专题05 阅读理解-篇章结构题（复习讲义）（新疆专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考阅读理解“篇章结构”专题，覆盖“总—分—总”等结构类型及排序题核心考点，通过考情剖析、知识导图构建、题型破解（含结构图辨识、逻辑线索法）、真题训练四环节，系统梳理说明文、议论文文体特征，助力学生突破篇章逻辑理解难点。 亮点在于“图形化结构分析”与“逻辑线索定位”教学创新，如通过“科技类文章总—分—总结构图匹配”训练提升思维品质，用“时间词标注法”解排序题培养语言能力。精选10篇不同体裁真题（含非遗、环保等主题），设分层练习与即时反馈，教师可据此把控复习节奏，高效提升学生应考能力。

专题05 阅读理解-篇章结构 目 录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 时空导航·网络构建 3 03 题型通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 题型破解 5 考点二 排序题 6 04 优题精选·练能提分 9 题型 考查形式 阅读理解 ☑选择题 □非选择题 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 近3年，中考阅读理解题中直接考查“篇章结构”的题目出现1次，属于中低频但稳定的考点。 二、考查特点与能力指向 1. 结构类型集中 考查的结构类型主要为“总—分—总”（如第13题正确选项B所示）。 该结构符合说明文、议论文常见组织方式，强调学生把握文章开头引入、主体展开、结尾总结的逻辑。 2. 考查能力层级较高 不仅考查学生是否读懂内容，更考查其对文章整体逻辑与段落功能的把握能力。 要求学生具备梳理段落大意、区分主次信息、理解篇章推进方式的能力。 3. 与文体紧密相关 篇章结构题多出现在说明文、议论文中，这类文体结构清晰，适合考查逻辑组织。 叙事类文章（如大象母子、家庭故事）未出现此类题型，更侧重细节、推理与情感理解。 命题预测 一、命题趋势预测 1. 题型延续，形式微调 延续图形选择：大概率延续“四选一结构图”形式，直观考查学生对文章逻辑的把握。 可能融入排序题：未来可能增加“段落排序”或“信息匹配”，增强对逻辑连贯性的考查。 2. 文体仍以说明文、议论文为主 预计在科技、文化、社会现象、教育类说明文中频繁出现。 议论文可能围绕“青少年成长、环保、科技与生活”等主题，结构清晰，适合命题。 3. 结构类型多样化 除“总—分—总”外，可能考查： 问题—解决型 对比分析型 因果论述型 时间/流程顺序型 二、命题热点主题预测 主题类别 可能话题举例 结构类型预测 科技类 AI应用、无人机、新能源汽车、航天发展 总分总、并列说明、发展历程 文化类 非遗传承、节日习俗、中外文化交流 总分总、对比结构、时间顺序 教育类 学习方法、心理健康、劳动教育 问题—解决型、因果分析 环保类 垃圾分类、低碳生活、生态保护 总分总、并列举例、倡议呼吁 社会现象 短视频影响、阅读习惯、志愿服务 现象描述—分析—建议 三、命题创新点预测 1. 跨段落逻辑关系题 如：“Which paragraph shows the result of...?”考查学生理解段落间的因果、转折、递进关系。 2. 段落功能匹配题 给段落标注功能标签（如：Introduction, Example, Conclusion, Argument），让学生匹配。 3. 结构图补全题 提供不完整的文章结构图，要求学生选择缺失部分。 考点一 题型破解 一、命题解读 首先，要选对文章结构，首先我们要熟知文章的结构类型。说明文从结构上分一般分为:总-分；分-总；总-分-总。从作用上分文章通常分为三部分: （1）总领段，通常用于概括文章主题，点名说明对象。 （2）主体段，分层阐述说明对象。 （3）结尾段，总结，强调说明要点。 有时为了更清晰的阐述说明对象有事需要借助某些手法或概念引入，因此有些说明文在总领段和主体段间会有个过渡段，作为独立的一部分。 其次，在考查中通常会以图例的形式来呈现文章结构，因此，会辨识图例也是作出正确选择的关键。例如： A． B． C． D． 在上图图例A中文章属于总-总-分结构，①为总领段，②为总领段，③④⑤为主体段。 图例B属于总-分-总结构，①为总领段，②③④为主体段，⑤为总结段。 图例C为总-分结构，①为总领段，②③为主体段，④⑤为主体段。 图例D为总分结构，①为总领段，②③④⑤为主体段。 2. 解题技巧 · 抓主线，略支撑：优先理解文章的主线思路，即文章的中心内容和论点，然后再关注支撑细节。 · 注重段落关系：注意分析段落之间的关系，特别是转折点和逻辑连接词，帮助理解文章的发展过程。 · 识别关键信息：识别文章中的关键信息，如标题、主题句、总结句等，帮助把握篇章结构。 · 排除干扰项：注意排除与文章整体结构不符或者无关的选项，集中注意力于与篇章结构相关的内容。 综合整体把握：综合考虑文章的各个方面，包括标题、段落结构、语气和修辞手法等，全面把握文章的篇章结构。 考点二 排序题 一、命题解读 1. 题型地位 排序题在中考英语阅读理解中，聚焦于考查学生对语篇中事件发展逻辑、步骤先后顺序的梳理和理解能力。题目要求学生依据文本内容，将给定的事件、步骤或行为按照发生的先后顺序进行正确排列，旨在测试学生能否清晰把握文章的叙事脉络或说明顺序，需要学生具备较强的逻辑分析与信息整合能力。 2. 提问方式 “Which order is correct?”（哪一个顺序是正确的？）此类提问最为直接，要求学生从多个选项中挑选出与原文事件发展顺序一致的排列。例如，原文讲述制作蛋糕的过程，选项中会给出不同的步骤排列组合，学生需从中找出正确的顺序。​ “What is the correct sequence?”（正确的顺序是什么？）同样是让学生判断事件、步骤的正确先后顺序。这种提问方式下，选项可能涉及到对整个事件流程的完整排序，也可能聚焦于某几个关键环节的顺序判断。比如，在一篇描述历史事件发展的文章后，题目给出该事件中的几个重要节点，要求学生排出它们的正确发生顺序。​ 有时也会出现如 “Arrange the following events in the order they happened.”（按照事件发生的顺序排列下列事件）等类似的提问形式，其核心都是围绕事件顺序的判断展开。​ 题目通常会给出 3 - 5 个事件、步骤或行为，以短句或短语形式呈现，选项则是这些内容不同顺序的排列组合。这些事件、步骤紧密关联，且在原文中有明确的先后顺序线索，可能通过时间、空间、逻辑关系等多种方式体现。​​ 二、解答策略 第一步：通读全文，定位时间或顺序词 时间是判断事件顺序的重要依据，学生要特别留意文中表示时间的词汇或短语，如具体的年份、月份、日期（如 “2023 年 5 月 1 日”“last Sunday”），以及表示时间先后的副词（如 “firstly”“secondly”“next”“then”“after that”“finally”“at last” ）。例如，在一篇讲述主人公一天活动的文章中，出现 “First, he got up at 7 o'clock. Next, he had breakfast. Then, he went to school. Finally, he came back home at 5 p.m.”，这些时间及顺序词清晰地表明了事件发生的顺序。​ 除了时间类词汇，一些表示逻辑顺序的连接词（如 “before”“after”“when”“while” ）和序数词（“first”“second”“third” ）也是关键线索。比如，“Before starting the experiment, we need to prepare all the materials. After that, we can begin the operation.” 通过 “before” 和 “after that” 明确了准备材料和开始操作的先后顺序。在答题时，学生可以用铅笔将这些关键词标注出来，方便后续梳理。 第二步：逐题作答，分段分析 将题目中的每个事件、步骤看作一个独立的信息单元，回到原文中寻找与之对应的描述段落或语句。例如，题目要求对 “制作水果沙拉” 的步骤进行排序，给出 “切水果”“准备盘子”“搅拌水果”“加入酸奶” 等步骤，学生需在原文中分别找到介绍这些步骤的内容。​ 分析每个信息单元在原文中的具体描述，确定其在整个事件流程中的位置。可以将原文中相关内容的段落序号或关键语句标注在对应的事件旁边，辅助理解。比如，在原文中，“准备盘子” 的描述在第一段，“切水果” 在第二段，“加入酸奶” 在第三段，“搅拌水果” 在第四段，这样就能初步确定这些步骤的顺序为 “准备盘子 - 切水果 - 加入酸奶 - 搅拌水果” ，再与选项进行比对。​ 对于一些较为复杂、涉及多个段落的事件，要注意整合不同段落中的信息，避免遗漏关键环节。例如，在描述一场旅行的文章中，旅行前的准备工作可能分散在不同段落提及，需要将这些信息汇总分析，才能准确判断其在整个旅行流程中的位置。 第三步：排除干扰，复盘校验 观察选项的首尾项，若某选项的首项在原文中并非最早发生的事件，或者尾项不是最后发生的事件，可直接将该选项排除。比如，原文中事件 A 最先发生，而某选项的首项是事件 B，那么这个选项就不符合正确顺序，可排除。例如，在描述植树过程的排序题中，原文明确表示 “挖坑” 是第一步，若有选项首项为 “浇水”，则可直接排除该选项。​ 除了首尾项，还可以通过分析选项中相邻事件的顺序关系来排除错误选项。如果在原文中事件 X 发生在事件 Y 之后，但某选项中事件 X 排在事件 Y 之前，那么该选项也不正确。比如，在制作蛋糕的步骤中，原文是先 “搅拌面糊”，再 “倒入模具”，若某选项顺序相反，就应排除。通过逐步排除明显错误的选项，缩小选择范围，提高答题的准确率。同时，在排除过程中，要不断对照原文，确保判断依据准确无误。 序号 体裁 主题范畴 主题 命题创新点 1 记叙文 人物传记 介绍中国年轻科学家曹原的成就、成长经历与科研精神 排序题考查时间顺序逻辑；结构图题未直接出现，但隐含人物发展脉络 2 说明文 社会心理 探讨“闲聊”的社交价值及其对人际关系的影响 直接考查篇章结构（图形化段落划分）；段落功能分析题；引导思考社交深度 3 说明文 自然与科学 分析香蕉可能灭绝的原因，涉及气候变化与病害威胁 结构图选择考查“问题—原因分析”型文章组织；词义指代题与结构题结合 4 记叙文 人与社会 讲述女孩Abby违规携带宠物上飞机的教训，强调遵守规则的重要性 排序题与篇章结构图题结合；情节发展与段落对应清晰 5 记叙文 社会互助 三位女孩在疫情期间建立“祝福箱”帮助社区，传递善意与团结 段落主旨题与事件排序题结合；结构隐含“问题—行动—影响”逻辑链 6 说明文 科技与文化 介绍从古至今计时工具的发展历程，展现科技进步 直接考查篇章结构（总分总图形）；多时间段并列说明 7 议论文 社区与环境 反对将公园改建为高尔夫球场，从公平性、资源浪费、儿童活动、经济成本等方面论证 议论文结构图考查“总—分—总”逻辑；多角度论证结构清晰 8 议论文 科技与社会 评述20世纪科技发展的双重影响——带来进步也带来威胁 复杂结构图考查“正反对比”与“总结”段落关系；引导深度思考科技伦理 9 说明文 教育与文化 分析中国留学生可能遇到的学业与心理问题，并提出应对建议 结构层次划分题；建议类内容与结构对应明确 10 说明文 健康与生活 介绍多种自然疗法缓解感冒症状，涵盖不同文化与食材 结构图考查“总—分—总”与并列段落关系；跨文化案例丰富，增强实用性 Passage 1 It’s not easy to get your papers (论文) published in top science journal Nature. However, Cao Yuan, 24-year-old Chinese scientist, had two papers that he co-wrote published in Nature on May 6. People call him “a genius (天才) born after 1995.” Cao is a doctoral student (博士生) studying at MIT, a top university in the US. In 2018, he topped Nature’s list of the top 10 people of that year. Cao’s papers are about grapheme (石墨烯)—the thinnest and strongest material in the world. Scientists first discovered it in 2004. Cao has found “switch (开关)” inside this material. By turning this “switch” on, the material can be used as superconductor ) But when it’s turned off, the material can become an insulator (绝缘体). His finding has opened up whole new field of superconductor physics (超导体物理学). It could allow scientists to find cheaper and easier ways to use electricity. Cao finished middle and high school in China in just two years. At 14, he enrolled (入学) in School of the Gifted Young (少年班) at the University of Science and Technology. This is a special program that turns gifted teenagers into world-class talents. His greatest strength (优势) is probably his ability to learn independently, according to his high school physics teacher Huang Jiatang. As a teenager, Cao was unafraid to challenge teachers and ask difficult questions, Huang recalled. He doesn’t worry about possible failures in his research, either. “He just rolled up his sleeves and continued working (卷起袖子努力干),” Cao’s professor Pablo Jarillo-Herrero of MIT said to Nature. 1．What has Cao Yuan found? A．A new material called graphene. B．How to turn superconductors into insulators. C．A “switch” inside graphene. D．A cheaper and easier way to use electricity. 2．How did Cao Yuan grow up? Choose the right order. a. He studied at MIT. b. He had two papers published in Nature. c. He studied at the University of Science and Technology. d. He has found “switch (开关)” inside this material. A．c-a-b-d B．c-a-d-b C．a-c-d-b D．c-d-a-b 3．What can we know through Cao Yuan’s experience? A．He enrolled in MIT, a top university in the US, at 14. B．He was just like any other student in middle school. C．He showed his talent for science in an early age. D．He was not satisfied with what he learned at school. 4．What can we infer from his teacher and professor? A．He likes to challenge teachers. B．He likes to take on challenges. C．He solves difficulties easily. D．He has failed many times. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了曹博士的研究及 个人的成长经历。 1．细节理解题。根据“Cao has found “switch (开关)” inside this material. ”可知曹在材料中发现了一个“开关”，故选C。 2．排序题。纵观全文，曹的生长过程是：他在科技大学学习。他在麻省理工学院学习。他发现材料中的“开关”。他在《自然》杂志上发表了两篇论文。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“At 14, he enrolled (入学) in School of the Gifted Young (少年班) at the University of Science and Technology.”可知，他在很小的时候就加入了科技大学，因此对学科上有天赋，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“As a teenager, Cao was unafraid to challenge teachers and ask difficult questions”可知，曹不怕去挑战老师，也不怕问难的问题，所以他喜欢挑战，故选B。 Passage 2 Small talk like “What do you have there? Ice-cream?” or “The weather today is beautiful, isn't it?” is a waste of time, according to some people. But scientists believe that it is actually more useful than it may appear to be. One example comes when you are on a train or a plane. The thought of talking to the stranger can be scary and silly. But a study by the University of Chicago found that people who chat to strangers enjoy a better ride than those who sit in silence or keep playing their phones. In the study, researchers asked people at Chicago train stations to start conversations with fellow travelers. Most of them refused to do so at first because they didn't expect to get a friendly answer. But the result is the opposite-most strangers didn't refuse to be talked to; instead, they were glad to talk to. “Human beings are social animals,” Nicholas Epley, one of the researchers said, “Other people are people, too. And it turns out that they'd like to get to know you.” What's more, small talk with strangers can help you feel related to your surroundings(环境). Some studies found when people are often smiled at and spoken to, there is more chance for them to have a stronger sense of belonging instead of feeling like they are being forgotten. However, if you are already comfortable enough to make small talk with strangers, you should try to develop it into something “bigger”. A 2010 study proved that having a deep and meaningful conversation gives you even more happiness than small talk. Participants(参与者) in the study reported that compared with some simple greetings and replies, they were a lot happier when they went on with the small talk and further it into in-depth conversations. But deep conversations can start with small talk, can't they? So the first step is to start talking, no matter how casual the topic is. And who knows, maybe an opening line as simple as “I like your hat” could lead to a serious conversation in which you learn a lot from a stranger. 1．According to Nicholas Epley, what is the reason for the result of the study by the University of Chicago? A．Most people are scared of being refused. B．People are naturally interested in others. C．People are afraid of being lonely or bored. D．People try to show their good side to strangers. 2．Which of the following is an advantage of small talk? A．Wasting less time. B．Getting more smiles. C．Staying away from phones for a little while. D．Feeling like you are a part of your surroundings. 3．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧=Paragraphs1-8) A．①/②③④⑤/⑥⑦/⑧ B．①/②③④/⑤⑥⑦/⑧ C．①/②③/④⑤/⑥⑦⑧ D．①/②③④⑤/⑥⑦⑧ 4．What can we infer about the author's attitude toward small talk? A．The author thinks deep conversations may start before small talk. B．The author believes small talk is useless without deep conversations. C．The author agrees people should start small talk actively. D．The author doubts whether people should start small talk. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【分析】本文告诉我们研究显示闲谈是有很多好处的，并且有深度和有意义的谈话更能带给你快乐。作者呼吁我们积极地开始闲谈，从陌生人身上学到东西。 1．细节理解题。根据“And it turns out that they'd like to get to know you.”可知，研究结果是他们很想了解你。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“What's more, small talk with strangers can help you feel related to your surroundings(环境).”可知，和陌生人闲聊能让你感觉和周围的环境有联系。故选D。 3．篇章结构题。第一段叙述闲聊是有用的；第二、三、四、五段介绍对此的研究和研究结果；第六、七段介绍有深度和有意义的谈话；第八段呼吁我们可以从闲聊开始。所以结构是①/②③④⑤/⑥⑦/⑧。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“So the first step is to start talking, no matter how casual the topic is.”可知，作者认为第一步就是开始交谈，不管话题有多随意。故选C。 Passage 3 It’s hard to turn down a tasty banana. They taste good and you don’t have to wash them before eating them. However, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050. One reason for this is climate (气候) change. Scientists at the University of Exeter collected data (数据) from 27 countries that produce 86 percent of the world’s bananas. They found that climate change has improved growing conditions in 21 of these countries. In the past 60 years, the average yield (平均产量) has reached 1.37 tons of bananas per hectare (公顷). However, if temperatures keep rising, this advantage will disappear. Ten of the countries, including India, the world’s biggest producer of bananas, will produce fewer bananas. By 2050, the fruit may die out. Shouldn’t bananas grow more easily if it’s hotter outside? In fact, the perfect temperature range (范围) for growing bananas is between 24℃ and 32℃. If temperatures get too high, they will stop growing. Diseases are another danger to bananas. Unlike other plants, the bananas we grow come from shoot cuttings (茎段) rather than seeds (种子). This means that all banana plants have the same genotype (基因型). In other words, if a disease is able to kill one plant, it could kill them all. One serious disease is called Panama. Caused by fungus (真菌) in the soil, it spreads easily. It has spread across South Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia. If one banana plantation suffers from the disease, it will take 30 years until it is able to grow bananas again. Scientists have yet to find a cure for this disease. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指)? A．A banana tastes great. B．A banana will die out in 30 years. C．A banana is convenient to be eaten. 2．From the passage, we can learn that __________. A．in the last few years, the average yield of bananas has increased B．panama has killed all the bananas in some areas like South Asia C．the higher the temperature is, the better bananas will grow 3．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The difficulties of growing bananas. B．The perfect conditions of growing bananas. C．The reasons for the disappearance of bananas. 4．How is the passage organized? A． B． C． 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【解析】文章大意：英国科学家称香蕉这种水果可能在2050年消失。原因之一是气候的变化。然而如果温度继续上升，这种优势将会消失。其中10个国家，包括世界上最大的香蕉生产国印度，将减少香蕉的产量。到2050年，这种水果可能会灭绝。事实上，种植香蕉的最佳温度范围是在24到32摄氏度之间。如果温度太高，香蕉就会停止生长。疾病是香蕉的另一个危险。一个严重的疾病叫做巴拿马。科学家尚未找到治疗这种疾病的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据文中“However, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050.”和“One reason for this is climate（气候）change.英国科学家称这种水果可能在2050年消失，这是气候的原因之一的变化” 可知，下划线的单词“this”指香蕉将在30年内灭绝。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“In the past 60 years, the average yield (平均产量) has reached 1.37 tons of bananas per hectare (公顷).”可知，在过去的60年里，香蕉的平均产量达到每公顷1.37吨，可知是在过去60年，香蕉产量上升，故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，英国科学家称香蕉这种水果可能在2050年消失。原因之一是气候的变化，疾病是香蕉的另一个危险。一个严重的疾病叫做巴拿马。科学家尚未找到治疗这种疾病的方法。这篇文章主要讲了香蕉消失的原因，故选C。 4．篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第一段，英国科学家称香蕉这种水果可能在2050年消失。主要有两个原因，原因之一是气候的变化，2，3，4段介绍的；另一个原因是疾病，疾病是香蕉的另一个危险，是后两段，故选项B是正确的，故选B。 Passage 4 Abby’s Lesson ① When talking about obeying rules, Abby will never forget her experience with her father and her pet Tobias, a small mouse at the airport years ago. ② One day, Abby’s father was taking her to visit her grandmother and they are not allowed to take a mouse into another country. It was a rule. But Abby put the mouse into her sock in her bag secretly without telling her dad. When they arrived at the airport, they had to be checked by the X-ray machine. Abby felt her legs shaking and her heart beating fast. Unexpectedly, they passed. ③ On the plane, Abby opened up the bag after her dad and the woman next to her fell asleep. Tobias was excited to jump out from the bag. He landed upside down on the woman’s knee. The woman screamed loudly so that many people on the plane heard the voice. At that moment, Abby put Tobias into her bag quickly. But her dad didn’t know at all but slept. ④ After they landed, Abby’s dad ticked (打勾) NO on a paper to: “Are you bringing any live animals into the country?” But a man at the X-ray machine asked Abby to open her bag. Abby had to open and pulled out the sock. Then the man led Abby and her father into a small, dark room. There were some people in uniforms. Tobias was in the sock on the desk. One police officer talked to Abby’s dad. “This is very serious,” he said, “You have tried to smuggle (偷运) an animal into this country and you have lied on the paper.” “It’s my fault,” Abby said in a small voice, “Dad didn’t know I had Tobias.” The police officer stared at her, “What’s your name? Have you ever been in trouble before?” Abby opened her mouth, but no sound came out. At last, her dad had to pay a big fine (罚款) for what Abby did. It cost a lot of money. And Tobias had to go into quarantine (隔离检疫) for six months. ⑤ It must be a real lesson for Abby. From then on, she never breaks the rules any more. 1．From the underlined sentence “Abby felt her legs shaking and her heart beating fast.” in Paragraph 2, we may know Abby felt ____________. A．pleased B．excited C．nervous D．surprised 2．Which is the correct order of the story? a. Abby put Tobias into the sock in her bag. b. Tobias was sent to quarantine for half a year. c. They succeeded in passing through the X-ray machine. d. Tobias jumped onto a woman’s knee and scared her a lot. A．a-c-b-d B．d-c-b-a C．d-b-c-a D．a-c-d-b 3．How is the passage organized? A．B． C． D． 4．What lesson can we learn from Abby’s experience? A．We should take care of our pets. B．We should obey the public rules. C．We mustn’t tell our parents secrets. D．We mustn’t take pets to the airport. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了Abby违反航空规定，瞒着父母带宠物老鼠上飞机，结果被抓住罚款的经历。从此Abby学会了遵守公共规则。 1．推理判断题。根据句中的“legs shaking 双腿颤抖”和“heart beating fast 心跳加快”可知，Abby非常的紧张，故选C。 2．篇章结构题。根据第二段第三句“But Abby put the mouse into her sock in her bag secretly without telling her dad.”可知，Abby偷偷把老鼠放到了包里；根据第二段最后一句“Unexpectedly, they passed.”可知，Abby一家意外地通过了登机前的X射线检查；根据第三段“Tobias was excited to jump out from the bag. He landed upside down on the woman’s knee.”可知，老鼠Tobias从包里跑出来在一位女士的膝盖上跳来跳去；根据第四段“And Tobias had to go into quarantine (隔离检疫) for six months.”可知，老鼠Tobias被隔离检疫半年。综上，故事的发展顺序是a-c-d-b，故选D。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文是总分总的结构，第一段引出Abby的经历，第二到四段详细叙述故事发生的经过，最后一段写Abby从中吸取的教训，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“From then on, she never breaks the rules any more.”可知，Abby从自己的经历中意识到了遵守公共规则的重要性，所以本文主要目的就是告诉读者们，要遵守规公共规则，故选B。 Passage 5 Seven years ago, Joyce Akinpe moved to Australia to start a new life, finding an exciting job in Sydney. After the outbreak (爆发) of COVID-19, she suddenly lost her job. Seeing that there were many others like herself in trouble from the outbreak, Akinpe and her two roommates, Michele Gomez and Maureen Lee, brainstormed ideas for how to help their local community. They came up with a street pantry（储藏柜）. Gomez said the idea was very simple, “Take what you need and leave what you can.” With the help of Gomez’s father, they built the Blessing Box – a street pantry, with shelves and hanging baskets and two doors made from old furniture. It sits just at the back of the three girls’ home, so they can look after it. They put some information notices into their neighbors’ mailboxes, and the Blessing Box was quickly filled with the donations (捐赠)from the community, “It is the community’s strong support that keeps the project alive,” Akinpe said. We now have hundreds of people visiting our box every day. It might only a hours for the box to be full and next hour it might become empty again. “We are now helping others to carry out similar projects in their own communities, too”, Gomez said. Lee said things in the box were mostly convenience foods, as well as some necessary life things such as spaghetti and toilet paper. “Few people take everything at once. They think there are other people who need them more.” Lee added. There were many people rushing there for donations. The three girls needed to sanitize (消毒）all the donations and make sure all food packages were not broken. Gomez said that they had no time for rest, but what they did was well worth. 1．Paragraph 2 mainly talks about ________. A．the way to build the Blessing Box B．the help from the local community C．the purpose of building a street pantry D．the trouble from the outbreak of COVID-19 2．Put the following sentences in the right order according to the passage. a. The three girls thought up a good idea. b. The three girls received and sanitized the donations. c. The three girls put information notices into their neighbors’ mailboxes. d. The three girls built the Blessing Box with the help of Gomez’s father. A．c—a—b—d B．c—b—a—d. C．a—b—-d—c D．a—d—c—b 3．Few people take everything they need at once because __________. A．they would like to use their own things B．they think other people need these things more C．there aren’t enough donations in the Blessing Box D．it's not safe to use the things from the Blessing Box 4．The best title for the passage can probably be _________. A．Challenges through Life B．Happiness from Strangers C．Friendship during the Hard Times D．Kindness behind the Blessing Box 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【分析】在疫情期间，为了帮助当地社区，三个女孩建立了祈福箱，人们可以在箱子里拿走需要的东西，也可以在箱子里留下自己不需要的东西。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Michele Gomez and Maureen Lee, brainstormed ideas for how to help their local community. They came up with a street pantry（储藏柜）.”可知，米歇尔·戈麦斯和莫林·李为如何帮助当地社区集思广益，他们想到了一个街头储物柜的想法，所以本段主要讲建立街头储物柜的目的。故选C。 2．篇章结构题。根据第二段中“They came up with a street pantry.”可知，这三个女孩首先想到了这个主意，所以a排第一；根据第三段中“With the help of Gomez’s father, they built the Blessing –Box – a street pantry”可知，三个女孩在戈麦斯父亲的帮助下，建造了祈福箱，所以d排第二；根据第四段中“They put some information notices into their neighbors’ mailboxes…”可知，她们在邻居的信箱里贴了一些信息通知，所以c排第三；根据最后一段中“There were many people rushing there for donations. The three girls needed to sanitize all the donations and make sure all food packages were not broken.”可知，这三个女孩收到了人们的捐赠物，并给这些捐赠物消了毒，所以b排第四。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Few people take everything at once. They think there are other people who need them more.”可知，很少有人一次性拿走所有东西，因为他们认为还有其他人更需要这些东西。故选B。 4．选择最佳标题。根据第三段中“With the help of Gomez’s father, they built the Blessing Box – a street pantry, with shelves and hanging baskets and two doors made from old furniture.”并结合全文可知，三个女孩为了帮助当地的社区，所以想出了建立祈福箱的想法，人们可以留下自己能留下的东西，拿走自己需要的东西，所以最佳标题为Kindness behind the Blessing Box。故选D。 Passage 6 How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different ways of telling the time. About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure the time for half a day. On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows from one container to another, When the water reaches a certain level, it moves a lever (控制杆) and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China. But they failed to make people know the exact time. In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries, it was developed. For example, springs (发条) were added around 1,500. This enabled people to get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1936 the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s easy for ordinary people to own a clock, People began depending on then more and more to ran business, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments. 1．Which of the following statement is true? A．The Egyptians spent 100 years, more or less, inventing water clocks. B．With a sun clock people were able to know midday and midnight clearly. C．3500 years ago, people used water clocks instead of sundials on rainy days. D．A sundial was not as big as a sun clock, but it could measure a longer time. 2．How many kinds of clocks are mentioned in the passage? A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven. 3．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?(①=para 1 ②=para 2,....) A． B．C． D． 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The importance of time. B．The history of digital clocks. C．The inventions of clocks. D．The development of timekeeping. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文介绍了从古至今计时方法的不断演变和进步。 1．细节理解题。根据“It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure the time for half a day.”可知，虽然日晷比太阳钟要小，但是测出的时间是半天，而太阳钟只能测出中午的时间。故选D。 2．细节理解题。本文一共提到sun clock、sundial、water clocks、mechanical clock、quartz clock、digital clock共六种钟。故选C。 3．篇章结构题。第一段引出时钟演变这一话题，第二三段具体描述了不同时期出现的时钟及优缺点，第四段是对时钟演变历史进行了评价。因此可知本文结构是总—分—总的结构。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了从古至今计时方法的不断演变和进步。故选D。 Passage 7 How would you feel if someone decided to take away your park? Well that's what's happening in my community. There's a park that some people want to turn into a golf course  (高尔夫球场). Let me tell you why I think it's a bad idea. First, a park is meant to be for the whole community. Not everyone likes golf, so not everyone will get to use the park. This isn't fair. A community park should have open spaces for everyone to use. Second, to make way for the golf course, lots of playground equipment (设施) will have to be moved or knocked down, which is a waste of time and money. It's also a waste of perfectly good equipment. The swings, for example, will probably just end up as litter. Third, what about giving young people something to do? Not all kids are crazy about golf. At the moment, the park has a skating place and a playground. These attract lots of kids from the community. If you turn the park into a golf course, these kids won't have anywhere to go and they won't have anything to do. This means that they will stay at home and turn on a video game rather than get some exercise. It also means that they might be out on the street causing trouble. Wouldn't it be better to give them something to do at the park? Finally, golf is expensive. Building a golf course and maintaining (维护)it costs a lot of money. Who is going to pay to maintain the golf course? What about those people who can't afford to join a golf club? That means that the golf course will only be available to people with lots of money. Turning our park into a golf course is a bad idea. I suggest we have a community meeting before plans go any further. 1．Some people want to change the park into __________. A．a golf club B．a golf course C．a park D．a skating place 2．According to Paragraph 4, having nowhere to go will make some children A．go to get some exercise B．fall in love with golf C．play video games at home D．go to the street and make friends 3．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 4．What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage? A．To help carry out further plans. B．To make the park more beautiful. C．To encourage children to go skating. D．To stop the golf course from being built. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【分析】文章大意：本文从4个方面论述了把社区公园变成高尔夫球场的弊端，想要由此来阻止高尔夫球场的建设。 1．细节理解题。根据文章中的信息 There's a park that some people want to turn course into a golf有人想把一个公园转变成为一个高尔夫球场，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段倒数第三句话 This means that they will stay at home and turn on a video game rather than get some exercise这就意味着他们将会待在家里打开电子游戏而不是去锻炼，故选C。 3．文章结构题。根据文章第一段最后一句话let me tell you.. . a bad idea让我该诉 你为什么这是一个坏主意，接着文章二、三、四、五段分别用first首先；second第 二；third第三;finally最后。分别列举理由；最后一段第一句话Turning our park into a golf course is a bad idea可以知道是总结不愿意把公园改成高尔夫球场， 属于总-分-总。故选D。 4．写作目的题。文章主要从四个方面讲解了把社区公园变成高尔夫球场的弊端，从而想阻止高尔夫球场的建造。故选D。 Passage 8 ①The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits (好处) to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science. ②Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application (应用) of science has made big advancesthat have benefited us in nearly every part of life. ③The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science —a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science —a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment. ④Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction (大规模杀伤武器) has created a real danger to the continued existence (存在) of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals. ⑤William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.” The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities — science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war? 1．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 2．From the fourth paragraph, we can infer (推断) that . A．a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war B．a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war C．the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weapons D．the author is anxious (焦虑的) about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth 3．The underlined word "mingled" in the last paragraph most probably means . A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy 4．What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write? A．Further application of science to war. B．More reading of William Shakespeare. C．Proper use of science in the new century. D．Effective ways to separate the good from the ill. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【分析】这是一篇议论文，点评了科技发展对人类社会的影响，有好有坏，也告诉人们应该怎样做才能保卫好地球。 1．篇章结构题。第一段是本文的主题；第五段是对整篇文章的总结；第二、三两段讲好的一方面；第四段讲述坏的一方面，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段的第四句和第五句“We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War”，可以看出作者认为大量核武器的生产和准备投入使用将会给人类和地球上很多动物带来灭顶之灾，作者对此感到担忧。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.”可知莎士比亚说过: “我们生活的网是一条____线，好和坏在一起。”根据前后文含义以及结合选项分析，此处mingled的意思应该与mixed相同，意为“混合的、混杂的”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通过文章结尾的三个反问句可以看出作者在此问题上的观点，即如果人们正确的运用科学，它只会给人类带来好处，不一定会带来害处。据此，接下来作者必然围绕如何正确运用科学这一话题来展开，故选C。 Passage 9 ①When it comes to Chinese students considering studying in foreign countries, many of them usually believe that life will be easy and enjoyable. Unfortunately, it’s likely that students with those beliefs will be disappointed very soon after landing at the airport. ②So, what are the problems you may have, and how can you deal with them? ③Teaching and learning styles in America are very different from those in China, requiring more critical thinking(批判性思维) and teamwork. In a normal American classroom, one project might be done by a study group in which every person has his/her own responsibility. ④So don’t worry about your language or any grammar mistakes. Just watch what other students do, and don’t be afraid to ask any questions. The discussions, or sometimes ever arguments, that your group members and you hold are likely to be the beginning of a friendship. ⑤Beside schoolwork, another important thing faced by overseas students is homesickness or loneliness. You may miss your parents’ cooking, your pets, or even your old bed. Being away from home can create bitter feelings, especially when faced with the challenges of getting used to a new environment. ⑥What I strongly suggest is to try hard to deal with these feelings. Be open to new friendships. Sign up for school activities, and give yourself permission to enjoy life at school, even if you miss home a lot. Be organized and keep a diary to check your progress. Write down three new things that you’re grateful for every evening, as well as three things you’re looking forward to every morning. ⑦Studying abroad is never simple. In fact, there will be many difficulties every day. But I’m sure you will overcome your difficulties and make your time overseas a success. 1．The article is written for ________. A．teachers B．parents C．students D．travelers 2．Students in America finish their schoolwork by ________. A．thinking critically alone B．working in a group C．watching what others do D．arguing with other students 3．Which is NOT the suggestion to deal with homesickness according to the article? A．Keep a diary. B．Make new friends. C．Take part in school activities. D．Write a letter to parents daily. 4．How is the article organized? A．①//②③//④⑤//⑥⑦ B．①②//③④//⑤⑥//⑦ C．①//②③④//⑤//⑥⑦ D．①②//③④⑤//⑥⑦ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国学生在国外学习可能遇到的一些问题以及解决这些问题的一些方法、建议。 1．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But I’m sure you will overcome your difficulties and make your time overseas a success.”以及文章提到的留学生在国外遇到的问题，可知这篇文章是写给那些有出国留学意向的学生的，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“In a normal American classroom, one project might be done by a study group in which every person has his/her own responsibility.”可知，美国的学生通过小组工作来完成他们的作业，故选B。 3．理解判断题。根据“Be open to new friendships. Sign up for school activities, and give yourself permission to enjoy life at school, even if you miss home a lot. Be organized and keep a diary to check your progress.”可知，为了使自己不想家，可以交朋友、参加学校活动和写日记；前三项在文中均有提到，但D选项“每天给父母写一封信”没有涉及，故选D。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文可以分为四个层次，前两段综述出国留学有可能会遇到的一些问题；第三、四段介绍了国外的教学模式，并给出了合理化建议；第五、六段提到如果你想家了，该怎么应对；最后一段总结全文；故选B。 Passage 10 As the weather changes from day to day, sometimes it's impossible to avoid catching a cold or the flu. However, that doesn't mean we have to suffer terribly. Since the only way to get better from a cold is to go through the process, many natural remedies (疗法) have helped to reduce the symptom (症状) of the common cold. If you feel the cold, you should drink something warm. Add honey and lemon to hot water or tea. You will keep warm while you're drinking tea. In traditional Chinese medicine, ginger (姜) has been used for over two thousand years. A cup of ginger tea helps to increase the blood move and make you sweat through your body. Garlic (大蒜) is a super food. Garlic helps to fight off germs (细菌) when eaten daily. It can reduce the number of colds you get each year and shorten cold symptoms. If you don't mind eating uncooked garlic, it's best to eat a few pieces every three to four hours when you feel the first signs of a cold. It's no secret that salt gets rid of germs. For a sore throat, mix about half a teaspoon of salt into warm water and use as a mouthwash. Whether it's for breakfast, lunch or dinner, the Japanese enjoy umeboshi, sour and salty apricots(杏子) that help keep the doctor away. Using a neti pot is an old practice from India that helps people breathe better. As a mixture of salt and water pours into the nose, the germs are cleared away. Although cutting an onion can make you cry, it's good for a blocked nose. People in Mexico and Spain eat hot peppers to get their sense of smell back temporarily during a cold. Of course, you'd better be ready to experience a wave of heat! In Korea, kimchi is a popular side dish that keeps people healthy. It's made from pickle vegetables, red hot sauce and sometimes garlic and ginger. It is common to have a cold, and Mother Nature’s remedies will be there for you to lower your pain when you need to fight against that cold! 1．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． 2．The underlined word "It" in Paragraph 3 refers to ________ . A．the garlic B．the germ C．the cold D．the symptom 3．The passage mainly wants to tell us that ________. A．people can catch a cold and the flu in many ways B．natural remedies are helpful when people catch colds C．Mother Nature's food can take the place of medicine D．natural food helps people fight against all the illnesses 4．According to the passage, we can learn that ________. A．a neti pot is always used to keep warm B．ginger is newly found to be good for health C．kimchi is a main dish made from vegetables D．umeboshi is salty and sour apricots Japanese like 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【分析】本文介绍了哪些自然疗法对人的感冒是有帮助的。 1．篇章结构。第一段介绍了许多自然疗法都有助于减轻普通感冒的症状。第2、3、4、5段分别介绍了生姜、大蒜、盐以及洋葱的作用，属于并列关系。最后一段是总结。因此结构正确的是选项B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Garlic (大蒜) is a super food. Garlic helps to fight off germs (细菌) when eaten daily. It can reduce the number of colds you get each year and shorten cold symptoms.”大蒜是一种超级食品。每天吃大蒜有助于对抗细菌。它可以减少你每年感冒的次数，缩短感冒症状。可知，此处的it指代上文的Garlic (大蒜)。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。本文的第一段介绍了许多自然疗法都有助于减轻普通感冒的症状。以及最后一句，感冒是很常见的，当你需要对抗感冒的时候，大自然的治疗方法会帮助你减轻痛苦！可知，这篇文章主要是想告诉我们当人们感冒时，自然疗法是有帮助的。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Using a neti pot is an old practice from India that helps people breathe better. 使用网壶是印度的一种古老的做法，有助于人们更好地呼吸。可知A不对；根据“In traditional Chinese medicine, ginger (姜) has been used for over two thousand years.”在中医学中，生姜已有两千多年的历史。可知B不对；根据“In Korea, kimchi is a popular side dish that keeps people healthy. It's made from pickle vegetables, red hot sauce and sometimes garlic and ginger.”在韩国，泡菜是一种很受欢迎的配菜，可以让人保持健康。它是用腌菜，红烧酱，有时还有大蒜和生姜做成的。可知C错误；根据“…, the Japanese enjoy umeboshi, sour and salty apricots(杏子) that help keep the doctor away.”可知，选项D正确。故选D。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解-篇章结构 目 录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 时空导航·网络构建 3 03 题型通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 题型破解 5 考点二 排序题 6 04 优题精选·练能提分 9 题型 考查形式 阅读理解 ☑选择题 □非选择题 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 近3年，中考阅读理解题中直接考查“篇章结构”的题目出现1次，属于中低频但稳定的考点。 二、考查特点与能力指向 1. 结构类型集中 考查的结构类型主要为“总—分—总”（如第13题正确选项B所示）。 该结构符合说明文、议论文常见组织方式，强调学生把握文章开头引入、主体展开、结尾总结的逻辑。 2. 考查能力层级较高 不仅考查学生是否读懂内容，更考查其对文章整体逻辑与段落功能的把握能力。 要求学生具备梳理段落大意、区分主次信息、理解篇章推进方式的能力。 3. 与文体紧密相关 篇章结构题多出现在说明文、议论文中，这类文体结构清晰，适合考查逻辑组织。 叙事类文章（如大象母子、家庭故事）未出现此类题型，更侧重细节、推理与情感理解。 命题预测 一、命题趋势预测 1. 题型延续，形式微调 延续图形选择：大概率延续“四选一结构图”形式，直观考查学生对文章逻辑的把握。 可能融入排序题：未来可能增加“段落排序”或“信息匹配”，增强对逻辑连贯性的考查。 2. 文体仍以说明文、议论文为主 预计在科技、文化、社会现象、教育类说明文中频繁出现。 议论文可能围绕“青少年成长、环保、科技与生活”等主题，结构清晰，适合命题。 3. 结构类型多样化 除“总—分—总”外，可能考查： 问题—解决型 对比分析型 因果论述型 时间/流程顺序型 二、命题热点主题预测 主题类别 可能话题举例 结构类型预测 科技类 AI应用、无人机、新能源汽车、航天发展 总分总、并列说明、发展历程 文化类 非遗传承、节日习俗、中外文化交流 总分总、对比结构、时间顺序 教育类 学习方法、心理健康、劳动教育 问题—解决型、因果分析 环保类 垃圾分类、低碳生活、生态保护 总分总、并列举例、倡议呼吁 社会现象 短视频影响、阅读习惯、志愿服务 现象描述—分析—建议 三、命题创新点预测 1. 跨段落逻辑关系题如：“Which paragraph shows the result of...?” 考查学生理解段落间的因果、转折、递进关系。 2. 段落功能匹配题 给段落标注功能标签（如：Introduction, Example, Conclusion, Argument），让学生匹配。 3. 结构图补全题 提供不完整的文章结构图，要求学生选择缺失部分。 考点一 题型破解 一、命题解读 首先，要选对文章结构，首先我们要熟知文章的结构类型。说明文从结构上分一般分为:总-分；分-总；总-分-总。从作用上分文章通常分为三部分: （1）总领段，通常用于概括文章主题，点名说明对象。 （2）主体段，分层阐述说明对象。 （3）结尾段，总结，强调说明要点。 有时为了更清晰的阐述说明对象有事需要借助某些手法或概念引入，因此有些说明文在总领段和主体段间会有个过渡段，作为独立的一部分。 其次，在考查中通常会以图例的形式来呈现文章结构，因此，会辨识图例也是作出正确选择的关键。例如： A． B． C． D． 在上图图例A中文章属于总-总-分结构，①为总领段，②为总领段，③④⑤为主体段。 图例B属于总-分-总结构，①为总领段，②③④为主体段，⑤为总结段。 图例C为总-分结构，①为总领段，②③为主体段，④⑤为主体段。 图例D为总分结构，①为总领段，②③④⑤为主体段。 2. 解题技巧 · 抓主线，略支撑：优先理解文章的主线思路，即文章的中心内容和论点，然后再关注支撑细节。 · 注重段落关系：注意分析段落之间的关系，特别是转折点和逻辑连接词，帮助理解文章的发展过程。 · 识别关键信息：识别文章中的关键信息，如标题、主题句、总结句等，帮助把握篇章结构。 · 排除干扰项：注意排除与文章整体结构不符或者无关的选项，集中注意力于与篇章结构相关的内容。 综合整体把握：综合考虑文章的各个方面，包括标题、段落结构、语气和修辞手法等，全面把握文章的篇章结构。 考点二 排序题 一、命题解读 1. 题型地位 排序题在中考英语阅读理解中，聚焦于考查学生对语篇中事件发展逻辑、步骤先后顺序的梳理和理解能力。题目要求学生依据文本内容，将给定的事件、步骤或行为按照发生的先后顺序进行正确排列，旨在测试学生能否清晰把握文章的叙事脉络或说明顺序，需要学生具备较强的逻辑分析与信息整合能力。 2. 提问方式 “Which order is correct?”（哪一个顺序是正确的？）此类提问最为直接，要求学生从多个选项中挑选出与原文事件发展顺序一致的排列。例如，原文讲述制作蛋糕的过程，选项中会给出不同的步骤排列组合，学生需从中找出正确的顺序。​ “What is the correct sequence?”（正确的顺序是什么？）同样是让学生判断事件、步骤的正确先后顺序。这种提问方式下，选项可能涉及到对整个事件流程的完整排序，也可能聚焦于某几个关键环节的顺序判断。比如，在一篇描述历史事件发展的文章后，题目给出该事件中的几个重要节点，要求学生排出它们的正确发生顺序。​ 有时也会出现如 “Arrange the following events in the order they happened.”（按照事件发生的顺序排列下列事件）等类似的提问形式，其核心都是围绕事件顺序的判断展开。​ 题目通常会给出 3 - 5 个事件、步骤或行为，以短句或短语形式呈现，选项则是这些内容不同顺序的排列组合。这些事件、步骤紧密关联，且在原文中有明确的先后顺序线索，可能通过时间、空间、逻辑关系等多种方式体现。​​ 二、解答策略 第一步：通读全文，定位时间或顺序词 时间是判断事件顺序的重要依据，学生要特别留意文中表示时间的词汇或短语，如具体的年份、月份、日期（如 “2023 年 5 月 1 日”“last Sunday”），以及表示时间先后的副词（如 “firstly”“secondly”“next”“then”“after that”“finally”“at last” ）。例如，在一篇讲述主人公一天活动的文章中，出现 “First, he got up at 7 o'clock. Next, he had breakfast. Then, he went to school. Finally, he came back home at 5 p.m.”，这些时间及顺序词清晰地表明了事件发生的顺序。​ 除了时间类词汇，一些表示逻辑顺序的连接词（如 “before”“after”“when”“while” ）和序数词（“first”“second”“third” ）也是关键线索。比如，“Before starting the experiment, we need to prepare all the materials. After that, we can begin the operation.” 通过 “before” 和 “after that” 明确了准备材料和开始操作的先后顺序。在答题时，学生可以用铅笔将这些关键词标注出来，方便后续梳理。 第二步：逐题作答，分段分析 将题目中的每个事件、步骤看作一个独立的信息单元，回到原文中寻找与之对应的描述段落或语句。例如，题目要求对 “制作水果沙拉” 的步骤进行排序，给出 “切水果”“准备盘子”“搅拌水果”“加入酸奶” 等步骤，学生需在原文中分别找到介绍这些步骤的内容。​ 分析每个信息单元在原文中的具体描述，确定其在整个事件流程中的位置。可以将原文中相关内容的段落序号或关键语句标注在对应的事件旁边，辅助理解。比如，在原文中，“准备盘子” 的描述在第一段，“切水果” 在第二段，“加入酸奶” 在第三段，“搅拌水果” 在第四段，这样就能初步确定这些步骤的顺序为 “准备盘子 - 切水果 - 加入酸奶 - 搅拌水果” ，再与选项进行比对。​ 对于一些较为复杂、涉及多个段落的事件，要注意整合不同段落中的信息，避免遗漏关键环节。例如，在描述一场旅行的文章中，旅行前的准备工作可能分散在不同段落提及，需要将这些信息汇总分析，才能准确判断其在整个旅行流程中的位置。 第三步：排除干扰，复盘校验 观察选项的首尾项，若某选项的首项在原文中并非最早发生的事件，或者尾项不是最后发生的事件，可直接将该选项排除。比如，原文中事件 A 最先发生，而某选项的首项是事件 B，那么这个选项就不符合正确顺序，可排除。例如，在描述植树过程的排序题中，原文明确表示 “挖坑” 是第一步，若有选项首项为 “浇水”，则可直接排除该选项。​ 除了首尾项，还可以通过分析选项中相邻事件的顺序关系来排除错误选项。如果在原文中事件 X 发生在事件 Y 之后，但某选项中事件 X 排在事件 Y 之前，那么该选项也不正确。比如，在制作蛋糕的步骤中，原文是先 “搅拌面糊”，再 “倒入模具”，若某选项顺序相反，就应排除。通过逐步排除明显错误的选项，缩小选择范围，提高答题的准确率。同时，在排除过程中，要不断对照原文，确保判断依据准确无误。 序号 体裁 主题范畴 主题 命题创新点 1 记叙文 人物传记 介绍中国年轻科学家曹原的成就、成长经历与科研精神 排序题考查时间顺序逻辑；结构图题未直接出现，但隐含人物发展脉络 2 说明文 社会心理 探讨“闲聊”的社交价值及其对人际关系的影响 直接考查篇章结构（图形化段落划分）；段落功能分析题；引导思考社交深度 3 说明文 自然与科学 分析香蕉可能灭绝的原因，涉及气候变化与病害威胁 结构图选择考查“问题—原因分析”型文章组织；词义指代题与结构题结合 4 记叙文 人与社会 讲述女孩Abby违规携带宠物上飞机的教训，强调遵守规则的重要性 排序题与篇章结构图题结合；情节发展与段落对应清晰 5 记叙文 社会互助 三位女孩在疫情期间建立“祝福箱”帮助社区，传递善意与团结 段落主旨题与事件排序题结合；结构隐含“问题—行动—影响”逻辑链 6 说明文 科技与文化 介绍从古至今计时工具的发展历程，展现科技进步 直接考查篇章结构（总分总图形）；多时间段并列说明 7 议论文 社区与环境 反对将公园改建为高尔夫球场，从公平性、资源浪费、儿童活动、经济成本等方面论证 议论文结构图考查“总—分—总”逻辑；多角度论证结构清晰 8 议论文 科技与社会 评述20世纪科技发展的双重影响——带来进步也带来威胁 复杂结构图考查“正反对比”与“总结”段落关系；引导深度思考科技伦理 9 说明文 教育与文化 分析中国留学生可能遇到的学业与心理问题，并提出应对建议 结构层次划分题；建议类内容与结构对应明确 10 说明文 健康与生活 介绍多种自然疗法缓解感冒症状，涵盖不同文化与食材 结构图考查“总—分—总”与并列段落关系；跨文化案例丰富，增强实用性 Passage 1 It’s not easy to get your papers (论文) published in top science journal Nature. However, Cao Yuan, 24-year-old Chinese scientist, had two papers that he co-wrote published in Nature on May 6. People call him “a genius (天才) born after 1995.” Cao is a doctoral student (博士生) studying at MIT, a top university in the US. In 2018, he topped Nature’s list of the top 10 people of that year. Cao’s papers are about grapheme (石墨烯)—the thinnest and strongest material in the world. Scientists first discovered it in 2004. Cao has found “switch (开关)” inside this material. By turning this “switch” on, the material can be used as superconductor ) But when it’s turned off, the material can become an insulator (绝缘体). His finding has opened up whole new field of superconductor physics (超导体物理学). It could allow scientists to find cheaper and easier ways to use electricity. Cao finished middle and high school in China in just two years. At 14, he enrolled (入学) in School of the Gifted Young (少年班) at the University of Science and Technology. This is a special program that turns gifted teenagers into world-class talents. His greatest strength (优势) is probably his ability to learn independently, according to his high school physics teacher Huang Jiatang. As a teenager, Cao was unafraid to challenge teachers and ask difficult questions, Huang recalled. He doesn’t worry about possible failures in his research, either. “He just rolled up his sleeves and continued working (卷起袖子努力干),” Cao’s professor Pablo Jarillo-Herrero of MIT said to Nature. 1．What has Cao Yuan found? A．A new material called graphene. B．How to turn superconductors into insulators. C．A “switch” inside graphene. D．A cheaper and easier way to use electricity. 2．How did Cao Yuan grow up? Choose the right order. a. He studied at MIT. b. He had two papers published in Nature. c. He studied at the University of Science and Technology. d. He has found “switch (开关)” inside this material. A．c-a-b-d B．c-a-d-b C．a-c-d-b D．c-d-a-b 3．What can we know through Cao Yuan’s experience? A．He enrolled in MIT, a top university in the US, at 14. B．He was just like any other student in middle school. C．He showed his talent for science in an early age. D．He was not satisfied with what he learned at school. 4．What can we infer from his teacher and professor? A．He likes to challenge teachers. B．He likes to take on challenges. C．He solves difficulties easily. D．He has failed many times. Passage 2 Small talk like “What do you have there? Ice-cream?” or “The weather today is beautiful, isn't it?” is a waste of time, according to some people. But scientists believe that it is actually more useful than it may appear to be. One example comes when you are on a train or a plane. The thought of talking to the stranger can be scary and silly. But a study by the University of Chicago found that people who chat to strangers enjoy a better ride than those who sit in silence or keep playing their phones. In the study, researchers asked people at Chicago train stations to start conversations with fellow travelers. Most of them refused to do so at first because they didn't expect to get a friendly answer. But the result is the opposite-most strangers didn't refuse to be talked to; instead, they were glad to talk to. “Human beings are social animals,” Nicholas Epley, one of the researchers said, “Other people are people, too. And it turns out that they'd like to get to know you.” What's more, small talk with strangers can help you feel related to your surroundings(环境). Some studies found when people are often smiled at and spoken to, there is more chance for them to have a stronger sense of belonging instead of feeling like they are being forgotten. However, if you are already comfortable enough to make small talk with strangers, you should try to develop it into something “bigger”. A 2010 study proved that having a deep and meaningful conversation gives you even more happiness than small talk. Participants(参与者) in the study reported that compared with some simple greetings and replies, they were a lot happier when they went on with the small talk and further it into in-depth conversations. But deep conversations can start with small talk, can't they? So the first step is to start talking, no matter how casual the topic is. And who knows, maybe an opening line as simple as “I like your hat” could lead to a serious conversation in which you learn a lot from a stranger. 1．According to Nicholas Epley, what is the reason for the result of the study by the University of Chicago? A．Most people are scared of being refused. B．People are naturally interested in others. C．People are afraid of being lonely or bored. D．People try to show their good side to strangers. 2．Which of the following is an advantage of small talk? A．Wasting less time. B．Getting more smiles. C．Staying away from phones for a little while. D．Feeling like you are a part of your surroundings. 3．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧=Paragraphs1-8) A．①/②③④⑤/⑥⑦/⑧ B．①/②③④/⑤⑥⑦/⑧ C．①/②③/④⑤/⑥⑦⑧ D．①/②③④⑤/⑥⑦⑧ 4．What can we infer about the author's attitude toward small talk? A．The author thinks deep conversations may start before small talk. B．The author believes small talk is useless without deep conversations. C．The author agrees people should start small talk actively. D．The author doubts whether people should start small talk. Passage 3 It’s hard to turn down a tasty banana. They taste good and you don’t have to wash them before eating them. However, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050. One reason for this is climate (气候) change. Scientists at the University of Exeter collected data (数据) from 27 countries that produce 86 percent of the world’s bananas. They found that climate change has improved growing conditions in 21 of these countries. In the past 60 years, the average yield (平均产量) has reached 1.37 tons of bananas per hectare (公顷). However, if temperatures keep rising, this advantage will disappear. Ten of the countries, including India, the world’s biggest producer of bananas, will produce fewer bananas. By 2050, the fruit may die out. Shouldn’t bananas grow more easily if it’s hotter outside? In fact, the perfect temperature range (范围) for growing bananas is between 24℃ and 32℃. If temperatures get too high, they will stop growing. Diseases are another danger to bananas. Unlike other plants, the bananas we grow come from shoot cuttings (茎段) rather than seeds (种子). This means that all banana plants have the same genotype (基因型). In other words, if a disease is able to kill one plant, it could kill them all. One serious disease is called Panama. Caused by fungus (真菌) in the soil, it spreads easily. It has spread across South Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia. If one banana plantation suffers from the disease, it will take 30 years until it is able to grow bananas again. Scientists have yet to find a cure for this disease. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指)? A．A banana tastes great. B．A banana will die out in 30 years. C．A banana is convenient to be eaten. 2．From the passage, we can learn that __________. A．in the last few years, the average yield of bananas has increased B．panama has killed all the bananas in some areas like South Asia C．the higher the temperature is, the better bananas will grow 3．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The difficulties of growing bananas. B．The perfect conditions of growing bananas. C．The reasons for the disappearance of bananas. 4．How is the passage organized? A． B． C． Passage 4 Abby’s Lesson ① When talking about obeying rules, Abby will never forget her experience with her father and her pet Tobias, a small mouse at the airport years ago. ② One day, Abby’s father was taking her to visit her grandmother and they are not allowed to take a mouse into another country. It was a rule. But Abby put the mouse into her sock in her bag secretly without telling her dad. When they arrived at the airport, they had to be checked by the X-ray machine. Abby felt her legs shaking and her heart beating fast. Unexpectedly, they passed. ③ On the plane, Abby opened up the bag after her dad and the woman next to her fell asleep. Tobias was excited to jump out from the bag. He landed upside down on the woman’s knee. The woman screamed loudly so that many people on the plane heard the voice. At that moment, Abby put Tobias into her bag quickly. But her dad didn’t know at all but slept. ④ After they landed, Abby’s dad ticked (打勾) NO on a paper to: “Are you bringing any live animals into the country?” But a man at the X-ray machine asked Abby to open her bag. Abby had to open and pulled out the sock. Then the man led Abby and her father into a small, dark room. There were some people in uniforms. Tobias was in the sock on the desk. One police officer talked to Abby’s dad. “This is very serious,” he said, “You have tried to smuggle (偷运) an animal into this country and you have lied on the paper.” “It’s my fault,” Abby said in a small voice, “Dad didn’t know I had Tobias.” The police officer stared at her, “What’s your name? Have you ever been in trouble before?” Abby opened her mouth, but no sound came out. At last, her dad had to pay a big fine (罚款) for what Abby did. It cost a lot of money. And Tobias had to go into quarantine (隔离检疫) for six months. ⑤ It must be a real lesson for Abby. From then on, she never breaks the rules any more. 1．From the underlined sentence “Abby felt her legs shaking and her heart beating fast.” in Paragraph 2, we may know Abby felt ____________. A．pleased B．excited C．nervous D．surprised 2．Which is the correct order of the story? a. Abby put Tobias into the sock in her bag. b. Tobias was sent to quarantine for half a year. c. They succeeded in passing through the X-ray machine. d. Tobias jumped onto a woman’s knee and scared her a lot. A．a-c-b-d B．d-c-b-a C．d-b-c-a D．a-c-d-b 3．How is the passage organized? A．B． C． D． 4．What lesson can we learn from Abby’s experience? A．We should take care of our pets. B．We should obey the public rules. C．We mustn’t tell our parents secrets. D．We mustn’t take pets to the airport. Passage 5 Seven years ago, Joyce Akinpe moved to Australia to start a new life, finding an exciting job in Sydney. After the outbreak (爆发) of COVID-19, she suddenly lost her job. Seeing that there were many others like herself in trouble from the outbreak, Akinpe and her two roommates, Michele Gomez and Maureen Lee, brainstormed ideas for how to help their local community. They came up with a street pantry（储藏柜）. Gomez said the idea was very simple, “Take what you need and leave what you can.” With the help of Gomez’s father, they built the Blessing Box – a street pantry, with shelves and hanging baskets and two doors made from old furniture. It sits just at the back of the three girls’ home, so they can look after it. They put some information notices into their neighbors’ mailboxes, and the Blessing Box was quickly filled with the donations (捐赠)from the community, “It is the community’s strong support that keeps the project alive,” Akinpe said. We now have hundreds of people visiting our box every day. It might only a hours for the box to be full and next hour it might become empty again. “We are now helping others to carry out similar projects in their own communities, too”, Gomez said. Lee said things in the box were mostly convenience foods, as well as some necessary life things such as spaghetti and toilet paper. “Few people take everything at once. They think there are other people who need them more.” Lee added. There were many people rushing there for donations. The three girls needed to sanitize (消毒）all the donations and make sure all food packages were not broken. Gomez said that they had no time for rest, but what they did was well worth. 1．Paragraph 2 mainly talks about ________. A．the way to build the Blessing Box B．the help from the local community C．the purpose of building a street pantry D．the trouble from the outbreak of COVID-19 2．Put the following sentences in the right order according to the passage. a. The three girls thought up a good idea. b. The three girls received and sanitized the donations. c. The three girls put information notices into their neighbors’ mailboxes. d. The three girls built the Blessing Box with the help of Gomez’s father. A．c—a—b—d B．c—b—a—d. C．a—b—-d—c D．a—d—c—b 3．Few people take everything they need at once because __________. A．they would like to use their own things B．they think other people need these things more C．there aren’t enough donations in the Blessing Box D．it's not safe to use the things from the Blessing Box 4．The best title for the passage can probably be _________. A．Challenges through Life B．Happiness from Strangers C．Friendship during the Hard Times D．Kindness behind the Blessing Box Passage 6 How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different ways of telling the time. About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure the time for half a day. On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows from one container to another, When the water reaches a certain level, it moves a lever (控制杆) and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China. But they failed to make people know the exact time. In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries, it was developed. For example, springs (发条) were added around 1,500. This enabled people to get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1936 the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s easy for ordinary people to own a clock, People began depending on then more and more to ran business, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments. 1．Which of the following statement is true? A．The Egyptians spent 100 years, more or less, inventing water clocks. B．With a sun clock people were able to know midday and midnight clearly. C．3500 years ago, people used water clocks instead of sundials on rainy days. D．A sundial was not as big as a sun clock, but it could measure a longer time. 2．How many kinds of clocks are mentioned in the passage? A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven. 3．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?(①=para 1 ②=para 2,....) A． B．C． D． 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The importance of time. B．The history of digital clocks. C．The inventions of clocks. D．The development of timekeeping. Passage 7 How would you feel if someone decided to take away your park? Well that's what's happening in my community. There's a park that some people want to turn into a golf course  (高尔夫球场). Let me tell you why I think it's a bad idea. First, a park is meant to be for the whole community. Not everyone likes golf, so not everyone will get to use the park. This isn't fair. A community park should have open spaces for everyone to use. Second, to make way for the golf course, lots of playground equipment (设施) will have to be moved or knocked down, which is a waste of time and money. It's also a waste of perfectly good equipment. The swings, for example, will probably just end up as litter. Third, what about giving young people something to do? Not all kids are crazy about golf. At the moment, the park has a skating place and a playground. These attract lots of kids from the community. If you turn the park into a golf course, these kids won't have anywhere to go and they won't have anything to do. This means that they will stay at home and turn on a video game rather than get some exercise. It also means that they might be out on the street causing trouble. Wouldn't it be better to give them something to do at the park? Finally, golf is expensive. Building a golf course and maintaining (维护)it costs a lot of money. Who is going to pay to maintain the golf course? What about those people who can't afford to join a golf club? That means that the golf course will only be available to people with lots of money. Turning our park into a golf course is a bad idea. I suggest we have a community meeting before plans go any further. 1．Some people want to change the park into __________. A．a golf club B．a golf course C．a park D．a skating place 2．According to Paragraph 4, having nowhere to go will make some children A．go to get some exercise B．fall in love with golf C．play video games at home D．go to the street and make friends 3．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 4．What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage? A．To help carry out further plans. B．To make the park more beautiful. C．To encourage children to go skating. D．To stop the golf course from being built. Passage 8 ①The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits (好处) to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science. ②Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application (应用) of science has made big advancesthat have benefited us in nearly every part of life. ③The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science —a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science —a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment. ④Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction (大规模杀伤武器) has created a real danger to the continued existence (存在) of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals. ⑤William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.” The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities — science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war? 1．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 2．From the fourth paragraph, we can infer (推断) that . A．a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war B．a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war C．the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weapons D．the author is anxious (焦虑的) about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth 3．The underlined word "mingled" in the last paragraph most probably means . A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy 4．What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write? A．Further application of science to war. B．More reading of William Shakespeare. C．Proper use of science in the new century. D．Effective ways to separate the good from the ill. Passage 9 ①When it comes to Chinese students considering studying in foreign countries, many of them usually believe that life will be easy and enjoyable. Unfortunately, it’s likely that students with those beliefs will be disappointed very soon after landing at the airport. ②So, what are the problems you may have, and how can you deal with them? ③Teaching and learning styles in America are very different from those in China, requiring more critical thinking(批判性思维) and teamwork. In a normal American classroom, one project might be done by a study group in which every person has his/her own responsibility. ④So don’t worry about your language or any grammar mistakes. Just watch what other students do, and don’t be afraid to ask any questions. The discussions, or sometimes ever arguments, that your group members and you hold are likely to be the beginning of a friendship. ⑤Beside schoolwork, another important thing faced by overseas students is homesickness or loneliness. You may miss your parents’ cooking, your pets, or even your old bed. Being away from home can create bitter feelings, especially when faced with the challenges of getting used to a new environment. ⑥What I strongly suggest is to try hard to deal with these feelings. Be open to new friendships. Sign up for school activities, and give yourself permission to enjoy life at school, even if you miss home a lot. Be organized and keep a diary to check your progress. Write down three new things that you’re grateful for every evening, as well as three things you’re looking forward to every morning. ⑦Studying abroad is never simple. In fact, there will be many difficulties every day. But I’m sure you will overcome your difficulties and make your time overseas a success. 1．The article is written for ________. A．teachers B．parents C．students D．travelers 2．Students in America finish their schoolwork by ________. A．thinking critically alone B．working in a group C．watching what others do D．arguing with other students 3．Which is NOT the suggestion to deal with homesickness according to the article? A．Keep a diary. B．Make new friends. C．Take part in school activities. D．Write a letter to parents daily. 4．How is the article organized? A．①//②③//④⑤//⑥⑦ B．①②//③④//⑤⑥//⑦ C．①//②③④//⑤//⑥⑦ D．①②//③④⑤//⑥⑦ Passage 10 As the weather changes from day to day, sometimes it's impossible to avoid catching a cold or the flu. However, that doesn't mean we have to suffer terribly. Since the only way to get better from a cold is to go through the process, many natural remedies (疗法) have helped to reduce the symptom (症状) of the common cold. If you feel the cold, you should drink something warm. Add honey and lemon to hot water or tea. You will keep warm while you're drinking tea. In traditional Chinese medicine, ginger (姜) has been used for over two thousand years. A cup of ginger tea helps to increase the blood move and make you sweat through your body. Garlic (大蒜) is a super food. Garlic helps to fight off germs (细菌) when eaten daily. It can reduce the number of colds you get each year and shorten cold symptoms. If you don't mind eating uncooked garlic, it's best to eat a few pieces every three to four hours when you feel the first signs of a cold. It's no secret that salt gets rid of germs. For a sore throat, mix about half a teaspoon of salt into warm water and use as a mouthwash. Whether it's for breakfast, lunch or dinner, the Japanese enjoy umeboshi, sour and salty apricots(杏子) that help keep the doctor away. Using a neti pot is an old practice from India that helps people breathe better. As a mixture of salt and water pours into the nose, the germs are cleared away. Although cutting an onion can make you cry, it's good for a blocked nose. People in Mexico and Spain eat hot peppers to get their sense of smell back temporarily during a cold. Of course, you'd better be ready to experience a wave of heat! In Korea, kimchi is a popular side dish that keeps people healthy. It's made from pickle vegetables, red hot sauce and sometimes garlic and ginger. It is common to have a cold, and Mother Nature’s remedies will be there for you to lower your pain when you need to fight against that cold! 1．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． 2．The underlined word "It" in Paragraph 3 refers to ________ . A．the garlic B．the germ C．the cold D．the symptom 3．The passage mainly wants to tell us that ________. A．people can catch a cold and the flu in many ways B．natural remedies are helpful when people catch colds C．Mother Nature's food can take the place of medicine D．natural food helps people fight against all the illnesses 4．According to the passage, we can learn that ________. A．a neti pot is always used to keep warm B．ginger is newly found to be good for health C．kimchi is a main dish made from vegetables D．umeboshi is salty and sour apricots Japanese like 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $