考前押题04 语篇语法填空题6大常考话题（期末复习专项训练）高二英语上学期沪外版

专题04 语法填空 话题1 科技与社会现象 话题4 运动与健康 话题2 社会服务与人际沟通 话题5 文化传统 话题3 教育成长与校园生活 话题6 自然生态 话题1 科技与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市建平中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chang’e-6 Takes Off from the Moon’s Far Side The ascender of China’s Chang’e-6 probe (航空探测器) lifted off from the lunar surface on Tuesday morning, carrying samples collected from the moon’s far side, 11 unprecedented achievement in human lunar exploration history. The Chang’e-6 probe, 12 (consist) of an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a returner — like its predecessor Chang’e-5 — was launched on May 3. Its lander-ascender combination touched down at 13 was designated as the landing area in the South Pole in June 2. The spacecraft finished its intelligent and rapid sampling work, and the samples were put in a container inside the ascender of the probe as planned. “The mission 14 (withstand) the test of high temperature on the far side of the moon,” said the China National Space Administration (CNSA). It adopted two methods of moon sampling, including using a drill to collect subsurface samples and grabbing samples on the surface 15 a robotic arm. It automatically gathered diverse samples at different sites. After the sampling was completed, a Chinese flag carried by the lander 16 (unfold) for the first time on the far side of the moon. Unlike takeoff on Earth, the ascender could not rely on a launch tower system, and the lander acted as a temporary “launching pad” instead. Chang’e-6’s takeoff from the far side of the moor can’t copy the Chang’e-5 ascent from the near side of the moon, 17 it could not receive direct ground control and support. It 18 use its special sensors to achieve autonomous positioning and orientation, with the assistance of Queqiao-2 for communication. Compared with Chang’e-5, Chang’e-6, 19 has witnessed improvements in the autonomy and reliability of its navigation, tackles the challenges posed by the uncertainties of the moon’s far side during its takeoff and ascent. The control system of Chang’e-6 has also been enhanced to improve its autonomy, making it possible for lunar takeoff and ascent 20 (complete) with reduced reliance on relay satellite and ground support. 【答案】 11．an 12．consisting 13．what 14．withstood 15．with 16．was unfolded 17．because/as 18．must 19．which 20．to be completed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了嫦娥六号探测器从月球背面起飞的过程及其意义。 11．考查冠词。句意：中国嫦娥六号探测器的上升器于周二早晨从月表起飞，携带着从月球背面采集的样本，这是人类月球探测史上一个空前的成就。此处泛指“一个空前的成就”，且unprecedented以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：嫦娥六号探测器由轨道器、着陆器、上升器和返回器组成，与它的前身嫦娥五号相似，于5月3日发射。本句谓语为was launched，此处为非谓语动词，consist of“由……组成”没有被动形式，所以此处用现在分词consisting，作后置定语，修饰The Chang’e-6 probe。故填consisting。 13．考查宾语从句。句意：其着陆器-上升器组合于6月2日降落在被指定为南极着陆区的地点。本空引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what引导，故填what。 14．考查时态。句意：中国国家航天局表示：“这次任务经受了月球背面高温的考验。”根据后文said可知，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用withstand“经受住”的过去式withstood。故填withstood。 15．考查介词。句意：它采用了两种月球采样方法，包括使用钻探收集地下样本和用机械臂抓取表面样本。此处表示“用”，需用介词with。故填with。 16．考查动词语态。句意：采样完成后，着陆器携带的中国国旗首次在月球背面展开。根据After the sampling was completed可知，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，且主语a Chinese flag与unfold“使展开，打开”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was unfolded。 17．考查原因状语从句。句意：嫦娥六号从月球背面起飞不能复制嫦娥五号从月球近侧起飞的路线，因为它不能直接接收地面控制和支持。此处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”用because/as引导。故填because/as。 18．考查情态动词。句意：它必须使用其特殊传感器实现自主定位和定向，并在鹊桥二号的协助下进行通信。此处表示“必须”，需用情态动词must，故填must。 19．考查定语从句。句意：与嫦娥五号相比，嫦娥六号在导航的自主性和可靠性方面有了改进，解决了起飞和上升过程中月球背面不确定性带来的挑战。“ 9 has witnessed improvements in the autonomy and reliability of its navigation”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chang’ e-6，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 20．考查非谓语动词。句意：嫦娥六号的控制系统也得到了增强，以提高其自主性，使得月球起飞和上升能够在减少对中继卫星和地面支持的依赖的情况下完成。空前的it是形式宾语，本空用不定式，作真正的宾语，且lunar takeoff and ascent与complete之间是被动关系，所以用动词不定式的被动形式to be completed。故填to be completed。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·上海市徐汇区·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A．I. -Generated Picture Won Art Prize Jason Allen’s A．I. -generated work, “Theatre D’opera Spatial,” took first place in the digital category at the Colorado State Fair, making it one of the first A．I. -generated pieces to win such a prize, and setting off a fierce backlash (反对) from artists who accused him of, essentially, cheating. 93 (reach) by phone on Wednesday, Mr. Allen defended his work He said that he had made clear that his work — which   94 (submit) under the name “Jason M. Allen via Midjourney” — was created using A．I., and that he hadn’t deceived (欺骗) 95   about its origins. “I’m not going to apologize 96 it,” he said. “I won, and I didn’t break any rules.” Mr. Allen, 39, began experimenting with A．I.-generated art this year. He runs a studio which makes tabletop games, and he was curious how the new breed of A．I. image generators would compare with the human artists. This summer, he got invited 97 (test) Midjourney, a new AI-powered tool that can turn text into custom images. Mr. Allen became obsessed, creating hundreds of images and marveling at how realistic they were. 98 he typed, Midjourney seemed capable of making it. Eventually, Mr. Allen got the idea to submit one of his Midjourney creations to the Colorado State Fair.” “The fair was coming up,” he said, “and I thought: How wonderful would it be to demonstrate to people how great this art is?” Several weeks later, while walking the fairground in Pueblo, Mr. Allen saw a blue ribbon 99 (hang) next to his piece. He had won the division, along with a $300 prize. “I couldn’t believe it,” he said. “I felt like: this is exactly 100 I set out to accomplish.” After his win, Mr. Allen posted a photo of his prize work to the Internet, 101 it sparked a furious backlash. Mr. Allen, the blue-ribbon winner, said he empathized with artists who were scared that A．I. tools would put them out of work. But he said their anger   102 be directed not at individuals who use DALL-E 2 or Midjourney to make art but at companies that choose to replace human artists with A．I. tools. 【答案】 93．Reached 94．was submitted 95．anyone 96．for 97．to test 98．Whatever 99．hung 100．what 101．and 102．should 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了Jason Allen的人工智能生成的作品《Theatre D’opera Spatial》在科罗拉多州博览会的数字类别中获得一等奖，从而引发了来自艺术家的强烈反对。 93．考查非谓语动词。句意：周三，Allen先生在接受电话采访时表示，他为自己的作品辩护。“(reach) by phone on Wednesday”作伴随状语，reach(联系，与……取得联系)是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语Mr. Allen之间构成被动关系，应用过去分词，表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Reached。 94．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：他说，他已经明确表示，他的作品——以“Jason M. Allen via Midjourney”的名义提交的——是使用人工智能创作的，他没有欺骗任何人关于其来源。submit是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语which(即先行词his work)构成被动关系，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数。故填was submitted。 95．考查代词。句意：他说他明确表示，他的作品——以“Jason M.Allen via Midjourney”的名字提交——是使用AI创作的，他没有欺骗任何人关于它的起源。根据句意可知，这里指代“任何人”，用不定代词anyone作宾语。故填anyone。 96．考查介词。句意：“我不会为此道歉的，”他说，“我赢了，而且我没有违反任何规则。” apologize for...是固定搭配，意为“为……道歉”。故填for。 97．考查非谓语动词。句意：今年夏天，他受邀测试Midjourney，这是一个新的AI驱动工具，可以将文本转换成定制图像。“(test) Midjourney”是“he got invited”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to test。 98．考查让步状语从句。句意：无论他输入什么，Midjourney似乎都能做到。根据句意可知，“ he typed”是让步状语从句，表示“无论什么……”，用whatever引导让步状语从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填Whatever。 99．考查非谓语动词。句意：几周后，在普韦布洛的博览会上，Allen先生看到他的作品旁边挂着一条蓝丝带。(hang) next to his piece作宾语补足语，hang(悬挂；吊)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语a blue ribbon之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填hanging。 100．考查表语从句。句意：“我简直不敢相信，”他说，“我觉得：这正是我想要完成的。”“ I set out to accomplish”是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“想要完成的事情”，用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。 101．考查连词。句意：获奖后，Allen先生将他的获奖作品的照片发布到互联网上，引发了强烈反对。设空处前后为两个完整句子，根据句意可知，是并列关系，用连词and连接两个句子。故填and。 102．考查情态动词。句意：但他表示，他们的愤怒应该针对选择用AI工具取代人类艺术家的公司，而不是使用DALL-E 2或Midjourney创作艺术的个人。根据句意可知，这里表示“应该”，用情态动词should。故填should。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海市闵行六校·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Black Myth: Wukong Review — A Fantastically Exciting Action Game Black Myth: WuKong is a video game obsessed with impressive sights — but inspiring awe requires confidence. Such self-confidence is a rarity in big-budget games, 123 concerns about mainstream acceptability often inspire fear instead. Thanks to its advanced graphics, Black Myth: Wukong looks 124 it belonged to the blockbusters (大片), but this action game is actually the product of a Chinese game developer, Game Science. The game originated from the 16th-century East Asian novel Journey to the West. You play as a stone monkey, SumWukong — or at least a character based on him; Whether it actually is Wukong is left up to interpretation. In the original story, Wukong is said 125 (possess) incredible strength and speed. He can also make copies of 126 , too. Wukong is not 127 open-world game: there’s no mini map dotted with tasks. Every new area comes with the possibility of getting lost, but the line between anxiety and excitement is thin. Wukong captures the charm of exploration better than games that show off the illusion of vastness, only to reduce their impressive world into a collection of map icons. 128 (minimize) the menu time envelops you more thoroughly in the marvelous landscapes. Black Myth: Wukong has been enormously successful. Journey to the West is a tale with a proven track record, but in the late decades no other adaptations of the novel 129 (sell) 10 million copies in the span of just a few days. For some westerners, it seems to have come as a surprise that a game like this could come from a country 130 (know) for mobile games. It is as if the weight of an entire country’s cultural export has been placed on a developer 131 practically nobody would even have been able to name prior to this game’s release, and Game Science is clearly unused to the scrutiny (审视) it has received. But to look at Black Myth: Wukong purely through the lens of market sizes and tastes 132 (be) a harm that hides the most critical fact of all: it’s a fantastic game. 【答案】 123．where 124．as if/as though 125．to possess 126．himself 127．an 128．Minimizing 129．have sold 130．known 131．which/that 132．is 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了游戏《黑神话：悟空》的制作以及特点。 123．考查定语从句。句意：这种自信在大预算游戏中是罕见的，在大预算游戏中对主流接受度的担忧往往会引发恐惧。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是big-budget games，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，空处应为关系副词where。故填where。 124．考查表语从句。句意：凭借其先进的画面，《黑神话：悟空》看起来就像是大片，但实际上这款动作游戏是中国游戏开发商游戏科学的作品。引导表语从句，表示“好像”应用as if/as though。故填as if/as though。 125．考查非谓语动词。句意：在最初的故事中，据说悟空拥有惊人的力量和速度。短语be said to do sth.表示“据说做某事”。故填to possess。 126．考查代词。句意：他也可以复制自己。此处指复制“他自己”应用反身代词himself。故填himself。 127．考查冠词。句意：《黑神话：悟空》并不是一款开放世界游戏：游戏中并没有布满任务的迷你地图。game为泛指，open-world是发音以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an。故填an。 128．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽量减少菜单上的时间，让你更彻底地沉浸在奇妙的风景中。作主语，应用动名词形式，首字母大写。故填Minimizing。 129．考查时态。句意：《西游记》是一个历史悠久的故事，但在最近几十年里，这部小说的其他改编版本都没有在短短几天内卖出1000万册。根据in the late decades可知为现在完成时，主语为no other adaptations of the novel，助动词用have。故填have sold。 130．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于一些西方人来说，这样的游戏来自一个以手机游戏著称的国家似乎是一件令人惊讶的事情。此处know与country构成逻辑被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填known。 131．考查定语从句。句意：这就好像整个国家的文化输出都被放在了一个开发者身上，而在这款游戏发行之前，几乎没有人能说出他的名字，而游戏科学显然不习惯它所受到的审查。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是developer，根据第一段中的“ a Chinese game developer, Game Science”，此处的developer，指的是游戏开发商，即Game Science，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填which或that。 132．考查时态。句意：但单纯从市场规模和口味的角度来看《黑神话：悟空》是一种伤害，它掩盖了最重要的事实：这是一款很棒的游戏。此处陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为to look at Black Myth: Wukong purely through the lens of market sizes and tastes，谓语用单数形式。故填is。 Passage 4 （23-24学年高二上·上海市黄浦区·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Information Society Once upon a time societies were organized around religion, farming, trade or industry. In many parts of the world today this is still true, but something else is becoming more important -the exchange of information and the technology that we use to do this. Twenty-four-hour news, e-commerce, international call centres, mobile phones, positioning systems…all these 133 (make) the world smaller and faster. The growth in telecommunications is now giving more and more people access to the science that will help their country to develop or to the medical knowledge that can fight disease. The world is becoming more and more like a village, 134 people only dreamed of a generation ago. But how can everybody in the world share the recent technological advances? Millions of people cannot read these words 135 they don’t have access to a computer. They don’t understand English either, the language that around half of the information on the Internet is 136 (write) in. They don’t even have a telephone. They are more worried about how far they will have to walk today to get clean water or if they can feed themselves and their families. For most people on this planet, information is not a priority. The contrast between countries that have information technology and 137 that don’t is called the ‘digital divide’. Scandinavia and South East Asia have a high number of people who use information communication technologies (ICT) . Central Africa and the Pacific have relatively very few. The United Nations is trying to make the information society 138 reality for more of the developing world. It wants to see rich countries 139 (transfer) new technology and knowledge to poorer nations. This will improve medical care and education, science and agriculture, business opportunities and employment. At the same time, they say, local communities, languages and cultures will become much 140 (strong). 【答案】133．are making/have been making 134．which 135．because 136．written 137．those/ones 138．a/into 139．transfer 140．stronger 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了信息社会的特点以及对国家的和人民的影响。 133．考查时态。句意：24小时新闻、电子商务、国际呼叫中心、移动电话、定位系统……所有这些都在使世界变得更小、更快。此处可理解为真正发生，用现在进行时；或理解为动作发生在过去，持续到现在，且会继续下去，用现在完成进行时，主语为these，谓语用复数，助动词用have。故填are making/have been making。 134．考查定语从句。句意：世界正变得越来越像一个村庄，这是一代人以前只能梦想的。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词village，在从句作宾语，指物，故填which。 135．考查状语从句。句意：数以百万计的人无法阅读这些文字，因为他们没有电脑。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故填because。 136．考查语态。句意：他们也不懂英语，而互联网上大约一半的信息都是用英语写的。主语information与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文is可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故填written。 137．考查代词。句意：拥有信息技术的国家和没有信息技术的国家之间的对比被称为“数字鸿沟”。此处指代上文复数名词countries，应用代词those或ones。故填those /ones。 138．考查介词。句意：联合国正努力使更多的发展中国家的信息社会成为现实。短语make sth. a/into reality表示“使……成为现实”。故填a/into。 139．考查固定短语。句意：它希望看到富裕国家向贫穷国家转移新技术和知识。短语see sb. do sth.表示“看到某人做某事”，强调看见某人做某事的全过程。故填transfer。 140．考查比较级。句意：与此同时，他们说，当地社区、语言和文化将变得更加强大。根据上文much以及句意“更加强大”可知应用比较级。故填stronger。 Passage 5 （23-24学年高二上·上海市进才中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The internet and its cultural impact are most often viewed through the lens of the “tech bro”. Biographies, and memoirs about these big-tech bosses have shaped readers’ understanding of 151 the online world changes the offline one. But these books rarely mention the principal figures who have shaped the experience of being online: social-media influencers. Influencers—the (usually female) people behind the most popular accounts on Instagram, TikTok and YouTube—have large followings, often in the hundreds of thousands or millions. People like Jackie Aina, Matilda Djerf and Molly-Mae Hague earn a living from a combination of sponsored posts, commissions 152 (make) through associate links and by creating their own brands, from fake tan to eyeshadows. Though they shape digital culture, too often influencers 153 (dismiss) as fame-hungry celebrities, who post about the details of their lives and mindlessly promote branded products for eye-watering sums. But a new crop of books takes the influencer industry 154 (seriously) by exploring the way social media’s most popular users are reshaping the global economy and changing what the average person views online. Taylor Lorenz, 155 technology writer for the Washington Post, is a leading voice on social-media trends and internet culture. Her book, “Extremely Online”, argues that influencers hold huge power: “Tech founders may control the source code, 156 it is users who shape the product.” Charting the history of the influencer from the 1990s to today, Ms. Lorenz argues influencers rose by making fame and luxury less “sealed off”. Like reality-TV stars, early influencers created a new, niche sort of celebrity, popular enough 157 (draw) attention but still unrecognizable to most. Ms. Lorenz makes the case that, despite its bad rap, influencing has “given more people the chance to benefit directly from their labor than at any other time in history”, 158 (entertain) readers with stories about “mommy bloggers” turning the pain of parenthood into six-figure businesses and teens becoming multi-millionaires through short comedy skits. Some experts estimate as much as 90% of online content could be AI-generated by 2026. 159 the number of believable posts and photos produced by AI soars, influencers will face significantly more competition for internet users’ attention. No influencer, 160 skilled they have proved to be at using the internet to gain popularity and profits in the past, is guaranteed to retain any kind of influence in the next technological transformation. 【答案】 151．how 152．made 153．are dismissed 154．more seriously 155．a 156．but 157．to draw 158．entertaining 159．As 160．no matter how 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了社交媒体影响者（即网红）在互联网文化中的重要性和影响。 151．考查宾语从句。句意：这些科技巨头的传记和回忆录塑造了读者对网络世界如何改变线下世界的理解。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中结构完整，用连接副词引导，根据句意，表达“如何”之意，用how。故填how。 152．考查非谓语动词。句意：像Jackie Aina、Matilda Djerf和Molly-Mae Hague这样的人通过赞助帖子、通过关联链接获得的佣金以及创建自己的品牌(从晒黑产品到眼影)来谋生。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词earn，所以make用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语commissions之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填made。 153．考查动词时态和语态。句意：尽管网红塑造了数字文化，但他们往往被视为渴望名利的名人，他们在网上晒自己的生活细节，盲目地推销品牌产品，赚取令人瞠目结舌的收入。分析句子结构可知，dismiss作本句谓语，和主语influencers之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填are dismissed。 154．考查副词。句意：不过，有一批新书更认真地看待网红行业，探讨了社交媒体上最受欢迎的用户如何重塑全球经济，以及如何改变普通人的网络观点。空处修饰空前的动词，用副词修饰，根据句意，此处表达“更认真地”之意，用比较级。故填more seriously。 155．考查冠词。句意：泰勒·洛伦兹是《华盛顿邮报》的科技作家，是社交媒体趋势和互联网文化方面的领军人物。writer意为“作家”，为可数名词，句中用的单数，前应用不定冠词修饰，technology是辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a。 156．考查连词。句意：她的书《极度在线》认为，影响者拥有巨大的权力：“科技创始人可能控制着源代码，但塑造产品的是用户。”根据前文“Tech founders may control the source code”以及后文“it is users who shape the product.”可知，两句是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 157．考查非谓语动词。句意：像真人秀明星一样，早期的网红创造了一种新的、小众的名人，他们足够受欢迎，可以吸引注意力，但大多数人仍然认不出来。此处是固定搭配：enough to do sth.意为“足以做某事”。故填to draw。 158．考查非谓语动词。句意：洛伦兹认为，尽管名声不好，但影响力“让更多的人有机会从自己的劳动中直接受益，这是历史上任何时候都没有的”，她用一些故事来娱乐读者，比如“妈咪博主”把为人父母的痛苦变成了六位数的生意，以及青少年通过喜剧小品成为千万富翁。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词makes，所以entertain用非谓语动词，和逻辑主语Ms. Lorenz之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填entertaining。 159．考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人工智能制作的可信帖子和照片数量激增，网红们将面临更大的竞争，以吸引网民的注意力。分析句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，根据句意，表达“随着”之意，应用as引导的时间状语从句，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填As。 160．考查状语从句。句意：没有任何网红，无论他们在过去如何熟练地利用互联网获得人气和利润，都不能保证在下一次技术变革中保持任何影响力。分析句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，根据句意，表达“无论如何”之意，应用no matter how引导让步状语从句。故填no matter how。 Passage 6 （22-23学年高二上·上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. ‘Permacrisis’ — the 2022 Word of the Year Over the last few years, it’s seemed like the “new normal” keeps getting weirder and darker as historical events pile up. This month the Collins Dictionary acknowledged our apparent entry into ever darker timelines by naming “permacrisis” its 2022 Word of the Year. Collins defines the word as a(n) “ 232 (extend) period of instability and insecurity, especially one 233 (result) from a series of catastrophic events.” You can pick from an existential mixture of catastrophic event 234 (justify) the use of the term, from the COVID pandemic to Russia’s war on Ukraine to extreme weather worsened by climate change. “Permacrisis is a term that perfectly embodies the dizzying sense of moving from one unprecedented event to 235 , as we wonder sadly what new horrors might be around the corner,” David Shariatmadari said in a “permacrisis” blog post for Collins on Nov. 1. “Much more of this 236 we might have forgotten what stability and security ever felt like.” The word isn’t brand new this year. A quick search 237 find references at least as far back as the mid-1990s, which makes sense as it’s a handy suitcase for any particularly stubborn situation. “Permacrisis signals not only a loss of faith in progress, but also a new realism 238 relation to what people can cope with and achieve,” Neil Turnbull, a Nottingham Trent University philosophy professor, writes on the academia-focused site The Conversation. “Our crises 239 (become) so complex and deep-seated that they can go beyond our capacity to understand them. Any decision to tackle them risks only 240 (make) things worse.” It turns out that some other words and phrases 241 were chosen for this year’s honor are also tied to the mounting sense of permacrisis, including “quiet quitting”, the oft-mispronounced Ukrainian capital Kyiv and “vibe shift.” Here’s hoping the latter becomes more prominent real soon. 【答案】 232．extended 233．resulting 234．to justify 235．another 236．and 237．can 238．in 239．have become 240．making 241．which/that 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍2022年的年度词汇——Permacrisis (长期危机)。 232．考查形容词。句意：柯林斯词典将这个词定义为“长期的不稳定和不安全，尤指由一系列灾难性事件引起的”。名词period前用形容词修饰。形容词extended为“长期的”之意。故填extended。 233．考查非谓语动词。句意：柯林斯词典将这个词定义为“长期的不稳定和不安全，尤指由一系列灾难性事件引起的”。这里为独立主格结构，句中one代指前句中的名词period，与result from之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填resulting。 234．考查非谓语动词。句意：从新冠肺炎大流行到俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争，再到气候变化导致的极端天气，你可以从一系列存在主义的灾难性事件中挑选出这个词的使用理由。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填to justify。 235．考查固定短语。句意：11月1日，大卫·沙里亚特玛达里在为柯林斯撰写的一篇关于“长期危机”的博客文章中说：“长期危机这个词完美地体现了从一个前所未有的事件转移到另一个前所未有的事件的令人眼花缭乱的感觉，我们悲伤地想知道新的恐怖事件可能即将发生。”from one to another从一个到另一个。故填another。 236．考查连词。句意：再这样下去，我们可能会忘记稳定和安全曾经是什么感觉。前后句之间为并列关系，所以用并列连词and。故填and。 237．考查情态动词。句意：快速搜索至少可以找到早在20世纪90年代中期的参考文献，这是有道理的，因为对于任何特别棘手的情况，它都是一个方便的手提箱。动词find前用情态动词。结合句意可知，表示“可以，能够”，用情态动词can。故填can。 238．考查介词。句意：诺丁汉特伦特大学哲学教授尼尔·特恩布尔(Neil Turnbull)在专注于学术的网站the Conversation上写道：“长期危机不仅标志着对进步的信心丧失，而且标志着人们在应对和实现方面的一种新的现实主义。”in relation to关于；和……有关。故填in。 239．考查时态。句意：我们的危机已经变得如此复杂和根深蒂固，以至于超出了我们的理解能力。结合句意可知，用现在完成时，表示已经发生的事情对现在产生了影响。主语是Our crises，谓语助动词用have。故填have become。 240．考查非谓语动词。句意：任何解决这些问题的决定都有可能让事情变得更糟。risk doing sth.冒险做某事。故填making。 241．考查定语从句。句意：事实证明，今年获选的其他一些词汇和短语也与不断增强的长期危机感有关，包括“安静地辞职”、经常被读错的乌克兰首都基辅(Kyiv)和“潮流改变(vibe shift)”。句中先行词为words and phrases，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 话题2 社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市嘉定区封浜高级中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. About 18 months ago, my father was in hospital recovering from a lung operation. My mother had recently passed away, and my father had taken the loss of his partner of 55 years and had lost interest 21 life. 22 (try) to get him to eat each day was quite a chore as he didn’t want anything. The one thing, however, that he would ask us to bring him was ice-cream. One evening, to our surprise, he refused 23 (eat) the ice-cream, so I placed it in a staff room freezer. A little while later, my son decided he wanted it, so I fetched it for him. As I passed another ward, a woman asked, “Are there more ice-cream?” 24 I had explained the situation, she apologized. She then said that she had cancer and could eat very little, other than the occasional ice-cream. The next morning, I decided to buy two ice-creams. On the way to Dad’s room, I stopped in at the sick woman’s room and offered her the ice-cream I’d bought for her. She was totally surprised at what I 25 (think) for her, and accepted the gift with tears in her eyes. I spoke with her for a few minutes, 26 (explain) what was happening in my family and listened to her similar story of pain and suffering. 27 was clear that she didn’t have many visitors, and the ice-cream and our short chat meant a great deal to her. I repeated the gesture a few days later. The woman, 28 face was pale, thanked me again. I thought she 29 be very lonely. This time, I, 30 (reward) with a big hug, realized that an act of kindness can be more rewarding when you give it, rather than receive it. 【答案】 21．in 22．Trying 23．to eat 24．After 25．had thought 26．explaining 27．It 28．whose 29．must 30．rewarded 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在探望住院的父亲时，偶然帮助了一位同样患病的孤独女士，通过给予她冰淇淋和陪伴，展现了善意的力量。 21．考查介词。句意：我母亲最近去世了，我父亲失去了相伴55年的伴侣，对生活失去了兴趣。表示“对……失去兴趣”，用固定短语lose interest in，本空用介词in，符合题意。故填in。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：每天努力让他吃点东西是一件很麻烦的事，因为他什么都不想吃。句中已有was，设空处用非谓语动词，且表示经常发生的动作，用try“努力”的动名词形式作主语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Trying。 23．考查非谓语动词。句意：一天晚上，令我们惊讶的是，他拒绝吃冰淇淋，所以我把它放在了一个员工室的冰箱里。refuse to do sth“拒绝做某事”，为固定短语，本空用eat“吃”的不定式形式，作宾语。故填to eat。 24．考查时间状语从句。句意：我解释完情况后，她道歉了。本空引导时间状语从句，表示“在……后”用after引导，位于句首，首字母大写，故填After。 25．考查时态。句意：她对于我为她所考虑的一切感到非常惊讶，并且眼里含着泪水接受了这份礼物。本空为what引导的宾语从句的谓语，think“思考”这一动作发生在was totally surprised之前，为“过去的过去”，从句时态用过去完成时，从句谓语用had thought。故填had thought。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：我和她聊了几分钟，向她解释了家里发生的事情，并听了她讲述的类似的痛苦经历。句中已有谓语动词spoke和listened，设空处用非谓语动词，动词explain“解释”和句子主语I之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，作状语，故填explaining。 27．考查代词。句意：很明显，她没有多少访客，冰淇淋和我们的简短聊天对她来说意义重大。设空处为句子的形式主语，后面的that引导的主语从句作真正的主语，用代词it，位于句首，首字母大写，故填It。 28．考查定语从句。句意：这位脸色苍白的女士再次感谢了我。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The woman，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰名词face，用关系代词whose引导，故填whose。 29．考查情态动词。句意：我想她一定很孤独。设空处表示“一定”，用情态动词must，故填must。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：这次，得到了一个大大的拥抱作为回报，我意识到当你给予善意而不是接受善意时，善行会更有回报。句中已有谓语动词realized，设空处用非谓语动词，动词reward“回报”和句子主语I之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式表被动。故填rewarded。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that 53 (nice) men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered driver is the exception 54 the rule. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience 55 (resist) the temptation to take revenge when 56 (subject) to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way to 57 (relieve) the tightness of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in response to 58 act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and calm so necessary in modern traffic conditions. However, misplaced politeness 59 also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street to following traffic, 60 a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles 61 may be unable to stop in time. A veteran driver told me it would help if drivers learnt to filter correctly into traffic stream one at a time without causing total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Years ago, experts warned us that explosion in car ownership 62 (demand) more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. 【答案】 53．the nicest 54．to 55．to resist 56．subjected 57．relieving 58．an 59．can 60．when 61．which/that 62．would demand 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了道路礼仪的重要性，强调所有道路使用者都需要相互礼让。 53．考查形容词最高级。句意：每个人都知道，最友善的人在方向盘后（开车的时候）也会变成凶猛的老虎。根据“manners on the road are becoming horrible (道路礼仪变得越来越糟糕)”和“would become fierce tigers (会变成凶猛的老虎)”可知，此处通过对比强调即便是最友善的人遇到糟糕的道路礼仪也会变得暴躁凶猛，应用形容词nice的最高级形式the nicest。故填the nicest。 54．考查固定短语。句意：你可能会容忍那些古怪的占道者、粗鲁且不顾及他人的司机，但如今有礼貌的司机反而是例外而非常态。the exception to the rule是固定短语，意为“规则的例外，例外情况”。故填to。 55．考查动词不定式。句意：当遇到不文明行为时，即便是最冷静的司机也需要极大的耐心才能抵制住报复的诱惑。“It takes sb. + 名词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事需要……”，此处应用resist的动词不定式形式to resist。故填to resist。 56．考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当遇到不文明行为时，即便是最冷静的司机也需要极大的耐心才能抵制住报复的诱惑。subject sb to sth意为“使经受；使遭受”，the most cool-headed drivers与动词subject之间为被动关系，用被动语态sb be subjected to，此状语从句的完整表述是when they are subjected to uncivilized behavior。they指代主句中动作发出者the most cool-headed drivers，因此从句里可省略主语和be动词are，即when subjected to uncivilized behavior。故填subjected。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：另一方面，一点点礼貌就能大大缓解驾驶时的紧张情绪。go a long way to doing sth.是固定短语，意为“对做某事大有帮助”。此处to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填relieving。 58．考查冠词。句意：对一个礼貌行为报以友好的点头或感谢的挥手，有助于营造一种善意和平静的氛围，这在现代交通状况下是非常必要的。act是可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个礼貌行为”，且act以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 59．考查情态动词。句意：然而，不当的礼貌也可能是危险的。根据语境可知，此处表示客观的可能性。情态动词can意为“可能；会”，强调客观上的可能性。故填can。 60．考查连词。句意：典型的例子是，司机急刹车让一辆车从侧街驶出汇入车流，而实际上几秒钟后道路本就会畅通。根据前后句的逻辑关系可知，此处表示转折，意为“然而”，应用连词when “而”，引入引出事实或评论。故填when。 61．考查定语从句。句意：或者有人挥手让孩子穿过斑马线，但迎面而来的车辆驾驶员可能无法及时停车。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，先行词是oncoming vehicles，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。 62．考查动词时态。句意：几年前，专家们就警告我们，汽车拥有量的激增将要求所有道路使用者更多地相互礼让。根据“Years ago, experts warned us that (几年前，专家就警告我们)”可知，宾语从句中汽车拥有量的增加对道路使用者的要求是在过去看“将要发生的事”，应用过去将来时would demand。故填would demand。 Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·上海市育才中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. City streets are littered with all kinds of refuse. On just about every street and sidewalk, one can find old newspaper, crushed cans, food wrappers, and discarded cigarettes, not to mention blobs (斑点) of old chewing gum 171 (stick) on walls, street poles, and on the ground. Of all these, gum is one of the hardest things to clean up. In its attempt 172 (clean) discarded gum off the streets and sidewalks, the authorities in London have tried everything from tools that shoot high-pressure water and steam to various kinds of chemicals 173 dissolve the gum. But nothing seems to work. The streets 174 (dot) with unattractive blobs of the stuff. Or at least they were unattractive 175 Ben Wilson came along. Ben Wilson is an artist on a mission. He wants to make good use of 176 others have thrown away and no one else wants: old chewing gum. When Mr. Wilson finds gum on the ground, down he goes with his painting supplies and sets out to create a work of art. He uses the discarded blobs of old gum 177 canvases (画布) for his mini paintings. After finishing a work, Mr. Wilson takes a picture of 178 for his archive. 179 (paint) all the gum on the streets of London could be a never-ending task for Ben Wilson. On a single street like High Street Barnet, it took him more than one month to paint all of the gum that he found in just three blocks. And new canvases are being spit out every day on streets. But he does not seem worried. As he told a reporter in one interview, “I’m just going to keep painting and see 180 the enthusiasm takes me.” 【答案】 171．stuck/sticking 172．to clean 173．which/that 174．are dotted/were dotted 175．before/until/when 176．what 177．as 178．it 179．Painting 180．where 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了本·威尔逊把街上的废弃口香糖变成艺术品的故事。 171．考查非谓语。句意：在几乎每条街道和人行道上，你都能找到旧报纸、压碎的罐头、食品包装纸和丢弃的香烟，更不用说粘在墙上、电线杆上和地上的旧口香糖了。空处为非谓语动词，old chewing gum与stick为主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。也可表示被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填stuck/sticking。 172．考查动词不定式。句意：为了清理街道和人行道上的废弃口香糖，伦敦当局尝试了各种方法，从喷射高压水和蒸汽的工具到溶解口香糖的各种化学物质。in one’s attempt to do sth“某人试图做某事”，不定式作后置定语。故填to clean。 173．考查定语从句。句意：为了清理街道和人行道上的废弃口香糖，伦敦当局尝试了各种方法，从喷射高压水和蒸汽的工具到溶解口香糖的各种化学物质。先行词为chemicals，作定语从句的主语，关系代词为which或者that。故填which/that。 174．考查时态语态。句意：街上点缀着毫无吸引力的东西。be dotted with点缀着，为固定短语，可以表示现在的事实，也可以表示过去的事实，所以本句为一般现在时的被动语态或者一般过去时的被动语态。故填are/were dotted。 175．考查连词。句意：或者至少在本·威尔逊出现之前，他们是没有吸引力的/或者至少在本·威尔逊出现的时候，他们是没有吸引力的。根据句意可知，本句为before/until/when引导的时间状语从句。故填before/until/when。 176．考查连接词。句意：他想好好利用别人扔掉的、没人想要的东西:旧口香糖。of后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，从句用连接代词what引导。故填what。 177．考查介词。句意：他用丢弃的旧口香糖块作为他的迷你画的画布。表示“作为”用介词as。故填as。 178．考查代词。句意：完成一件作品后，威尔逊先生会给它拍张照片存档。指代前文的work，用it。故填it。 179．考查动名词。句意：对本·威尔逊来说，在伦敦街头涂上所有的口香糖可能是一项永无止境的任务。动名词作主语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Painting。 180．考查连接词。句意：我只是想继续画画，看看热情会把我带到哪里。see后接宾语从句，从句缺少表示地点的连接副词，故填where。 话题 3 教育成长与校园生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Tech-Free Classroom: Fostering Deep Learning and Interaction Like many other people, I love my smart phone, which keeps me connected with 1 (large) world. I also love my laptop, because it holds all of my writing and thoughts. However, I know there are times 2 I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others. On occasion, I teach 3 course called History Matters to a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. 4 I want students to thoroughly study the materials and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom, I have a rule — no laptop, iPads, phones, etc. When students 5 (tell) my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy. Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There’s a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am anti-technology. There’s no truth in that at all. The real reason why I ask students 6 (leave) technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we 7 have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within 8 for inspiration and ideas. I 9 (teach) my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course materials 10 the classroom. 【答案】 1．larger 2．when 3．a 4．Because 5．were told 6．to leave 7．can 8．them 9．have been teaching 10．outside 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在课堂上禁用电子设备促进学习和互动的做法。 1．考查形容词。句意：和许多其他人一样，我喜欢我的智能手机，它让我与更大的世界保持联系。结合语意可知，此处表示与更大的世界保持联系，空处应用形容词的比较级形式larger，表示“更大的”。故填larger。 2．考查定语从句。句意：然而，我知道有时候我需要远离这些设备，真正与他人交流。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词times，表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 3．考查冠词。句意：有时，我会给一群高等教育管理人员教授一门名为“历史很重要”的课程。结合语意可知，此处表示一门课程，空处应用不定冠词表示泛指，course是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．考查连词。句意：因为我希望学生们在课堂上彻底学习材料并相互交流想法，所以我有一个规则——不要使用笔记本电脑、iPad、手机等。句子前后为因果关系，所以空处应用连词because，表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Because。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：当学生们在上课前被告知我的规则时，他们中的一些人并不高兴。根据句中were可知，句子使用一般过去时，tell与主语students之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语students是复数，be动词使用were。故填were told。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：我要求学生把技术留在门口的真正原因是，我认为很少有地方能够让我们进行深入的对话，真正参与复杂的想法。ask sb. to do sth.为固定短语，表示“要求某人做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to leave。 7．考查情态动词。句意同上。结合语意可知，此处表示“能够”让我们进行深入的对话，空处应用情态动词can。故填can。 8．考查代词。句意：我希望学生们深入挖掘他们的灵感和想法。结合语意可知，此处表示深入挖掘在他们之中的东西，空处应用代词的宾格形式them，作介词within的宾语。故填them。 9．考查时态。句意：多年来，我一直以这种方式教授我的历史课，评估反映了学生对我创造的环境的满意度。根据时间状语for many years可知，句子描述动作从过去持续到现在，且强调在这段时间动作一直正在进行，应用现在完成进行时，主语是I，谓语动词使用have been teaching。故填have been teaching。 10．考查介词。句意：学生们意识到，通过深入的对话和挑战，他们的学习水平有助于他们将课程材料放在课堂之外。结合语意可知，此处表示在课堂之外，空处应用介词outside，表示“在……之外”。故填outside。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海普陀区长征中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How can we help students do better at school? Researchers at the University of Nevada designed a simple experiment to see 83 the lecturer’s attractiveness has any impact on how much of the lecture students remember or not. Here’s how the experiment was carried out. The researchers asked 131 college students 84 (listen) to a recording of a 20-minute introductory physics lecture. The students were randomly assigned to a male or female lecturer, each of 85 read exactly the same text. While the lecture was playing, a computer screen displayed a photo of the lecturer--who was highly attractive in some cases and not as eye-catching in others.Taking notes 86 (not allow) in the course. After the lecture, participants 87 (get) a 25-question quiz on the lecture. For those who had an attractive instructor, the average score was 18.27; for those 88 an ordinary instructor, the average was 16.68. The researchers said that gap was not huge, but it was statistically significant. Participants were asked to evaluate the lecturers after 89 (test) on the material and they generally agreed about the attractiveness of the lecturers. So do the new findings mean that schools 90 hire better-looking teachers? R.Shane Westfal, the lead author of the new paper, notes that 91 the performance differences in his study amounted to (总计；等于) about half of a better grade, teacher training, experience and dedication would probably make a bigger difference. Interestingly, earlier studies have found that good-looking people are 92 (likely) to get involved in almost any context--suggesting that schools may have hired the more attractive teachers. 【答案】 83．whether 84．to listen 85．whom 86．was not allowed 87．got 88．with 89．being tested 90．should 91．Although/Though/While 92．more likely 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍内华达大学研究人员通过实验探究讲师吸引力对学生记忆讲座内容的影响，分析结果并探讨其对学校聘请教师的启示。 83．考查宾语从句。句意：内华达大学的研究人员设计了一个简单的实验，看看讲师的吸引力是否会对学生记住多少讲座内容产生影响。 空处引导宾语从句，作动词see的宾语，从句中不缺少成分，根据or not可知，此处表示“是否”，应用whether引导宾语从句。故填whether。 84．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员让131名大学生听一段20分钟的大学物理入门讲座录音。ask sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“要求某人做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式to listen作宾语补足语。故填to listen。 85．考查定语从句。句意：学生们被随机分配给一位男讲师或一位女讲师，他们都读完全相同的文本。 空处引导定语从句，此处为“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是a male or female lecturer，指人，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 86．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：课程中不允许做笔记。本句缺少谓语动词，主语Taking notes与动词allow之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据上文was可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语Taking notes是单个的动名词短语，看作单数，所以系动词用was，否定形式为was not allowed。故填was not allowed。 87．考查动词时态。句意：讲座结束后，参与者参加了一个关于讲座内容的25道题的测验。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据下文had可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词get的过去式是got。故填got。 88．考查介词。句意：对于那些有有吸引力的讲师的学生，平均成绩是18.27分；对于那些有普通讲师的学生，平均成绩是16.68分。此处表示“有普通讲师的学生”，应用介词with表示“具有，带有”，构成介词短语，作后置定语。故填with。 89．考查非谓语动词。句意：参与者在对材料进行测试后被要求对讲师进行评价，他们普遍对讲师的吸引力达成了一致。介词after后接动名词作宾语，且participants与test之间是被动关系，所以应用动名词的被动形式being tested。故填being tested。 90．考查情态动词。句意：那么这些新发现是否意味着学校应该聘请长相更好看的老师呢？根据空后动词原形hire可知，此处应用情态动词should，表示“应该”。故填should。 91．考查连词。句意：新论文的第一作者R. Shane Westfal指出，尽管他的研究中表现差异总计约为半个更好的成绩，但教师培训、经验和奉献精神可能会产生更大的影响。空处引导让步状语从句，此处表示“尽管”，应用although或Though或while引导从句，空处位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Although/Though/While。 92．考查形容词。句意：有趣的是，早期的研究发现，长相好看的人几乎在任何情况下都更有可能参与其中 —— 这表明学校可能聘请了更有吸引力的教师。 根据空前系动词are可知，空处需填形容词作表语，再根据句意，此处表示“更有可能”，应用形容词likely的比较级more likely。故填more likely。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海师范大学附属中学宝山分校、闵行分校·期末） Directions:After reading the passage below, ,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How good are you at maths? Some people love the challenge of algebra or enjoy working out number puzzles such as Sudoko. Maths is all around us, from working out how to split the bill after a meal, to 141 (calculate) your household bills. But many fear the moment 142 they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry and confusion. It can seem  daunting, but  this ‘maths anxiety’ is perfectly normal, and you’re definitely not alone. And anyway, our worries and fears don’t necessarily reflect our ability. The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be 143 (likely) to be affected. The Programme for International Student Assessment found around 31%of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems, 33% said they got  tense doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is critical, especially 144 a young age”. She thinks the key is 145 (get) people, especially women, who love teaching maths to younger children. Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says “It’s not clear 146 maths arouses so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there’s a right or wrong answer — there’s no room for bluffing — 147   make you more worried about underperforming.” And 148 we assume we’re not a ‘maths person’, we avoid solving things that we probably could do. Psychologists 149 (try) to work out why mental arithmetic can bring us out in a sweat. That seed of fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that expressing your fears can loosen 150 control on you, and encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat. Ideally, we need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance. 【答案】 141．calculating 142．when 143．more likely 144．at 145．to get 146．why 147．may/can/could/might 148．once 149．have been trying 150．their 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提到“数学焦虑”完全是正常现象并且指出了对数学产生恐惧的原因和解决办法。 141．考查非谓语动词。句意：数学无处不在，从计算餐后如何分摊账单，到计算你的家庭账单。根据空格前的介词to可知，空格处应该用动名词calculating作宾语。故填calculating。 142．考查定语从句。句意：但许多人害怕当他们不得不与数字和数字打交道时，感到真正的担忧和困惑。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词the moment进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应该用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 143．考查形容词比较级。句意：研究发现，在教授这门学科时感到紧张的数学老师会将他们的焦虑传递给学生，而女孩更可能容易受到影响。根据句中的girls可知，此处暗含着“女孩子和男孩子比较”，应该表示“更可能”，所以应该用比较级more likely。故填more likely。 144．考查介词。句意：波士顿大学凯斯特罗姆商学院的Shulamit Kahn告诉BBC，她认为给予学生，尤其是女孩，良好的榜样“是至关重要的，尤其是在年幼的时候”。根据空格后的名词age可知，此处应该用介词at与其搭配，at a young age“在年轻时”是固定搭配。故填at。 145．考查非谓语动词。句意：她认为关键在于吸引那些喜欢教小孩数学的人，尤其是女性。根据空格前的名词key可知，空格处应用不定式形式to get作表语。故填to get。 146．考查连接副词。句意：目前还不清楚为什么数学比地理更令人恐惧。句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是空格后的从句，所以空格处应该用连接词引导主语从句，且意义为“为什么”，所以用连接副词why。故填why。 147．考查情态动词。句意：但事实是，有正确或错误的答案——没有诈唬的余地——可能会让你更担心表现不佳。根据句意和空格后的动词原形make可知，空格处应该用情态动词且意义为“可能”，所以用can/may/could/might(could和might只表示这种可能性更小)。故填can/may/could/might。 148．考查连词。句意：一旦我们假设我们不是一个“数学人”，我们就会避免解决那些我们可能会做的事情。根据句意和空格后的句子可知，空格处应该用连词引导条件状语从句，且意义为“一旦”，所以用连词once。故填once。 149．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：心理学家一直在试图弄清楚为什么心算能让我们大汗淋漓。此处表示“一直……”应该用现在完成进行时，主语是复数形式，助动词用have。故填have been trying。 150．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：恐惧的种子可能有很多来源，但有些人认为，表达你的恐惧可以放松他们对你的控制，鼓励孩子们把数学考试视为挑战，而不是威胁。空格处作定语，修饰空格后的名词control，且代指上文的fears，所以应该用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 Passage 4 （22-23学年高二上·上海市青浦高级中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It is said that Chinese New Year started in ancient times, 222 the Chinese people were hounded by a mythical beast called the ‘Nian’. The Nian would visit every New Year day to gobble up all their livestock, crops and even people! 223 (scare) and tormented, the villagers left food 224 their houses for the Nian, in the hope that it would leave them be once it had been fed. One day, the villagers noticed that the Nian was afraid of 225 but a small child wearing 226 color red. From that day on, red lanterns, firecrackers and scrolls were used 227 (frighten) the Nian away and it never came back! Each Chinese year 228 (name) after one of the 12 animals on the Chinese Zodiac. The zodiac is a repeating 12-year cycle and is shown as a wheel, split into12 sections, each 229 (contain) an animal. The Chinese Zodiac and its 12 animals all link to certain years of the Lunar calendar. The year 2020 was the year of the rat, 2021 was the year of the ox and 2022 the year of the tiger. These animals all came to be ranked by a legendary race 230 they all took part in by crossing a river. The rat won the race through trickery and people who are born in the year of the rat 231 (say) to be very cunning. From first to last, the animals finished in this order: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. 【答案】 222．when 223．Scared 224．outside 225．nothing 226．the 227．to frighten 228．is named 229．containing 230．which 231．are said 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国新年的一些知识以及生肖传统。 222．考查定语从句。句意：据说中国的新年始于古代，当时中国人被一种叫做“年”的神话野兽追捕。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词ancient times，从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导。故填when。 223．考查形容词。句意：村民们既害怕又痛苦，他们把食物放在房子外面给年兽吃，希望它喂饱了就会离开他们。作状语，修饰主语the villagers应用形容词scared，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Scared。 224．考查介词。句意：村民们既害怕又痛苦，他们把食物放在房子外面给年兽吃，希望它喂饱了就会离开他们。结合句意表示“在外面”应用介词outside。故填outside。 225．考查不定代词。句意：有一天，村民们注意到年兽除了一个穿红色衣服的小孩什么都不怕。此处为短语nothing but表示“只有”。故填nothing。 226．考查冠词。句意：有一天，村民们注意到年兽除了一个穿红色衣服的小孩什么都不怕。此处特指红色应用定冠词。故填the。 227．考查非谓语动词。句意：从那天起，人们用红灯笼、鞭炮和卷轴来吓跑年兽，它再也没有回来过！短语be used to do sth.表示“被用来……”。故填to frighten。 228．考查时态语态。句意：每一年都以中国十二生肖中的一种动物命名。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is named。 229．考查非谓语动词。句意：黄道十二生肖是一个重复的12年周期，被显示为一个轮子，分为12个部分，每个部分包含一种动物。“each 　　　　8　　　 (contain) an animal.”是独立主格结构作状语，contain和逻辑主语each（部分）之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。故填containing。 230．考查定语从句。句意：这些动物都是通过一个传说中的比赛来排名的，他们都参加了横渡河流的比赛。定语从句修饰先行词race，从句缺少宾语，故用which。故填which。 231．考查固定短语。句意：老鼠通过欺骗赢得了比赛，出生在鼠年的人据说非常狡猾。短语be said to do sth.表示“据说”，根据上文are可知为一般现在时。故填are said。 话题 4 运动与健康 （24-25学年高二上·上海市上海大学附属中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Quality Sleep Protects Your Brain Having trouble thinking creatively? Not able to focus on tasks that need to get done? Poor sleep could potentially be 73 (blame). It turns out lack of sleep can do a number on your brain-and not just in the short term. Research suggests not getting enough quality sleep can have serious permanent negative consequences. On the other hand, good sleep habits can have lasting benefits. Below 74 (be) three research-backed brain benefits of sleep. Stimulates creativity Thinking in new, imaginative ways requires a well-rested brain. On the contrary, a brain 75 (suffer) from a lack of sleep is unable to think creatively. A study 76 (report) in the journal Nature bears this out. For the study, participants learned a task 77 they had to recognize a hidden pattern in the questions they were asked. Their initial training 78 (follow) by eight hours of nighttime sleep or wakefulness or daytime wakefulness. More than twice as many participants gained insight into the hidden rule after sleep as those who did after wakefulness, regardless of the time of day. The researchers concluded that “sleep, by restructuring new memory representations, facilitates obtaining of expressive knowledge and insightful behavior.” Reduces depression Often influenced by chemical imbalances in the brain, depression and sleep problems go hand-in-hand. People with depression may 79 have a hard time sleeping or else get too much sleep. While it’s not clear 80 lack of sleep causes depression, it can worsen it. Studies show people who sleep fewer than six or more than nine hours a night are more likely to be depressed than those 81 between. Solidifies memories One of sleep’s main functions is to help improve memory. It does this by enabling the brain to strengthen some neural pathways (神经通路) 82 reducing those it doesn’t need. For example, your brain doesn’t need to keep every sensory impression collected during your waking hours. 【答案】 73．to blame 74．are 75．suffering 76．reported 77．where 78．was followed 79．either 80．whether 81．in 82．while 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是睡眠对大脑功能的积极影响。 73．考查不定式。句意：睡眠不好可能是罪魁祸首。固定句式sb. be to blame意为“某人应受责备”，因此空格处用不定式to blame。故填to blame。 74．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：以下是有研究支持的睡眠对大脑的三个好处。句子是部分倒装，主语是three research-backed brain benefits of sleep，是复数，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处用are，故填are。 75．考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，睡眠不足的大脑无法创造性地思考。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，brain和suffer之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作后置定语，故填suffering。 76．考查非谓语动词。句意：发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究证实了这一点。句中谓语是bears，空格处用非谓语动词，study和report之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填reported。 77．考查定语从句。句意：在这项研究中，参与者完成了一项任务，他们必须在被问到的问题中识别出隐藏的模式。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词task是抽象地点，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。 78．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：他们最初的训练之后是8小时的夜间睡眠，或者是不睡觉，或者是白天不睡觉。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，由句意和by可知，空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Their initial training是不可数名词，主谓一致。故填was followed。 79．考查固定搭配。句意：患有抑郁症的人要么很难入睡，要么睡得太多。根据语境可知，句子表示“患有抑郁症的人要么很难入睡，要么睡得太多”，either...or...是固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”，因此空格处用either。故填either。 80．考查主语从句。句意：虽然尚不清楚睡眠不足是否会导致抑郁症，但它可能会使抑郁症恶化。While引导的让步状语从句中it是形式主语，空格处引导主语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，空格处意为“是否”，用whether引导，故填whether。 81．考查介词。句意：研究表明，每晚睡眠时间少于6小时或超过9小时的人比睡眠时间介于两者之间的人更容易抑郁。in between意为“在中间”，符合句意，故填in。 82．考查连词。句意：它通过使大脑加强一些神经通路，同时减少那些不需要的神经通路来做到这一点。根据语境可知，空格处意为“同时”，强调主从句的动作同时发生，用while引导时间状语从句，从句中有省略，故填while。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·上海行知中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sleep Is Your Superpower Did you know that you have the ability to reduce your chances of having a car accident, improve your ability to fight off illnesses, and decrease your risk factors for heart disease and Alzheimer’s? Yes. Everyone has that superpower, in fact, we use it every day — sleep. Sleep is one of the most powerful activities 103 our bodies undergo. Often times, sleep is thought of as a passive process in which we merely lie in bed and wake up the next morning, with 104 happening in between. This could not be 105 (far) from the truth. Sleep is vital for learning and for the formation of new memories, growth, and development. The American Society of Sleep Medicine advises adults 106 (get) at least 7 hours of sleep each night. Matthew Walker, 107 professor of Sleep at the University of California, argues that sleep is the foundation for good health. A lack of sleep puts you at risk of cardiovascular problems, 108 heart attacks, strokes, arrhythmias and heart failure. In a 2011 study, it 109 (report) that lack of sleep increases a person’s risk of getting or dying from heart disease by 45%. When we sleep, the heart relaxes and starts to pump blood at a lower pressure. However, when you do not get enough sleep, your blood pressure goes up and your heart does not relax. This is partly 110 people who do not get enough sleep are at higher risk of high blood pressure or hypertension. In a study carried out in the US, 111 they deliberately infected test subjects with another type of Coronavirus (rhinovirus — responsible for the common cold), it was observed that subjects who got at least 7 or more hours of sleep at night were 4 times less likely 112 (infect), while those who got less than 7 hours were reported to have a lower number of T-killer cells responsible for eliminating foreign invaders from the body. The immune system is particularly boosted during slow-wave sleep stage. 【答案】 103．that 104．nothing 105．further 106．to get 107．a 108．including 109．was reported 110．why 111．where 112．to be infected 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了睡眠是人类的超能力，有诸多好处。 103．考查定语从句。句意：睡眠是我们身体所经历的最强大的活动之一。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是activities，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，且先行词被最高级修饰，用关系代词that。故填that。 104．考查复合不定代词。句意：通常情况下，睡眠被认为是一个被动的过程，我们只是躺在床上，第二天早上醒来，中间什么都没有发生。根据语境，此处表示“没有事情发生”，用复合不定代词nothing。故填nothing。 105．考查形容词比较级。句意：事情远非如此。further是far的比较级形式，固定句型this couldn’t be further from the truth.(事情远非如此)，是nothing could be further from the truth的变体。故填further。 106．考查不定式。句意：美国睡眠医学学会建议成年人每晚至少睡7个小时。advise sb. to do sth. (建议某人做某事)，get用不定式形式。故填to get。 107．考查不定冠词。句意：加州大学睡眠学教授马修·沃克认为，睡眠是健康的基础。此处的professor是泛指，professor以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。故填a。 108．考查介词。句意：睡眠不足会使你面临心血管问题的风险，包括心脏病发作、中风、心律失常和心力衰竭。根据语境，表示“包括”多种心血管问题，用介词including (包括)。故填including。 109．考查时态语态。句意：在2011年的一项研究中，据报道，睡眠不足会使一个人患心脏病或死于心脏病的风险增加45%。结合In a 2011 study，主句谓语动词report时态为一般过去时，结合句意，即该研究是过去被报道的，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填was reported。 110．考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么睡眠不足的人患高血压或高血压的风险更高的部分原因。This is why+表语从句（从句表结果），意为“这就是为什么……”。故填why。 111．考查定语从句。句意：在美国进行的一项研究中，他们故意用另一种冠状病毒（感冒病毒——导致普通感冒）感染受试者，观察到夜间睡眠至少7小时或更长时间的受试者感染病毒的可能性是其他受试者的4倍，而据报道，睡眠时间少于7小时的人体内负责清除外来入侵者的T杀伤细胞数量较少。此空引导一个限制性定语从句，先行词是study，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 112．考查不定式的被动式。句意：在美国进行的一项研究中，他们故意用另一种冠状病毒（感冒病毒——导致普通感冒）感染受试者，观察到夜间睡眠至少7小时或更长时间的受试者感染病毒的可能性是其他受试者的4倍，而据报道，睡眠时间少于7小时的人体内负责清除外来入侵者的T杀伤细胞数量较少。be likely to do sth. (更不可能做某事)，非谓语动词infect和逻辑主语subjects是被动关系，infect用不定式的被动式。故填to be infected。 Passage 6 （22-23学年高二上·上海行知中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Among various events organized by our company, the marathon impresses me most. The most unforgettable scene 113 (happen) in my first year of work, when I witnessed a silver-haired man in his 80s walk slowly toward the finishing line accompanied by two nurses. It was at that moment 114 I was deeply moved. I realized 115 marathon spirit stands for — perseverance, willpower, self-proving and self-breakthrough. I took part in the Nike Women’s Half Marathon in Washington DC this year. It was my first half marathon. The moment I passed over the bridge, runners from the opposite direction gave me high fives with an unspoken understanding, 116 (allow) me to forget fatigue and regain energy instantly. There were many times 117 I wanted to quit. But runners around me, as well as the spectators along the road, always encouraged me. In the last 500 meters, feeling sick in the stomach because of the cold wind, I slowed my pace and intended 118 (walk). A woman shouted at me: “Hey, you are almost there. Come on girl! You’re doing a great job.” I started to run again 119 powered by those words. And finally I made it. Running is flesh-and-blood and not just mechanical movements. Thus, I can’t help but 120 (become) more considerate about runners when organizing races. I wish to create a far 121 (favorable) running environment, offer better services and help 122 (they) achieve the results they expect — happily, conveniently and comfortably. 【答案】 113．happened 114．that 115．what 116．allowing 117．when 118．to walk 119．and 120．become 121．more favorable 122．them 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者印象最深的是公司组织的一次马拉松比赛，由此也让作者明白了何谓马拉松精神，而作者也自己参加了马拉松比赛。 113．考查时态。句意：最难忘的一幕发生在我工作的第一年，一位80多岁的银发老人在两位护士的陪伴下慢慢走向终点线。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in my first year of work”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“the most unforgettable scene”，单数，和动词happen之间为主动关系。故填happened。 114．考查强调句型。句意：就在那一刻，我被深深地打动了。这里为强调句型：it was…that…，强调时间状语at that moment。故填that。 115．考查宾语从句。句意：我意识到马拉松精神所代表的是毅力、意志力、自我证明和自我突破。这里为宾语从句的连接词，宾语从句中缺少宾语，表示物，用连接代词what引导。故填what。 116．考查非谓语动词。句意：过桥的那一刻，对面的跑者用一种心照不宣的默契和我击掌，让我瞬间忘却了疲劳，恢复了活力。这里为非谓语动词担当结果状语，表示主句一句话所产生的“自然而然的、可预料的结果”，用现在分词形式。故填allowing。 117．考查定语从句。句意：有很多次我都想放弃。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为times，在从句中担当时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。 118．考查非谓语动词。句意：在最后的500米，因为寒冷的风，我感到胃不舒服，我放慢了脚步，打算走。这里为非谓语动词担当intend的宾语，用动词不定式，构成短语：intend to do sth，意为“打算做某事”。故填to walk。 119．考查连词。句意：我又开始跑起来，被这句话激励着。空前“started to run again”和空后“powered by those words”之间为并列关系，用并列连词and。故填and。 120．考查固定搭配。句意：因此，在组织比赛时，我不由得更加体谅跑步者。固定搭配：can’t help but do sth.意为“不由得做某事”。故填become。 121．考查比较级。句意：我希望创造一个更有利的跑步环境，提供更好的服务，帮助他们达到他们期望的结果——快乐、方便、舒适。根据下文的“offer better services”可知，空处为形容词比较级。故填more favorable。 122．考查代词。句意：我希望创造一个更有利的跑步环境，提供更好的服务，帮助他们达到他们期望的结果——快乐、方便、舒适。根据空前的help可知，空处为宾语，用代词的宾格。故填them。 【点睛】 话题 5 文化传统 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市黄浦区上海市大同中学·期末） A skywell, or “tian jing” (天井) in Mandarin, is a typical feature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China. Different from a northern Chinese courtyard, or “yuan zi” (院子), a skywell is smaller and less 181 (expose) to the outdoor environment. They are commonly seen in homes 182 (date)  back to Ming Dynasty, which 183 (design) to house different generations of relatives, according to a 2010 paper published by the Journal of Nanchang University in China. Skywells emerged as a solution for cooling buildings in an era well 184 air-conditioning existed. When wind blows above a skywell house, it can enter the indoor space through the opening. Because outdoor air is often 185 (cool), the incoming breeze travels down the walls to the lower stories and creates airflows by 186 (replace) warmer indoor air, which rises and leaves through the opening. Although skywell buildings have existed in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they seem 187 (forget) by people who prefer modern facilities. Over the past two decades, however, 188 189 a rebirth of traditional Chinese architecture, skywell buildings have been making a comeback, The 68-storey Dongguan TBA Tower in Guangdong province, for example, brings natural airflows to every floor with internal “windpipes” 190 function in a similar way to skywells. Ancient “green wisdom” continues to inspire today’s climate adaptive designs and innovations in passive cooling. That’s 191 skywells have gained more attention from modern Chinese people. 【答案】 181．exposed 182．dating 183．were designed 184．before 185．cooler 186．replacing 187．to have been forgotten 188．due/because/thanks/owing 189．to/of/to/to 190．which/that 191．why 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国南部和东部地区传统住宅中的天井这一典型特征，包括其历史背景、功能作用以及在现代建筑中的复兴和应用。 181．考查形容词。句意：与北方的“院子”不同，天井面积更小，且较少暴露于户外环境。空处为形容词形式担当表语，意为“暴露的”。故填exposed。 182．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据2010年中国南昌大学学报上发表的一篇论文，天井常见于明代及之前的住宅中，这些住宅的设计旨在容纳不同世代的亲属共同居住。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“homes”和“date back to”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填dating。 183．考查谓语动词。句意：根据2010年中国南昌大学学报上发表的一篇论文，天井常见于明代及之前的住宅中，这些住宅的设计旨在容纳不同世代的亲属共同居住。空处为从句谓语动词；根据时间状语“Ming Dynasty”可知，从句时态为一般过去时；主语为“which”，即“homes”，复数，和动词“design”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填were designed。 184．考查状语从句。句意：在空调出现之前的时代，天井作为一种建筑降温方案应运而生。空处为状语从句的引导词，意为“在……之前”，用“before”引导。故填before。 185．考查形容词。句意：由于室外空气通常较凉爽，这股凉风会沿着墙壁向下流动至低层，并通过置换上升的较热室内空气来创造气流，较热的室内空气随后通过开口排出。空处为形容词形式担当表语，根据句意可知，空处指的是“更凉爽的”，用形容词比较级形式。故填cooler。 186．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于室外空气通常较凉爽，这股凉风会沿着墙壁向下流动至低层，并通过置换上升的较热室内空气来创造气流，较热的室内空气随后通过开口排出。空处为非谓语动词担当介词后的宾语，用动名词形式。故填replacing。 187．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管天井建筑在中国已有数百年历史，但近年来，那些偏爱现代设施的人们似乎已将其遗忘。空处为非谓语动词担当宾语，表示已发生的情况，用动词不定式的完成式；主语“they”和动词“forget”之间为被动关系。故填to have been forgotten。 188．考查固定短语。句意：然而，在过去的二十年里，由于中国传统建筑的复兴，天井建筑正卷土重来。固定短语，意为“因为”，用短语：due to、because of、thanks to或owing to。故此空可填due/because/thanks/owing。 189．考查固定短语。句意：然而，在过去的二十年里，由于中国传统建筑的复兴，天井建筑正卷土重来。固定短语，意为“因为”，用短语：due to、because of、thanks to或owing to。故此空可填to /of /to /to。 190．考查定语从句。句意：例如，广东省的68层东莞TBA大厦通过内部的“风道”为每一层带来自然气流，这些风道的功能与天井相似。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“windpipes”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 191．考查表语从句。句意：这正是天井受到现代中国人更多关注的原因。空处为表语从句的引导词，表语从句中缺少原因状语，用why引导。故填why。 Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市青浦高级中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Are you the kind of person who hated school? Or are you more like Michael Nicholson, who can’t stop learning? He currently has 30 degrees including 22 master’s and a doctorate! 252 you’re also passionate about studying, you might be a philomath — a person who loves to learn and study. The word comes 253 Greek with ‘phil’ meaning ‘a lover of’ and ‘math’ meaning ‘learning’. Humans are all philomaths to an extent — our brain 254 (hardwire) to be curious. We want to learn and understand, partly to make sense of the world but also 255 something called neoteny. This is a term that refers to the juvenile characteristics of some animals, including humans, being retained into adulthood. One of these traits is neuroplasticity, which helps our brains stay flexible — this gives us the ability 256 (learn) throughout our lives. Many creatures which are genetically close to us, 257 primates, can’t do this and only learn during their adolescence. But for every person who loves learning, there are plenty 258 can’t stand it. Lots of people remember their school days as being boring or even pointless. Why is this? Educational anthropologists have suggested that if a concept or idea is too complex or dull, it becomes harder to link old and new ideas together. If that’s the case, we lose motivation and absorb 259 (little) information. This negative experience of education at school 260 lead to people avoiding learning opportunities in later life. So, don’t let a bad educational experience prevent you learning 261 new as an adult. Evolution has made us lifelong learners, so take advantage of your biology and discover your inner philomath. Who knows what you could achieve? 【答案】 252．If 253．from 254．is hardwired 255．for 256．to learn 257．like 258．who 259．less 260．may 261．something 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了某种程度上说，人类都是爱学问的人，拥有终生学习的能力，但不要让糟糕的教育经历阻碍你成年后学习新东西。 252．考查连词。句意：如果你也热衷于学习，你可能是一个爱学问的人——一个热爱学习和研究的人。结合语意，空处表示“如果”，应用连词if引导条件状语从句，if置于句首，首字母大写。故填If。 253．考查介词。句意：这个词来自希腊语，“phil”意为“……的热爱者”，“math”意为学习。come from表示“来自”，符合题意，所以空处应用介词from。故填from。 254．考查时态。句意：在某种程度上，人类都是爱学问的人——我们的大脑天生就好奇。根据句中are可知，句子使用一般现在时，be hardwired to do sth.为固定短语，表示“天生会做某事”，主语brain是单数，be动词应用is。故填is hardwired。 255．考查介词。句意：我们想要学习和理解，部分是为了理解这个世界，但也是因为一种叫做幼态持续的东西。结合语意，此处表示“因为一种叫做幼态持续的东西”，空处应用介词for，表示“因为”，符合题意。故填for。 256．考查非谓语动词。句意：其中一个特点是神经可塑性，它帮助我们的大脑保持灵活——这给了我们终生学习的能力。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，ability表示“能力”，是抽象名词，后接动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填to learn。 257．考查介词。句意：许多在基因上与我们相近的生物，如灵长类动物，无法做到这一点，只能在青春期学习。结合语意，此处表示“例如灵长类动物”，空处应用介词like，表示“例如”，符合题意。故填like。 258．考查定语从句。句意：但对于每一个热爱学习的人来说，有很多人都无法忍受它。There be结构中，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词plenty，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 259．考查形容词比较级。句意：如果是这样，我们就会失去动力，掌握的信息也会减少。根据语境可知，如果很难将新旧想法联系起来，我们会失去动力，掌握更少量的信息，空处应用形容词的比较级形式less，表示“更少的”，符合题意。故填less。 260．考查情态动词。句意：这种消极的学校教育经历可能会导致人们在以后的生活中避开学习机会。结合语意，此处表示“消极的学校教育经历可能会导致人们之后避开学习机会”，空处应用情态动词may表示把握不大的推测。故填may。 261．考查代词。句意：所以，不要让糟糕的教育经历阻碍你成年后学习新东西。结合语意，此处表示“学习一些新的东西”，空处应用不定代词something，表示“某物”，符合题意。故填something。 Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·上海市奉贤区致远高级中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Italian astronaut shows beauty of ancient Chinese composition in space Besides “Wow” and “Great,” what else would you say 262 flying over the Earth in space? Samantha Cristoforetti, the first Italian female astronaut in space, posted several lines of a famous ancient Chinese composition on Twitter 263 (share) her joy. She first wrote in Chinese, and then attached an accurate translation of the lines in both Italian and English 264 more people could understand the Chinese composition. She also attached three photos taken in space of China’s Bohai Bay and the day-night view of Beijing, the country’s capital. 265 the first Italian female astronaut in space, Cristoforetti carried out her first space mission on Nov. 23, 2014. She started the second mission in April and returned to Earth on Friday night after a 127-day long stay in orbit. Cristoforetti has been active in Sino-European cooperation in the field of manned spaceflight. She was a working group member 266 (task) with keeping in touch with Chinese counterparts to define and implement cooperation in the field of astronaut operations. In 2017, she took part in a sea survival exercise organized by the Astronaut Center of China in the Yellow Sea, 267 was the first joint training of Chinese and foreign astronauts in China. An agreement 268 (sign) in 2015 between China and Europe on cooperation in the field of manned spaceflight, specifying the participation of China and Europe in each other’s astronaut training activities. 269 (speak) clear Chinese, Cristoforetti once told the media that the teams from China and Europe 270 (work) very well together in the field of astronaut training during the joint training. She joined the Italian Air Force in 2001 and 271 (accumulate) more than 500 hours of flight experience. In May 2009, Cristoforetti was one of the six chosen from 8,000 European applicants to join the ESA astronaut corps. 【答案】 262．when/while 263．to share 264．so that 265．As 266．tasked 267．which 268．was signed 269．Speaking 270．were working/worked 271．had accumulated 【导语】本文是篇说明文。第一位意大利女宇航员Samantha Cristoforetti在推特上发布了一首著名的中国古诗来分享自己在太空中飞越地球时的喜悦，并附上了意大利语和英语的翻译，以便让更多的人能够理解。文章介绍了这位女宇航员的工作经历，以及她在中欧载人航天领域合作方面所做出的成绩。 262．考查从属连词。句意：除了“哇”和“太棒了”，在太空中飞越地球上空时你还会说什么?分析句子可知，此处应用从属连词，后接动词的现在分词，作状语；由句意可知，表示“当……时候”，可用连词when或while。故填when/while。 263．考查非谓语动词。句意：第一位进入太空的意大利女宇航员Samantha Cristoforetti在推特上发布了几行著名的中国古文来分享她的喜悦。由句中谓语动词“posted”可知，此处应为非谓语动词，与“Samantha Cristoforetti”形成主动关系，表示发布古诗的目的，作目的状语，故应用动词不定式。故填to share。 264．考查从属连词。句意：她首先用中文写，然后附上了准确的意大利语和英语翻译，以便更多人能够理解中国古文。分析句子可知，此处应为从属连词，引导状语从句；根据句意，表示“为了、以便”，故应用从属连词so that，引导目的状语从句。故填so that。 265．考查介词。句意：作为首个进入太空的意大利女宇航员，Cristoforetti于2014年11月23日执行了她的第一次太空任务。分析句子可知，此处应为介词，后接名词短语“the first Italian female astronaut ”，在句中作状语；根据句意可知，应表示“作为”，故用介词as，首字母大写。故填As。 266．考查非谓语动词。句意：她是一个工作组成员，负责与中国同行保持联系，以确定和实施宇航员行动领域的合作。由句中系动词“was”可知，task应为非谓语动词，作定语修饰“a working group member”，并与其形成被动关系，故应用过去分词形式。故填tasked。 267．考查定语从句的关系词。句意：2017年，她参加了中国航天员中心在黄海组织的海上生存演习，这是中外航天员在中国的首次联合训练。分析句子可知，此处应为关系词，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“a sea survival exercise”，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which。故填which。 268．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2015年，中欧签署了载人航天领域的合作协议，明确了中国和欧洲参与彼此的宇航员培训活动。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词，由“in 2015”可知，应用一般过去时；主语为“An agreement”，与“sign”之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态，且谓语动词为单数。故填was signed。 269．考查非谓语动词。句意：说着清晰的中文，Cristoforetti曾对媒体表示，此次联合训练中，中欧团队在航天员训练领域合作非常好。根据句中谓语动词“told”可知，此处应为非谓语动词，与主语“Cristoforetti”之间为主动关系，作伴随状语，故应用现在分词形式；句首第一个字母大写。故填Speaking。 270．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：说着清晰的中文，Cristoforetti曾对媒体表示，此次联合训练中，中欧团队在航天员训练领域合作非常好。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词；根据句中“told”及句意可知，应用过去进行时或一般过去时，表示“正在合作”或“已合作”得非常好；主语是“the teams”，所以在过去进行时中谓语动词应用复数。故填were working/worked。 271．考查动词时态。句意：她于2001年加入意大利空军，之前已积累了超过500小时的飞行经验。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词；根据“joined”及事实可知，Cristoforetti在加入空军之前就已积累了超过500小时的飞行经验，故应用过去完成时。故填had accumulated。 话题 6 自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市长宁区·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Babies are less afraid when they can scent their mothers Babies feel relieved by the presence of their mother’s scent, according to research that looked at how their brains respond to fear. The idea behind it is 31 a familiar scent can comfort babies. “Some doctors tell new mums to put a(n) 32 (wear) T-shirt in the bed with their baby,” says Sarah Jessen at the University of Lubeck in Germany. 33 (investigate) whether this works, Jessen presented photos of happy and fearful facial expressions to seventy six 7-month-old babies — the age by which they 34 (develop) their fear response. Each of the babies viewed the photos while they 35 (introduce) to either the familiar scent of their mother or a stranger’s scent. Jessen also measured electrical signals in the babies’ brains 36 (use) an EEG cap (脑电帽). Before the experiment, all the babies’ mothers were given a cotton T-shirt, 37 they slept in for three nights in a row. The mothers 38 use their normal shampoo and soap but were asked not to use any new products. 39 (see) photographs of fearful facial expressions usually generates a fear response in babies, which includes a specific pattern of electrical activity in their brains. Jessen found that those who could scent their mother didn’t have this pattern, 40 those who sensed a stranger’s scent did. These results suggest that a baby’s experience of scent can influence fear processing in their brain. Jessen says she wants to find out whether babies have a similar response to their father’s scent or to the scent of other people who they spend time 41 . She says research like this helps us understand how babies perceive the world and 42 influences their development. This understanding could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for helping babies. 【答案】 31．that 32．worn 33．To investigate 34．have developed 35．were introduced 36．using 37．which/that 38．could 39．Seeing 40．whereas/while 41．with 42．what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了婴儿对母亲气味反应的研究及其发现。 31．考查表语从句。句意：这个想法背后的原因是熟悉的气味可以安慰婴儿。本空引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 32．考查形容词。句意：德国吕贝克大学的Sarah Jessen说：“一些医生告诉新妈妈们，把一件穿过的T恤和宝宝一起放在床上。”本空修饰名词T-shirt，应用形容词，作定语。wear的形容词为worn“穿过的”。故填worn。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了调查这是否有效，Jessen向76名7个月大的婴儿展示了快乐和恐惧的面部表情的照片——到这个年龄，他们已经形成了恐惧反应。本句谓语动词是presented，空格处应填非谓语动词形式。此处作目的状语，应用investigate“调查”的不定式，句首单词首字母大写。故填To investigate。 34．考查时态。句意：为了调查这是否有效，Jessen向76名7个月大的婴儿展示了快乐和恐惧的面部表情的照片——到这个年龄，他们已经形成了恐惧反应。develop“形成”。本空为by which引导的定语从句的谓语，此处表示到这个年龄为止，他们已经形成了恐惧反应，时态应用现在完成时，主语为they，助动词用have。故填have developed。 35．考查动词语态。句意：每个婴儿在接触到母亲熟悉的气味或陌生人的气味时都会看到这些照片。本空为while引导的时间状语从句的谓语，主句中的谓语动词是viewed，时态为一般过去时，时间状语从句时态也应用一般过去时。introduce“引见，初次了解”和从句主语they之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was/were done。主语为they，be动词用were。故填were introduced。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：Jessen还用脑电图帽测量了婴儿大脑中的电信号。measure为句子的谓语动词，空格处应填非谓语动词形式。use“使用”与其逻辑主语Jessen之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填using。 37．考查定语从句。句意：在实验之前，所有婴儿的母亲都得到了一件棉质T恤，她们连续三个晚上都穿着它睡觉。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为a cotton T-shirt，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作in的宾语，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 38．考查情态动词。句意：母亲们可以使用她们通常使用的洗发水和肥皂，但要求她们不要使用任何新产品。本空为情态动词，后接动词原形use。此处表示“能够”，且根据but were可知，应用情态动词can的过去式could。故填could。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：看到恐惧的面部表情的照片通常会在婴儿身上产生恐惧反应，这包括他们大脑中一种特定的电活动模式。本句谓语为generates，此处为非谓语动词，应用see“看见”的动名词，作主语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Seeing。 40．考查连词。句意：Jessen发现，那些能闻到母亲气味的人没有这种模式，而那些能闻到陌生人气味的人却有。本空连接两个句子，前后句子之间是对比关系，应用连词whereas或while“然而”。故填whereas或while。 41．考查介词。句意：Jessen说，她想知道婴儿对他们的父亲的气味，或者对他们花时间相处的人的气味是否有类似的反应。spend time with sb.“花时间和某人在一起”。此处表示“和”，应用介词with，符合题意。故填with。 42．考查宾语从句。句意：她说，像这样的研究有助于我们了解婴儿是如何感知世界的，以及它是如何影响他们的发展的。空格处引导宾语从句，与how babies perceive the world并列，从句作understand的宾语，从句缺少主语，且指物，用what引导。故填what。 Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市浦东区南汇中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Mirror, Mirror, on the Wall: Can Animals Recognize Their Reflection at All? Daniel Povinelli was in high school when he first read about an experiment published in 1970. It left a deep impression 202 him as it showed that chimpanzees, rather than monkeys, can recognize themselves in mirrors. All it took was a simple mirror 203 (reveal) that our close chimpanzee relatives are self-aware. This famous mirror self-recognition experiment was conducted in the 1960s by scientist Gordon Gallup, Jr. No such tests had been done before 204 people had long observed animals interacting with mirrors. In this experiment, the chimps originally tried to attack the image in the mirror. But after a couple of days, they began using the mirror to examine parts of their bodies such as their teeth. He then anesthetized(使麻醉) them and put red dye on their face. The chimps later woke up and reacted to the unexpected mirror image as if they 205 understand that the marks were on their own faces. In Gallup’s view, passing this test proved that the chimps had self-awareness, which was an evolutionary leap 206 (make) only by humans and their close relatives and led to empathy and higher-level thinking. Though convinced at first, Povinelli now holds a different view on what animals may be doing after spending years 207 (commit) himself to studying mirrors and higher-order consciousness for years. He holds that animals may have a 208 (complicated) sense of their own body’s movement than we imagine. With that kind of physical self-concept, a chimp could use a mirror as a tool to examine its body. But that wouldn’t indicate anything about the richness of the animal’s inner life. Recent research also shows monkeys can actually learn to perform this skill, if they 209 (give) the proper training. Povinelli says people 210 live with cats and dogs tend to project their own understanding of the world onto their pets. Since they can’t directly ask 211 their pets are experiencing, their projection is very likely to be wrong. 【答案】 202．on 203．to reveal 204．even if 205．could 206．made 207．committing 208．more complicated 209．are given 210．who 211．what 【导语】 这是一篇议论文。文章就动物是否能够认出镜子中的自己展开讨论。 202．考查介词。句意：这给他留下了深刻的印象，因为这表明黑猩猩，而不是猴子，可以在镜子中认出自己。leave a deep impression on为固定短语，意为“给……留下深刻印象”。故填on。 203．考查非谓语动词。句意：只需要一面简单的镜子就能揭示我们的近亲黑猩猩有自我意识。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to reveal。 204．考查状语从句。句意：在此之前，即使人们长期观察动物与镜子的互动，也没有人做过这样的实验。上文提到“没有人做过这样的实验”，下文提到“人们长期观察动物与镜子的互动”，上下文之间形成转折关系，需用even if引导让步状语从句。故填even if。 205．考查情态动词。句意：黑猩猩后来醒来，对这个意外的镜像做出反应，就好像它们能明白这些标记是在它们自己的脸上一样。此处表示“好像它们能够明白”，表示“能够”需用情态动词could。故填could。 206．考查非谓语动词。句意：在盖洛普看来，通过这项测试证明了黑猩猩具有自我意识，这是只有人类及其近亲才能实现的进化飞跃，并导致了同理心和更高层次的思考。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，evolutionary leap和make为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填made。 207．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然波维内利一开始深信不疑，但在花了数年时间致力于研究镜子和高阶意识之后，他现在对动物可能在做什么有了不同的看法。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“花费时间做某事”，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填committing。 208． 考查形容词比较级。句意：他认为，动物对自身身体运动的感知可能比我们想象的更为复杂。空处需填形容词作定语修饰名词sense，结合空后的“than”可知，此处用形容词比较级。故填more complicated。 209．考查动词时态语态。句意：最近的研究还表明，如果给予猴子适当的训练，它们实际上可以学会表演这项技能。if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时，主语they和give为被动关系，需用被动语态，be动词用are。故填are given。 210．考查定语从句。句意：波维内利说，和猫狗一起生活的人倾向于把自己对世界的理解投射到他们的宠物身上。空处引导定语从句，先行词people，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 211．考查宾语从句。句意：因为他们不能直接问他们的宠物正在经历什么，他们的预测很可能是错误的。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 语法填空 话题1 科技与社会现象 话题4 运动与健康 话题2 社会服务与人际沟通 话题5 文化传统 话题3 教育成长与校园生活 话题6 自然生态 话题1 科技与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市建平中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chang’e-6 Takes Off from the Moon’s Far Side The ascender of China’s Chang’e-6 probe (航空探测器) lifted off from the lunar surface on Tuesday morning, carrying samples collected from the moon’s far side, 1 unprecedented achievement in human lunar exploration history. The Chang’e-6 probe, 2 (consist) of an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a returner — like its predecessor Chang’e-5 — was launched on May 3. Its lander-ascender combination touched down at 3 was designated as the landing area in the South Pole in June 2. The spacecraft finished its intelligent and rapid sampling work, and the samples were put in a container inside the ascender of the probe as planned. “The mission 4 (withstand) the test of high temperature on the far side of the moon,” said the China National Space Administration (CNSA). It adopted two methods of moon sampling, including using a drill to collect subsurface samples and grabbing samples on the surface 5 a robotic arm. It automatically gathered diverse samples at different sites. After the sampling was completed, a Chinese flag carried by the lander 6 (unfold) for the first time on the far side of the moon. Unlike takeoff on Earth, the ascender could not rely on a launch tower system, and the lander acted as a temporary “launching pad” instead. Chang’e-6’s takeoff from the far side of the moor can’t copy the Chang’e-5 ascent from the near side of the moon, 7 it could not receive direct ground control and support. It 8 use its special sensors to achieve autonomous positioning and orientation, with the assistance of Queqiao-2 for communication. Compared with Chang’e-5, Chang’e-6, 9 has witnessed improvements in the autonomy and reliability of its navigation, tackles the challenges posed by the uncertainties of the moon’s far side during its takeoff and ascent. The control system of Chang’e-6 has also been enhanced to improve its autonomy, making it possible for lunar takeoff and ascent 10 (complete) with reduced reliance on relay satellite and ground support. Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·上海市徐汇区·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A．I. -Generated Picture Won Art Prize Jason Allen’s A．I. -generated work, “Theatre D’opera Spatial,” took first place in the digital category at the Colorado State Fair, making it one of the first A．I. -generated pieces to win such a prize, and setting off a fierce backlash (反对) from artists who accused him of, essentially, cheating. 11 (reach) by phone on Wednesday, Mr. Allen defended his work He said that he had made clear that his work — which   12 (submit) under the name “Jason M. Allen via Midjourney” — was created using A．I., and that he hadn’t deceived (欺骗) 13   about its origins. “I’m not going to apologize 14 it,” he said. “I won, and I didn’t break any rules.” Mr. Allen, 39, began experimenting with A．I.-generated art this year. He runs a studio which makes tabletop games, and he was curious how the new breed of A．I. image generators would compare with the human artists. This summer, he got invited 15 (test) Midjourney, a new AI-powered tool that can turn text into custom images. Mr. Allen became obsessed, creating hundreds of images and marveling at how realistic they were. 16 he typed, Midjourney seemed capable of making it. Eventually, Mr. Allen got the idea to submit one of his Midjourney creations to the Colorado State Fair.” “The fair was coming up,” he said, “and I thought: How wonderful would it be to demonstrate to people how great this art is?” Several weeks later, while walking the fairground in Pueblo, Mr. Allen saw a blue ribbon 17 (hang) next to his piece. He had won the division, along with a $300 prize. “I couldn’t believe it,” he said. “I felt like: this is exactly 18 I set out to accomplish.” After his win, Mr. Allen posted a photo of his prize work to the Internet, 19 it sparked a furious backlash. Mr. Allen, the blue-ribbon winner, said he empathized with artists who were scared that A．I. tools would put them out of work. But he said their anger   20 be directed not at individuals who use DALL-E 2 or Midjourney to make art but at companies that choose to replace human artists with A．I. tools. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海市闵行六校·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Black Myth: Wukong Review — A Fantastically Exciting Action Game Black Myth: WuKong is a video game obsessed with impressive sights — but inspiring awe requires confidence. Such self-confidence is a rarity in big-budget games, 21 concerns about mainstream acceptability often inspire fear instead. Thanks to its advanced graphics, Black Myth: Wukong looks 22 it belonged to the blockbusters (大片), but this action game is actually the product of a Chinese game developer, Game Science. The game originated from the 16th-century East Asian novel Journey to the West. You play as a stone monkey, SumWukong — or at least a character based on him; Whether it actually is Wukong is left up to interpretation. In the original story, Wukong is said 23 (possess) incredible strength and speed. He can also make copies of 24 , too. Wukong is not 25 open-world game: there’s no mini map dotted with tasks. Every new area comes with the possibility of getting lost, but the line between anxiety and excitement is thin. Wukong captures the charm of exploration better than games that show off the illusion of vastness, only to reduce their impressive world into a collection of map icons. 26 (minimize) the menu time envelops you more thoroughly in the marvelous landscapes. Black Myth: Wukong has been enormously successful. Journey to the West is a tale with a proven track record, but in the late decades no other adaptations of the novel 27 (sell) 10 million copies in the span of just a few days. For some westerners, it seems to have come as a surprise that a game like this could come from a country 28 (know) for mobile games. It is as if the weight of an entire country’s cultural export has been placed on a developer 29 practically nobody would even have been able to name prior to this game’s release, and Game Science is clearly unused to the scrutiny (审视) it has received. But to look at Black Myth: Wukong purely through the lens of market sizes and tastes 30 (be) a harm that hides the most critical fact of all: it’s a fantastic game. Passage 4 （23-24学年高二上·上海市黄浦区·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Information Society Once upon a time societies were organized around religion, farming, trade or industry. In many parts of the world today this is still true, but something else is becoming more important -the exchange of information and the technology that we use to do this. Twenty-four-hour news, e-commerce, international call centres, mobile phones, positioning systems…all these 31 (make) the world smaller and faster. The growth in telecommunications is now giving more and more people access to the science that will help their country to develop or to the medical knowledge that can fight disease. The world is becoming more and more like a village, 32 people only dreamed of a generation ago. But how can everybody in the world share the recent technological advances? Millions of people cannot read these words 33 they don’t have access to a computer. They don’t understand English either, the language that around half of the information on the Internet is 34 (write) in. They don’t even have a telephone. They are more worried about how far they will have to walk today to get clean water or if they can feed themselves and their families. For most people on this planet, information is not a priority. The contrast between countries that have information technology and 35 that don’t is called the ‘digital divide’. Scandinavia and South East Asia have a high number of people who use information communication technologies (ICT) . Central Africa and the Pacific have relatively very few. The United Nations is trying to make the information society 36 reality for more of the developing world. It wants to see rich countries 37 (transfer) new technology and knowledge to poorer nations. This will improve medical care and education, science and agriculture, business opportunities and employment. At the same time, they say, local communities, languages and cultures will become much 38 (strong). Passage 5 （23-24学年高二上·上海市进才中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The internet and its cultural impact are most often viewed through the lens of the “tech bro”. Biographies, and memoirs about these big-tech bosses have shaped readers’ understanding of 39 the online world changes the offline one. But these books rarely mention the principal figures who have shaped the experience of being online: social-media influencers. Influencers—the (usually female) people behind the most popular accounts on Instagram, TikTok and YouTube—have large followings, often in the hundreds of thousands or millions. People like Jackie Aina, Matilda Djerf and Molly-Mae Hague earn a living from a combination of sponsored posts, commissions 40 (make) through associate links and by creating their own brands, from fake tan to eyeshadows. Though they shape digital culture, too often influencers 41 (dismiss) as fame-hungry celebrities, who post about the details of their lives and mindlessly promote branded products for eye-watering sums. But a new crop of books takes the influencer industry 42 (seriously) by exploring the way social media’s most popular users are reshaping the global economy and changing what the average person views online. Taylor Lorenz, 43 technology writer for the Washington Post, is a leading voice on social-media trends and internet culture. Her book, “Extremely Online”, argues that influencers hold huge power: “Tech founders may control the source code, 44 it is users who shape the product.” Charting the history of the influencer from the 1990s to today, Ms. Lorenz argues influencers rose by making fame and luxury less “sealed off”. Like reality-TV stars, early influencers created a new, niche sort of celebrity, popular enough 45 (draw) attention but still unrecognizable to most. Ms. Lorenz makes the case that, despite its bad rap, influencing has “given more people the chance to benefit directly from their labor than at any other time in history”, 46 (entertain) readers with stories about “mommy bloggers” turning the pain of parenthood into six-figure businesses and teens becoming multi-millionaires through short comedy skits. Some experts estimate as much as 90% of online content could be AI-generated by 2026. 47 the number of believable posts and photos produced by AI soars, influencers will face significantly more competition for internet users’ attention. No influencer, 48 skilled they have proved to be at using the internet to gain popularity and profits in the past, is guaranteed to retain any kind of influence in the next technological transformation. Passage 6 （22-23学年高二上·上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. ‘Permacrisis’ — the 2022 Word of the Year Over the last few years, it’s seemed like the “new normal” keeps getting weirder and darker as historical events pile up. This month the Collins Dictionary acknowledged our apparent entry into ever darker timelines by naming “permacrisis” its 2022 Word of the Year. Collins defines the word as a(n) “ 49 (extend) period of instability and insecurity, especially one 50 (result) from a series of catastrophic events.” You can pick from an existential mixture of catastrophic event 51 (justify) the use of the term, from the COVID pandemic to Russia’s war on Ukraine to extreme weather worsened by climate change. “Permacrisis is a term that perfectly embodies the dizzying sense of moving from one unprecedented event to 52 , as we wonder sadly what new horrors might be around the corner,” David Shariatmadari said in a “permacrisis” blog post for Collins on Nov. 1. “Much more of this 53 we might have forgotten what stability and security ever felt like.” The word isn’t brand new this year. A quick search 54 find references at least as far back as the mid-1990s, which makes sense as it’s a handy suitcase for any particularly stubborn situation. “Permacrisis signals not only a loss of faith in progress, but also a new realism 55 relation to what people can cope with and achieve,” Neil Turnbull, a Nottingham Trent University philosophy professor, writes on the academia-focused site The Conversation. “Our crises 56 (become) so complex and deep-seated that they can go beyond our capacity to understand them. Any decision to tackle them risks only 57 (make) things worse.” It turns out that some other words and phrases 58 were chosen for this year’s honor are also tied to the mounting sense of permacrisis, including “quiet quitting”, the oft-mispronounced Ukrainian capital Kyiv and “vibe shift.” Here’s hoping the latter becomes more prominent real soon. 话题2 社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市嘉定区封浜高级中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. About 18 months ago, my father was in hospital recovering from a lung operation. My mother had recently passed away, and my father had taken the loss of his partner of 55 years and had lost interest 59 life. 60 (try) to get him to eat each day was quite a chore as he didn’t want anything. The one thing, however, that he would ask us to bring him was ice-cream. One evening, to our surprise, he refused 61 (eat) the ice-cream, so I placed it in a staff room freezer. A little while later, my son decided he wanted it, so I fetched it for him. As I passed another ward, a woman asked, “Are there more ice-cream?” 62 I had explained the situation, she apologized. She then said that she had cancer and could eat very little, other than the occasional ice-cream. The next morning, I decided to buy two ice-creams. On the way to Dad’s room, I stopped in at the sick woman’s room and offered her the ice-cream I’d bought for her. She was totally surprised at what I 63 (think) for her, and accepted the gift with tears in her eyes. I spoke with her for a few minutes, 64 (explain) what was happening in my family and listened to her similar story of pain and suffering. 65 was clear that she didn’t have many visitors, and the ice-cream and our short chat meant a great deal to her. I repeated the gesture a few days later. The woman, 66 face was pale, thanked me again. I thought she 67 be very lonely. This time, I, 68 (reward) with a big hug, realized that an act of kindness can be more rewarding when you give it, rather than receive it. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that 69 (nice) men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered driver is the exception 70 the rule. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience 71 (resist) the temptation to take revenge when 72 (subject) to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way to 73 (relieve) the tightness of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in response to 74 act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and calm so necessary in modern traffic conditions. However, misplaced politeness 75 also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street to following traffic, 76 a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles 77 may be unable to stop in time. A veteran driver told me it would help if drivers learnt to filter correctly into traffic stream one at a time without causing total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Years ago, experts warned us that explosion in car ownership 78 (demand) more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·上海市育才中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. City streets are littered with all kinds of refuse. On just about every street and sidewalk, one can find old newspaper, crushed cans, food wrappers, and discarded cigarettes, not to mention blobs (斑点) of old chewing gum 79 (stick) on walls, street poles, and on the ground. Of all these, gum is one of the hardest things to clean up. In its attempt 80 (clean) discarded gum off the streets and sidewalks, the authorities in London have tried everything from tools that shoot high-pressure water and steam to various kinds of chemicals 81 dissolve the gum. But nothing seems to work. The streets 82 (dot) with unattractive blobs of the stuff. Or at least they were unattractive 83 Ben Wilson came along. Ben Wilson is an artist on a mission. He wants to make good use of 84 others have thrown away and no one else wants: old chewing gum. When Mr. Wilson finds gum on the ground, down he goes with his painting supplies and sets out to create a work of art. He uses the discarded blobs of old gum 85 canvases (画布) for his mini paintings. After finishing a work, Mr. Wilson takes a picture of 86 for his archive. 87 (paint) all the gum on the streets of London could be a never-ending task for Ben Wilson. On a single street like High Street Barnet, it took him more than one month to paint all of the gum that he found in just three blocks. And new canvases are being spit out every day on streets. But he does not seem worried. As he told a reporter in one interview, “I’m just going to keep painting and see 88 the enthusiasm takes me.” 话题 3 教育成长与校园生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Tech-Free Classroom: Fostering Deep Learning and Interaction Like many other people, I love my smart phone, which keeps me connected with 89 (large) world. I also love my laptop, because it holds all of my writing and thoughts. However, I know there are times 90 I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others. On occasion, I teach 91 course called History Matters to a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. 92 I want students to thoroughly study the materials and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom, I have a rule — no laptop, iPads, phones, etc. When students 93 (tell) my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy. Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There’s a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am anti-technology. There’s no truth in that at all. The real reason why I ask students 94 (leave) technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we 95 have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within 96 for inspiration and ideas. I 97 (teach) my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course materials 98 the classroom. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海普陀区长征中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How can we help students do better at school? Researchers at the University of Nevada designed a simple experiment to see 99 the lecturer’s attractiveness has any impact on how much of the lecture students remember or not. Here’s how the experiment was carried out. The researchers asked 131 college students 100 (listen) to a recording of a 20-minute introductory physics lecture. The students were randomly assigned to a male or female lecturer, each of 101 read exactly the same text. While the lecture was playing, a computer screen displayed a photo of the lecturer--who was highly attractive in some cases and not as eye-catching in others.Taking notes 102 (not allow) in the course. After the lecture, participants 103 (get) a 25-question quiz on the lecture. For those who had an attractive instructor, the average score was 18.27; for those 104 an ordinary instructor, the average was 16.68. The researchers said that gap was not huge, but it was statistically significant. Participants were asked to evaluate the lecturers after 105 (test) on the material and they generally agreed about the attractiveness of the lecturers. So do the new findings mean that schools 90 hire better-looking teachers? R.Shane Westfal, the lead author of the new paper, notes that 106 the performance differences in his study amounted to (总计；等于) about half of a better grade, teacher training, experience and dedication would probably make a bigger difference. Interestingly, earlier studies have found that good-looking people are 107 (likely) to get involved in almost any context--suggesting that schools may have hired the more attractive teachers. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海师范大学附属中学宝山分校、闵行分校·期末） Directions:After reading the passage below, ,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How good are you at maths? Some people love the challenge of algebra or enjoy working out number puzzles such as Sudoko. Maths is all around us, from working out how to split the bill after a meal, to 108 (calculate) your household bills. But many fear the moment 109 they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry and confusion. It can seem  daunting, but  this ‘maths anxiety’ is perfectly normal, and you’re definitely not alone. And anyway, our worries and fears don’t necessarily reflect our ability. The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be 110 (likely) to be affected. The Programme for International Student Assessment found around 31%of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems, 33% said they got  tense doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is critical, especially 111 a young age”. She thinks the key is 112 (get) people, especially women, who love teaching maths to younger children. Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says “It’s not clear 113 maths arouses so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there’s a right or wrong answer — there’s no room for bluffing — 114   make you more worried about underperforming.” And 115 we assume we’re not a ‘maths person’, we avoid solving things that we probably could do. Psychologists 116 (try) to work out why mental arithmetic can bring us out in a sweat. That seed of fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that expressing your fears can loosen 117 control on you, and encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat. Ideally, we need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance. Passage 4 （22-23学年高二上·上海市青浦高级中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It is said that Chinese New Year started in ancient times, 118 the Chinese people were hounded by a mythical beast called the ‘Nian’. The Nian would visit every New Year day to gobble up all their livestock, crops and even people! 119 (scare) and tormented, the villagers left food 120 their houses for the Nian, in the hope that it would leave them be once it had been fed. One day, the villagers noticed that the Nian was afraid of 121 but a small child wearing 122 color red. From that day on, red lanterns, firecrackers and scrolls were used 123 (frighten) the Nian away and it never came back! Each Chinese year 124 (name) after one of the 12 animals on the Chinese Zodiac. The zodiac is a repeating 12-year cycle and is shown as a wheel, split into12 sections, each 125 (contain) an animal. The Chinese Zodiac and its 12 animals all link to certain years of the Lunar calendar. The year 2020 was the year of the rat, 2021 was the year of the ox and 2022 the year of the tiger. These animals all came to be ranked by a legendary race 126 they all took part in by crossing a river. The rat won the race through trickery and people who are born in the year of the rat 127 (say) to be very cunning. From first to last, the animals finished in this order: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. 话题 4 运动与健康 （24-25学年高二上·上海市上海大学附属中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Quality Sleep Protects Your Brain Having trouble thinking creatively? Not able to focus on tasks that need to get done? Poor sleep could potentially be 128 (blame). It turns out lack of sleep can do a number on your brain-and not just in the short term. Research suggests not getting enough quality sleep can have serious permanent negative consequences. On the other hand, good sleep habits can have lasting benefits. Below 129 (be) three research-backed brain benefits of sleep. Stimulates creativity Thinking in new, imaginative ways requires a well-rested brain. On the contrary, a brain 130 (suffer) from a lack of sleep is unable to think creatively. A study 131 (report) in the journal Nature bears this out. For the study, participants learned a task 132 they had to recognize a hidden pattern in the questions they were asked. Their initial training 133 (follow) by eight hours of nighttime sleep or wakefulness or daytime wakefulness. More than twice as many participants gained insight into the hidden rule after sleep as those who did after wakefulness, regardless of the time of day. The researchers concluded that “sleep, by restructuring new memory representations, facilitates obtaining of expressive knowledge and insightful behavior.” Reduces depression Often influenced by chemical imbalances in the brain, depression and sleep problems go hand-in-hand. People with depression may 134 have a hard time sleeping or else get too much sleep. While it’s not clear 135 lack of sleep causes depression, it can worsen it. Studies show people who sleep fewer than six or more than nine hours a night are more likely to be depressed than those 136 between. Solidifies memories One of sleep’s main functions is to help improve memory. It does this by enabling the brain to strengthen some neural pathways (神经通路) 137 reducing those it doesn’t need. For example, your brain doesn’t need to keep every sensory impression collected during your waking hours. Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·上海行知中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sleep Is Your Superpower Did you know that you have the ability to reduce your chances of having a car accident, improve your ability to fight off illnesses, and decrease your risk factors for heart disease and Alzheimer’s? Yes. Everyone has that superpower, in fact, we use it every day — sleep. Sleep is one of the most powerful activities 138 our bodies undergo. Often times, sleep is thought of as a passive process in which we merely lie in bed and wake up the next morning, with 139 happening in between. This could not be 140 (far) from the truth. Sleep is vital for learning and for the formation of new memories, growth, and development. The American Society of Sleep Medicine advises adults 141 (get) at least 7 hours of sleep each night. Matthew Walker, 142 professor of Sleep at the University of California, argues that sleep is the foundation for good health. A lack of sleep puts you at risk of cardiovascular problems, 143 heart attacks, strokes, arrhythmias and heart failure. In a 2011 study, it 144 (report) that lack of sleep increases a person’s risk of getting or dying from heart disease by 45%. When we sleep, the heart relaxes and starts to pump blood at a lower pressure. However, when you do not get enough sleep, your blood pressure goes up and your heart does not relax. This is partly 145 people who do not get enough sleep are at higher risk of high blood pressure or hypertension. In a study carried out in the US, 146 they deliberately infected test subjects with another type of Coronavirus (rhinovirus — responsible for the common cold), it was observed that subjects who got at least 7 or more hours of sleep at night were 4 times less likely 147 (infect), while those who got less than 7 hours were reported to have a lower number of T-killer cells responsible for eliminating foreign invaders from the body. The immune system is particularly boosted during slow-wave sleep stage. Passage 6 （22-23学年高二上·上海行知中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Among various events organized by our company, the marathon impresses me most. The most unforgettable scene 148 (happen) in my first year of work, when I witnessed a silver-haired man in his 80s walk slowly toward the finishing line accompanied by two nurses. It was at that moment 149 I was deeply moved. I realized 150 marathon spirit stands for — perseverance, willpower, self-proving and self-breakthrough. I took part in the Nike Women’s Half Marathon in Washington DC this year. It was my first half marathon. The moment I passed over the bridge, runners from the opposite direction gave me high fives with an unspoken understanding, 151 (allow) me to forget fatigue and regain energy instantly. There were many times 152 I wanted to quit. But runners around me, as well as the spectators along the road, always encouraged me. In the last 500 meters, feeling sick in the stomach because of the cold wind, I slowed my pace and intended 153 (walk). A woman shouted at me: “Hey, you are almost there. Come on girl! You’re doing a great job.” I started to run again 154 powered by those words. And finally I made it. Running is flesh-and-blood and not just mechanical movements. Thus, I can’t help but 155 (become) more considerate about runners when organizing races. I wish to create a far 156 (favorable) running environment, offer better services and help 157 (they) achieve the results they expect — happily, conveniently and comfortably. 话题 5 文化传统 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市黄浦区上海市大同中学·期末） A skywell, or “tian jing” (天井) in Mandarin, is a typical feature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China. Different from a northern Chinese courtyard, or “yuan zi” (院子), a skywell is smaller and less 158 (expose) to the outdoor environment. They are commonly seen in homes 159 (date)  back to Ming Dynasty, which 160 (design) to house different generations of relatives, according to a 2010 paper published by the Journal of Nanchang University in China. Skywells emerged as a solution for cooling buildings in an era well 161 air-conditioning existed. When wind blows above a skywell house, it can enter the indoor space through the opening. Because outdoor air is often 162 (cool), the incoming breeze travels down the walls to the lower stories and creates airflows by 163 (replace) warmer indoor air, which rises and leaves through the opening. Although skywell buildings have existed in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they seem 164 (forget) by people who prefer modern facilities. Over the past two decades, however, 165 166 a rebirth of traditional Chinese architecture, skywell buildings have been making a comeback, The 68-storey Dongguan TBA Tower in Guangdong province, for example, brings natural airflows to every floor with internal “windpipes” 167 function in a similar way to skywells. Ancient “green wisdom” continues to inspire today’s climate adaptive designs and innovations in passive cooling. That’s 168 skywells have gained more attention from modern Chinese people. Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市青浦高级中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Are you the kind of person who hated school? Or are you more like Michael Nicholson, who can’t stop learning? He currently has 30 degrees including 22 master’s and a doctorate! 169 you’re also passionate about studying, you might be a philomath — a person who loves to learn and study. The word comes 170 Greek with ‘phil’ meaning ‘a lover of’ and ‘math’ meaning ‘learning’. Humans are all philomaths to an extent — our brain 171 (hardwire) to be curious. We want to learn and understand, partly to make sense of the world but also 172 something called neoteny. This is a term that refers to the juvenile characteristics of some animals, including humans, being retained into adulthood. One of these traits is neuroplasticity, which helps our brains stay flexible — this gives us the ability 173 (learn) throughout our lives. Many creatures which are genetically close to us, 174 primates, can’t do this and only learn during their adolescence. But for every person who loves learning, there are plenty 175 can’t stand it. Lots of people remember their school days as being boring or even pointless. Why is this? Educational anthropologists have suggested that if a concept or idea is too complex or dull, it becomes harder to link old and new ideas together. If that’s the case, we lose motivation and absorb 176 (little) information. This negative experience of education at school 177 lead to people avoiding learning opportunities in later life. So, don’t let a bad educational experience prevent you learning 178 new as an adult. Evolution has made us lifelong learners, so take advantage of your biology and discover your inner philomath. Who knows what you could achieve? Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·上海市奉贤区致远高级中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Italian astronaut shows beauty of ancient Chinese composition in space Besides “Wow” and “Great,” what else would you say 179 flying over the Earth in space? Samantha Cristoforetti, the first Italian female astronaut in space, posted several lines of a famous ancient Chinese composition on Twitter 180 (share) her joy. She first wrote in Chinese, and then attached an accurate translation of the lines in both Italian and English 181 more people could understand the Chinese composition. She also attached three photos taken in space of China’s Bohai Bay and the day-night view of Beijing, the country’s capital. 182 the first Italian female astronaut in space, Cristoforetti carried out her first space mission on Nov. 23, 2014. She started the second mission in April and returned to Earth on Friday night after a 127-day long stay in orbit. Cristoforetti has been active in Sino-European cooperation in the field of manned spaceflight. She was a working group member 183 (task) with keeping in touch with Chinese counterparts to define and implement cooperation in the field of astronaut operations. In 2017, she took part in a sea survival exercise organized by the Astronaut Center of China in the Yellow Sea, 184 was the first joint training of Chinese and foreign astronauts in China. An agreement 185 (sign) in 2015 between China and Europe on cooperation in the field of manned spaceflight, specifying the participation of China and Europe in each other’s astronaut training activities. 186 (speak) clear Chinese, Cristoforetti once told the media that the teams from China and Europe 187 (work) very well together in the field of astronaut training during the joint training. She joined the Italian Air Force in 2001 and 188 (accumulate) more than 500 hours of flight experience. In May 2009, Cristoforetti was one of the six chosen from 8,000 European applicants to join the ESA astronaut corps. 话题 6 自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市长宁区·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Babies are less afraid when they can scent their mothers Babies feel relieved by the presence of their mother’s scent, according to research that looked at how their brains respond to fear. The idea behind it is 189 a familiar scent can comfort babies. “Some doctors tell new mums to put a(n) 190 (wear) T-shirt in the bed with their baby,” says Sarah Jessen at the University of Lubeck in Germany. 191 (investigate) whether this works, Jessen presented photos of happy and fearful facial expressions to seventy six 7-month-old babies — the age by which they 192 (develop) their fear response. Each of the babies viewed the photos while they 193 (introduce) to either the familiar scent of their mother or a stranger’s scent. Jessen also measured electrical signals in the babies’ brains 194 (use) an EEG cap (脑电帽). Before the experiment, all the babies’ mothers were given a cotton T-shirt, 195 they slept in for three nights in a row. The mothers 196 use their normal shampoo and soap but were asked not to use any new products. 197 (see) photographs of fearful facial expressions usually generates a fear response in babies, which includes a specific pattern of electrical activity in their brains. Jessen found that those who could scent their mother didn’t have this pattern, 198 those who sensed a stranger’s scent did. These results suggest that a baby’s experience of scent can influence fear processing in their brain. Jessen says she wants to find out whether babies have a similar response to their father’s scent or to the scent of other people who they spend time 199 . She says research like this helps us understand how babies perceive the world and 200 influences their development. This understanding could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for helping babies. Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市浦东区南汇中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Mirror, Mirror, on the Wall: Can Animals Recognize Their Reflection at All? Daniel Povinelli was in high school when he first read about an experiment published in 1970. It left a deep impression 201 him as it showed that chimpanzees, rather than monkeys, can recognize themselves in mirrors. All it took was a simple mirror 202 (reveal) that our close chimpanzee relatives are self-aware. This famous mirror self-recognition experiment was conducted in the 1960s by scientist Gordon Gallup, Jr. No such tests had been done before 203 people had long observed animals interacting with mirrors. In this experiment, the chimps originally tried to attack the image in the mirror. But after a couple of days, they began using the mirror to examine parts of their bodies such as their teeth. He then anesthetized(使麻醉) them and put red dye on their face. The chimps later woke up and reacted to the unexpected mirror image as if they 204 understand that the marks were on their own faces. In Gallup’s view, passing this test proved that the chimps had self-awareness, which was an evolutionary leap 205 (make) only by humans and their close relatives and led to empathy and higher-level thinking. Though convinced at first, Povinelli now holds a different view on what animals may be doing after spending years 206 (commit) himself to studying mirrors and higher-order consciousness for years. He holds that animals may have a 207 (complicated) sense of their own body’s movement than we imagine. With that kind of physical self-concept, a chimp could use a mirror as a tool to examine its body. But that wouldn’t indicate anything about the richness of the animal’s inner life. Recent research also shows monkeys can actually learn to perform this skill, if they 208 (give) the proper training. Povinelli says people 209 live with cats and dogs tend to project their own understanding of the world onto their pets. Since they can’t directly ask 210 their pets are experiencing, their projection is very likely to be wrong. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $