并且愿意给予奖励。A. communicates传达；B. fancies想象；C. guesses猜测；D. suspects怀疑。根据上文“Letting customers register older purchases”和下文“that even if they didn’t have an account at the time they made a purchase, Lego still values their business and wants to reward them”可知，让顾客注册旧购买记录传达了一个信息，即乐高重视他们的业务并想奖励他们。故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于乐高来说，让人们获得奖励不存在资源稀缺的问题。A. obstacle障碍；B. harm伤害；C. disadvantage不利条件；D. scarcity稀缺。根据下文“in direct relationship to the ability of a customer to earn those benefits. There is no limit to the number of $5 discounts Lego can give out if they are based on the amount of money you spent in the first place. It’s just a cost of doing business. (这与顾客获取这些福利的能力直接相关。如果是以你最初的消费金额为依据，乐高给出5美元折扣的数量并无限制。这只不过是做生意的一项成本。)”可知，乐高能够根据顾客的消费提供相应的奖励，如果一个顾客花更多的钱，那么乐高就有能力提供更多的奖励，这只是一个经营成本的问题，因此，对于乐高来说，给予顾客奖励并不受到稀缺性的限制，因为它们提供的奖励是与顾客的消费直接相关的。故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乐高提供福利的能力与客户获得这些福利的能力直接相关。A. declines下降；B. scales衡量，按比例改变；C. jumps跳跃；D. echoes回声。根据下文“There is no limit to the number of $5 discounts Lego can give out if they are based on the amount of money you spent in the first place. (如果是以你最初的消费金额为依据，乐高给出5美元折扣的数量并无限制。)”可知，乐高提供福利的能力与客户获得这些福利的能力直接相关，并且两者能力成比例变化。故选B。 10．考查代词词义辨析。句意：当你仔细考虑时，这几乎不需要乐高花费任何东西，但好处是巨大的。A. everything每件事物；B. anything任何事物；C. nothing没有什么；D. something某物。根据下文“but the benefit is huge”可知，收益是巨大的，but表转折，因此，此处表达的是乐高几乎不需要花费任何东西。故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你越容易让某人成为你的客户，他们就越有可能留下来。A. stick粘贴；B. consist组成；C. look看；D. wander徘徊。根据上文“The easier you make it for someone to be your customer”可知，此处表达的是你越容易让某人成为你的客户，他们就越有可能留下来。stick around为固定短语，意为“停留；呆在原处”。故选A。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其次，奖励计划应该让人感到有回报。A. demanding要求高的；B. calculating精明的；C. satisfying令人满意的；D. rewarding有回报的。根据下文“Companies spend a lot of time trying to figure out the right balance of benefits and rewards”可知，公司花费大量时间试图在利益和奖励之间找到正确的平衡，也就是说要让顾客感受到被感激，所以此处表达的是奖励计划应让人感觉有回报。故选D。 13．考查介词短语辨析。句意：公司花了很多时间，试图在利益和奖励之间找到正确的平衡，以换取客户的忠诚度。A. in memory of为了纪念；B. in search of寻找；C. in exchange for作为交换；D. in honor of向……致敬。根据上文“Companies spend a lot of time trying to figure out the right balance of benefits and rewards to give customers”和下文“cultivating loyalty isn’t just about math”可知，公司极力培养客户的忠诚度，他们花了很多时间来试图找出给予客户多少好处和奖励才能换取他们的忠诚的正确平衡。in exchange for为固定短语，意为“作为……的交换”。故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：弄清楚什么样的好处会激励这种行为是你最重要的工作。A. abandon放弃；B. motivate激发；C. sharpen使尖锐；D. conserve保存。根据上文“The challenge of every loyalty program is designing it in a way to reward customers for a specific type of behavior by giving them the benefits they want. (每个忠诚度计划的挑战都是设计一种方式，通过给客户想要的好处来奖励他们特定类型的行为。)”可知，这里指福利会激发顾客购买更多产品的行为。故选B。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这不仅仅关乎你向顾客发放何种奖励，还涉及到你最初生产的产品本身。A. centers around围绕；B. persist in坚持；C. sticks to坚持；D. go beyond超越。根据下文“just what kind of rewards you hand out to your customers—it also involves the products you make in the first place”可知，后文说还涉及产品本身，说明不只是围绕放何种奖励。go beyond为固定短语，意为“超越”。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海市长宁区·期末） Millions of people have installed (安装) mental health apps for everything from breathing exercises to guided meditation (深思). But an analysis now suggests that almost everyone 1 on such apps in just two weeks. Amit Baumel at the University of Haifa in Israel and his teammates analysed the use of 93 popular mental health apps. The 2 showed that, after 15 days, more than 94 per cent of users had stopped opening their apps. The team only studied apps that are available in English and that have been 3 at least 10,000 times through the Google Play store. App use differed depending on the kind of 4 provided. On any given day, just over 4 per cent of people who have installed meditation apps will 5 them. But this figure is 17 per cent among those who have installed peer (同伴) -assistance apps, which 6 you to talk to someone who may be experiencing similar issues. The team hasn’t revealed which apps were included in the analysis. 7 , the findings raise questions over how useful mental health apps are. Baumel says we don’t yet know how often someone needs to use such apps for them to be 8 . John Torous at Harvard Medical School says the study 9 what the clinical community has known for a long time: a lot of people abandon these apps. A spokesperson for the meditation app Headspace says the firm is improving 10 by allowing users to set daily reminders and by encouraging “clock-in” of app use. Derek Richards, chief scientist for mental health app SilverCloud, says a low-frequency use does not 11 mean mental health apps don’t work. Instead, it could be an indication of how 12 people are about these apps, and how easy it is to download them. 1．A．ends up B．comes up C．gives up D．sets up 2．A．data B．output C．ending D．file 3．A．translated B．downloaded C．packed D．attacked 4．A．support B．theme C．context D．figure 5．A．track B．identify C．abandon D．launch 6．A．beg B．enable C．forbid D．order 7．A．However B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Eventually 8．A．profitable B．educational C．predictable D．effective 9．A．doubts B．inquires C．confirms D．revises 10．A．engagement B．response C．frequency D．accuracy 11．A．only B．instantly C．rarely D．necessarily 12．A．familiar B．hesitant C．curious D．serious 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。数百万人安装了从呼吸练习到引导冥想等各种心理健康应用程序。但现在的一项分析表明，几乎每个人都在短短两周内就放弃使用了此类应用程序。 1．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但现在的一项分析表明，几乎每个人都会在短短两周内放弃此类应用程序。A. ends up最终成为；B. comes up提出；C. gives up放弃；D. sets up建立。由下文“after 15 days, more than 94 per cent of users had stopped opening their apps”可知，大部分人在两周内放弃此类应用程序。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：数据显示，15 天后，超过 94% 的用户停止打开他们的应用程序。A. data数据；B. output输出；C. ending结尾；D. file文件。由上文“Amit Baumel at the University of Haifa in Israel and his teammates analysed the use of 93 popular mental health apps.”可知，以色列海法大学的Amit Baumel和他的队友分析了93个流行心理健康应用程序的使用情况，此处是指分析这些数据得出结果，故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该团队仅研究了英文版且已通过 Google Play 商店下载至少 10000 次的应用程序。A. translated翻译；B. downloaded下载；C. packed打包；D. attacked攻击。由下文“at least 10,000 times through the Google Play store.”可知，通过 Google Play商店是下载应用程序，故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：应用程序的使用因提供的信息支持而异。A. support支持；信息支持；B. theme主题；C. context情境；D. figure人物；数字。由上文“at least 10,000 times through the Google Play store.”所提供的信息可知，此处指应用程序的使用状况因提供的信息支持而异。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在任意一天里，刚刚超过4%的安装了冥想应用程序的人会选择启动它们。A. track追踪；运转正常；B. identify认出；C. abandon遗弃；D. launch发行。上文“after 15 days, more than 94 per cent of users had stopped opening their apps”提到人们下载了这些软件后不怎么使用，由此可知，只有4%的人会正常“启动”这些软件。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这一数字在那些安装了同伴协助应用程序的人中占 17%，这些应用程序使你能够与可能遇到类似问题的人交谈。A. beg乞讨；B. enable使能够；C. forbid禁止；D. order命令。由下文“you to talk to someone who may be experiencing similar issues.”可知，这些应用程序使你能够与可能遇到类似问题的人交谈。故选B。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，研究结果引发了人们对心理健康应用程序的有用性的质疑。A. However然而；B. Moreover此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Eventually最后。由上文“The team hasn’t revealed which apps were included in the analysis.”和下文“the findings raise questions over how useful mental health apps are. ”可知，前后是转折关系，故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鲍梅尔说，我们还不知道人们需要多久使用一次此类应用程序才能发挥作用。A. profitable有利润的；B. educational有教育意义的；C. predictable可预测的；D. effective有效果的。由上文“the findings raise questions over how useful mental health apps are. ”可知，此处指这类应用程序多久会对人们有帮助，即是否有效还是未知的。故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈佛医学院的约翰·托罗斯表示，这项研究证实了临床界长期以来所知道的事情：很多人放弃了这些应用程序。A. doubts怀疑；B. inquires调查；C. confirms确认；证实；D. revises修订。由第一段中“But an analysis now suggests that almost everyone ______on such apps in just two weeks.”可知，这项研究证实了：很多人放弃了这些应用程序。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：冥想应用程序 Headspace 的发言人表示，该公司正在通过允许用户设置每日提醒和鼓励应用程序使用“打卡”来提高参与度。A. engagement参加；从事；B. response回复；C. frequency频率；D. accuracy准确性。由下文“by allowing users to set daily reminders and by encouraging “clock-in” of app use.”可知，该应用程序通过允许用户设置每日提醒和鼓励应用程序使用“打卡”来提高参与度，故选A。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：心理健康应用程序 SilverCloud 的首席科学家德里克·理查兹 (Derek Richards) 表示，低频率使用并不一定意味着心理健康应用程序不起作用。A. only只有；B. instantly立即；C. rarely罕有；D. necessarily必定。由下文“Instead, it could be an indication of how ______ people are about these apps, and how easy it is to download them.”可知，低频率使用并不一定意味着心理健康应用程序不起作用。故选D。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，这可能是人们对这些应用程序的认真程度以及下载它们的容易程度的一个指示。A. familiar熟悉的；B. hesitant犹豫的；C. curious好奇的；D. serious严肃的，认真的。由上文的“Instead, it could be an indication”以及下文“and how easy it is to download them.”可知，Derek Richards认为低频率使用并不一定意味着心理健康应用程序不起作用，此处与上文的内容为转折关系，由此可推测，由于心理健康应用程序通常涉及个人的心理健康问题，用户更可能是出于实际需求和认真考虑而使用它们。故选D。 Passage 4 （22-23学年高二上·上海市浦东区南汇中学·期末） The serious business of being a social influencer This week China promised a tax-evasion punishment on social-media influencers, who are paid by brands to promote products online to their followers. The size of that levy (征收税) shows the 1 scale of the industry, which accounts for 12% of online sales in China. Outside China, influencers are also likely to have a(n) 2 role in e-commerce. For all firms with brands, it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby. The use of personal endorsements used to be about 3 existing celebrity power. For example, Michael Jordan’s deal in 1984 with Nike revolutionized both basketball and branding. Influencers turn the logic on its head: selling things helps make them more famous. Through clipped videos and filtered photos they offer recommendations to consumers, together with glimpses into their daily lives to increase the 4 . Total spending on influencers by brands could reach $16bn this year. The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions. 5 , only under 100,000 of them get most profit. Their staying power suggests that they add value in several ways. Influencers’ networks reach new audiences, 6 younger shoppers. And influencers are 7 proficient in a way that old-style brand ambassadors never were. They can quickly 8 and utilize newer platforms like TikTok. Yet one-third of brands do not use influencers. They worry about their reputation. Despite the risk, ignoring influencers is a mistake. Their 9 of digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%, but it is rising fast. The 10 between entertainment and e-commerce is becoming unclear. The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s—ads targeted through Google and Facebook—is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to 11 potential customers. To make full use of influencers, brands should set a clear strategy. They should expect more regulation on consumer protection. The guiding 12 should be to use only influencers who disclose to their audiences that their posts are paid. Brands should also 13 new analytical tools that help them measure the performance of influencers. These tools should help to 14 the cheat from the stars. It used to be said that only half of all advertising spending worked, but it was impossible to know which half. Now brands can control only half of what influencers say, but they may be able to calculate 100% of the 15 they add. 1．A．abnormal B．narrow C．large D．intangible 2．A．enduring B．insignificant C．typical D．useless 3．A．giving rise to B．taking advantage of C．putting aside D．looking forward to 4．A．assessment B．credibility C．contrast D．influence 5．A．however B．likewise C．moreover D．consequently 6．A．as well as B．additionally C．eventually D．particularly 7．A．economically B．socially C．technologically D．fundamentally 8．A．come across B．adapt to C．take up D．bring about 9．A．share B．profit C．occurrence D．impact 10．A．cooperation B．conflict C．borderline D．transformation 11．A．recommend to B．set about C．turn away D．spy on 12．A．reform B．discipline C．principle D．concept 13．A．embrace B．evaluate C．advertise D．question 14．A．ban B．defend C．shelter D．distinguish 15．A．value B．potential C．damage D．risks 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了成为一个网红是一件严肃的事情。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一征税规模显示了该行业的庞大规模，占中国在线销售额的12%。A. abnormal不正常的；B. narrow狭窄的；C. large大的；D. intangible难以形容的。根据“Viya, known as the live-streaming queen, has already been fined $1m for not declaring her income.(被称为“直播女王”的薇娅已经因未申报收入被罚款2.1亿美元。)”可知，薇娅被罚地税款显示了网红这一行业征税的庞大规模。故选C。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在中国之外，网红也可能在电子商务中发挥持久的作用。A. enduring持久的；B. insignificant不重要的；C. typical典型的；D. useless没有用的。根据下文“For all firms with brands, it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby.( 对于所有拥有品牌的公司来说，是时候意识到影响力不仅仅是一种爱好了。)”和下文的“Their staying power”可知，网红的影响力不仅仅是一种爱好，也可能在电子商务中发挥持久的作用。故选A。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：过去，利用个人代言是利用现有的名人影响力。A. giving rise to引起，导致；B. taking advantage of充分利用；C. putting aside放在一边；D. looking forward to期待。根据下文“For example, Michael Jordan’s deal in 1984 with Nike revolutionized both basketball and branding.(例如，1984年迈克尔·乔丹与耐克的交易在篮球和品牌方面都发生了革命性的变化。)”可知，过去，是利用现有的名人影响力进行代言。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过剪辑的视频和经过滤镜处理的照片，他们向消费者提供建议，并让他们了解他们的日常生活，以增加可信度。A. assessment评价；B. credibility可信度，可靠性；C. contrast对比；D. influence影响。根据“together with glimpses into their daily lives”可知，网红通过让网民了解他们的生活增加可信度。故选B。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，其中只有不到10万人获得了最大的利润。A. however然而；B. likewise同样地；C. moreover此外；D. consequently因此。上文提到“The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions.(在中国以外，想要成为网红的人的数量以百万计。)”，下文提到“only under 100,000 of them get most profit.(其中只有不到10万人获得了最大的利润。)”，上下文之间形成转折关系。故选A。 6．考查固定短语和副词词义辨析。句意：网红的网络覆盖了新的受众，最终是更年轻的购物者。A. as well as也，和……一样；B. additionally另外；C. eventually最终；D. particularly尤其，特别。根据“Influencers’ networks reach new audiences”可知，网红覆盖的新受众最终是更年轻的购物者。故选C。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：网红在资金方面的精通程度是旧式品牌大使根本不具备的。A. economically经济地；B. socially社会上；C. technologically技术上地；D. fundamentally根本性地。根据“They can quickly 　　8　　 and utilize newer platforms like TikTok.”可知，网红在资金方面的精通程度是旧式品牌大使根本不具备的。故选D。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们可以迅速适应和利用抖音等更新的平台。A. come across偶然遇见；B. adapt to适应；C. take up占据，从事；D. bring about带来，引起。根据“newer platforms like TikTok”可知，他们可以迅速适应抖音等更新的平台。故选B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在数字广告预算中的份额仍然很低，只有3%，但正在迅速上升。A. share股份，份额；B. profit利润；C. occurrence发生；D. impact影响。根据“digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%”可知，网红在数字广告预算中的份额仍然很低。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：娱乐和电子商务之间的转变正变得不明朗。A. cooperation合作；B. conflict冲突，争端；C. borderline边界线；D. transformation转变。根据下文“The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s—ads targeted through Google and Facebook—is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to 　　11　　 potential customers.”可知，娱乐平台和电子商务之间的转变变得不明朗。故选D。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：2010年最流行的营销策略——通过谷歌和Facebook定向投放广告——正面临威胁，因为新的隐私标准使其更难拒绝潜在客户。A. recommend to向……推荐；B. set about着手做；C. turn away拒绝……进入；D. spy on侦察，探听。根据“The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s—ads targeted through Google and Facebook”可知，一些娱乐平台通过定向投放广告给用户，使其更难拒绝潜在客户。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：指导原则应该是只使用那些向受众披露帖子有报酬的网红。A. reform改革；B. discipline纪律；C. principle原则；D. concept概念。根据“They should expect more regulation on consumer protection.”可知，空处和“regulation”对应，应选择“principle”。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：品牌还应该采用新的分析工具，帮助他们衡量网红的表现。A. embrace欣然接受，乐意采纳；B. evaluate评价；C. advertise做广告；D. question询问，质疑。根据“new analytical tools”可知，品牌还应该采用新的分析工具。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些工具应该可以帮助人们远离明星的欺骗。A. ban禁止；B. defend防御；C. shelter躲避，庇护；D. distinguish区分，辨别。根据“the cheat from the stars”可知，这些工具帮助消费者远离明星的欺骗。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，品牌只能控制网红半数的言论，但它们或许能计算出网红所造成的100%损害。A. value价值；B. potential潜力；C damage损害，破坏；D. risks风险。根据上文“Now brands can control only half of what influencers say, but”可知，现在的品牌也许能计算出网红造成的伤害。故选C。 话题 2 教育成长与校园生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海师范大学附属中学宝山分校、闵行分校·期末） Can you read as well as a ten-year-old? Does it often feel as if the world is getting stupider? Data 1 on December 10th by the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, suggest this may not be all in your head. Roughly every ten years the organization asks adults in dozens of places to sit tests in numeracy and   2 . The questions it poses are not abstract brainteasers, spelling tests or mental arithmetic. They aim to mimic problems people aged 16-65 face in daily life, whether they are working in a factory or an office, or simply trying to make 3 of the news. The latest tests were carried out in 31 rich countries, and their findings are alarming. They suggest that a fifth of adults do no better in maths and reading than might be expected of a  primary-school child. The direction of travel is even less 4 . In maths, average scores have 5 in a few places over the past ten years, but fallen in almost as many. In literacy, a lot more countries have seen scores 6 than advance, despite the fact that adults hold more and higher educational 7 than ever before. Demographic change offers some explanation. New 8 often struggle with a new language. The native-born have ageing brains. But even after adjusting for this, trends remain discouraging, especially in literacy. Some speculate that Netflix, video games and social media are 9 intelligence. It is just as likely that education and training systems have misfired. Yet a century of technological changes has not cut 10 for people who are good with numbers, or who have a way with words. Adults who do badly in the OECD’s tests earn vastly less than those who are 11 in them. They are also in poorer health, less satisfied with their life, less trusting of others and more likely to feel that they have no voice in politics. To improve education, governments should focus on enhancing lessons for children to create more capable adults, as seen in England where younger adults’ improved scores have 12 the country’s OECD ranking. Additionally, governments need to strengthen adult education systems, which provide second chances for dropouts, support career changers, and help migrants 13 . In spite of their importance, these systems often receive 14 funding, partly due to underestimating their complexity. 15 , those with the weakest skills, who need education the most, are often the least likely to attend adult classes or get training due to time and financial constraints. 1．A．discussed B．released C．deleted D．criticized 2．A．literacy B．literature C．arts D．science 3．A．sense B．advance C．dreams D．knowledge 4．A．encouraging B．horrifying C．troubling D．disturbing 5．A．climbed B．decreased C．changed D．intensified 6．A．disappear B．shift C．decline D．extend 7．A．qualities B．quantities C．qualifications D．questions 8．A．students B．immigrants C．generations D．politicians 9．A．exhausting B．exploding C．expanding D．experiencing 10．A．degree B．extent C．cost D．demand 11．A．expert B．interested C．engaged D．confident 12．A．decreased B．lifted C．aroused D．upset 13．A．integrate B．leave C．advance D．rebel 14．A．abundant B．limited C．average D．rejected 15．A．Unfortunately B．Personally C．Thankfully D．Hopefully 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．B 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在31个富裕国家的最新的测试表明，五分之一的成年人在数学和阅读方面的表现并不比小学生好。未来的发展方向更不容乐观。在读写能力方面，尽管成年人比以往任何时候都拥有更多更高的教育资格，但越来越多的国家的人的读写能力下降了。对此文章分析了原因并给出了建议。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经济合作与发展组织（一个主要由富裕国家组成的俱乐部）12月10日发布的数据表明，这可能并不全是你的想法。A. discussed讨论；B. released发布，释放；C. deleted删除；D. criticized批评。根据上文“Data”指发布数据，应用release。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约每十年，该组织就会要求几十个地方的成年人参加算术和识字测试。A. literacy读写能力；B. literature文学；C. arts艺术；D. science科学。根据后文“The questions it poses are not abstract brainteasers, spelling tests or mental arithmetic.(它提出的问题不是抽象的脑筋急转弯、拼写测试或心算)”和“They suggest that a fifth of adults do no better in maths and reading than might be expected of a primary-school child.(他们表明，五分之一的成年人在数学和阅读方面的表现并不比小学生预期的要好)”可知，该组织就会要求几十个地方的成年人参加算术和识字测试。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的目的是模仿16到65岁人群在日常生活中面临的问题，无论他们是在工厂还是办公室工作，或者只是试图理解新闻。A. sense感觉；B. advance进步；C. dreams梦想；D. knowledge知识。根据后文“of the news”此处指理解新闻，短语为make sense of。故选A。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：未来的发展方向甚至不那么令人鼓舞。A. encouraging鼓舞人心的；B. horrifying可怕的；C. troubling令人不安的；D. disturbing引起恐慌的。根据上文“The latest tests were carried out in 31 rich countries, and their findings are alarming. They suggest that a fifth of adults do no better in maths and reading than might be expected of a primary-school child.(最新的测试在31个富裕国家进行，结果令人担忧。他们表明，五分之一的成年人在数学和阅读方面的表现并不比小学生预期的要好)”可知，未来的发展方向不那么令人鼓舞。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在数学方面，在过去的十年里，平均分数在一些地方有所上升，但在几乎同样多的地方下降。A. climbed上升，攀爬；B. decreased减少；C. changed改变；D. intensified增强。根据后文“in a few places over the past ten years, but fallen in almost as many”中but表示转折，推测平均分数在一些地方有所上升，但在几乎同样多的地方下降。故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在读写能力方面，尽管成年人比以往任何时候都拥有更多更高的教育资格，但越来越多的国家的人的读写能力下降而不是上升。A. disappear消失；B. shift转换；C. decline下降；D. extend扩大。后文“than advance”和“despite the fact that adults hold more and higher educational”中despite表示转折，说明尽管成年人比以往任何时候都拥有更多更高的教育资格，但越来越多的国家的人的读写能力下降了。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在读写能力方面，尽管成年人比以往任何时候都拥有更多更高的教育资格，但越来越多的国家的人的读写能力下降了。A. qualities质量；B. quantities数量；C. qualifications资格；D. questions问题。根据上文“adults hold more and higher educational”指成年人拥有高等教育资格。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：新移民往往难以掌握一门新语言。A. students学生；B. immigrants移民；C. generations世代；D. politicians政客。根据后文“often struggle with a new language”难以掌握新语言的最有可能是新移民。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些人推测Netflix、视频游戏和社交媒体正在“耗尽”智力。A. exhausting耗尽，使精疲力尽；B. exploding爆炸；C. expanding扩大；D. experiencing经历。根据上文“The native-born have ageing brains. But even after adjusting for this, trends remain discouraging, especially in literacy.(本土出生的人大脑老化。但即使在对此进行调整后，趋势仍然令人沮丧，尤其是在识字率方面)”以及“Some speculate that Netflix, video games and social media are”可知，本土出生的人大脑老化，并且识字率方面令人沮丧，故一些人推测Netflix、视频游戏和社交媒体正在“耗尽”智力。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，一个世纪的技术变革并没有减少对擅长数字或擅长文字的人的需求。A. degree学位；B. extent程度；C. cost花费；D. demand需求。根据后文“for people who are good with numbers, or who have a way with words”指减少对擅长数字或擅长文字的人的需求（demand）。故选D。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在经合组织的测试中表现不佳的成年人比那些在测试中表现出色的人挣得少得多。A. expert专业的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. engaged参与的；D. confident自信的。此处指上文“people who are good with numbers, or who have a way with words”提到的擅长数字或擅长文字的人，即在这些方面表现出色、专业。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了改善教育，政府应该把重点放在提高儿童的课程上，以培养更有能力的成年人，就像在英国看到的那样，年轻人分数的提高提高了该国在经合组织的排名。A. decreased减少；B. lifted举起，提高；C. aroused唤醒；D. upset使沮丧。根据上文“younger adults’ improved scores have”可知，年轻人分数提高从而提高了排名情况。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，政府需要加强成人教育体系，为辍学者提供第二次机会，支持转行者，帮助移民融入社会。A. integrate融入，合并；B. leave离开；C. advance进步；D. rebel造反。根据上文“provide second chances for dropouts, support career changers, and help migrants”指政府需要帮助移民融入当地社会。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管它们很重要，但这些系统通常得到的资金有限，部分原因是低估了它们的复杂性。A. abundant丰富的；B. limited有限的；C. average平均的；D. rejected被拒绝的。根据上文“In spite of their importance”以及后文“partly due to underestimating their complexity”可知，低估了复杂性，说明得到了资金有限。故选B。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，那些技能最弱、最需要教育的人，由于时间和资金的限制，往往最不可能参加成人课程或接受培训。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Personally亲自；C. Thankfully感谢地；D. Hopefully有希望地。后文“those with the weakest skills, who need education the most, are often the least likely to attend adult classes or get training due to time and financial constraints.(那些技能最弱、最需要教育的人，由于时间和资金的限制，往往最不可能参加成人课程或接受培训)” 技能最弱、最需要教育的人往往最不可能参加成人课程或接受培训，这是不幸的事情。故选A。 Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学·期末） The announcement of school closures is typically met with a high degree of emotion and concern. In Philadelphia, the proposal has also been met with plenty of 1 , from the formation of flash mobs (快闪族) to marches throughout the city. 2 , district officials assert that closing schools in one of the largest school districts in the country is the only way to balance a school budget in hard times. According to a report in the Philadelphia Public Schools Notebook, district superintendent William Hite has recommended the closure of 37 city schools. Hite has claimed that the closures are a necessary step toward 3 the school district a significant amount of money. The district estimates the closures would result in savings of around $28 million annually. It would also be a 4 move toward a more competitive school system since more resources could be poured into the remaining schools. However, opponents to the closure plan say the savings to the district would be 5 since district officials were not currently factoring in the cost of 6 and transition expenses. Protesters also note that the closures could 7 additional charter school (特许学校) growth, which had already taken a significant bite out of the school district’s budget. Students and parents of the schools cited for closure also voice concern that taking away neighborhood schools would take away the safe havens (避难所) that many students have come to think of as 8 away from home. Activists opposed to the school closures have organized into 9 groups with an impressive presence in the City of Brotherly Love. The Philadelphia Student Union, a student organization created in 1995 to empower students throughout the city, has taken on the school closure cause, 10 visible protests in the city. Another group, the Philadelphia Coalition Advocating for Public Schools, has also 11 the cause. This organization includes the city’s 12 union, which is also opposed to the proposed school closures. The organizations have joined other groups of students, parents, and educators to make their voices known throughout the school districts. Through a variety of protests as well as attendance at public meetings, protesters have become a visible presence on the 13 of school closures in Philadelphia. Their size and emotion have not gone 14 by district officials, who have been 15 to listen to the opposition as they cope with the possibility of closing Philadelphia Public Schools. 1．A．participants B．onlookers C．protests D．respondents 2．A．Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides 3．A．earning B．collecting C．depositing D．saving 4．A．controversial B．risky C．positive D．dumb 5．A．encouraging B．minimal C．optimal D．undeniable 6．A．college B．living C．transportation D．business 7．A．assess B．control C．fuel D．sustain 8．A．homes B．schools C．districts D．accommodations 9．A．invisible B．mistakable C．identifiable D．favorable 10．A．staging B．ignoring C．hiding D．prohibiting 11．A．found fault with B．taken advantage of C．signed up for D．thrown light on 12．A．closures B．schools C．teachers D．students 13．A．basis B．issue C．fulfillment D．number 14．A．identified B．unnoticed C．selected D．demonstrated 15．A．smart B．reluctant C．hesitant D．willing 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学校关闭的宣布通常会引起高度的情绪和关注，在费城，这项提议也遭遇了大量的抗议，从快闪族到全城游行。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在费城，这项提议也遭遇了大量的抗议，从快闪族到全城游行。A. participants参与者；B. onlookers旁观者；C. protests抗议；D. respondents受访者。根据上文“The announcement of school closures is typically met with a high degree of emotion and concern.”可知，学校关闭的宣布通常会引起高度的情绪和关注，所以这项提议遭遇了大量的抗议。故选C。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，地区官员声称，在这个全国最大的学区之一，关闭学校是在困难时期平衡学校预算的唯一方法。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Besides此外。根据语境可知，前后句意存在转折关系，应用转折副词however。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海特声称，关闭学校是为学区节省大量资金的必要步骤。A. earning赚钱；B. collecting收集；C. depositing沉积；D. saving节省。根据下文“The district estimates the closures would result in savings of around $28 million annually.”可知，此处指为学区节省大量资金。故选D。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也将是朝着更具竞争力的教育系统迈出的积极一步，因为更多的资源可以投入剩余的学校。A. controversial有争议的；B. risky有风险的；C. positive积极的；D. dumb哑的。根据下文“a more competitive school system since more resources could be poured into the remaining schools.”可知，此处指迈出积极的一步。故选C。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，反对关闭计划的人表示，由于地区官员目前没有考虑交通和过渡费用，因此给该地区节省的成本将是微乎其微的。A. encouraging鼓舞人心的；B. minimal极少的；C. optimal最佳的；D. undeniable不可否认的。根据下文“since district officials were not currently factoring in the cost of 　　6　　 and transition expenses.”可知，此处指给该地区节省的成本将是微乎其微的。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，反对关闭计划的人表示，由于地区官员目前没有考虑交通和过渡费用，因此给该地区节省的成本将是微乎其微的。A. college学院；B. living生活；C. transportation交通；D. business业务。根据语境及常识可知，关闭学校，意味着学生需要去其他地方上学，会产生额外的交通费用。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：抗议者还指出，关闭学校可能会刺激附加特许学校的进一步增长，特许学校的增长已经大大削减了学区的预算。A. assess评估；B. control控制；C. fuel刺激；D. sustain维持。根据上文“According to a report in the Philadelphia Public Schools Notebook, district superintendent William Hite has recommended the closure of 37 city schools.”及常识可知，大量关闭学校可能会刺激附加特许学校的进一步增长。注：特许学校是由公共教育经费支持，由教师团体、社区组织、学生家长、企业集团或个人开办并管理，在相当程度上独立于学区（美国公立学校系统的基层管理机构）的一种新型学校。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：被要求关闭的学校的学生和家长也表达了他们的担忧，他们担心拆除附近的学校会带走很多学生认为是离家之家的避风港。 A. homes家；B. schools学校；C. districts地区；D. accommodations住宿。根据上文“neighborhood schools”及下文“away from home”可知，很多学生把附近的学校当作了离家后的第二个家园。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：反对关闭学校的活动人士组成了可识别的团体，在这座兄弟之爱的城市中存在着令人印象深刻的存在。A. invisible隐形的；B. mistakable易误解的；C. identifiable可识别的；D. favorable有利的。根据下文“The Philadelphia Student Union”及“Another group, the Philadelphia Coalition Advocating for Public Schools”可知，这些是可识别的团体。故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：成立于1995年的费城学生联合会是一个学生组织，旨在赋予全市学生权力，该组织已经承担起关闭学校的责任，在全市举行了明显的抗议活动。A. staging举行；B. ignoring忽略；C. hiding隐藏；D. prohibiting禁止。根据上文“has taken on the school closure cause”及下文“visible protests in the city.”可知，费城学生联合会承担起关闭学校的责任，在全市举行了明显的抗议活动。故选A。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一个组织，费城公立学校倡导联盟也报名参加了这项运动。A. found fault with对……吹毛求疵；B. taken advantage of利用；C. signed up for报名参加；D. thrown light on使……显得清楚。根据上文“The Philadelphia Student Union, a student organization created in 1995 to empower students throughout the city, has taken on the school closure cause, 　　10　　 visible protests in the city.”及空前“has also”可知，费城公立学校倡导联盟也报名参加了这项运动。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个组织包括该市的教师工会，他们也反对关闭学校的提议。A. closures封闭；B. schools学校；C. teachers教师；D. students学生。根据上文“The Philadelphia Student Union, a student organization created in 1995 to empower students throughout the city”及“Another group, the Philadelphia Coalition Advocating for Public Schools”及常识可知，费城学生联合会是学生组织，费城公立学校倡导联盟则是学校联盟，应该包括该市的教师工会。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过各种抗议活动以及出席公共会议，抗议者已经成为费城学校关闭问题的一个明显存在。A. basis依据；B. issue问题；C. fulfillment履行；D. number编号。根据语境可知，此处指费城学校关闭问题。故选B。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的规模和情绪并没有被地区官员忽视，他们在应对费城公立学校关闭的可能性时，一直愿意听取反对派的意见。A. identified被识别的；B. unnoticed被忽视的；C. selected被选定的；D. demonstrated被证明的。根据下文“who have been 　　15　　 to listen to the opposition as they cope with the possibility of closing Philadelphia Public Schools.”可知，抗议者们的规模和情绪并没有被地区官员忽视。故选B。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的规模和情绪并没有被地区官员忽视，他们在应对费城公立学校关闭的可能性时，一直愿意听取反对派的意见。A. smart聪明的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. willing愿意的。根据上文“Their size and emotion have not gone 　　14　　 by district officials”可知，抗议者们的规模和情绪并没有被地区官员忽视，他们一直愿意听取反对派的意见。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·上海市育才中学·期末） She wants to be a singer; you think she should go for a long-term career with job security and eventually retire with a good pension. But a new report suggests that in fact she’s the practical one. Why do parents make terrible careers 1 ? Today’s 14 and 15-year-olds are 2 . They are optimistic about their prospects, but their career ideas are rather 3 . Although 80% of them have no intention of following in their parents’ footsteps, 69% still 4 their parents for advice. They look at their working future in a different way to their parents. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is 5 but pays the bills. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. Certainly when I was 15, my guidance counselors were horrified at my plans to become a writer. I’m glad I didn’t change my plans to suit them. But the world has changed. The global economy is not 6 to yesterday’s diligent and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the initiative. This means it is not 7 being unrealistic that a 14-year-old sees her working future as a kind of 8 to be made up as she goes along. 9 , she has to have the training and guidance to help her develop the right skills for today’s market. Many young people 10 that redundancy (冗余), downsizing (裁员) and freelancing (自由职业) are all part of modern working life, but no one is telling them how they might be able to turn the new rules of the 11 game to their advantage. This is what they need to know if they are to make a life for themselves. So what is to be done? A good first step would be to 12 the way in which schools prepare young people or adult life. The education system is becoming less flexible and sticks more to traditional skills at just the time that the job market is going in the 13 direction. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to 14 all the advice that your parents gave you, and step into your teenager’s shoes. Give them the courage to follow their dreams ---- however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, ambition is a terrible thing to 15 . 1．A．advisers B．planners C．reformers D．pursuers 2．A．curious B．ambitious C．depressed D．unrealistic 3．A．inspiring B．clear C．changeable D．vague 4．A．turn to B．turn up C．turn out D．turn into 5．A．well-paid B．temporary C．boring D．rewarding 6．A．common B．opposed C．kind D．devoted 7．A．normally B．necessarily C．nearly D．generally 8．A．adventure B．terminal C．destiny D．reality 9．A．Finally B．Instead C．Therefore D．However 10．A．claim B．declare C．conclude D．perceive 11．A．competition B．employment C．knowledge D．modernization 12．A．translate B．transport C．transform D．transfer 13．A．opposite B．former C．regular D．inevitable 14．A．take B．forget C．recall D．spoil 15．A．inherit B．keep C．simplify D．waste 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了父母在为孩子选择职业时往往给出不切实际的建议，而现在的孩子需要为多变的市场做准备，追求自己的梦想。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么父母做糟糕的职业顾问？A. advisers顾问；B. planners计划者；C. reformers改革者；D. pursuers追求者。根据上文“She wants to be a singer; you think she should go for a long-term career with job security and eventually retire with a good pension.”可知，父母和孩子的职业想法不同，因此父母可能是糟糕的职业顾问。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在的14、15岁的孩子是很有抱负的。A. curious好奇的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. unrealistic不切实际的。根据后文“They are optimistic about their prospects”可知，他们对前景很乐观，因此是很有抱负的。故选B。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们对自己的前景很乐观，但是他们的职业想法是相当模糊的。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. clear清晰的；C. changeable多变的；D. vague模糊的。根据but可知，虽然他们对自己的前景很乐观，但他们对职业想法是不确定的，非常的模糊。故选D。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管80%的人不打算追随父母的脚步，但69%的人仍然会向父母寻求建议。A. turn to转向，求助；B. turn up出现，调大；C. turn out结果是，证明是；D. turn into变成。根据Although以及空后“their parents for advice”可知，尽管很多青少年不打算追随父母的脚步，但他们会向父母寻求建议。故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一份没有前途但稳定却无聊工作，可以支付账单，也不在他们的考虑范围内。A. well-paid薪水高的；B. temporary暂时的；C. boring无聊的；D. rewarding有回报的。根据空前“neither is a dead-end but secure job”可知，这份工作很稳定，对于年轻人来说也很无聊。故选C。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：全球经济对昨天勤奋可靠的工人并不友好。A. common普通的；B. opposed反对的；C. kind善良的；D. devoted忠诚的，献身的。根据下文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the initiative.”可知，未来属于思维敏捷、足智多谋、有抱负并能采取主动的人，因此全球经济对那种勤奋可靠的工人不太友好。故选C。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这意味着，一个14岁的孩子把她未来的工作看作是一种随着她的成长而逐渐形成的冒险，这并不一定是不切实际的。A. normally正常地；B. necessarily必然地；C. nearly几乎；D. generally通常。根据下“that a 14-year-old sees her working future as a kind of  ___8___  to be made up as she goes along”可知，青少年在成长中不断地去冒险，他们对于职业的想法不一定是不切实际的，not necessarily“不一定”。故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着，一个14岁的孩子把她未来的工作看作是一种随着她的成长而逐渐形成的冒险，这并不一定是不切实际的。A. adventure冒险；B. terminal终端；C. destiny命运；D. reality现实。根据空后“to be made up as she goes along”可知，这是随着她的成长而逐渐形成的，因此像是一种冒险。故选A。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她必须接受培训和指导，以帮助她培养适合当今市场的技能。A. Finally最后；B. Instead相反；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。根据上文“This means it is not ___7___ being unrealistic that a 14-year-old sees her working future as a kind of ___8___ to be made up as she goes along.”可知，一个14岁的孩子对未来的职业想法并不是不切实际的，但他们必须接受培训和指导。上文和下文形成转折关系，因此用副词However。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多年轻人意识到裁员、缩减规模和自由职业都是现代工作生活的一部分，但没有人告诉他们如何将这些新规则转化为自己的优势。A. claim声称；B. declare宣布；C. conclude得出结论；D. perceive意识到。根据后文“but no one is telling them how they might be able to turn the new rules of the ___11___ game to their advantage”可知，没有人告诉他们，因此是他们自己意识到的。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多年轻人意识到裁员、缩减规模和自由职业都是现代工作生活的一部分，但没有人告诉他们如何将这些新规则转化为自己的优势。A. competition竞争；B. employment就业，雇佣；C. knowledge知识；D. modernization现代化。根据上文“redundancy (冗余), downsizing (裁员) and freelancing (自由职业)”可知，“裁员、缩减规模和自由职业”这些都是和就业有关的。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个好的第一步将是改变学校为年轻人或成年人的生活做准备的方式。A. translate翻译；B. transport运输；C. transform改变；D. transfer转移。根据下文“The education system is becoming less flexible”可知，教育系统正在变得不那么灵活，因此需要改变学校为年轻人或成年人的生活做准备的方式。故选C。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在就业市场朝着相反的方向发展的时候，教育系统却变得不那么灵活，更加坚持传统技能。A. opposite相反的；B. former以前的；C. regular常规的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据上文“The education system is becoming less flexible”可知，教育系统正在变得不那么灵活，而就业市场却朝着相反的方向发展。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最好的办法是忘记父母给你的所有建议，站在青少年的立场上。A. take拿走；B. forget忘记；C. recall回忆；D. spoil破坏。根据下文“and step into your teenager’s shoes”可知，要站在孩子的立场上，因此需要忘记父母给的所有建议。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个几乎没有人享有经济保障的世界里，雄心壮志是不应该浪费的。A. inherit继承；B. keep保持；C. simplify简化；D. waste浪费。根据上文“Give them the courage to follow their dreams”可知，要给他们追求梦想的勇气，因为雄心壮志是不应该浪费的。故选D。 话题 3 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市黄浦区上海市大同中学·期末） During a research experiment a biologist placed a shark into a large holding tank and then released several small fish into the tank. The result met your 41 , the shark quickly swam around the tank, attacked and ate the smaller fish. The biologist then inserted a strong piece of clear glass into the tank, creating two 42 parts. She then put the shark on one side of the glass and a new set of small fish on the other. 43 , the shark quickly attacked. This time, however, the shark hit hard against the glass divider and bounced off. Determined, the shark kept 44 this behavior every few minutes, but to no avail.Meanwhile, the small fish swam around   45 in the second part. Eventually, about an hour into the experiment，the shark gave up. This experiment was carried out several dozen times over the next few weeks. Each time, the shark got less 46 and made fewer attempts to attack the small fish, until it 47   hitting the glass divider and simply stopped attacking altogether. The biologist then, 48 the glass divider, but the shark didn’t attack. The shark was trained to believe a (n) 49 existed between it and the small fish, so the small fish could swim wherever they wished, free from harm. The moral: Many of us, after experiencing setbacks and failures, emotionally give up and stop trying. Like the shark in the story, we believe that because we were unsuccessful in the past, we will always be unsuccessful. 50 , we continue to see a barrier in our heads, even when no ‘real’ barrier exists between where we are and where we want to go. 1．A．demands B．conditions C．requirements D．expectations 2．A．broken B．opposite C．separate D．connected 3．A．Yet B．Again C．Instead D．Meanwhile 4．A．copying B．changing C．controlling D．repeating 5．A．unharmed B．unnoticed C．unchallenged D．unaccustomed 6．A．alert B．aggressive C．blind D．concerned 7．A．got used to B．got down to C．got tired of D．got involved in 8．A．rearranged B．removed C．replaced D．restored 9．A．approach B．obstacle C．shelter D．threat 10．A．Above all B．As a result C．In other words D．In conclusion 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生物学家通过一项实验表明我们中的许多人在经历挫折和失败后，会在情感上放弃并停止尝试。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果符合你的预期，鲨鱼很快在鱼缸周围游动，攻击并吃掉较小的鱼。A. demands要求；B. conditions条件；C. requirements要求；D. expectations期望。由上文“During a research experiment a biologist placed a shark into a large holding tank and then released several small fish into the tank.”可知，将小鱼放到有鲨鱼的水槽中，鲨鱼肯定会吃小鱼，所以此处指结果符合预期，即鲨鱼吃掉小鱼，故选D。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后生物学家将一块坚固的透明玻璃插入水箱中，形成两个独立的部分。A. broken破碎的；B. opposite相反的；C. separate独立的；D. connected连接的。由上文“The biologist then inserted a strong piece of clear glass into the tank, creating two”可知，将一块玻璃插入水箱中，水槽自然会形成两个独立的部分。故选C。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：鲨鱼再次快速发起攻击。A. Yet然而；B. Again再次；C. Instead相反；D. Meanwhile同时。由下文“the shark quickly attacked. ”和上文“the shark quickly swam around the tank, attacked and ate the smaller fish.”可知，在没放入玻璃之前鲨鱼会攻击小鱼，这是在放入玻璃后，鲨鱼第二次攻击小鱼，所以此处指“再次”，故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：鲨鱼下定决心，每隔几分钟就会重复这种行为，但毫无效果。A. copying占有；B. changing改变；C. controlling控制；D. repeating重复。由下文“this behavior every few minutes, but to no avail”可知，鲨鱼重复这种行为，故选D。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，在第二部分中，小鱼却安然无恙地游来游去。A. unharmed没有受伤的；无恙的；B. unnoticed没有注意到的；C. unchallenged不成问题的；D. unaccustomed不习惯的。由上文“the small fish swam around”可知，小鱼们游来游去，这说明没有受到伤害，故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每一次，鲨鱼的攻击性都会减弱，攻击小鱼的次数也会减少，直到它厌倦了撞击玻璃隔板，干脆完全停止攻击。A. alert警觉的；B. aggressive好斗的，挑衅的；有攻击性的；C. blind瞎的；D. concerned关心的。由下文“made fewer attempts to attack”可知，鲨鱼的攻击性减弱，攻击小鱼的次数减少，故选B。 7．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：每一次，鲨鱼的攻击性都会减弱，攻击小鱼的次数也会减少，直到它厌倦了撞击玻璃隔板，干脆完全停止攻击。A. got used to习惯于；B. got down to开始做；C. got tired of厌烦；D. got involved in卷入。由下文“hitting the glass divider and simply stopped attacking altogether.”可知，鲨鱼厌烦了撞击玻璃板，所以最后干脆停止攻击，故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：生物学家随后移开了玻璃隔板，但鲨鱼没有攻击。A. rearranged重新安排；B. removed移除；C. replaced代替；D. restored储存。由下文“the glass divider, but the shark didn’t attack. ”可知，在移除了玻璃板之后鲨鱼也没有攻击小鱼们，故选B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲨鱼经过训练，相信它和小鱼之间存在障碍，因此小鱼可以游到任何它们想去的地方，而不会受到伤害。A. approach方法；B. obstacle障碍；C. shelter避难所；D. threat威胁。由下文“existed between it and the small fish, so the small fish could swim wherever they wished, free from harm.”可知，鲨鱼不再攻击小鱼，是因为它认为它和小鱼之间有障碍物，故选B。 10．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意： 换句话说，即使我们所处的位置和我们想去的地方之间不存在“真正的”障碍，我们仍然会在头脑中看到障碍。A. Above all首先；B. As a result结果；C. In other words换句话说；D. In conclusion总之。由上文“Like the shark in the story, we believe that because we were unsuccessful in the past, we will always be unsuccessful”和下文“we continue to see a barrier in our heads, even when no ‘real’ barrier exists between where we are and where we want to go.”可知，前后句子表达的意思一样，所以此处指“换句话说”。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市建平中学·期末） Why You Might Need an Adventure In 2017, a scholar at the Murdoch University in Australia proposed a hypothesis about why materially comfortable humans would nonetheless be drawn to difficult, even dangerous tasks. The universe is life-giving and deadly, and therefore, from the outset (从一开始), humans needed to embrace 1 to flourish. This characteristic, encoded in the genome ever since, may 2 itself as a tendency to adopt risky heroic behaviors. Evidence from modern researchers does suggest that framing one's life as this type of difficult quest (探索), can lead to positive transformation. In one 2023 experiment, scholars asked participants to reframe their life as one that followed the steps in the 3 journey. The researchers found it raised their subjects’ 4 ; it also made a difficult task more meaningful and improved their resistance to trouble. Beyond simply rewriting your life story, starting a voluntary challenge or adventure can bring immediate and big 5 benefits. Consider a 2013study finding that experienced climbers tend to feel happier when they climb mountains. A challenging adventure doesn't have to be physical in nature; it can equally be 6 . Learning new things with curiosity and exploration will arouse positive moods. This raises an interesting paradox that appears in this field of happiness research: People 7 a lot more happiness from high-skill activities that require learning than they do from low-skill ones that don't, yet we typically 8 the latter. In other words, you will probably be much happier reading about 9 or science than you will if you just scroll social media — so why are you still scrolling? The obvious answer is that it is less mentally 10 — and although the happiness benefits of reading Socrates (苏格拉底) will probably be greater, they are deferred (延期的) and abstract compared with the instant satisfaction of sitting on the couch watching videos on your phone. Therefore, those whose life feels dull and gray should go find a challenge that is worthwhile and hard. 11 , if you are little too comfortable marking time in work that doesn't inspire you, perhaps you should quit and start a job search. If the information in your head has become 12 to you, maybe it is time to go back to school in a new field. For a physical challenge, 13 a half-marathon in six months' time or set out to walk a few hundred miles. There is no 14 that whatever adventure you choose will turn out the way you expect, of course. And that is the point. If it were safe, it wouldn't be heroic; if it were 15 , it wouldn't be an adventure. The object is not to win in a conventional way; it is to wake up and be fully alive. 1．A．adaptation B．cooperation C．evolution D．risk 2．A．reveal B．conceal C．imagine D．replace 3．A．criminal’s B．hero’s C．ancestor’s D．champion’s 4．A．pessimism about life B．sense of purpose C．desire for materialism D．withdrawal from society 5．A．happiness B．charity C．career D．finance 6．A．academic B．mental C．professional D．subjective 7．A．sacrifice B．overlook C．obtain D．shelter 8．A．opt against B．amount to C．turn down D．settle for 9．A．comics B．philosophy C．gossip D．guidance 10．A．sensational B．valuable C．demanding D．advantageous 11．A．For instance B．In addition C．By contrast D．In consequence 12．A．dull B．nasty C．bare D．priceless 13．A．give in to B．put up with C．keep away from D．sign up for 14．A．perspective B．guarantee C．need D．doubt 15．A．durable B．inevitable C．remarkable D．predictable 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类生来就喜欢冒险，这种特征就被编码在基因组中，可能表现为采取冒险的英雄行为的倾向。现代研究人员的证据确实表明，将一个人的生活设定为这种艰难的追求，可以带来积极的转变。总之，说明了冒险活动可以带来身体和心灵的好处。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：宇宙既孕育生命，也致命，因此，从一开始，人类就需要拥抱风险才能繁荣。A. adaptation改编本；B. cooperation合作；C. evolution进化；D. risk风险。根据前文提到人类会被困难甚至危险的任务吸引，以及后文“this type of difficult quest”等内容，可知人类从一开始就需要接受“风险”才能繁荣发展，故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，这种特征就被编码在基因组中，可能表现为采取冒险的英雄行为的倾向。A. reveal揭露，展示；B. conceal隐藏；C. imagine想象；D. replace取代。根据后文“itself as a tendency to adopt risky heroic behaviors”可知，这种编码在基因组中的特征可能表现为一种采取冒险英雄行为的倾向，reveal itself as...表示“表现为……”，故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在2023年的一项实验中，学者们要求参与者将他们的生活重新定义为遵循英雄旅程中的步骤。A. criminal’s罪犯的；B. hero’s英雄的；C. ancestor’s祖先的；D. champion’s冠军的。结合上文“adopt risky heroic behaviors”以及上文提到的冒险、英雄行为等内容，这里是让参与者将自己的生活重新构建为遵循“英雄”之旅的步骤，故选B。 4．考查名词短语辨析。句意：研究人员发现，它提高了受试者的目标感；这也使一项困难的任务变得更有意义，提高了他们对麻烦的抵抗力。A. pessimism about life对生活的悲观；B. sense of purpose目的感；C. desire for materialism物质欲；D. withdrawal from society远离社会。根据后文“it also made a difficult task more meaningful and improved their resistance to trouble”可知，此处是在说明英雄之旅的好处，即提高了受试者的目标感；这也使一项困难的任务变得更有意义，提高了他们对麻烦的抵抗力。故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了简单地重写你的生活故事，开始一个自愿的挑战或冒险可以带来直接的和巨大的“幸福”的好处。A. happiness幸福；B. charity慈善；C. career事业；D. finance经济。根据后文“Consider a 2013study finding that experienced climbers tend to feel happier when they climb mountains.(想想2013年的一项研究发现，有经验的登山者在登山时往往会感到更快乐)”可知，有经验的登山者爬山时往往更快乐，可知开始一项自愿的挑战或冒险能带来直接且巨大的“幸福”益处，故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：具有挑战性的冒险并不一定是物理性质的；它同样可以是精神上的。A. academic学术的；B. mental心理的；C. professional专业的；D. subjective主观的。根据后文“Learning new things with curiosity and exploration will arouse positive moods.(带着好奇心和探索去学习新事物会激发积极的情绪)”可知，具有挑战性的冒险并不一定是物理性质的；它同样可以是精神上的。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就引出了幸福研究领域中一个有趣的悖论：人们从需要学习的高技能活动中获得的快乐要比从不需要学习的低技能活动中获得的快乐多得多，但我们通常满足于后者。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. overlook忽视；C. obtain获得；D. shelter庇护。根据后文“a lot more happiness from high-skill activities”指人们从需要学习的高技能活动中获得的快乐，故选C。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这就引出了幸福研究领域中一个有趣的悖论：人们从需要学习的高技能活动中获得的快乐要比从不需要学习的低技能活动中获得的快乐多得多，但我们通常满足于后者。A. opt against选择反对；B. amount to等同于；C. turn down拒绝；D. settle for满足于。根据上文“yet we typically”中but表示转折，可知，然而我们通常“满足于”后者（低技能活动），故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，你可能会更喜欢阅读哲学或科学，而不是浏览社交媒体——那你为什么还在刷呢？A. comics漫画；B. philosophy哲学；C. gossip流言蜚语；D. guidance指导。根据后文“or science”以及上文动词reading可知此处指阅读哲学或科学，后文“although the happiness benefits of reading Socrates”提到阅读苏格拉底也是提示阅读哲学，故选B。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显而易见的答案是，它对精神的要求更低——尽管阅读苏格拉底的快乐益处可能会更大，但与坐在沙发上用手机看视频的即时满足感相比，它们是延迟的和抽象的。A. sensational轰动的；B. valuable宝贵的；C. demanding要求高的；D. advantageous有利的。根据后文“although the happiness benefits of reading Socrates will probably be greater, they are deferred and abstract compared with the instant satisfaction of sitting on the couch watching videos on your phone.(尽管阅读苏格拉底的快乐益处可能会更大，但与坐在沙发上用手机看视频的即时满足感相比，它们是延迟的和抽象的)”可知，喜欢刷视频是因为对精神的要求更低，故选C。 11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，如果你觉得在不能激励你的工作上消磨时间有点太舒服了，也许你应该辞职，开始找工作。A. For instance例如；B. In addition此外；C. By contrast相比之下；D. In consequence结果。根据上文“Therefore, those whose life feels dull and gray should go find a challenge that is worthwhile and hard.(因此，那些生活感到沉闷和灰色的人应该去寻找一个值得和困难的挑战)”可知，前文说生活枯燥的人应该找一个有价值且困难的挑战，这里举例说明，比如工作不激励自己就辞职找工作，故选A。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你头脑中的信息对你来说已经变得枯燥，也许是时候回到学校学习一个新的领域了。A. dull枯燥的；B. nasty恶毒的；C. bare赤裸的；D. priceless无价的。根据后文“maybe it is time to go back to school in a new field”可知，学习新领域是因为头脑中的信息变得枯燥了。故选A。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于身体上的挑战，你可以报名参加六个月的半程马拉松，或者开始步行几百英里。A. give in to屈服于；B. put up with忍受；C. keep away from避免；D. sign up for报名参加。根据后文“a half-marathon in six months’ time or set out to walk a few hundred miles”指报名参加马拉松比赛。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，没有人能保证你选择的任何冒险都会如你所愿。A. perspective观点；B. guarantee保证；C. need需要；D. doubt怀疑。根据后文“whatever adventure you choose will turn out the way you expect”可知，冒险的意义在于不能“保证”你选择的任何冒险都会如你所愿，故选B。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果它是安全的，它就不是英雄主义的活动；如果它是可预测的，那就不够冒险了。A. durable持久的；B. inevitable必然发生的；C. remarkable非凡的；D. predictable可预测的。根据后文“it wouldn’t be an adventure”可知，与冒险的不确定性相呼应，应当是可预测，故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海市嘉定区封浜高级中学·期末） Our drive to look for happiness is a muscle that we can exercise and develop. Almost anyone can learn to develop their reward sensitivity (奖励敏感性) by 1 themselves to notice and experience their positive emotions. To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of 2 . It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite drink or reading a few pages of a novel. This will make you less likely to 3 positive experiences. After you’ve 4 that daily moment, close your eyes and think about where and when you experienced the greatest joy. The idea isn’t just to remember how you felt, but to enhance and re-experience it, thus 5 your memory of them, and increasing your desire to seek them out going forward. Here are some other suggestions you can adopt to develop a 6 mind-set. Expand your joy 7 : Research suggests that finding more words to describe positive emotions can prove and increase them. When reflecting on how something made you feel, try to be 8 , using words like calm, overjoyed, delighted, inspired beyond fine, good or great. Share your highlight reel (高光时刻): 9 what made you happiest can make you feel better. Spread that happiness to another person — and also strengthen a bond. Find bright sides: With practice, it’s possible to 10 the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative. For example, if you invited co-workers to get together and only one person 11 , you could easily view that as a(n) 12 . But the bright side would be that you got to know that one person better. Keep in mind, too, that it’s normal to feel 13 with pleasurable feelings sometimes, particularly if you experience depression and anxiety. Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats — but by constantly 14 disaster, we miss the happiness in front of us right now. Sometimes we need to 15 like happy people if we actually want to be happy. 1．A．attracting B．surrounding C．disturbing D．training 2．A．achievement B．evidence C．blame D．impact 3．A．fancy B．delay C．echo D．recycle 4．A．enjoyed B．owed C．leaned D．begged 5．A．attaching B．exploding C．integrating D．strengthening 6．A．positive B．unsteady C．crucial D．unfair 7．A．energy B．entrance C．position D．vocabulary 8．A．identical B．creative C．precise D．advanced 9．A．Broadcasting B．Puzzling C．Immersing D．Greeting 10．A．cover B．divide C．disapprove D．notice 11．A．called to B．showed up C．stuck out D．lit up 12．A．failure B．opportunity C．reward D．surprise 13．A．passionate B．reliable C．easy D．uncomfortable 14．A．taking over B．burning out C．consisting in D．preparing for 15．A．master B．assign C．behave D．devote 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是通过训练自己注意和体验积极情绪来提升幸福感，包括每日计划愉快活动、增强快乐记忆及分享正面经历等方法。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几乎任何人都可以通过训练自己去注意并体验他们的积极情绪来发展奖励敏感性。A. attracting吸引；B. surrounding包围；C. disturbing打扰；D. training训练。根据上文“Our drive to seek out happiness is a muscle that we can exercise and develop.”可知，我们可以通过训练来获得幸福。故选D项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：要提高你的奖励敏感度，首先从每天计划一项活动开始，这项活动会让你感到快乐或给你一种成就感。A. achievement成就；B. evidence证据；C. blame责备；D. impact影响。根据上文“make you happy”可推测，空处和“使你幸福”意义相近，由此可知，此处表示“成就感”符合语境。故选A项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这会使你不太可能延迟正面经历的体验。A. fancy想象；B. delay延迟；C. echo回声；D. recycle循环。根据上文“It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack or reading a few pages of a novel.”可知，当我们完成一项活动时，可以适当奖励自己，由此可知，这样我们才不会“延迟”做这项活动。故选B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在享受了那个每日时刻之后，闭上眼睛，回想你在何时何地经历了最大的喜悦。A. enjoyed享受；B. owed欠；C. leaned倾斜；D. begged请求。根据下文的“close your eyes and think about where and when you experienced the greatest joy.”可知，闭上眼睛回顾自己经历的最大的喜悦，由此可知，此处指的是“享受”符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样做的目的不仅仅是记住你的感受，而是要增强并重新体验那种快乐，从而加深你对它们的记忆，并增加你今后去追求它们的动力。A. attaching附加；B. exploding爆炸；C. integrating整合；D. strengthening加强。根据上文“The idea isn’t just to remember how you felt, but to enhance and re-experience it”以及下文的“increasing your motivation to seek them out going forward.”可推测，空处指的是“增强”记忆，从而有动力去追求快乐。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这里还有一些其他建议，可以帮助你培养一种积极的心态。A. positive积极的；B. unsteady不稳定的；C. crucial关键的；D. unfair不公平的。根据本文的主题以及上文的“Almost anyone can learn to develop their reward sensitivity (奖励敏感性) by ____1____ themselves to notice and experience their positive emotions.”可知，几乎任何人都可以通过训练自己去注意并体验他们的积极情绪来发展奖励敏感性，由此可知，此处指的是培养“积极的”心态，符合语境。故选A项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：扩大你的快乐词汇量：研究表明，找到更多描述积极情绪的词汇可以证明并增加这些情绪。A. energy能量；B. entrance入口；C. position位置；D. vocabulary词汇。根据下文“Research suggests that finding more words to describe positive emotions can prove and increase them.”可知，找到更多描述积极情绪的词汇可以证明并增加这些情绪，由此可知，作者建议我们扩展快乐“词汇”符合语境。故选D项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你反思某件事让你感觉如何时，尽量使用精确的词汇，诸如平静、极度高兴、受到鼓舞等词语，而不仅仅是好或不错。A. identical相同的；B. creative创造性的；C. precise精确的；D. advanced高级的。根据下文“using words like calm, overjoyed, delighted, inspired beyond fine, good or great.”可知，不是使用简单的“不错”、 “好”或“很棒”这样的词汇，由此可知，作者建议我们使用更“精确的”词汇，符合语境。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：分享你的高光时刻：传播那些让你最快乐的事情可以让你感觉更好。A. Broadcasting传播，广播；B. Puzzling困惑；C. Immersing沉浸；D. Greeting问候。根据上文“Share your highlight reel (高光时刻)”可知，作者建议我们分享自己的高光时刻，由此可知，作者建议我们“传播”让自己快乐的事情。故选A项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：寻找积极的一面：通过练习，我们有可能注意到那些我们最初可能视为负面的事情中隐藏的积极因素。A. cover覆盖；B. divide分割；C. disapprove不同意；D. notice注意。根据下文的“the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative.”可推测，通过训练，那些最初可能看做负面的事情中隐藏的积极因素可以被“注意到”符合语境。故选D项。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，如果你邀请同事聚会，但只有一个人来了，你可能会很容易把这看作是一种失败。A. called to致电；B. showed up出现；C. stuck out突出；D. lit up照亮。根据语境和上文的“With practice, it’s possible to ____10____ the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative.”可知，我们有可能注意到那些我们最初可能视为负面的事情中隐藏的积极因素，由此可推断，此处指的是邀请同事聚会，只有一个人“出现”，这是一个负面的事情，符合语境，故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你邀请同事聚会，但只有一个人来了，你可能会很容易把这看作是一种失败。A. failure失败；B. opportunity机会；C. reward奖励；D. surprise惊喜。根据上文的“For example, if you invited co-workers to get together and only one person ____11____ ,”以及下文“But the bright side would be that you got to know that one person better.”可知，邀请同事聚会却只有一个人出现，且与but后的内容为转折关系，由此可推断，空处指的是我们可能会将这看作失败，但是其实这件事也有积极的一面。故选A项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：还要记住，有时候对愉悦的感觉感到不舒服是正常的，特别是如果你患有抑郁症和焦虑症。A. passionate热情的；B. reliable可靠的；C. easy容易的；D. uncomfortable不安的。根据下文“particularly if you experience depression and anxiety.”以及“Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats”可知，在你患有抑郁和焦虑症，而且担忧会让你觉得自己已经准备好应对威胁，由此可推断，作者认为有时候对愉悦的感觉感到不舒服，这很正常。故选D项。 14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：担忧可能会让你觉得自己已经准备好应对威胁——但如果我们总是为灾难做准备，就会错过眼前的幸福。A. taking over接管，占上风；B. burning out燃尽；C. consisting in在于；D. preparing for为……做准备。根据上文“Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats”可知，空处指的是为灾难做准备。故选D项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候我们需要像快乐的人一样行为，如果我们真的想快乐的话。A. master掌握；B. assign分配；C. behave表现；D. devote奉献。根据语境和下文的“if we actually want to be happy.”可知，如果真想快乐的话，我们需要有像快乐的人一样的“行为”符合语境。故选C项。 话题 4自然生态 Passage 1 （22-23学年高二上·上海市奉贤区致远高级中学·期末） China becomes a world leader in clean technology by fighting environmental pollution, sharing experience. Erik Solheim, former executive director of the United Nations Environmental Programme, said he is 1 with China’s phenomenal achievements over the past decade in fighting environmental pollution and climate change, and in its march toward 2 development. This is very 3 to his Twitter followers. Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, 4 a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade; one about China producing 60 percent of global solar energy last year and 80 percent of solar panels; and another highlighting the fact that 80 percent of the world’s new offshore wind capacity was installed in China last year. He believes that it’s time for the rest of the world to 5 . For Solheim, who is also the former Norwegian Minister of the Environment and Minister of International Development, China’s achievements on the climate and environmental fronts all started with its fight against 6 . “People wanted to see beautiful skies over their cities,” he told China Daily. “The 7 fast reduction in air pollution in Chinese cities over the last decade shows how fast China can act. This has now spilled over into renewable energy, nature protection, electric mobility, tree planting and a lot more. Today, China is the world leader in all 8 technologies.” The latest 9 from China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment prove Solheim’s observations that the country is rapidly switching to a more sustainable path. Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu told a news conference on Sept 15 that the country’s toughest measures and greatest progress on the ecological and environmental front have occurred in the last decade. He said that 10 painstaking efforts to combat pollution, clear waters and blue skies have become more commonplace. While poor air quality used to be a source of frequent public complaints, the average 11 of hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter between 2015 and last year. About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015, making China the country with the biggest 12 in air quality in the world. In the last decade, the 13 of water at or above Grade III in the country’s five-tier water quality system rose 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent, close to the levels in developed countries. Carbon intensity, or carbon emissions per unit of GDP, has declined by 34.4 percent, with coal 14 for 56 percent of total energy consumption, compared to 68.5 percent a decade ago. China has has legislated or revised roughly 30 laws and regulations, some of which focused on water resource protection, including the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, which was modified in 2017, and the Yangtze River Protection Law, which 15 last year. 1．A．confused B．impressed C．obsessed D．connected 2．A．available B．accessible C．sustainable D．substantial 3．A．evident B．attractive C．invisible D．unique 4．A．donating B．contributing C．manufacturing D．distributing 5．A．fall behind B．put forward C．look up D．catch up 6．A．pollution B．environment C．ecology D．emission 7．A．probably B．inevitably C．incredibly D．traditionally 8．A．biological B．advanced C．far-reaching D．green 9．A．study B．figures C．technologies D．innovation 10．A．thanks to B．despite C．regardless of D．other than 11．A．height B．length C．concentration D．weight 12．A．obstacle B．improvement C．contribution D．cultivation 13．A．quality B．flavor C．deposit D．proportion 14．A．accounting B．making C．looking D．applying 15．A．took effect B．took place C．took to D．took in 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是通过治理环境污染，分享经验，中国成为世界清洁技术的领导者。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合国环境规划署前执行主任Erik Solheim表示，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。A. confused困惑的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. obsessed（对……）着迷的；D. connected连接的。根据下文“Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, _____4_____ a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，Erik Solheim对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合国环境规划署前执行主任Erik Solheim表示，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。A. available可获得的；B. accessible可使用的；C. sustainable可持续发展的；D. substantial实质性的。根据下文“China producing 60 percent of global solar energy last year and 80 percent of solar panels; and another highlighting the fact that 80 percent of the world’s new offshore wind capacity was installed in China last year”和第9空后的“the country is rapidly switching to a more sustainable path”可知，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一点在他的推特粉丝中非常明显。A. evident明显的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. invisible看不见的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, _____4_____ a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，这一点在他的推特粉丝中非常明显。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Solheim的最新推文包括：中国在人工林和森林覆盖率增长方面位居全球第一，在过去十年中贡献了全球四分之一的新森林。A. donating捐赠；B. contributing贡献；C. manufacturing制造；D. distributing分发。根据下文“a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，中国在人工林和森林覆盖率增长方面位居全球第一，在过去十年中贡献了全球四分之一的新森林。故选B。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他认为，现在是世界其他地区迎头赶上的时候了。A. fall behind落后；B. put forward提出；C. look up查询；D. catch up赶上。根据上文“it’s time for the rest of the world to”可知，现在是世界其他地区迎头赶上的时候了。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：曾任挪威环境部长和国际发展部部长的Solheim认为，中国在气候和环境方面取得的成就都是从治理污染开始的。A. pollution污染；B. environment环境；C. ecology生态；D. emission排放。根据下文“fast reduction in air pollution in Chinese cities over the last decade”可知，中国在气候和环境方面取得的成就都是从治理污染开始的。故选A。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：过去10年，中国城市空气污染以令人难以置信的速度减少，这表明中国的行动速度有多快。A. probably可能地；B. inevitably不可避免地；C. incredibly令人难以置信地；D. traditionally传统上。根据下文“hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，中国城市空气污染以令人难以置信的速度减少。故选C。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，中国在所有绿色技术方面都处于世界领先地位。A. biological生物的；B. advanced先进的；C. far-reaching影响深远的；D. green绿色的。根据上文“renewable energy, nature protection, electric mobility, tree planting”可知，中国在所有绿色技术方面都处于世界领先地位。故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国生态环境部的最新数据证实了Solheim的观察，即中国正在迅速转向一条更可持续的道路。A. study学习；B. figures数字；C. technologies技术；D. innovation创新。根据下文“hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，中国生态环境部的最新数据证实了Solheim的观察。故选B。 10．考查固定短语辨析。句意：他说，由于努力治理污染，碧水蓝天变得更加普遍。A. thanks to多亏，由于；B. despite尽管；C. regardless of不管；D. other than除了。根据下文“painstaking efforts to combat pollution, clear waters and blue skies have become more commonplace”可知，由于努力治理污染，碧水蓝天变得更加普遍。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然糟糕的空气质量曾是公众经常抱怨的一个来源，但从2015年到去年，空气中有害PM2.5颗粒的平均浓度从每立方米46微克下降到30微克。A. height高度；B. length长度；C. concentration浓度；D. weight重量。根据下文“of hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，空气中有害PM2.5颗粒的平均浓度从每立方米46微克下降到30微克。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，中国空气质量良好天数约为87.5%，较2015年上升6.3个百分点，成为世界上空气质量改善最大的国家。A. obstacle障碍；B. improvement提高；C. contribution贡献；D. cultivation培养。根据上文“About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015”可知，中国空气质量良好天数约为87.5%，较2015年上升6.3个百分点，成为世界上空气质量改善最大的国家。故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：近10年来，全国水质五级体系中III级及以上水质比重上升23.3个百分点，达到84.9%，已接近发达国家水平。A. quality质量；B. flavor味道；C. deposit存款；D. proportion比例。根据下文“rose 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent”可知，全国水质五级体系中III级及以上水质比重上升23.3个百分点，达到84.9%，空格处意为“比例”。故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：碳强度，即单位国内生产总值的碳排放下降了34.4%，煤炭占能源消费总量的56%，而十年前为68.5%。A. accounting占（一定数量或比例）；B. making制作；C. looking看；D. applying申请。根据下文“for 56 percent of total energy consumption”可知，煤炭占能源消费总量的56%。故选A。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国已经立法或修订了大约30部法律法规，其中一些专注于水资源保护，包括2017年修改的《水污染防治法》和去年生效的《长江保护法》。A. took effect生效；B. took place发生；C. took to喜欢；D. took in吸收。根据上文“Yangtze River Protection Law”可知，《长江保护法》在去年生效。故选A。 Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市浦东新区·期末） How many times have you complained about airline food being tasteless? New research suggests that, to a large degree, the reason for the “bad food” might just be a change in our ability to perceive taste. The Fraunhofer Institute, a German research organization, conducted a study on why a dish that would be perfectly 1 in a restaurant would seem unattractive while in the air. In a mock aircraft cabin, researchers tried out ingredients at both sea level and in a pressurized condition. The air inside an airplane cabin is 15 percent drier than the air that we would 2 breathe while on the ground. In an environment like this, our powers of smell begin to drift away. 3 actually starts to deteriorate the moment we step on a plane. The situation worsens once the airplane begins to climb. In this situation, our nasal cavities swell (肿胀). The swelling messes with our taste buds, making food taste less 4 . You know how dining in such conditions can be like if you have ever tried to eat while you are suffering from a cold or the flu. Research has also shown that the lower temperature and air pressure inside of an airplane can make it harder to detect aroma. These airborne molecules (空中的分子), by 5 the nose’s sensory cells, play an important role in the process of tasting. 6 , vibrations from the air striking the hull (机身), as well as the roaring of the plane’s engines and the winds outside of it, collectively produce a rather constant “ 7 ”, which is equivalent to city traffic. Researchers have found that loud noises 8 our ability to appreciate sweet flavors. All that being said, “bad food” can’t be blamed solely on the in-cabin conditions. Preparing and serving tasty food for passengers above the clouds is no 9 task. All meals must be cooked on the ground, which demands that the food be robust (味道浓郁的). Such 10 for mass production definitely ties down the chef’s hands. 1．A．intangible B．available C．acceptable D．incredible 2．A．originally B．normally C．respectively D．flexibly 3．A．Scent B．Sight C．Flavor D．Breath 4．A．rewarding B．amusing C．appetizing D．astonishing 5．A．adjusting B．stimulating C．evaluating D．consuming 6．A．However B．Therefore C．Instead D．Moreover 7．A．movement B．noise C．strike D．problem 8．A．spread out B．hold back C．take away D．pull over 9．A．complex B．crucial C．easy D．ethical 10．A．requirement B．argument C．improvement D．treatment 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了德国研究机构弗劳恩霍夫研究所进行了一项研究，研究为什么在餐厅里完全可以接受的菜肴在航空中看起来没有吸引力。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：德国研究机构弗劳恩霍夫研究所进行了一项研究，研究为什么在餐厅里完全可以接受的菜肴在航空中看起来没有吸引力。A. intangible不可捉摸的；B. available可获得的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据第一段“How many times have you complained about airline food being tasteless? New research suggests that, to a large degree, the reason for the “bad food” might just be a change in our ability to perceive taste.(你有多少次抱怨过飞机餐没有味道？新的研究表明，在很大程度上，“坏食物”的原因可能只是我们感知味道的能力发生了变化)”可知，研究的主要内容是为什么在餐厅里完全可以接受的菜肴在航空中看起来没有吸引力。故选C。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：机舱内的空气比我们在地面上呼吸的空气要干燥15%。A. originally起初；B. normally正常地；C. respectively分别；D. flexibly灵活地。根据后文“breathe while on the ground”指地面上正常呼吸。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，在我们踏上飞机的那一刻，气味就开始变差了。A. Scent香味，气味；B. Sight视力；C. Flavor风味；D. Breath呼吸。根据上文“In an environment like this, our powers of smell begin to drift away.(在这样的环境中，我们的嗅觉能力开始减弱)”可知，嗅觉减弱，气味就开始变差了。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：肿胀会扰乱我们的味蕾，使食物尝起来不那么开胃。A. rewarding有益的；B. amusing有趣的；C. appetizing开胃的；D. astonishing令人吃惊的。根据上文“The swelling messes with our taste buds, making food taste less”可知，肿胀会扰乱我们的味蕾，使食物尝起来不那么开胃。故选C。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过刺激鼻子的感觉细胞，这些空气中的分子在品尝过程中发挥着重要作用。A. adjusting调整；B. stimulating刺激；C. evaluating评估；D. consuming消耗。根据常识可知，空气中的分子会刺激鼻子的感觉细胞。故选B。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，撞击仓体的空气振动，以及飞机引擎的轰鸣声和外面的风，共同产生了一种相当持续的“噪音”，相当于城市交通的噪音。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反；D. Moreover此外。后文在继续说明飞机餐没有吸引力的其它原因。故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，撞击仓体的空气振动，以及飞机引擎的轰鸣声和外面的风，共同产生了一种相当持续的“噪音”，相当于城市交通的噪音。A. movement活动；B. noise噪音；C. strike打击；D. problem问题。根据后文“loud noises”可知，这种是噪音。故选B。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究人员发现，巨大的噪音会阻碍我们欣赏甜美味道的能力。A. spread out展开；B. hold back抑制；C. take away带走；D. pull over停车。结合常识可知，巨大的噪音会阻碍我们欣赏甜美味道的能力。故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为云层之上的乘客准备和提供美味的食物并非易事。A. complex复杂的；B. crucial重要的；C. easy容易的；D. ethical道德的。根据上文“All that being said, “bad food” can’t be blamed solely on the in-cabin conditions.(话虽如此，“糟糕的食物”不能完全归咎于机舱内的条件)”可推知，为云层之上的乘客准备和提供美味的食物并非易事。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种大批量生产的要求无疑束缚了厨师的手脚。A. requirement要求；B. argument争论；C. improvement改善；D. treatment治疗。根据上文“All meals must be cooked on the ground, which demands that the food be robust.(所有的饭菜都必须在地上煮，这就要求食物要结实)”可知，这种大批量生产的要求无疑束缚了厨师的手脚。故选A。 Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·上海市吴淞中学·期末） Thanks to their evolutionary ancestry, domestic cats are, actually by their nature, more independent than dogs. Our cats, whose wild ancestors didn’t enjoy living in social groups as dogs do, 1 , during the process of domestication, gradually developed the capability to form social relationships not just with other cats, but also with people. Although independent cats may not 2 upon people to gain security as dogs do, they show affection for their guardians and seem to attach importance to the 3 of their human companions. Their strong attachment to humans is partly 4 by their experiences of being cared by people as a kitten. Cats behave towards humans in the exactly same way that they respond to their feline friends, so the secret of whether your cat feels 5 to you lies in their behaviour. Cats have successfully gained an edge for their outstanding ability to communicate with other cats over long distances and even when no longer 6 present. Our pet cats have 7 this “supersense” and depend heavily on this form of communication. Particularly, cats use scent to identify members of their social group or family, by sharing a group scent profile. Cats have specific scent glands on their flanks, head and around their ears, and often rub their heads against people and objects that are familiar and 8 . The soft sensation you feel against your calves is actually your cat 9 you as a friend and is a huge compliment. One of the most signs that your beloved pet is keen on you, is the way your cat greets you. When cats greet members of their social group, they 10 to show signals to indicate friendship and a desire to move closer. Also, Cats show these signals to humans. Rolling over and 11 their vulnerable under belly to you is another distinct gesture that a cat has ultimate faith in you. Besides, your cat might also be secretly signalling their affection by changing the way they look at you. When cats 12 strange humans or other cats they aren’t familiar with, they usually greet them with an 13 stare. But they are more likely to slowly blink at cats they have a good relationship with. Research indicates slow blinks are 14 a positive emotional state and can be a sign of trust, contentment and affection, 15 to a genuine human smile. 1．A．however B．meanwhile C．besides D．otherwise 2．A．put B．rest C．calculate D．stick 3．A．company B．edge C．resolution D．affection 4．A．weakened B．affected C．worsened D．strengthened 5．A．distanced B．perceived C．bonded D．appealed 6．A．physiologically B．physically C．psychologically D．realistically 7．A．ignored B．abandoned C．overlooked D．possessed 8．A．comforting B．exhausting C．enduring D．charming 9．A．demanding B．approaching C．identifying D．defining 10．A．prepare B．tend C．wish D．contribute 11．A．exposing B．committing C．attaching D．pushing 12．A．knock B．bump C．encounter D．stare 13．A．unknown B．undecided C．unblinking D．uncertain 14．A．associated with B．addicted to C．adjusted to D．assumed to 15．A．critical B．similar C．grateful D．decent 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。猫在驯化的过程中，逐渐发展了社交能力，对人类表现出强烈的依恋。文章描述了表明猫喜欢你的一些行为。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们的猫，其野生祖先不喜欢像狗一样生活在社会群体中，然而，在驯化的过程中，逐渐发展成不仅与其他猫，而且与人社交的能力。A. however然而；B. meanwhile同时；C. besides此外；D. otherwise否则；不然。前后之间是转折关系，应用however，故选A。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然独立的猫科动物可能不会像狗一样依靠人类来获得安全感，但它们会表现出对监护人的关爱，并且似乎很重视人类同伴的关爱。A. put放下；B. rest依靠；休息；C. calculate计算；D. stick粘。由下文“upon people to gain security as dogs do”可知，猫不像狗一样依靠人类来获取安全感，rest upon固定搭配，意为“依靠”，故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然独立的猫科动物可能不会像狗一样依靠人类来获得安全感，但它们会表现出对养护人的关爱，并且似乎很重视人类同伴的关爱。A. company陪伴；B. edge边缘；C. resolution解决；D. affection喜爱；关爱。由上文“they show affection for their guardians and seem to attach importance to the”和下文“Their strong attachment to humans is partly______4___by their experiences of being cared by people as a kitten.”可知，猫对人们关爱，一定程度上由于人们从小对猫的关爱和照顾，由此可知，猫重视人们对它的关爱，故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们对人类的强烈依恋在一定程度上受到它们小时候被人照顾的经历的影响。A. weakened减弱；B. affected影响；C. worsened变坏；D. strengthened加强。由下文“by their experiences of being cared by people as a kitten.”可知，猫对人类的依恋是受到它们小时候被人照顾的经历的影响，故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：猫对待人类的方式和它们对待猫科动物朋友的方式完全一样，所以判断你的猫是否感到与你有密切关系的秘密在于它们的行为。A. distanced疏远；B. perceived察觉；C. bonded建立亲密关系；D. appealed吸引。由上下文“so the secret of whether your cat feels___5___to you lies in their behaviour.”可知，此处指你的猫是否感到与你有着密切关系的秘密在于它们的行为表现，此处是过去分词作表语。故选C。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：猫已经成功地获得了优势，因为它们具有与其他猫进行长距离交流的卓越能力，甚至在它们没有现身的情况下也是如此。A. physiologically生理地；B. physically身体上地；C. psychologically心里上地；D. realistically实际地。根据上文“Cats have successfully gained an edge for their outstanding ability to communicate with other cats over long distances and even”和下文“supersense”可知，猫有与其他猫进行长距离交流的卓越能力，甚至它们还有“超感”，不用现身就能交流，故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的宠物猫拥有这种“超感”，并且非常依赖这种交流方式。A. ignored忽视；B. abandoned遗弃；C. overlooked忽视；D. possessed拥有。由下文“this “supersense” and depend heavily on this form of communication.”可知，猫拥有这种“超感”，故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：猫的侧腹、头部和耳朵周围都有特殊的气味腺体，它们经常用头部摩擦熟悉和舒适的人和物体。A. comforting舒适的；B. exhausting使人筋疲力尽的；C. enduring持久的；D. charming迷人的。由上文“often rub their heads against people and objects that are familiar and”可知，猫经常用头部摩擦舒适的人和物体，故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你小腿上的柔软感觉实际上是你的猫把你确定为一个朋友，这是一个巨大的赞美。A. demanding要求；B. approaching接近；C. identifying认出；D. defining下定义。由下文“you as a friend and is a huge compliment.”可知，猫经常用头部摩擦你的小腿，让你感觉到柔软舒服，这实际上表明猫把你看成它的一个朋友，define sb. as意为“确定某人为”，故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当猫咪和它们的社会群体成员打招呼时，它们往往会发出表示友谊的信号，并表示想要走得更近。A. prepare准备；B. tend倾向于；C. wish希望；D. contribute捐助。由下文“to show signals to indicate friendship and a desire to move closer”可知，猫和它们的社会群体打招呼时，往往会发出一些表示友谊的信号，tend to do固定搭配，意为“往往会；倾向于做”，故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：翻过身来，把它们脆弱的腹部暴露在你面前，这是另一种明显的姿态，表明猫对你有着终极的信任。A. exposing暴露；B. committing承诺；C. attaching附属；贴上；D. pushing推。由上文“Rolling over”和下文“their vulnerable under belly to you”可知，猫翻过身来，即露出它们的腹部，故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当猫遇到陌生的人类或其他不熟悉的猫，它们通常会用一眨不眨的眼睛问候他们。A. knock敲；B. bump撞上；C. encounter偶遇；遇到；D. stare盯住。由下文“strange humans or other cats they aren’t familiar with”可知，此处指遇到陌生人或不熟悉的同类时，猫的表现，故选C。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当猫遇到陌生的人类或其他不熟悉的猫，他们通常会用一眨不眨的眼睛问候他们。A. unknown未知的；B. undecided未定的；C. unblinking不眨眼的；D. uncertain不确定的。由下文“But they are more likely to slowly blink at cats they have a good relationship with.”可知，猫更有可能对和它们关系很好同类慢慢地眨眼睛，由此可知，当遇到陌生人或不熟悉的同类时，猫会一眨也不眨地盯着他们。故选C。 14．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：研究表明，慢速眨眼与积极的情绪状态有关，可以是信任、满足和喜爱的信号，类似于真正的人类微笑。A. associated with将……联系起来；B. addicted to沉迷于；C. adjusted to调整；D. assumed to假设。由下文“a positive emotional state and can be a sign of trust, contentment and affection”可知，猫慢速眨眼睛与它们的情绪有关，故选A。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，慢速眨眼与积极的情绪状态有关，可以是信任、满足和喜爱的信号，类似于真正的人类微笑。A. critical关键的；B. similar相似的；C. grateful感谢的；D. decent得体的。由下文“to a genuine human smile”可知，猫慢速眨眼睛，这就和人类真正的微笑类似，表明信任，满足和喜爱，故选B。 话题 5 社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海行知中学·期末） No one warned me that in my early 40s, I would start talking softly and longingly into prams (婴儿车). But when the right time came, I had, of course, every intention of becoming a conscientious, involved 1 . As a psychotherapist, I am much aware of how life-transforming a good relationship with grandparent can be. It 2 so much more than treats, extra quality time and cheap nannying. Good grandparents help build psychological security by making their grandchildren feel part of a much wider and stable supportive family 3 . They also give them a sense of their place in history and evolution and give their life a meaningful sense of perspective. Even when we reach adulthood, our psychological health can be 4 by the relationship that we may or may not have had with our grandparents. I frequently work with people who have a less than perfect relationship with their own parents. Many times I have been able to help people heal 5 by simply reawakening a cherished memory of a much happier and more unconditionally loving relationship with a grandparent. Alan was, in his own words, “a hopeless case of workaholism”. He still felt driven by trying to please his 6 perfectionist father. But, fortunately, I discovered that he had also 7 a much more unconditional kind of love from his calmer, happier and affectionate grandfather. Putting a photo of his grandad on his desk helped Alan keep his promise to himself to maintain better balance in his life. Nowadays, the chances of children and grandparents having intimate, satisfying relationships are fast 8 . Recent research revealed that in Britain, one out of twenty grandparents is likely to have had no 9 whatsoever with at least one of their grandchildren during the past five years. There are many reasons for this new distancing of generations. Sometimes, it’s mere 10 that keeps them apart. I recently met a woman who proudly showed me a picture of her family in Australia. Unfortunately she told me, she hadn’t ever visited them, and hadn’t even seen her five-year-old granddaughter. The 11 aspect of this story was that, however sad this situation was for both parties, there appeared to be no bitterness or hatred. But many grandparents feel quite 12 . They’re being forced apart from their grandchildren by less acceptable factors of modern society. Perhaps pressure of time maintains the distance. 13 , nowadays, even if close extended families live within easy visiting distance, they may still not see much of each other. Parents often spend so much of their precious weekends cleaning, shopping and decorating that they hardly have time to get to know their children. 14 , the children themselves may have such a heavy weekend of programmed activity that their time is also stretched to its limits. A visit to or from grandparents feels like a(n) 15 that no one can afford. 1．A．babysitter B．grandparent C．psychologist D．supporter 2．A．offers B．deserves C．demands D．assigns 3．A．house B．tradition C．network D．name 4．A．analyzed B．enhanced C．worsened D．affected 5．A．emotionally B．instinctively C．biologically D．conditionally 6．A．considerate B．ambitious C．courageous D．hesitant 7．A．understood B．given C．received D．required 8．A．departing B．climbing C．approaching D．decreasing 9．A．contact B．agreement C．problem D．association 10．A．misunderstanding B．geography C．budget D．time 11．A．peaceful B．confusing C．difficult D．positive 12．A．realistically B．plainly C．differently D．permanently 13．A．After all B．To sum up C．In addition D．First of all 14．A．Luckily B．Equally C．Strangely D．Obviously 15．A．interaction B．change C．enjoyment D．luxury 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者是心理治疗师，说明了与祖父母的良好关系可以改变孩子的生活，和祖父母的美好记忆可以治愈情感创伤。但是如今，孩子和祖父母拥有亲密、令人满意的关系的机会正在迅速减少，有距离因素也有时间因素。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，当时机成熟时，我当然希望成为一个有责任心、有责任感的祖父母。A. babysitter保姆；B. grandparent祖父母之一；C. psychologist心理学家；D. supporter支持者。根据上文“No one warned me that in my early 40s, I would start talking softly and longingly into prams.(没有人提醒过我，在我40岁出头的时候，我会开始温柔地、渴望地对着婴儿车说话)”以及后文“As a psychotherapist, I am much aware of how life-transforming a good relationship with grandparent can be.(作为一名心理治疗师，我非常清楚与祖父母的良好关系是如何改变生活的)”可知，作者渴望在时机成熟时成为一个有责任心、责任感的祖父母。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它提供的不仅仅是款待、额外的优质时间和廉价的保姆服务。A. offers提供；B. deserves值得；C. demands要求；D. assigns分配。根据后文“so much more than treats, extra quality time and cheap nannying”可知，祖父母可以为孩子提供款待、额外的优质时间和廉价的保姆服务。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的祖父母通过让他们的孙子感到自己是一个更广泛、更稳定的支持性家庭网络的一部分，从而帮助他们建立心理安全感。A. house房子；B. tradition传统；C. network网络；D. name名字。根据上文“making their grandchildren feel part of a much wider and stable supportive family”可知，祖父母可以为孩子提供支持性的家庭网络，帮助孩子建立心理安全感。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使我们成年了，我们的心理健康也会受到我们与祖父母的关系的影响。A. analyzed分析；B. enhanced加强；C. worsened恶化；D. affected影响。后文“by simply reawakening a cherished memory of a much happier and more unconditionally loving relationship with a grandparent”提到可以通过唤醒与祖父母之间更快乐、更无条件的爱的珍贵记忆来治疗情感创伤，说明心理健康也会受到我们与祖父母的关系的影响。故选D。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：很多时候，我都能帮助人们治愈情感创伤，仅仅通过唤醒他们与祖父母之间更快乐、更无条件的爱的珍贵记忆。A. emotionally感情上；B. instinctively本能地；C. biologically生物地；D. conditionally有条件地。根据后文“by simply reawakening a cherished memory of a much happier and more unconditionally loving relationship with a grandparent”可知，唤醒快乐回忆治疗是情感创伤。故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他仍然觉得自己被努力取悦野心勃勃的完美主义者父亲所驱使。A. considerate体贴的；B. ambitious有抱负的，野心勃勃的；C. courageous勇敢的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据上文“Alan was, in his own words, “a hopeless case of workaholism”.(用艾伦自己的话说，他是一个“工作狂”)”以及后文“perfectionist father”可知，指艾伦被自己野心勃勃的完美主义者父亲所驱使，让他成了一个“工作狂”。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，幸运的是，我发现他也从他更平静、更快乐、更深情的祖父那里得到了一种更加无条件的爱。A. understood理解；B. given给予；C. received收到；D. required需要。根据后文“a much more unconditional kind of love from his calmer, happier and affectionate grandfather”指从祖父那里收到了无条件的爱。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，孩子和祖父母拥有亲密、令人满意的关系的机会正在迅速减少。A. departing出发；B. climbing攀爬；C. approaching靠近；D. decreasing减少。根据后文“one out of twenty grandparents is likely to have had no”和“whatsoever with at least one of their grandchildren during the past five years”提到，每20位祖父母中就有一位可能在过去5年里与至少一个孙辈没有任何联系，说明拥有亲密关系的机会正在减少。故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的研究显示，在英国，每20位祖父母中就有一位可能在过去5年里与至少一个孙辈没有任何联系。A. contact联系；B. agreement协议；C. problem问题；D. association协会。根据后文“There are many reasons for this new distancing of generations.(造成这种新的代际距离的原因有很多)”可知，产生代际距离的原因有很多，说明联系减少，即每20位祖父母中就有一位可能在过去5年里与至少一个孙辈没有任何联系。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，仅仅是地理位置把他们分开了。A. misunderstanding误解；B. geography地理；C. budget预算；D. time时间。根据后文的例子“I recently met a woman who proudly showed me a picture of her family in Australia. Unfortunately she told me, she hadn’t ever visited them, and hadn’t even seen her five-year-old granddaughter.(我最近遇到一位女士，她自豪地给我看了一张她在澳大利亚的家庭照片。不幸的是，她告诉我，她从来没有拜访过他们，甚至没有见过她五岁的孙女)”推测导致分开的原理是地理因素。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个故事的积极方面是，无论这种情况对双方来说多么悲惨，似乎都没有痛苦或仇恨。A. peaceful和平的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. difficult困难的；D. positive积极的。根据后文“however sad this situation was for both parties, there appeared to be no bitterness or hatred”可知，没有导致痛苦或仇恨，是积极的方面。故选D。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但许多祖父母的感受却截然不同。A. realistically现实地；B. plainly明白地；C. differently不同地；D. permanently永久地。根据后文“They’re being forced apart from their grandchildren by less acceptable factors of modern society. Perhaps pressure of time maintains the distance.(由于现代社会中一些不被接受的因素，他们被迫与孙辈分开。也许是时间的压力保持着距离)”以及上文but表示转折，说明虽然没有导致痛苦或仇恨，但是许多祖父母的感受却截然不同，因为是被迫和孙辈分开的。故选C。 13．考查固定短语辨析。句意：毕竟，如今，即使亲密的大家庭住在很容易拜访的距离内，他们可能仍然不会经常见面。A. After all毕竟；B. To sum up总结；C. In addition此外；D. First of all首先。根据后文“nowadays, even if close extended families live within easy visiting distance, they may still not see much of each other”以及上文提到祖父母被迫和孙辈分开，有时候不是因为距离，而是因为没时间可知，毕竟，如今，即使亲密的大家庭住在很容易拜访的距离内，他们可能仍然不会经常见面。故选A。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，孩子们自己也可能在周末安排了大量的活动，以至于他们的时间也被拉长到了极限。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Equally同样地；C. Strangely奇怪地；D. Obviously显然。根据上文“Parents often spend so much of their precious weekends cleaning, shopping and decorating that they hardly have time to get to know their children.(父母常常把宝贵的周末时间花在打扫、购物和装饰上，以至于他们几乎没有时间去了解自己的孩子)”以及后文“the children themselves may have such a heavy weekend of programmed activity that their time is also stretched to its limits.(孩子们自己也可能有一个如此繁重的周末活动，以至于他们的时间也被拉长到了极限)”可知，父母没时间，孩子同样也没时间。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看望或看望祖父母感觉像是一种奢侈，没有人能负担得起。A. interaction互动；B. change改变；C. enjoyment乐趣；D. luxury奢侈。根据后文“no one can afford”可知，没人负担得起说明成了奢侈。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市闵行六校·期末） A How-to Guide for Working Introverts (内向的人) Whether it is to bring bad news to your boss, or to face an interview panel, corporate life throws up distressing moments. But few things are worse than 1 if you are an introvert. You arrive at an event to find everyone knowing each other already. But then you look more closely and spot the 2 . They are the people who pretend to be reading the conference agenda, or checking mail box with greater 3 than ever happens at the office. Fortunately, there is advice on how to break the ice. First, make 4 in queues, because it is easier to talk to the person in front of you and behind you. Alternatively, don’t be afraid to laugh, because nothing 5 the tension from room like laughter. Additionally, take notes on conversations to appear truly 6 . However, it’s not that easy to apply these tricks to real-life situations. But don’t worry, here’s another good news: building bonds on LinkedIn, an employment-focused site, is a lot less 7 . There is no eye contact, 8 , and the rules are well-accepted. A paper found that, because they bring you novel information, more infrequent relationships are more useful than 9 contacts. The experiment showed that weaker ties were more likely to make for job applications and job moves than stronger ties. This sounds like a(n) 10 for introverts, but let’s face it: even weak ties need tending. Even online, extroversion invariably 11 higher social acceptability. There isn’t a genuinely painless 12 for introverts ’ expanding the social circle. Still, there is one thing that you can do: to save your energy for the people who most likely interests you. According to Dr. Rajkumar, it’s not always the thing that the weaker the tie, the better. The sweet spot in expanding connection is someone with 13 weak ties to you. In other words, it 14 if you can identify people who can bring you new information but are close enough to your world that this information is useful. In the offline world, a tool like ChatGPT should make it easier to find useful prospects in a list of event attendees. You also need to overcome all your instincts as introverts and 15 them. 1．A．lying B．performing C．networking D．negotiating 2．A．fellow sufferers B．companion seekers C．mindless wanderers D．natural speakers 3．A．disgust B．freedom C．intensity D．emotion 4．A．jokes B．contact C．comments D．judgment 5．A．heightens B．drains C．sustains D．builds 6．A．confused B．embarrassed C．fulfilled D．engaged 7．A．desirable B．stressful C．helpful D．hopeful 8．A．after all B．in turn C．however D．in response 9．A．weak B．complicated C．unusual D．close 10．A．relief B．stress C．escape D．experience 11．A．predicts B．chops C．boasts D．underlines 12．A．recovery B．recipe C．status D．decision 13．A．objectively B．moderately C．prospectively D．initially 14．A．follows suit B．holds true C．pays off D．takes pain 15．A．approach B．guide C．expand D．interest 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．A 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些关于内向者如何在社交和职业场合中拓展人脉的建议。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但如果你是一个内向的人，没有什么比社交更糟糕的了。A. lying撒谎；B. performing表演；C. networking社交，建立人脉；D. negotiating协商。根据下文“You arrive at an event to find everyone knowing each other already.”可知，内向的人不擅长社交。故选C。 2．考查名词短语辨析。句意：但当你仔细观察时，你会发现同样（难受的）人。A. fellow sufferers同样难受的人；B. companion seekers寻求同伴的人；C. mindless wanderers漫无目的游荡的人；D. natural speakers天生的演说家。根据下文“They are the people who pretend to be reading the conference agenda, or checking mail box”可知，发现和自己一样在社交场合感到难受的人。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们是那些假装在阅读会议议程，或者以比在办公室时更大的强度检查邮箱的人。A. disgust厌恶；B. freedom自由；C. intensity强度；D. emotion情感。根据“pretend to be reading the conference agenda, or checking mail box”可知，有些人在社交场合为了避免尴尬而假装做某事，且比平时在办公室做这些事的强度更大。故选C。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，在排队时与人接触，因为和前面和后面的人说话更容易。A. jokes玩笑；B. contact联系，接触；C. comments评论；D. judgment判断。根据“because it is easier to talk to the person in front of you and behind you”可知，建议在排队时与人接触交谈。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者，不要害怕大笑，因为没有什么能像笑声一样缓解房间里的紧张气氛。A. heightens提高，加强；B. drains排走，消除；C. sustains维持；D. builds建立。根据“the tension from room like laughter”可知，笑声能缓解紧张气氛。故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，记下对话，让自己看起来真的很投入。A. confused困惑的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. fulfilled满足的；D. engaged投入的。根据“take notes on conversations”可知，记下对话会让自己看起来更投入。故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但别担心，还有个好消息：在职业导向的网站LinkedIn上建立人脉的压力要小得多。A. desirable令人向往的；B. stressful有压力的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. hopeful有希望的。根据上文“corporate life throws up distressing moments. But few things are worse than 　　1　　 if you are an introvert.”可知，现实生活中社交是有压力的，而在网上建立人脉的压力$ 专题06 完形填空题 话题1 科技与社会现象 话题4 自然生态 话题2 教育成长与校园生活 话题5 社会服务与人际沟通 话题3 做人与做事 话题6 人物故事与励志成长 话题 1 科技与社会现象 Passage 1 （23-24学年高二上·上海市徐汇区·期末） Cable companies expand public Wi-Fi for customer loyalty Eager to keep their users connected outside the home, cable companies are rapidly expanding their public Wi-Fi networks. An effort that began less than two years ago, the “Cable WiFi” initiative was formed with the 1 that cable Internet subscribers will want to remain plugged into their favorite websites and online videos — without 2 the monthly data limits of wireless carrier contracts. Five cable companies have installed about 250,000 public hotspots — up from 150,000 when it started in 2012 — at 3 places like malls, public parks, cafes and small businesses. Comcast, the nation’s largest residential broadband Internet provider, is 4 its own public Xfinity-branded Wi-Fi hotspots by installing a second line in their subscribers’ home routers (路由器) if they can get the homeowners’ permission so that their subscribers visiting these Wi-Fi-enabled neighborhoods can surf the Net for free. The initiative is a direct 5 to the growing influence of video. Watching YouTube or online videos requires heavy 6 that can exhaust wireless data quickly. And more cable companies are offering “TV anywhere” options for members to stream shows outside the home. While the effort requires heavy investment, cable companies are banking on their subscribers to increase their reliance on Wi-Fi outdoors and lower the rate of customer 7 of the Internet service, says Kelly Davis-Felner, vice president of marketing for the Wi-Fi Alliance, a group that certifies and 8 public Wi-Fi usage. “There is an immediate impact in 9 Wi-Fi outside the home,” she says. “It’s an opportunity to offer a higher level of service.” For now, the cable companies’ hotspots are a bit of a(n) 10 service as many users still rely on their wireless networks outdoors. “But there is a loyal group of users that appreciates metro Wi-Fi,” says Pat Esser, president of Cox. 1．A．exchange B．anticipation C．application D．demand 2．A．letting out B．resulting in C．eating up D．resting on 3．A．high-end B．brand-new C．upper-class D．high-traffic 4．A．expanding B．loosening C．deleting D．stimulating 5．A．devotion B．response C．opposition D．priority 6．A．efficiency B．challenge C．track D．capacity 7．A．preference B．satisfaction C．destruction D．cancellation 8．A．promotes B．complains C．exposes D．attaches 9．A．displaying B．packing C．absorbing D．extending 10．A．consistent B．unknown C．worthwhile D．imaginary Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市青浦高级中学·期末） The Lego Example of Cultivating Loyalty Lego has been around for 91 years, and for much of that time, it’s been one of the world’s most popular toys. It’s currently the largest toy maker by revenue, and it has built arguably the world’s most loyal fanbase. Those fans aren’t just children, by the way. There are millions of passionate 1 who still love building with Lego bricks. Of all the brands you might come in contact with, Lego has maybe the most loyal fans of all. For years, Lego has done a lot of things to cultivate that loyalty. One of those things is the company’s loyalty program, previously known as Lego VIP. Last September, Lego announced 2 to the program, including giving it a new name:Lego Insiders. To call it a loyalty program isn’t entirely 3 —it’s a lot more than that. Lego Insiders is more of an 4 digital profile to access all of the company’s digital platforms. If, for example, you sign up for one (like Insiders), you also get access to Lego Ideas and Lego Life, without signing up 5 . It’s like the digital representation of your relationship with Lego. As a rewards program, there isn’t a lot new about Lego Insiders. You still earn points when you make purchases that you can use for various rewards, like discounts on purchases, digital downloads or other gifts. There is one thing, 6 that Lego’s most loyal fans can appreciate. You can now register previously purchased sets. Every set made since 2019 has included a QR code, and you can now register them, and they count towards your rewards points. This isn’t a huge change either, except it does something really smart: Letting customers register older purchases 7 that even if they didn’t have an account at the time they made a purchase, Lego still values their business and wants to reward them. For Lego, there is no 8 in letting people earn rewards. Lego’s ability to provide benefits 9 in direct relationship to the ability of a customer to earn those benefits. There is no limit to the number of $5 discounts Lego can give out if they are based on the amount of money you spent in the first place. It’s just a cost of doing business. When you think about it, this costs Lego almost 10 , but the benefit is huge. Not only is this something every fan can appreciate, but there are also three reasons why I think this is an interesting lesson for every brand. First, Simple is almost always better. One of the best things about the change is that it makes things simpler for customers. You no longer need multiple accounts—your Lego Insider account gets you access to everything. The easier you make it for someone to be your customer, the more likely they’ll 11 around. Second, a rewards program should feel 12 . Companies spend a lot of time trying to figure out the right balance of benefits and rewards to give customers 13 their loyalty. The thing is, there’s usually a lot of math involved, but cultivating loyalty isn’t just about math. Letting people register sets they already bought is such a simple way to say, “We appreciate your loyalty.” Third, your most important job is to know your best customers. The challenge of every loyalty program is designing it in a way to reward customers for a specific type of behavior by giving them the benefits they want. As a business, you want your customers to behave a certain way-usually, you want them to buy more of your products. Figuring out what benefits will 14 that behavior is your most important job. That means understanding what really matters to your customers and giving them that. That 15 just what kind of rewards you hand out to your customers—it also involves the products you make in the first place. 1．A．kids B．adults C．students D．parents 2．A．limits B．challenges C．changes D．devotion 3．A．accurate B．beneficial C．hazardous D．risky 4．A．all-inclusive B．all-powerful C．all-purpose D．all-knowing 5．A．continuously B．constantly C．immediately D．separately 6．A．moreover B．still C．however D．otherwise 7．A．communicates B．fancies C．guesses D．suspects 8．A．obstacle B．harm C．disadvantage D．scarcity 9．A．declines B．scales C．jumps D．echoes 10．A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something 11．A．stick B．consist C．look D．wander 12．A．demanding B．calculating C．satisfying D．rewarding 13．A．in memory of B．in search of C．in exchange for D．in honor of 14．A．abandon B．motivate C．sharpen D．conserve 15．A．centers around B．persist in C．sticks to D．go beyond Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海市长宁区·期末） Millions of people have installed (安装) mental health apps for everything from breathing exercises to guided meditation (深思). But an analysis now suggests that almost everyone 1 on such apps in just two weeks. Amit Baumel at the University of Haifa in Israel and his teammates analysed the use of 93 popular mental health apps. The 2 showed that, after 15 days, more than 94 per cent of users had stopped opening their apps. The team only studied apps that are available in English and that have been 3 at least 10,000 times through the Google Play store. App use differed depending on the kind of 4 provided. On any given day, just over 4 per cent of people who have installed meditation apps will 5 them. But this figure is 17 per cent among those who have installed peer (同伴) -assistance apps, which 6 you to talk to someone who may be experiencing similar issues. The team hasn’t revealed which apps were included in the analysis. 7 , the findings raise questions over how useful mental health apps are. Baumel says we don’t yet know how often someone needs to use such apps for them to be 8 . John Torous at Harvard Medical School says the study 9 what the clinical community has known for a long time: a lot of people abandon these apps. A spokesperson for the meditation app Headspace says the firm is improving 10 by allowing users to set daily reminders and by encouraging “clock-in” of app use. Derek Richards, chief scientist for mental health app SilverCloud, says a low-frequency use does not 11 mean mental health apps don’t work. Instead, it could be an indication of how 12 people are about these apps, and how easy it is to download them. 1．A．ends up B．comes up C．gives up D．sets up 2．A．data B．output C．ending D．file 3．A．translated B．downloaded C．packed D．attacked 4．A．support B．theme C．context D．figure 5．A．track B．identify C．abandon D．launch 6．A．beg B．enable C．forbid D．order 7．A．However B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Eventually 8．A．profitable B．educational C．predictable D．effective 9．A．doubts B．inquires C．confirms D．revises 10．A．engagement B．response C．frequency D．accuracy 11．A．only B．instantly C．rarely D．necessarily 12．A．familiar B．hesitant C．curious D．serious Passage 4 （22-23学年高二上·上海市浦东区南汇中学·期末） The serious business of being a social influencer This week China promised a tax-evasion punishment on social-media influencers, who are paid by brands to promote products online to their followers. The size of that levy (征收税) shows the 1 scale of the industry, which accounts for 12% of online sales in China. Outside China, influencers are also likely to have a(n) 2 role in e-commerce. For all firms with brands, it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby. The use of personal endorsements used to be about 3 existing celebrity power. For example, Michael Jordan’s deal in 1984 with Nike revolutionized both basketball and branding. Influencers turn the logic on its head: selling things helps make them more famous. Through clipped videos and filtered photos they offer recommendations to consumers, together with glimpses into their daily lives to increase the 4 . Total spending on influencers by brands could reach $16bn this year. The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions. 5 , only under 100,000 of them get most profit. Their staying power suggests that they add value in several ways. Influencers’ networks reach new audiences, 6 younger shoppers. And influencers are 7 proficient in a way that old-style brand ambassadors never were. They can quickly 8 and utilize newer platforms like TikTok. Yet one-third of brands do not use influencers. They worry about their reputation. Despite the risk, ignoring influencers is a mistake. Their 9 of digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%, but it is rising fast. The 10 between entertainment and e-commerce is becoming unclear. The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s—ads targeted through Google and Facebook—is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to 11 potential customers. To make full use of influencers, brands should set a clear strategy. They should expect more regulation on consumer protection. The guiding 12 should be to use only influencers who disclose to their audiences that their posts are paid. Brands should also 13 new analytical tools that help them measure the performance of influencers. These tools should help to 14 the cheat from the stars. It used to be said that only half of all advertising spending worked, but it was impossible to know which half. Now brands can control only half of what influencers say, but they may be able to calculate 100% of the 15 they add. 1．A．abnormal B．narrow C．large D．intangible 2．A．enduring B．insignificant C．typical D．useless 3．A．giving rise to B．taking advantage of C．putting aside D．looking forward to 4．A．assessment B．credibility C．contrast D．influence 5．A．however B．likewise C．moreover D．consequently 6．A．as well as B．additionally C．eventually D．particularly 7．A．economically B．socially C．technologically D．fundamentally 8．A．come across B．adapt to C．take up D．bring about 9．A．share B．profit C．occurrence D．impact 10．A．cooperation B．conflict C．borderline D．transformation 11．A．recommend to B．set about C．turn away D．spy on 12．A．reform B．discipline C．principle D．concept 13．A．embrace B．evaluate C．advertise D．question 14．A．ban B．defend C．shelter D．distinguish 15．A．value B．potential C．damage D．risks 话题 2 教育成长与校园生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海师范大学附属中学宝山分校、闵行分校·期末） Can you read as well as a ten-year-old? Does it often feel as if the world is getting stupider? Data 1 on December 10th by the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, suggest this may not be all in your head. Roughly every ten years the organization asks adults in dozens of places to sit tests in numeracy and   2 . The questions it poses are not abstract brainteasers, spelling tests or mental arithmetic. They aim to mimic problems people aged 16-65 face in daily life, whether they are working in a factory or an office, or simply trying to make 3 of the news. The latest tests were carried out in 31 rich countries, and their findings are alarming. They suggest that a fifth of adults do no better in maths and reading than might be expected of a  primary-school child. The direction of travel is even less 4 . In maths, average scores have 5 in a few places over the past ten years, but fallen in almost as many. In literacy, a lot more countries have seen scores 6 than advance, despite the fact that adults hold more and higher educational 7 than ever before. Demographic change offers some explanation. New 8 often struggle with a new language. The native-born have ageing brains. But even after adjusting for this, trends remain discouraging, especially in literacy. Some speculate that Netflix, video games and social media are 9 intelligence. It is just as likely that education and training systems have misfired. Yet a century of technological changes has not cut 10 for people who are good with numbers, or who have a way with words. Adults who do badly in the OECD’s tests earn vastly less than those who are 11 in them. They are also in poorer health, less satisfied with their life, less trusting of others and more likely to feel that they have no voice in politics. To improve education, governments should focus on enhancing lessons for children to create more capable adults, as seen in England where younger adults’ improved scores have 12 the country’s OECD ranking. Additionally, governments need to strengthen adult education systems, which provide second chances for dropouts, support career changers, and help migrants 13 . In spite of their importance, these systems often receive 14 funding, partly due to underestimating their complexity. 15 , those with the weakest skills, who need education the most, are often the least likely to attend adult classes or get training due to time and financial constraints. 1．A．discussed B．released C．deleted D．criticized 2．A．literacy B．literature C．arts D．science 3．A．sense B．advance C．dreams D．knowledge 4．A．encouraging B．horrifying C．troubling D．disturbing 5．A．climbed B．decreased C．changed D．intensified 6．A．disappear B．shift C．decline D．extend 7．A．qualities B．quantities C．qualifications D．questions 8．A．students B．immigrants C．generations D．politicians 9．A．exhausting B．exploding C．expanding D．experiencing 10．A．degree B．extent C．cost D．demand 11．A．expert B．interested C．engaged D．confident 12．A．decreased B．lifted C．aroused D．upset 13．A．integrate B．leave C．advance D．rebel 14．A．abundant B．limited C．average D．rejected 15．A．Unfortunately B．Personally C．Thankfully D．Hopefully Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学·期末） The announcement of school closures is typically met with a high degree of emotion and concern. In Philadelphia, the proposal has also been met with plenty of 1 , from the formation of flash mobs (快闪族) to marches throughout the city. 2 , district officials assert that closing schools in one of the largest school districts in the country is the only way to balance a school budget in hard times. According to a report in the Philadelphia Public Schools Notebook, district superintendent William Hite has recommended the closure of 37 city schools. Hite has claimed that the closures are a necessary step toward 3 the school district a significant amount of money. The district estimates the closures would result in savings of around $28 million annually. It would also be a 4 move toward a more competitive school system since more resources could be poured into the remaining schools. However, opponents to the closure plan say the savings to the district would be 5 since district officials were not currently factoring in the cost of 6 and transition expenses. Protesters also note that the closures could 7 additional charter school (特许学校) growth, which had already taken a significant bite out of the school district’s budget. Students and parents of the schools cited for closure also voice concern that taking away neighborhood schools would take away the safe havens (避难所) that many students have come to think of as 8 away from home. Activists opposed to the school closures have organized into 9 groups with an impressive presence in the City of Brotherly Love. The Philadelphia Student Union, a student organization created in 1995 to empower students throughout the city, has taken on the school closure cause, 10 visible protests in the city. Another group, the Philadelphia Coalition Advocating for Public Schools, has also 11 the cause. This organization includes the city’s 12 union, which is also opposed to the proposed school closures. The organizations have joined other groups of students, parents, and educators to make their voices known throughout the school districts. Through a variety of protests as well as attendance at public meetings, protesters have become a visible presence on the 13 of school closures in Philadelphia. Their size and emotion have not gone 14 by district officials, who have been 15 to listen to the opposition as they cope with the possibility of closing Philadelphia Public Schools. 1．A．participants B．onlookers C．protests D．respondents 2．A．Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides 3．A．earning B．collecting C．depositing D．saving 4．A．controversial B．risky C．positive D．dumb 5．A．encouraging B．minimal C．optimal D．undeniable 6．A．college B．living C．transportation D．business 7．A．assess B．control C．fuel D．sustain 8．A．homes B．schools C．districts D．accommodations 9．A．invisible B．mistakable C．identifiable D．favorable 10．A．staging B．ignoring C．hiding D．prohibiting 11．A．found fault with B．taken advantage of C．signed up for D．thrown light on 12．A．closures B．schools C．teachers D．students 13．A．basis B．issue C．fulfillment D．number 14．A．identified B．unnoticed C．selected D．demonstrated 15．A．smart B．reluctant C．hesitant D．willing Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·上海市育才中学·期末） She wants to be a singer; you think she should go for a long-term career with job security and eventually retire with a good pension. But a new report suggests that in fact she’s the practical one. Why do parents make terrible careers 1 ? Today’s 14 and 15-year-olds are 2 . They are optimistic about their prospects, but their career ideas are rather 3 . Although 80% of them have no intention of following in their parents’ footsteps, 69% still 4 their parents for advice. They look at their working future in a different way to their parents. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is 5 but pays the bills. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. Certainly when I was 15, my guidance counselors were horrified at my plans to become a writer. I’m glad I didn’t change my plans to suit them. But the world has changed. The global economy is not 6 to yesterday’s diligent and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the initiative. This means it is not 7 being unrealistic that a 14-year-old sees her working future as a kind of 8 to be made up as she goes along. 9 , she has to have the training and guidance to help her develop the right skills for today’s market. Many young people 10 that redundancy (冗余), downsizing (裁员) and freelancing (自由职业) are all part of modern working life, but no one is telling them how they might be able to turn the new rules of the 11 game to their advantage. This is what they need to know if they are to make a life for themselves. So what is to be done? A good first step would be to 12 the way in which schools prepare young people or adult life. The education system is becoming less flexible and sticks more to traditional skills at just the time that the job market is going in the 13 direction. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to 14 all the advice that your parents gave you, and step into your teenager’s shoes. Give them the courage to follow their dreams ---- however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, ambition is a terrible thing to 15 . 1．A．advisers B．planners C．reformers D．pursuers 2．A．curious B．ambitious C．depressed D．unrealistic 3．A．inspiring B．clear C．changeable D．vague 4．A．turn to B．turn up C．turn out D．turn into 5．A．well-paid B．temporary C．boring D．rewarding 6．A．common B．opposed C．kind D．devoted 7．A．normally B．necessarily C．nearly D．generally 8．A．adventure B．terminal C．destiny D．reality 9．A．Finally B．Instead C．Therefore D．However 10．A．claim B．declare C．conclude D．perceive 11．A．competition B．employment C．knowledge D．modernization 12．A．translate B．transport C．transform D．transfer 13．A．opposite B．former C．regular D．inevitable 14．A．take B．forget C．recall D．spoil 15．A．inherit B．keep C．simplify D．waste 话题 3 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市黄浦区上海市大同中学·期末） During a research experiment a biologist placed a shark into a large holding tank and then released several small fish into the tank. The result met your 41 , the shark quickly swam around the tank, attacked and ate the smaller fish. The biologist then inserted a strong piece of clear glass into the tank, creating two 42 parts. She then put the shark on one side of the glass and a new set of small fish on the other. 43 , the shark quickly attacked. This time, however, the shark hit hard against the glass divider and bounced off. Determined, the shark kept 44 this behavior every few minutes, but to no avail.Meanwhile, the small fish swam around   45 in the second part. Eventually, about an hour into the experiment，the shark gave up. This experiment was carried out several dozen times over the next few weeks. Each time, the shark got less 46 and made fewer attempts to attack the small fish, until it 47   hitting the glass divider and simply stopped attacking altogether. The biologist then, 48 the glass divider, but the shark didn’t attack. The shark was trained to believe a (n) 49 existed between it and the small fish, so the small fish could swim wherever they wished, free from harm. The moral: Many of us, after experiencing setbacks and failures, emotionally give up and stop trying. Like the shark in the story, we believe that because we were unsuccessful in the past, we will always be unsuccessful. 50 , we continue to see a barrier in our heads, even when no ‘real’ barrier exists between where we are and where we want to go. 1．A．demands B．conditions C．requirements D．expectations 2．A．broken B．opposite C．separate D．connected 3．A．Yet B．Again C．Instead D．Meanwhile 4．A．copying B．changing C．controlling D．repeating 5．A．unharmed B．unnoticed C．unchallenged D．unaccustomed 6．A．alert B．aggressive C．blind D．concerned 7．A．got used to B．got down to C．got tired of D．got involved in 8．A．rearranged B．removed C．replaced D．restored 9．A．approach B．obstacle C．shelter D．threat 10．A．Above all B．As a result C．In other words D．In conclusion Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市建平中学·期末） Why You Might Need an Adventure In 2017, a scholar at the Murdoch University in Australia proposed a hypothesis about why materially comfortable humans would nonetheless be drawn to difficult, even dangerous tasks. The universe is life-giving and deadly, and therefore, from the outset (从一开始), humans needed to embrace 1 to flourish. This characteristic, encoded in the genome ever since, may 2 itself as a tendency to adopt risky heroic behaviors. Evidence from modern researchers does suggest that framing one's life as this type of difficult quest (探索), can lead to positive transformation. In one 2023 experiment, scholars asked participants to reframe their life as one that followed the steps in the 3 journey. The researchers found it raised their subjects’ 4 ; it also made a difficult task more meaningful and improved their resistance to trouble. Beyond simply rewriting your life story, starting a voluntary challenge or adventure can bring immediate and big 5 benefits. Consider a 2013study finding that experienced climbers tend to feel happier when they climb mountains. A challenging adventure doesn't have to be physical in nature; it can equally be 6 . Learning new things with curiosity and exploration will arouse positive moods. This raises an interesting paradox that appears in this field of happiness research: People 7 a lot more happiness from high-skill activities that require learning than they do from low-skill ones that don't, yet we typically 8 the latter. In other words, you will probably be much happier reading about 9 or science than you will if you just scroll social media — so why are you still scrolling? The obvious answer is that it is less mentally 10 — and although the happiness benefits of reading Socrates (苏格拉底) will probably be greater, they are deferred (延期的) and abstract compared with the instant satisfaction of sitting on the couch watching videos on your phone. Therefore, those whose life feels dull and gray should go find a challenge that is worthwhile and hard. 11 , if you are little too comfortable marking time in work that doesn't inspire you, perhaps you should quit and start a job search. If the information in your head has become 12 to you, maybe it is time to go back to school in a new field. For a physical challenge, 13 a half-marathon in six months' time or set out to walk a few hundred miles. There is no 14 that whatever adventure you choose will turn out the way you expect, of course. And that is the point. If it were safe, it wouldn't be heroic; if it were 15 , it wouldn't be an adventure. The object is not to win in a conventional way; it is to wake up and be fully alive. 1．A．adaptation B．cooperation C．evolution D．risk 2．A．reveal B．conceal C．imagine D．replace 3．A．criminal’s B．hero’s C．ancestor’s D．champion’s 4．A．pessimism about life B．sense of purpose C．desire for materialism D．withdrawal from society 5．A．happiness B．charity C．career D．finance 6．A．academic B．mental C．professional D．subjective 7．A．sacrifice B．overlook C．obtain D．shelter 8．A．opt against B．amount to C．turn down D．settle for 9．A．comics B．philosophy C．gossip D．guidance 10．A．sensational B．valuable C．demanding D．advantageous 11．A．For instance B．In addition C．By contrast D．In consequence 12．A．dull B．nasty C．bare D．priceless 13．A．give in to B．put up with C．keep away from D．sign up for 14．A．perspective B．guarantee C．need D．doubt 15．A．durable B．inevitable C．remarkable D．predictable Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海市嘉定区封浜高级中学·期末） Our drive to look for happiness is a muscle that we can exercise and develop. Almost anyone can learn to develop their reward sensitivity (奖励敏感性) by 1 themselves to notice and experience their positive emotions. To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of 2 . It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite drink or reading a few pages of a novel. This will make you less likely to 3 positive experiences. After you’ve 4 that daily moment, close your eyes and think about where and when you experienced the greatest joy. The idea isn’t just to remember how you felt, but to enhance and re-experience it, thus 5 your memory of them, and increasing your desire to seek them out going forward. Here are some other suggestions you can adopt to develop a 6 mind-set. Expand your joy 7 : Research suggests that finding more words to describe positive emotions can prove and increase them. When reflecting on how something made you feel, try to be 8 , using words like calm, overjoyed, delighted, inspired beyond fine, good or great. Share your highlight reel (高光时刻): 9 what made you happiest can make you feel better. Spread that happiness to another person — and also strengthen a bond. Find bright sides: With practice, it’s possible to 10 the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative. For example, if you invited co-workers to get together and only one person 11 , you could easily view that as a(n) 12 . But the bright side would be that you got to know that one person better. Keep in mind, too, that it’s normal to feel 13 with pleasurable feelings sometimes, particularly if you experience depression and anxiety. Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats — but by constantly 14 disaster, we miss the happiness in front of us right now. Sometimes we need to 15 like happy people if we actually want to be happy. 1．A．attracting B．surrounding C．disturbing D．training 2．A．achievement B．evidence C．blame D．impact 3．A．fancy B．delay C．echo D．recycle 4．A．enjoyed B．owed C．leaned D．begged 5．A．attaching B．exploding C．integrating D．strengthening 6．A．positive B．unsteady C．crucial D．unfair 7．A．energy B．entrance C．position D．vocabulary 8．A．identical B．creative C．precise D．advanced 9．A．Broadcasting B．Puzzling C．Immersing D．Greeting 10．A．cover B．divide C．disapprove D．notice 11．A．called to B．showed up C．stuck out D．lit up 12．A．failure B．opportunity C．reward D．surprise 13．A．passionate B．reliable C．easy D．uncomfortable 14．A．taking over B．burning out C．consisting in D．preparing for 15．A．master B．assign C．behave D．devote 话题 4自然生态 Passage 1 （22-23学年高二上·上海市奉贤区致远高级中学·期末） China becomes a world leader in clean technology by fighting environmental pollution, sharing experience. Erik Solheim, former executive director of the United Nations Environmental Programme, said he is 1 with China’s phenomenal achievements over the past decade in fighting environmental pollution and climate change, and in its march toward 2 development. This is very 3 to his Twitter followers. Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, 4 a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade; one about China producing 60 percent of global solar energy last year and 80 percent of solar panels; and another highlighting the fact that 80 percent of the world’s new offshore wind capacity was installed in China last year. He believes that it’s time for the rest of the world to 5 . For Solheim, who is also the former Norwegian Minister of the Environment and Minister of International Development, China’s achievements on the climate and environmental fronts all started with its fight against 6 . “People wanted to see beautiful skies over their cities,” he told China Daily. “The 7 fast reduction in air pollution in Chinese cities over the last decade shows how fast China can act. This has now spilled over into renewable energy, nature protection, electric mobility, tree planting and a lot more. Today, China is the world leader in all 8 technologies.” The latest 9 from China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment prove Solheim’s observations that the country is rapidly switching to a more sustainable path. Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu told a news conference on Sept 15 that the country’s toughest measures and greatest progress on the ecological and environmental front have occurred in the last decade. He said that 10 painstaking efforts to combat pollution, clear waters and blue skies have become more commonplace. While poor air quality used to be a source of frequent public complaints, the average 11 of hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter between 2015 and last year. About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015, making China the country with the biggest 12 in air quality in the world. In the last decade, the 13 of water at or above Grade III in the country’s five-tier water quality system rose 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent, close to the levels in developed countries. Carbon intensity, or carbon emissions per unit of GDP, has declined by 34.4 percent, with coal 14 for 56 percent of total energy consumption, compared to 68.5 percent a decade ago. China has has legislated or revised roughly 30 laws and regulations, some of which focused on water resource protection, including the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, which was modified in 2017, and the Yangtze River Protection Law, which 15 last year. 1．A．confused B．impressed C．obsessed D．connected 2．A．available B．accessible C．sustainable D．substantial 3．A．evident B．attractive C．invisible D．unique 4．A．donating B．contributing C．manufacturing D．distributing 5．A．fall behind B．put forward C．look up D．catch up 6．A．pollution B．environment C．ecology D．emission 7．A．probably B．inevitably C．incredibly D．traditionally 8．A．biological B．advanced C．far-reaching D．green 9．A．study B．figures C．technologies D．innovation 10．A．thanks to B．despite C．regardless of D．other than 11．A．height B．length C．concentration D．weight 12．A．obstacle B．improvement C．contribution D．cultivation 13．A．quality B．flavor C．deposit D．proportion 14．A．accounting B．making C．looking D．applying 15．A．took effect B．took place C．took to D．took in Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市浦东新区·期末） How many times have you complained about airline food being tasteless? New research suggests that, to a large degree, the reason for the “bad food” might just be a change in our ability to perceive taste. The Fraunhofer Institute, a German research organization, conducted a study on why a dish that would be perfectly 1 in a restaurant would seem unattractive while in the air. In a mock aircraft cabin, researchers tried out ingredients at both sea level and in a pressurized condition. The air inside an airplane cabin is 15 percent drier than the air that we would 2 breathe while on the ground. In an environment like this, our powers of smell begin to drift away. 3 actually starts to deteriorate the moment we step on a plane. The situation worsens once the airplane begins to climb. In this situation, our nasal cavities swell (肿胀). The swelling messes with our taste buds, making food taste less 4 . You know how dining in such conditions can be like if you have ever tried to eat while you are suffering from a cold or the flu. Research has also shown that the lower temperature and air pressure inside of an airplane can make it harder to detect aroma. These airborne molecules (空中的分子), by 5 the nose’s sensory cells, play an important role in the process of tasting. 6 , vibrations from the air striking the hull (机身), as well as the roaring of the plane’s engines and the winds outside of it, collectively produce a rather constant “ 7 ”, which is equivalent to city traffic. Researchers have found that loud noises 8 our ability to appreciate sweet flavors. All that being said, “bad food” can’t be blamed solely on the in-cabin conditions. Preparing and serving tasty food for passengers above the clouds is no 9 task. All meals must be cooked on the ground, which demands that the food be robust (味道浓郁的). Such 10 for mass production definitely ties down the chef’s hands. 1．A．intangible B．available C．acceptable D．incredible 2．A．originally B．normally C．respectively D．flexibly 3．A．Scent B．Sight C．Flavor D．Breath 4．A．rewarding B．amusing C．appetizing D．astonishing 5．A．adjusting B．stimulating C．evaluating D．consuming 6．A．However B．Therefore C．Instead D．Moreover 7．A．movement B．noise C．strike D．problem 8．A．spread out B．hold back C．take away D．pull over 9．A．complex B．crucial C．easy D．ethical 10．A．requirement B．argument C．improvement D．treatment Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·上海市吴淞中学·期末） Thanks to their evolutionary ancestry, domestic cats are, actually by their nature, more independent than dogs. Our cats, whose wild ancestors didn’t enjoy living in social groups as dogs do, 1 , during the process of domestication, gradually developed the capability to form social relationships not just with other cats, but also with people. Although independent cats may not 2 upon people to gain security as dogs do, they show affection for their guardians and seem to attach importance to the 3 of their human companions. Their strong attachment to humans is partly 4 by their experiences of being cared by people as a kitten. Cats behave towards humans in the exactly same way that they respond to their feline friends, so the secret of whether your cat feels 5 to you lies in their behaviour. Cats have successfully gained an edge for their outstanding ability to communicate with other cats over long distances and even when no longer 6 present. Our pet cats have 7 this “supersense” and depend heavily on this form of communication. Particularly, cats use scent to identify members of their social group or family, by sharing a group scent profile. Cats have specific scent glands on their flanks, head and around their ears, and often rub their heads against people and objects that are familiar and 8 . The soft sensation you feel against your calves is actually your cat 9 you as a friend and is a huge compliment. One of the most signs that your beloved pet is keen on you, is the way your cat greets you. When cats greet members of their social group, they 10 to show signals to indicate friendship and a desire to move closer. Also, Cats show these signals to humans. Rolling over and 11 their vulnerable under belly to you is another distinct gesture that a cat has ultimate faith in you. Besides, your cat might also be secretly signalling their affection by changing the way they look at you. When cats 12 strange humans or other cats they aren’t familiar with, they usually greet them with an 13 stare. But they are more likely to slowly blink at cats they have a good relationship with. Research indicates slow blinks are 14 a positive emotional state and can be a sign of trust, contentment and affection, 15 to a genuine human smile. 1．A．however B．meanwhile C．besides D．otherwise 2．A．put B．rest C．calculate D．stick 3．A．company B．edge C．resolution D．affection 4．A．weakened B．affected C．worsened D．strengthened 5．A．distanced B．perceived C．bonded D．appealed 6．A．physiologically B．physically C．psychologically D．realistically 7．A．ignored B．abandoned C．overlooked D．possessed 8．A．comforting B．exhausting C．enduring D．charming 9．A．demanding B．approaching C．identifying D．defining 10．A．prepare B．tend C．wish D．contribute 11．A．exposing B．committing C．attaching D．pushing 12．A．knock B．bump C．encounter D．stare 13．A．unknown B．undecided C．unblinking D．uncertain 14．A．associated with B．addicted to C．adjusted to D．assumed to 15．A．critical B．similar C．grateful D．decent 话题 5 社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海行知中学·期末） No one warned me that in my early 40s, I would start talking softly and longingly into prams (婴儿车). But when the right time came, I had, of course, every intention of becoming a conscientious, involved 1 . As a psychotherapist, I am much aware of how life-transforming a good relationship with grandparent can be. It 2 so much more than treats, extra quality time and cheap nannying. Good grandparents help build psychological security by making their grandchildren feel part of a much wider and stable supportive family 3 . They also give them a sense of their place in history and evolution and give their life a meaningful sense of perspective. Even when we reach adulthood, our psychological health can be 4 by the relationship that we may or may not have had with our grandparents. I frequently work with people who have a less than perfect relationship with their own parents. Many times I have been able to help people heal 5 by simply reawakening a cherished memory of a much happier and more unconditionally loving relationship with a grandparent. Alan was, in his own words, “a hopeless case of workaholism”. He still felt driven by trying to please his 6 perfectionist father. But, fortunately, I discovered that he had also 7 a much more unconditional kind of love from his calmer, happier and affectionate grandfather. Putting a photo of his grandad on his desk helped Alan keep his promise to himself to maintain better balance in his life. Nowadays, the chances of children and grandparents having intimate, satisfying relationships are fast 8 . Recent research revealed that in Britain, one out of twenty grandparents is likely to have had no 9 whatsoever with at least one of their grandchildren during the past five years. There are many reasons for this new distancing of generations. Sometimes, it’s mere 10 that keeps them apart. I recently met a woman who proudly showed me a picture of her family in Australia. Unfortunately she told me, she hadn’t ever visited them, and hadn’t even seen her five-year-old granddaughter. The 11 aspect of this story was that, however sad this situation was for both parties, there appeared to be no bitterness or hatred. But many grandparents feel quite 12 . They’re being forced apart from their grandchildren by less acceptable factors of modern society. Perhaps pressure of time maintains the distance. 13 , nowadays, even if close extended families live within easy visiting distance, they may still not see much of each other. Parents often spend so much of their precious weekends cleaning, shopping and decorating that they hardly have time to get to know their children. 14 , the children themselves may have such a heavy weekend of programmed activity that their time is also stretched to its limits. A visit to or from grandparents feels like a(n) 15 that no one can afford. 1．A．babysitter B．grandparent C．psychologist D．supporter 2．A．offers B．deserves C．demands D．assigns 3．A．house B．tradition C．network D．name 4．A．analyzed B．enhanced C．worsened D．affected 5．A．emotionally B．instinctively C．biologically D．conditionally 6．A．considerate B．ambitious C．courageous D．hesitant 7．A．understood B．given C．received D．required 8．A．departing B．climbing C．approaching D．decreasing 9．A．contact B．agreement C．problem D．association 10．A．misunderstanding B．geography C．budget D．time 11．A．peaceful B．confusing C．difficult D．positive 12．A．realistically B．plainly C．differently D．permanently 13．A．After all B．To sum up C．In addition D．First of all 14．A．Luckily B．Equally C．Strangely D．Obviously 15．A．interaction B．change C．enjoyment D．luxury Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市闵行六校·期末） A How-to Guide for Working Introverts (内向的人) Whether it is to bring bad news to your boss, or to face an interview panel, corporate life throws up distressing moments. But few things are worse than 1 if you are an introvert. You arrive at an event to find everyone knowing each other already. But then you look more closely and spot the 2 . They are the people who pretend to be reading the conference agenda, or checking mail box with greater 3 than ever happens at the office. Fortunately, there is advice on how to break the ice. First, make 4 in queues, because it is easier to talk to the person in front of you and behind you. Alternatively, don’t be afraid to laugh, because nothing 5 the tension from room like laughter. Additionally, take notes on conversations to appear truly 6 . However, it’s not that easy to apply these tricks to real-life situations. But don’t worry, here’s another good news: building bonds on LinkedIn, an employment-focused site, is a lot less 7 . There is no eye contact, 8 , and the rules are well-accepted. A paper found that, because they bring you novel information, more infrequent relationships are more useful than 9 contacts. The experiment showed that weaker ties were more likely to make for job applications and job moves than stronger ties. This sounds like a(n) 10 for introverts, but let’s face it: even weak ties need tending. Even online, extroversion invariably 11 higher social acceptability. There isn’t a genuinely painless 12 for introverts ’ expanding the social circle. Still, there is one thing that you can do: to save your energy for the people who most likely interests you. According to Dr. Rajkumar, it’s not always the thing that the weaker the tie, the better. The sweet spot in expanding connection is someone with 13 weak ties to you. In other words, it 14 if you can identify people who can bring you new information but are close enough to your world that this information is useful. In the offline world, a tool like ChatGPT should make it easier to find useful prospects in a list of event attendees. You also need to overcome all your instincts as introverts and 15 them. 1．A．lying B．performing C．networking D．negotiating 2．A．fellow sufferers B．companion seekers C．mindless wanderers D．natural speakers 3．A．disgust B．freedom C．intensity D．emotion 4．A．jokes B．contact C．comments D．judgment 5．A．heightens B．drains C．sustains D．builds 6．A．confused B．embarrassed C．fulfilled D．engaged 7．A．desirable B．stressful C．helpful D．hopeful 8．A．after all B．in turn C．however D．in response 9．A．weak B．complicated C．unusual D．close 10．A．relief B．stress C．escape D．experience 11．A．predicts B．chops C．boasts D．underlines 12．A．recovery B．recipe C．status D．decision 13．A．objectively B．moderately C．prospectively D．initially 14．A．follows suit B．holds true C．pays off D．takes pain 15．A．approach B．guide C．expand D．interest 话题 6 人物故事与励志成长 Passage 1 （22-23学年高二上·上海交通大学附属中学·期末） Will we get into the school of our choice? What will we be doing in ten years’ time? Can we become the person we really want to be? In the face of such questions, how should we 1 the future? Can we take action to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way? As many of us already know, having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. In this 2 , some people are more fortunate than others, as can be illustrated by comparing the lives of two famous authors, born 40 years 3 . Although they shared the same energetic attitude to life, their careers unfolded in 4 ways. The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single-minded in his ambition to write. On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee 5 . He went on to become foreign reporter for the Toronto Star and used his extraordinary experiences in Europe and later Cuba to 6 his writing. In his words, “I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about.” Having set himself this goal, he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War, bullfighting and deep-sea fishing, amongst others. His novel The Old Man and the Sea, centering on an aging fisherman who 7 an epic battle to catch a giant marlin, was 8 the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953. 9 , the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as a doctor. But Doyle’s main ambition was to become a writer of historical novels. Although some of his historical novels were published, their success 10 compared to the stories of his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes, which he is still best known for to this day. Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medical 11 in London. After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name, Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to writing. In fact, he longed for fame as a historical novelist. The public, however, couldn’t 12 Sherlock Holmes. In desperation, Doyle 13 the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing. 14 , fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under immense pressure, was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead. Doyle’s many historical novels, plays, poems and academic papers have remained largely forgotten, but Sherlock Holmes has been 15 readers for well over a century. 1．A．draw B．approach C．receive D．reverse 2．A．respect B．prospect C．perception D．effect 3．A．ahead B．across C．ago D．apart 4．A．contrasting B．mechanical C．miserable D．similar 5．A．correspondent B．secretary C．researcher D．editor 6．A．modify B．affect C．inform D．notify 7．A．runs away from B．enrolls in C．loosens up D．engages in 8．A．comprised B．awarded C．represented D．rewarded 9．A．In addition B．By contrast C．Either way D．In a nutshell 10．A．went beyond itself B．was on the decline C．amounted to nothing D．drew fame and fortune 11．A．practice B．drill C．care D．business 12．A．put up with B．be in favor of C．leave behind D．get enough of 13．A．held back B．killed off C．closed off with D．beat back 14．A．Therefore B．Likewise C．However D．Instead 15．A．addressing B．annoying C．enlightening D．entertaining Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市第十中学·期末） I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, 1 she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me. Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 2 . She wanted to know how I thought we should handle things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew nothing about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her questions. It was 3 : She believed I had ideas, so I began to 4 them. She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how 5 I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself. Mrs. Neidl’s motto that year was, “Try it. We can always paint over it later!” I began to take 6 . I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing — only things to be 7 upon. I learned to dip my brush into the paint and 8 create something. The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was 9 in the program as “Student Art Assistant” because of the time and effort I’d put in. It was that year that I realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design. Being on that stage-design team with Mrs. Neidl changed me completely. Her 10 in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined possible. 1．A．and B．yet C．so D．for 2．A．opinion B．impression C．information D．intention 3．A．cause and effect B．comparison and contrast C．question and answer D．problem and solution 4．A．hold B．follow C．evaluate D．form 5．A．happy B．lively C．reliable D．punctual 6．A．steps B．control C．charge D．risks 7．A．acted B．looked C．improved D．reflected 8．A．easily B．carefully C．confidently D．proudly 9．A．considered B．identified C．introduced D．recognized 10．A．trust B．patience C．curiosity D．interest 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $