专题4 动词和动词短语(讲义)-2026版陕西省(对口招生)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》

2025-12-23
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编写说明:2026陕西省(职教单招)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、省编复习指导及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态,聚焦高频考点,精讲精练,共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的17个专题,助力考生高效复习。同时,为构建完整学习体系,每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题,满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是2026版陕西省(职教单招)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第4个专题,内容为动词、动词短语。 2026版陕西省(对口招生)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题4 动词和动词短语(讲义) 真题分析 (25年) 题型 题号 题目内容 考查的动词 / 动词短语 单项选择 6 He ________ to the training center ... goes、practice 单项选择 10 His parents won’t allow him ________ out late. allow、stay 单项选择 12 The best way to keep fit is to _______ healthy ... keep、develop 单项选择 15 ...a pay rise was turned ________ by his boss. turned down 单项选择 17 Peter ________ his old friend yesterday... came across、shopping 单项选择 18 I’m looking forward to ______ in your ... looking forward to、work 单项选择 19 Great changes ________ in our country for the.. took place 单项选择 20 Helen has spent three hours ________ her term... spent、revise 完形填空 26 ...know the differences 26 their ...... know、cherish 完形填空 27 They spent 27 a few days with a family there. spent 完形填空 28 On their way back home, the father 28 about... wondered 完形填空 31 .... big river with many 31 swimming in it. swimming 完形填空 33 they 33 vegetables in their garden for themselves. buy、grow 完形填空 34 We have walls to protect us, 34 they ... protect、keep 完形填空 35 Dad, thank you for 35 me how poor we are. show ​ 考点预测 · 高频动词短语辨析 ·  动词词义辨析 · 动词固定搭配与句型适配 必考点清单 一、高频动词短语辨析 第一组:take 系列(考试频率最高) 动词短语 核心含义 易混淆短语对比 单招场景例句 take care of 照顾;处理(人 / 事 / 物) vs. look after(侧重 “照顾人”,更口语化) 1. 校园场景:You need to take care of your own study plan.(你需要自己处理学习计划。)2. 职业场景:The nurse takes care of elderly patients.(护士照顾老年患者。) take part in 参加(正式活动 / 会议) vs. join(侧重 “加入组织 / 团队”,如 join the club) 职业场景:All employees must take part in the safety training.(所有员工必须参加安全培训。) take up 1. 占据(空间 / 时间);2. 开始学习 / 从事(职业) vs. take on(侧重 “承担任务”,如 take on a project) 1. 日常场景:The new desk takes up too much space.(新桌子占太多空间。) 2. 职业场景:He decided to take up computer programming after graduation.(他决定毕业后从事计算机编程。) take off 1. (飞机)起飞;2. 脱下(衣物);3. (事业)腾飞 无直接混淆项,但需注意多义性 职业场景:The company's business took off after introducing new technology.(公司引入新技术后业务腾飞。) 第二组:make 系列(侧重职业 / 生活实用搭配) 动词短语 核心含义 易混淆短语对比 单招场景例句 make a decision 做决定(正式 / 重要决策) vs. make up one's mind(语气更强,侧重 “下定决心”) 职业规划:She made a decision to apply for the accounting position.(她决定申请会计岗位。) make sense 有意义;合理(逻辑通顺) vs. make sense of(侧重 “理解”,如 make sense of the report) 沟通场景:Your plan doesn't make sense. Let's revise it.(你的计划不合理,我们修改一下。) make up for 弥补;补偿(过错 / 损失) vs. compensate for(更正式,侧重 “赔偿损失”) 学习场景:He tried to make up for his lazy study by working hard before exams.(他试图通过考前努力弥补懒散的学习状态。) make use of 利用(资源 / 机会) vs. take advantage of(侧重 “利用优势 / 机会”,可含贬义) 职业场景:We should make full use of the company's training resources.(我们应充分利用公司的培训资源。) 第三组:get 系列(生活化 + 职业适配高频) 动词短语 核心含义 易混淆短语对比 单招场景例句 get along with 与…… 相处;进展(工作 / 学习) vs. get on with(含义完全相同,可互换,get on with 更口语化) 1. 人际关系:She gets along well with her colleagues.(她和同事相处融洽。)2. 工作场景:How are you getting along with your project?(你的项目进展如何?) get used to 习惯于(后接名词 /doing) vs. be used to(含义相同,be 动词可替换为 get/become) 适应场景:It takes time to get used to the new working environment.(适应新的工作环境需要时间。) get rid of 摆脱;去除(问题 / 杂物) vs. throw away(侧重 “扔掉实物”,如 throw away rubbish) 问题解决:The technician helped get rid of the machine's fault.(技术员帮忙排除了机器故障。) get in touch with 与…… 取得联系 vs. contact(更正式,直接作动词,如 contact the client) 商务场景:Please get in touch with the customer before the meeting.(开会前请与客户取得联系。) 第四组:look 系列(侧重动作指向 + 场景逻辑) 动词短语 核心含义 易混淆短语对比 单招场景例句 look forward to 期待;盼望(后接名词 /doing) 易错点:to 是介词,不可接原形(如不可说 look forward to see) 职业场景:I'm looking forward to working with your team.(我期待与你们团队合作。) look up 1. 查阅(字典 / 资料);2. 抬头看 vs. look for(侧重 “寻找” 人 / 物) 学习场景:You can look up new words in the dictionary when reading.(阅读时可以查字典找生词。) look after 照顾;照料(人 / 物) vs. take care of(可互换,take care of 更通用,look after 更口语化) 校园场景:The teacher asked her to look after the new student.(老师让她照顾新来的同学。) look through 浏览;快速查看(文件 / 资料) vs. go through(侧重 “仔细审核”,如 go through the contract) 工作场景:He looked through the report before the meeting.(他开会前浏览了一下报告。) 第五组:put 系列(动作性强 + 职业场景适配) 动词短语 核心含义 易混淆短语对比 单招场景例句 put up 1. 举起;张贴(通知 / 海报);2. 提供住宿 vs. put on(侧重 “穿上衣物 / 上演”,如 put on a coat) 1. 校园场景:Put up the notice on the bulletin board.(把通知贴在公告栏上。)2. 职业场景:The company can put up the employees during the training.(公司可为员工提供培训期间的住宿。) put away 收拾;储存(物品) vs. put aside(侧重 “留出时间 / 金钱”,如 put aside money for travel) 日常场景:Please put away your tools after work.(下班后请收拾好工具。) put off 推迟;延期(会议 / 任务) vs. delay(更正式,侧重 “因客观原因延误”,如 delay the flight) 工作场景:We have to put off the meeting because the manager is busy.(因为经理很忙,我们不得不推迟会议。) put forward 提出(建议 / 计划) vs. come up with(含义相同,更口语化,如 come up with an idea) 商务场景:She put forward a new plan to improve work efficiency.(她提出了一项提高工作效率的新计划。) 二、动词词义辨析 (一)、核心考点 聚焦 “含义相近、用法 / 语境不同” 的动词,考查搭配逻辑(动宾适配)、场景适配(职业 / 校园 / 生活)、语义侧重(动作程度 / 目的),不涉及时态语态。 二、高频辨析组(按场景分类) 场景 动词组 核心差异 设备操作 operate/control/manage operate(操作设备)、control(控状态)、manage(管流程) 沟通表达 communicate/inform/negotiate communicate(双向沟通)、inform(单向告知)、negotiate(协商) 完成工作 finish/complete/fulfill finish(完动作)、complete(完任务)、fulfill(履职责) 检查核对 check/examine/inspect check(日常查)、examine(细查细节)、inspect(专业审核) 解决问题 solve/resolve/settle solve(解难题)、resolve(解矛盾)、settle(解纠纷) 三、动词固定搭配与句型适配 (一)、核心考点 考查动词与介词、不定式(to do)、动名词(doing) 的固定搭配,以及与单招常考场景(职业工作、校园生活、沟通表达)的句型适配,不涉及时态语态,侧重搭配规则和语境应用。 (二)、高频搭配分类 搭配类型 核心动词 + 搭配 真题场景例句 动词 + to doing(to 为介词) devote to doing(致力于) She devotes to researching new skills. get used to doing(习惯于) He gets used to working overtime. look forward to doing(期待) They look forward to attending the training. 动词 + to do(不定式) decide to do(决定) She decided to apply for the position. promise to do(承诺) The manager promised to improve service. offer to do(主动提出) He offered to help with the project. 动词 + sb. to do ask sb. to do(要求) The teacher asked students to finish homework. encourage sb. to do(鼓励) Colleagues encouraged her to try again. remind sb. to do(提醒) Remind him to submit the report. 动词 + 介词(for/with 等) apply for(申请) He applied for a job in the company. communicate with(沟通) She communicates with clients regularly. deal with(处理) The technician dealt with the machine fault. 动词 + doing avoid doing(避免) Avoid making mistakes in the operation. practice doing(练习) Practice operating the equipment daily. suggest doing(建议) He suggested holding a meeting. (三)、核心句型适配 It takes sb. time to do sth.(花费某人时间做某事)场景:工作 / 学习规划 → It takes me 2 hours to finish the task. sb. spend time (in) doing sth.(某人花费时间做某事)场景:日常工作 → She spends 1 hour practicing English every day. sb. be willing/ready to do sth.(愿意 / 准备做某事)场景:职业沟通 → He is willing to cooperate with the team. It is important/necessary for sb. to do sth.(对某人来说做某事重要 / 必要)场景:职业要求 → It is necessary for nurses to be patient. 10分钟小测 1.We need to ______ the meeting until next week because the manager is on business. A. put off B. put up C. put away D. put on 【答案】A 【解析】考查 put 系列短语辨析。put off 意为 “推迟”,put up 意为 “举起、张贴”,put away 意为 “收拾”,put on 意为 “穿上、上演”。题干 “经理出差” 提示需 “推迟会议”,故选 A。 2.The new employee is trying to ______ with her colleagues to build good working relationships. A. get along B. get used C. get rid D. get in 【答案】A 【解析】考查 get 系列短语辨析。get along with 意为 “与…… 相处”,get used to 意为 “习惯于”(后接名词 /doing),get rid of 意为 “摆脱”,get in 意为 “进入、收获”。题干 “建立良好工作关系” 提示需 “相处”,故选 A。 3.The technician spent two hours ______ the machine to make sure it works properly. A. checking B. examining C. testing D. inspecting 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。check 侧重 “日常检查”,examine 侧重 “细节分析”,test 侧重 “性能测试”,inspect 侧重 “专业审核(设备 / 产品)”。题干 “技术员确保机器正常运行” 为专业场景,故选 D。 4.Don’t forget ______ the application form before 5 p.m. today. A. to fill in B. filling in C. to fill D. filling 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词固定搭配。forget to do sth. 意为 “忘记要做某事(未做)”,forget doing sth. 意为 “忘记做过某事(已做)”;“填写表格” 需用 fill in the form(固定短语)。题干 “截止下午 5 点” 提示动作未做,故选 A。 5.She decided to ______ a career in nursing because she likes helping people. A. take up B. take part in C. take care of D. take off 【答案】A 【解析】考查 take 系列短语辨析。take up 意为 “从事(职业)、开始学习”,take part in 意为 “参加(活动)”,take care of 意为 “照顾”,take off 意为 “起飞、脱下”。题干 “护理职业” 提示需 “从事”,故选 A。 6.The team leader suggested ______ a meeting to discuss the project plan. A. to hold B. holding C. hold D. held 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词固定搭配。suggest 后接动名词(doing),构成 suggest doing sth.(建议做某事),为固定用法。故选 B。 7.It is necessary for students to ______ the school rules when studying on campus. A. follow B. obey C. observe D. keep 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。follow 侧重 “跟随、遵循(流程)”,obey 侧重 “服从(规则 / 命令)”,observe 侧重 “观察、遵守(习俗)”,keep 侧重 “保持”。题干 “校规” 为正式规则,obey 更贴合 “遵守规章制度” 的语境,故选 B。 8.He ______ a lot of time to learning English because he wants to work in an international company. A. spends B. devotes C. takes D. costs 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词固定搭配与辨析。spend 用法为 spend time (in) doing sth.,devote 用法为 devote time to doing sth.(to 为介词),take 用法为 It takes sb. time to do sth.,cost 主语为物。题干中出现 “to learning”,故选 B。 9.The company will ______ free training for new employees to improve their skills. A. provide B. offer C. supply D. give 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。provide 用法为 provide sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb.,offer 用法为 offer sb. sth./offer sth. to sb.(侧重 “主动提供”),supply 侧重 “供应(物资)”,give 为通用动词(无 “针对性提供” 含义)。题干 “为新员工提供培训” 侧重主动提供,故选 B。 10.After years of hard work, her dream of becoming a doctor finally ______. A. came true B. realized C. achieved D. got true 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语与词义辨析。come true 意为 “实现(梦想 / 愿望)”,为不及物短语(主语为梦想 / 愿望);realize 和 achieve 为及物动词(需接宾语,如 realize a dream);无 get true 搭配。题干主语为 “her dream”,故选 A。 经典试题解析 1.(2025年陕西)1.The employee’s demand for a pay rise was turned ______ by his boss. A. down B. out C. over D. up 【答案】A 【知识点分析】考查动词短语 turn 系列辨析。turn down 意为 “拒绝;调低”,turn out 意为 “结果是;证明”,turn over 意为 “翻转;移交”,turn up 意为 “出现;调高”。本题核心搭配为 “拒绝要求”,故选 A。 【易错分析】易错选 B 或 C,混淆 turn out 的 “结果” 含义与 turn over 的 “移交” 含义,忽略 “拒绝需求” 的固定搭配 turn down。 【命题创新点】结合职场场景(薪资谈判),考查动词短语在职业沟通中的精准使用,符合单招职业导向命题趋势。 【解题关键】提炼题干核心逻辑 “员工加薪需求被老板______”,匹配 turn down “拒绝” 的含义,排除与 “需求处理” 无关的短语。 2.(2025年陕西)Peter ______ his old friend yesterday while he was shopping at the supermarket. A. looked into B. dealt with C. took after D. came across 【答案】D 【知识点分析】考查动词短语辨析。look into 意为 “调查”,deal with 意为 “处理”,take after 意为 “长得像;效仿”,come across 意为 “偶然遇见”。题干 “购物时遇到老朋友” 为偶然场景,故选 D。 【易错分析】易错选 A,混淆 look into “调查” 与 come across “遇见” 的含义,忽略 “购物” 场景的偶然性特征。 【命题创新点】结合日常购物场景,考查短语的语境适配性,题干设置情景对话感,贴近单招真题命题形式。 【解题关键】抓住 “while shopping”(购物时)的场景提示,判断动作应为 “偶然发生”,优先选择 come across。 3.(2025年陕西)I’m looking forward to ______ in your company after graduation. A. work B. worked C. works D. working 【答案】D 【知识点分析】考查动词固定搭配。look forward to 中 to 为介词,后接动名词(doing),构成 “期待做某事” 的固定用法,故选 D。 【易错分析】易错选 A,误将 to 视为不定式符号,忽略 “介词 + 动名词” 的搭配规则,导致误用动词原形。 【命题创新点】结合职业规划场景(毕业后入职),考查高频介词搭配,题干符合单招 “职场适配” 的命题倾向。 【解题关键】先识别固定短语 look forward to,明确 to 为介词属性,直接排除后接原形、过去式、三单形式的选项。 4.(2025年陕西)The best way to keep fit is to _______ healthy eating habits. A. find B. compare C. develop D. prepare 【答案】C 【知识点分析】考查动词词义辨析。find 意为 “找到”,compare 意为 “比较”,develop 意为 “培养;养成”,prepare 意为 “准备”。“养成饮食习惯” 为固定动宾搭配,故选 C。 【易错分析】易错选 D,混淆 prepare “准备” 与 develop “培养” 的含义,忽略 “习惯” 需 “长期养成” 的语义逻辑。 【命题创新点】结合健康生活场景,考查动词与抽象名词(habits)的搭配逻辑,符合单招 “实用场景” 命题特点。 【解题关键】提炼宾语 “healthy eating habits”(健康饮食习惯),匹配能与 “习惯” 搭配的动词,develop 侧重 “逐步形成”,契合语境。 5.(2025年陕西)She decided to ______ a career in nursing because she likes helping people. A. take up B. take part in C. take care of D. take off 【答案】A 【知识点分析】考查 take 系列短语辨析。take up 意为 “从事(职业);开始学习”,take part in 意为 “参加(活动)”,take care of 意为 “照顾”,take off 意为 “起飞;脱下”。“从事护理职业” 为固定场景搭配,故选 A。 【易错分析】易错选 B,混淆 “参加活动”(take part in)与 “从事职业”(take up)的用法差异,忽略题干中 “career”(职业)的关键词提示。 【命题创新点】结合职业选择场景(护理专业),考查短语的场景指向性,体现单招对职业相关词汇的考查侧重。 【解题关键】抓住核心词 “career”,锁定 take up “从事职业” 的含义,排除其他与 “职业” 无关的短语。 6.(2025年陕西)The team leader suggested ______ a meeting to discuss the project plan. A. to hold B. holding C. hold D. held 【答案】B 【知识点分析】考查动词固定搭配。suggest 后接动名词(doing),构成 “建议做某事” 的固定用法,无 suggest to do 结构,故选 B。 【易错分析】易错选 A,受 “decide to do” 等不定式搭配影响,误用 suggest to do,忽略其 “动词 + 动名词” 的专属搭配规则。 【命题创新点】结合团队工作场景(项目讨论),考查高频建议类动词的搭配,题干符合单招 “职场沟通” 命题场景。 【解题关键】牢记 suggest 的固定搭配规则,直接排除不定式、原形、过去式选项,锁定动名词形式。 7.(2025年陕西)He ______ a lot of time to learning English because he wants to work in an international company. A. spends B. devotes C. takes D. costs 【答案】B 【知识点分析】考查动词固定搭配与辨析。devote to doing sth. 意为 “致力于;投入…… 做某事”(to 为介词);spend 用法为 spend time (in) doing sth.;take 用法为 It takes sb. time to do sth.;cost 主语为物。题干中 “to learning” 提示需用 devote,故选 B。 【易错分析】易错选 A,忽略 spend 后接 “in doing”(in 可省略),而题干直接接 “to learning”,搭配不符导致错误。 【命题创新点】结合职场技能提升场景(学习英语),考查 “动词 + 介词 + 动名词” 的特殊搭配,体现单招对复杂搭配的考查。 【解题关键】根据题干中 “to learning” 的结构,优先匹配能与 “to doing” 搭配的动词,devote 为唯一符合的选项。 8.(2025年陕西)The company will ______ free training for new employees to improve their skills. A. provide B. offer C. supply D. give 【答案】B 【知识点分析】考查动词词义辨析。provide 用法为 provide sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb.;offer 用法为 offer sth. to sb./offer sb. sth.(侧重主动提供);supply 侧重 “供应物资”;give 为通用动词(无 “针对性提供” 含义)。题干 “为新员工提供培训” 侧重主动性,故选 B。 【易错分析】易错选 A,忽略 provide 需与介词 for 搭配(provide training for sb.),题干中无介词 for,搭配不完整导致错误。 【命题创新点】结合职场培训场景,考查动词的搭配差异与语义侧重,符合单招 “职业场景精准用词” 的命题趋势。 【解题关键】分析题干结构 “______ free training for new employees”,offer 可直接接双宾语(offer sb. sth.)或 “offer sth. for sb.”,适配题干结构,且侧重主动提供,契合语境。 9.Don’t forget ______ the application form before 5 p.m. today. A. to fill in B. filling in C. to fill D. filling 【答案】A 【知识点分析】考查动词固定搭配与短语辨析。forget to do sth. 意为 “忘记要做某事(未做)”,forget doing sth. 意为 “忘记做过某事(已做)”;“填写表格” 的固定短语为 fill in the form,fill 单独使用不搭配 form,故选 A。 【易错分析】易错选 C,遗漏 “填写表格” 需加介词 in 的固定搭配,或误选 B,混淆 forget 后接不定式与动名词的语义差异(题干 “截止下午 5 点” 提示动作未做)。 【命题创新点】结合职场申请场景(填写申请表),考查 “固定搭配 + 语义逻辑” 的双重考点,符合单招复合考点命题特点。 【解题关键】先根据 “截止时间” 判断动作未做,确定用 forget to do;再补充 “填写表格” 的完整短语 fill in,锁定答案。 10.After years of hard work, her dream of becoming a doctor finally ______. A. came true B. realized C. achieved D. got true 【答案】A 【知识点分析】考查动词短语与词义辨析。come true 意为 “实现(梦想 / 愿望)”,为不及物短语(主语为梦想 / 愿望);realize 和 achieve 为及物动词(需接宾语,如 realize a dream);无 get true 搭配,故选 A。 【易错分析】易错选 B 或 C,忽略 realize/achieve 的及物属性,题干中主语为 “her dream”(梦想),无宾语,直接使用及物动词导致语法错误。 【命题创新点】结合人生目标场景(成为医生),考查及物动词与不及物短语的用法差异,体现单招对语法搭配细节的考查。 【解题关键】分析主语 “her dream” 为 “梦想”,且题干无宾语,直接排除及物动词 realize/achieve,同时排除错误搭配 get true,锁定不及物短语 come true。 专题归纳小结一、三大核心考点(必抓重点)​ 动词短语辨析​ 优先掌握高频动词系列:take/put/get/make/turn/look 系列(占短语考点 60%),重点记 “动词 + 介词 / 副词” 的固定含义(如 turn down = 拒绝、take up = 从事)。​ 关键:绑定场景记忆(职场 / 校园 / 日常),避免孤立记短语(如 “职业申请”→fill in the form、apply for)。​ 动词词义辨析​ 聚焦 “同义动词差异”:按场景分组(设备操作 / 沟通 / 完成工作 / 检查),明确语义侧重(如 inspect = 专业审核、check = 日常检查)。​ 核心:动宾搭配逻辑(如 “养成习惯”→develop habits、“拒绝需求”→turn down demand)。 固定搭配与句型适配​ 必记搭配类型:​ ✅ 动词 + to doing(to 为介词):look forward to/devote to/get used to​ ✅ 动词 + to do:decide/promise/offer/forget to do(未做)​ ✅ 动词 + doing:suggest/avoid/practice/forget doing(已做)​ ✅ 动词 + 介词:apply for/communicate with/deal with​ 句型适配:优先掌握职场 / 校园高频句型(It takes sb. time to do、sb. spend time doing)。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题4 动词和动词短语(讲义)-2026版陕西省(对口招生)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》
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专题4 动词和动词短语(讲义)-2026版陕西省(对口招生)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》
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专题4 动词和动词短语(讲义)-2026版陕西省(对口招生)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》
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