专题01 必修一Unit 1 Back to school重难知识综合复习（寒假复习讲义）高一英语译林版

专题01 Unit 1 Back to school (必修一) （寒假复习讲与练） 考点聚焦: 关注核心考点，学考结合 重点速记: 词汇短语梳理，夯实基础 难点强化: 难点难点突破，能力提升 学以致用: 真题感知再现，助力高考 ----------------------------------------------- •‿• 单元知识回顾 •‿• ---------------------------------------------- 重点单词 potential, challenge, positive, acquire, effort, advance, amazing, confidence, resource, facility, equal, attitude, improve, well-rounded, individual, character, responsible, independent, focus, detail, tip, base, remind, proposal, technique, professional, material, poster, secondary, exchange, host, biology, tough, alarm, contribution, fortunately, option, attract, rugby, calligraphy 必备短语 lie in, rise to, make a difference, make the most of, take advantage of, last but not least, look forward to, as a result of, stick to, over time, can’t wait to do, make a contribution 疑难长句 1. Who knows what beautiful work of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! （教材p3） 2. Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.（教材p3） 3. I’ve been told that schoolwork will present more of a challenge in the years ahead, and that the teachers will hold us to higher standards. （教材p5） 阅读微技能 主题句 语法与修辞 句子成分、基本句型、平行结构 ❖ 重点单词 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出英文单词。 1. n. 潜力; adj.潜在的 potential 2. n. & vt. 挑战 challenge 3. adj. 积极乐观的 positive 4. vt. 获得 acquire 5. n. 努力 effort 6. n. 进步；前进v. 进步 advance 7. adj. 令人惊喜的 amazing 8. n. 信心 confidence 9. n. 资源 resource 10. n. 设施 facility 11. adj. 相等的; 平等的v. 比得上 equal 12. n. 态度 attitude 13. v. 改进 improve 14. adj. 全面发展的 well-rounded 15. n. 个人 adj.个别的，单独的 individual 16. n. 品质;特点;人物;文字character 17. adj. 有责任的 responsible 18. adj. 自主的;独立的 independent 19. n. 焦点 v. 集中 focus 20. n. 细节 detail 21. n. 提示；小费；尖端 tip 22. n/v. 以...为基础 base 23. vt. 提醒 remind 24. n. 提议; 建议 proposal 25. n. 技巧; 技能 technique 26. adj. 专业的n.专业人professional 27. n. 材料 adj.物质的 material 28. n. 海报; (网上留言区)发消息的poster 29. adj. 中学的; 次要的 secondary 30. n./v. 交换; 兑换 exchange 31. n. / v. 主人; 主持（人） host 32. n. 生物学 biology 33. adj. 艰难的; 坚强的 tough 34. n. 闹钟 v. 使惊恐 alarm 35. n. 贡献，捐献 contribution 36. adv. 幸运地 fortunately 37. n. 选择；选修课 option 38. vt. 吸引 attract 39. n. 橄榄球 rugby 40. n. 书法 calligraphy 二、通过语境记单词：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上单词填空。注意时态语态的变化。 The Rugby Star's New Challenge Leo was a talented rugby player with great potential. His coach believed Leo could advance to the national team. However, Leo faced a tough challenge: his training attitude in class was poor, and he often missed study sessions. One day, his teacher made a proposal. She said, “To be a well-rounded individual, you must improve your studies. Effort in school builds character.” She reminded him that academic success required focus on detail. Leo decided to acquire better study habits. He used a special technique: reviewing material every night. Fortunately, the school’s faculty offered extra resources. He also joined a calligraphy club to practice patience. It was an amazing experience. Soon, Leo became more responsible and independent. He felt new confidence. His positive change began to attract attention. The school hosted an award ceremony. Leo received a prize for his contribution to sports and studies. He learned that equal dedication to both fields made him a better professional athlete. Now, Leo knows balance is the key. Every individual can grow with the right option and attitude. 橄榄球明星的新挑战 里奥是一位有巨大潜力的天才橄榄球运动员。他的教练相信里奥能进入国家队。然而，里奥面临一个艰难的挑战：他在训练课堂上的态度很差，经常缺课。 一天，他的老师提了一个建议。她说：“要成为一个全面发展的个体，你必须提高学习成绩。 在学习上的努力能塑造品格。” 她提醒他，学业成功需要注重细节。 里奥决定养成更好的学习习惯。他采用了一个特殊技巧：每晚复习资料。幸运的是，学校的教职工提供了额外的资源。他还加入了书法俱乐部来练习耐心。这是一次美妙的经历。 很快，里奥变得更有责任心和独立性。他感到了新的自信。他的积极改变开始引起注意。学校举办了一场颁奖典礼。里奥因他在体育和学习上的贡献而获奖。他明白了对两者付出同等的专注能让他成为更专业的运动员。 现在，里奥知道平衡是关键。每个个体都能通过正确的选择和态度成长。 三、词性转化练习 1. potential n. & adj. 潜力; 潜在的 → potentially adv. 潜在地, 可能地 2. acquire vt. 获得, 得到; 学到 → acquisition n. 习得, 获得 3. amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的 → amaze vt. 使惊奇，使惊愕 → amazed adj.（感到）惊讶的 → amazement n. 惊诧，惊奇 4. confidence n. 自信，信心→ confident adj.自信的→ confidently adv. 自信地 5. equal adj. & n & vt 相等的; 平等的; 同等的人, 相等物; 等于; 比得上 → equally adv. 同样地, 相等地 → equality n. 均等, 平等; 等式 6. responsible adj. 负责的, 负有责任的 → responsibly adv. 认真负责地; 可信赖地→ responsibility n. 职责，责任 7. independent adj. 独立的; 自立的 → independently adv. 独立地; 自立地 → independence n. 独立, 自主 → (反义, v) → depend 依靠 → dependent adj. 依赖的, 依靠的 → dependently adv. 依赖地, 从属地 → dependence n. 依赖，依靠 8. detail n. 细节, 细微之处 → detail vt. 详细说明, 详述 → detailed adj.详尽的,详细的 9. base vt. & n. 以……为基础; 根基, 底部; 基础 → based adj.（表语）基础的 → basic adj (定语). 最重要的, 基本的→ basis n. 基础, 要素; 理由, 根据 → basement n. 地下室,地库 10. remind vt. 提醒, 使想起 → reminder n. 提醒物, 引起回忆的事物 11. proposal n. 提议, 建议 → propose vt. 提议, 建议; 计划, 打算; 求婚 12. professional n. & adj. 职业的, 专业的; 专业人员, 专业人士 → professional n. 职业,行业 13. host n. 主人, 主持人, 东道主（男性）→ hostess n.女主(持)人，女东道主 14. contribution n. 贡献, 促成作用; 捐款, 捐助; 稿件, 投稿 → contribute vt & vi 捐赠, 捐助;（为……）做贡献; 促成, 投稿 → contributor n. 捐赠者, 作出贡献者; 促成因素; 撰稿人, 投稿人 15. fortunately adv. 幸运地 → fortunate adj. 幸运的 → fortune n. 命运, 好运, 财富,未来, 前途 → (反义) unfortunate adj不幸的，倒霉的 → unfortunately adv. 不幸地 16. option n. 可选择的事物, 选择, 选择权 → optional adj. 可选择的，选修的 17. attract vt 吸引 → attraction n. 有吸引力的事物; 吸引力 → attractive adj. 吸引人的 四、词性转换巩固练习：用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire (acquire) great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. (课本 p2) 【答案】to acquire 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：当你迎接挑战时，你将有机会获得丰富的知识并享受个人成长。短语“have the opportunity to do sth.”表示“有机会做某事”，其中“to”为不定式符号，后接动词原形，故填to acquire。 2. The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence (confident) in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country. (课本P 3） 【答案】confidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：可能性是无穷无尽的，并且我相信你有能力为你的家庭、你的社区以及我们的国家带来改变。短语“have confidence in sb./sth.”为固定搭配，意为“对……有信心”，其中“confidence”为不可数名词，在句中作动词“have”的宾语，故填confidence。 3.（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）It is (amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly. 【答案】amazing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个男孩能这么快地解决这个问题，真是令人惊讶。此处应用形容词作表语，修饰主语it所指代的事情，应用-ing结尾形容词amazing，意为“令人惊讶的”。故填amazing。 4.（2025高一下·广东佛山·期中）I hope I will develop (confident) in speaking English by joining an English-speaking club. 【答案】confidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我希望通过加入一个英语俱乐部，我能在说英语方面增强自信。根据句意可知，此处表示“增强自信”，应用名词confidence作宾语，表示“自信”，为不可数名词。故填confidence。 5. In modern times, men and women enjoy (equal) in many walks of life. 【答案】equality 【详解】考查名词。句意：在现代，男性和女性在生活的许多方面都享有平等的权利。根据句意可知，此处表示“享有平等的权利”，应用名词equality“平等”作动词enjoy的宾语，equality为不可数名词。故填equality。 6. A daily planner serves as a (remind) for high school students to stay organized and manage their time effectively. 【答案】reminder 【详解】考查名词。句意：每日计划可以提醒高中生保持条理，有效地管理他们的时间。空处作宾语，由a可知应用名词单数reminder，故填reminder。 7. I made a (propose) that we should have it debated for several times at the meeting. 【答案】proposal 【详解】考查名词。句意：我提议我们在会议上多次讨论这个问题。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，propose的名词形式是proposal“提议，建议”，作宾语。故填proposal。 8. (2025高一上·江苏淮安·阶段练习）Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi (base) on martial arts skills. 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：17世纪的中国武术大师陈王廷发展了以武术技巧为基础的太极拳。此处非谓语动词base与tai chi构成逻辑被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填based。 9. The school’s annual science fair is an (attract) event where students can showcase their creativity and research skills. 【答案】attractive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：学校一年一度的科学博览会是一个吸引人的活动，学生们可以在这里展示他们的创造力和研究技能。空处修饰名词event，应填形容词attractive作定语，故填attractive。 10. Each student’s (contribute) to group projects in high school is essential for the success of the entire team. 【答案】contribution 【详解】考查名词。句意：在高中，每个学生对小组项目的贡献对整个团队的成功至关重要。空处作主语，前面有名词所有格修饰，应用名词形式，故填contribution。 11. 2025高一下·四川成都·阶段练习）In the debate competition, the team members showed a (profession) attitude by preparing thoroughly and presenting their arguments logically. 【答案】professional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在辩论赛中，队员们充分准备，逻辑陈述，表现出了专业的态度。 空格前有冠词a，后接名词attitude，因此需要形容词修饰名词。profession（名词，职业）的形容词形式是professional“专业的”。故填professional。 12. French doctors tend to regard drug (dependent) as a form of deep-rooted psychological disorder. 【答案】dependence 【详解】考查名词。句意：法国医生倾向于将药物依赖视为一种根深蒂固的心理障碍。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用名词dependence“依赖”，作regard的宾语。故填dependence。 13. (fortunate), there is little prospect of seeing these big questions addressed. 【答案】Unfortunately 【详解】考查副词。句意：不幸的是，这些重大问题几乎没有得到解决的希望。结合语意，“这些重大问题几乎没有得到解决的希望”可知，这是“不幸的”，空处修饰整个句子，应用副词unfortunately，表示“不幸的是”，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Unfortunately。 14. As a citizen, we need to take (responsible) for advocating healthy lifestyle and looking after our own health. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名公民，我们有责任倡导健康的生活方式，照顾好自己的健康。分析句子可知，空处作take的宾语，名词responsibility“责任”符合题意，take responsibility for (doing) sth.是固定短语，意为“承担（做）某事的责任”。故填responsibility。 15.（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）For the past few years, Wuzhen (host) the World Internet Conference, which makes life in this ancient town much more convenient than it has been. 【答案】has hosted 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，乌镇主办了世界互联网大会，这使得这个古镇的生活比以前方便多了。根据时间状语For the past few years可知，此处用现在完成时态，主语是Wuzhen，第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has hosted。 16. My friend used to dislike the smell of cilantro, so finding himself to it because of the beef noodle soup would definitely be the last thing he wants to admit. (attract) 【答案】attracted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的朋友过去不喜欢香菜的味道，所以发现自己因为牛肉面汤而被香菜吸引肯定是他最不愿意承认的事情。空处是宾补，attract和宾语himself之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作宾补，故填attracted。 17. They are likely to respond (positive) to the President’s request for aid. 【答案】positively 【详解】考查副词。句意：他们可能会积极响应总统的援助请求。空处修饰空前的动词，应该用副词修饰。故填positively。 18. Apart from the compulsory exercises, there are also voluntary or (option) exercises. 【答案】optional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：除了强制练习外，还有自愿练习或选修练习。分析句子，设空处使用option的形容词optional作定语，修饰名词，意为“可选择的，选修的”。故填optional。 ❖ 重点词组 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出本单元所学词组。 存在于, 在于 lie in 能够处理 rise to 有影响 make a difference 充分利用 make the most of 利用 take advantage of 最后但同样重要的 last but not least 期待，期望 look forward to 由于 as a result of 坚持 stick to 随着时间流逝 over time 迫不及待做 can’t wait to do （做）贡献 make a contribution 二、通过语境记词组：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上词组填空。注意动词时态、语态等变化。 Leo's Green Dream Leo loved his town, but he knew its future lay in protecting nature. He decided to make a difference. First, he stuck to a simple plan: clean the riverbank every weekend. It was tough, but Leo always rose to challenges. He wanted to make the most of his time, so he also took advantage of social media to invite friends. Over time, more people joined. As a result of their hard work, the river became clean again. Last but not least, they planted trees. Leo felt proud to make a contribution to his community. Now, he looks forward to seeing birds return every spring. In fact, he can’t wait to start his next project: a community garden. 里奥的绿色梦想 里奥热爱他的小镇，但他知道它的未来在于保护自然。他决定要做出改变。首先，他坚持一个简单的计划：每周末清理河岸。这很艰难，但里奥总是迎接挑战。他想充分利用时间，所以还利用社交媒体邀请朋友们。 随着时间的推移，更多人加入了进来。由于他们的努力工作，河流再次变得清澈。最后同样重要的是，他们种下了树。里奥为能对社区做出贡献感到自豪。现在，他期待着每年春天看到鸟儿归来。事实上，他等不及要开始下一个项目：一个社区花园。 ❖ 疑难长句 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Who knows what beautiful work of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! （教材p3） 【结构解析】这是一个复合句。主句Who knows... (特殊疑问词引导的修辞疑问句)；后接三个并列的宾语从句（由what引导），分别为从句1 (what beautiful work of art you will create)；从句2 (what medical advances you will make)和从句3 (what amazing technologies you will develop)。本句为修辞性疑问句，不要求回答，旨在强调未来发展的无限可能性。 【译文】 谁知道你会创造出怎样精美的艺术品，实现怎样的医学进步，或是开发出怎样惊人的技术！ 【英汉互译】 1） Who knows what brilliant solution you will discover, what social problem you will solve or what inspiring movement you will start! 谁知道你会发现什么绝妙的解决方案，解决什么社会问题，或是发起什么鼓舞人心的运动！ 2）Who knows what breathtaking landscapes you will see, what fascinating cultures you will experience or what lifelong friendships you will form! 谁知道你会看到多么壮丽的风景，体验多么迷人的文化，或是结下多么深厚的友谊！ 2. Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.（教材p3） 【结构解析】这是一个全部倒装的句子（表语前置 + 系动词 + 主语）。前置表语为Of equal importance（介词短语作表语）；系动词are；good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude（三个并列名词短语）为后置主语。本句采用“表语 + 系动词 + 主语”倒装结构，来平衡句子节奏；介词短语“Of equal importance” 相当于“同等重要的”；并列主语通过连词“and”连接，形成排比效果。 【译文】同等重要的是良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。 【仿写训练】 1）同样重要的是规律锻炼、均衡饮食和充足睡眠。 Equally important are regular exercise, a balanced diet and adequate sleep. 2) 极具价值的是好奇心、创造力和尝试新事物的勇气。 Of great value are curiosity, creativity and the courage to try new things. 3. I’ve been told that schoolwork will present more of a challenge in the years ahead, and that the teachers will hold us to higher standards. （教材p5） 【结构解析】这是一个复合句。主句为I’ve been told... (被动语态的现在完成时)。从句为两个由that引导的并列宾语从句。从句1 (that schoolwork will present more of a challenge in the years ahead)；从句2 (that the teachers will hold us to higher standards)。本句式特点为“被动语态 + 并列宾语从句”，表达间接获取的信息或建议。 【译文】 有人告诉我，今后的学业会带来更多挑战，而且老师们会对我们提出更高的要求。 【仿写训练】 1) I have been warned that the competition will become fiercer in the next stage, and that we need to prepare ourselves more thoroughly. 有人告诫我，下一阶段的竞争会更加激烈，我们需要做更充分的准备。 2) 有人向我解释过，这个项目需要团队合作，并且每位成员的贡献都至关重要。 It has been explained to me that this project requires teamwork, and that every member’s contribution is significant. ❖ 阅读微技能 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 英语主题句：点亮思想的灯塔 英语主题句是段落的灵魂，它用最简洁的语言点明核心观点，为后续内容铺设清晰的轨道。一个好的主题句就像灯塔，指引读者迅速抓住重点，理解作者的思路方向。主题句通常位于段落开头，既是观点的宣言，也是逻辑的起点——学会写好主题句，你的表达将更有力，思维也将更清晰。主题句可能位于段落的开头、中间或结尾；也有可能没有直接说出，隐藏于字里行间，需要我们读者去自己归纳总结。请找出以下段落的主题句（若没有，请用自己的话写出）。 Passage 1 A positive teacher-student relationship builds the foundation for effective learning. When teachers show genuine care for students' growth, classrooms become safe spaces where curiosity grows. For instance, my math teacher always starts class by asking about our well-being, and this small gesture makes us feel valued. As a result, students participate more actively and are not afraid to make mistakes. Beyond academics, such relationships teach us respect, empathy (共情), and communication skills that last a lifetime. In this way, school becomes more than a place for books—it becomes a community where everyone supports each other’s journey. 主题句______________________________________________________________________ A positive teacher-student relationship builds the foundation for effective learning. 【详解】本段围绕“师生关系对学习的根本性影响”展开，而该主题句直接点明“积极的师生关系是有效学习的基石”。段落中所有支撑性内容——从教师关怀营造安全氛围（第2句）、具体事例（第3句），到产生的学习效果（第4句）与人格培养（第5句）——均是对这一核心观点的具体阐释。主题句成功统摄了所有细节，形成了“总-分”逻辑结构。具体来说：“positive relationship” 准确对应文中描述的师生互动特质（关怀、尊重、支持）；“foundation”一词点明了这种关系的根本性作用，与后文“safe spaces” “community”形成隐喻呼应； “effective learning” 不仅指学业进步（积极参与、不怕犯错），也涵盖了段落后半部分强调的终身技能培养（尊重、共情、沟通），完整覆盖段落双重内涵。 Passage 2 School life involves much more than attending classes and taking exams. It is a mix of challenges, friendships, and everyday discoveries that shape our character. However, the true heart of a meaningful school experience lies in the connections we form with our teachers. These connections turn abstract lessons into life guidance. I still remember how my English teacher stayed after school to help me practice speaking, patiently encouraging me until I gained confidence. That support went beyond the syllabus (课程大纲)—it showed me that education is about believing in someone’s potential. Thus, when teachers invest in students personally, learning becomes inspiring and purposeful. 主题句______________________________________________________________________ However, the true heart of a meaningful school experience lies in the connections we form with our teachers. 【详解】该句位于段落中部，起承上启下的作用。前两句描述校园生活的普遍内容，本句通过“However”转折，引出作者真正强调的核心——师生关系，使段落重心自然转移，逻辑推进有力。它明确点出段落的核心观点：有意义校园体验的本质在于师生间的联结。后文所有内容（英语教师的帮助、超越课堂的支持、学习变得有启发性）均围绕这一观点展开，是对该主题句的具体例证与延伸。主题句中的“connections”与后文的“stay after school”，“encouraging”，“support”和“invest personally” 等内容形成直接呼应，贯穿全段，确保主题统一。 Passage 3 In the rush of homework, exams, and extracurricular activities, it’s easy to see school as just a routine. Yet, the moments that stay with us are often simple: a teacher’s thoughtful advice before a big presentation, a group project where everyone collaborated (合作) kindly, or a conversation in the hallway that made us feel understood. These experiences remind us that education is not only about grades, but about growing as a person. Through daily interactions, teachers become mentors (导师) who guide not just our studies, but our attitudes toward challenges. Therefore, nurturing a supportive and respectful bond between teachers and students remains essential to a fulfilling school life. 主题句______________________________________________________________________ Therefore, nurturing a supportive and respectful bond between teachers and students remains essential to a fulfilling school life. 【详解】 该句位于段落末尾，以“Therefore”引出，是对前文所有描述和论述的自然总结与结论，符合“分—总”结构。前文通过具体事例（教师的建议、小组合作、走廊谈话）说明校园中令人铭记的瞬间，逐步导向“教育不仅是成绩更是成长”的认识。该主题句在此基础上提炼出师生关系是实现这种成长的关键，明确点出段落主旨。句中“supportive and respectful bond”直接呼应前文的师生互动事例，“fulfilling school life”则与前文“growing as a person”形成情感与逻辑上的升华，使段落收束有力、立意完整。 Passage 4 Effective learning in high school relies on strategic habits rather than mere effort. Many students believe studying longer guarantees better grades, but success often comes from smart techniques. For example, instead of just rereading textbooks, creating mind maps helps connect ideas visually, making complex subjects easier to understand. Regular review is also essential—spending 15 minutes each day reviewing notes reinforces memory more effectively than last-minute cramming (死记硬背). Additionally, practice through past exam papers builds both confidence and time management skills. When challenges arise, seeking help from classmates or teachers can clarify misunderstandings quickly. Ultimately, balancing focused study with breaks keeps the mind fresh and productive. With patience and the right methods, learning becomes not only manageable but also rewarding. 主题句______________________________________________________________________ Effective learning in high school relies on systematic methods and consistent practice rather than passive memorization. 【详解】本段开篇即对比“单纯耗时学习”与“策略性方法”，全文围绕“如何科学学习”展开。但是，文中并没有直接体现短文主题的句子。答案用 “systematic methods and consistent practice” 精准归纳了文中提到的所有具体方法（思维导图、每日复习、真题训练、主动求助等），并用 “rather than passive memorization” 直接对应原文批判的“rereading textbooks”和“cramming”，完整抓住了段落的对立逻辑。段落从具体方法（例：思维导图）延伸到长期习惯（每日复习），再上升到综合能力（时间管理、求助协作），最后强调平衡与心态。主题句中 “systematic” 对应方法体系，“consistent practice” 对应习惯养成，两者结合恰好覆盖段落从战术到战略的完整层次。 原文强调“strategic habits”, “smart techniques”和“right methods”，主题句通过 “rather than passive memorization” 鲜明体现了这一主动建构、反对机械重复的立场，与段落结尾“rewarding”形成价值观呼应。 ❖ 语法讲与练 （一） ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 句子成分：构成句子的基本单位 名称 定义 语法形式 例句 主语 句子陈述的对象，常由名词或代词等充当。 名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、ing形式 (动名词)、名词短语或句子。 Books inspire us. She is a doctor. One is enough. To learn is important. Swimming keeps you healthy. What he said is true. 谓语 说明主语的动作或状态。 必须由动词（短语）充当。可能是实义动词、系动词+表语、或情态动词+动词原形。有时态、语态和单复数的变化。 She teaches English. He can’t be a student. You has finished it. She writes beautifully. 宾语 动作的承受者，通常位于及物动词或介词后。 名词、代词、数词、不定式、ing形式 (动名词)、或从句 I love music. They helped us. I want only one. She wants to leave. We enjoy reading. I know that he is right. 表语 说明主语性质、特征、内容或身份, 位于连系动词后。 形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、不定式、现在分词、过去分词或句子。 The story is interesting. He became a teacher. The book is on the table. The show is to begin. The film is interesting. Tom was so excited. My question is when we’ll start. 定语 修饰名词，说明其特征等。 形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、ing形式、定语从句。 It’s a beautiful flower This is my book. I have 5 pens. The book on the desk is mine. It’s a developing country. This is a sleeping bag. Here is a letter written in pencil. I know the man who is talking. 状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，表示时间、地点、方式等。 名词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、状语从句 It’s Monday today. He works hard. She studies in the library. He came to help me. When I arrived, it was raining. 补语 补充说明主语或宾语的状态等。 形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、 They painted the door green. Let him in/out. We elected him monitor. I found the book under the table. He asked me to stand up. They saw Lily crying there. We found the teacher seated near the window. 同位语 在另一个名词或名词性短语之后，用来对前者进行补充说明、解释或重述，指代的是同一人、事物或概念。同位语主要起解释、标识、举例的作用。 名词/名词短语、代词、数词、同位语从句 Mr. Smith, our new English teacher, is very kind. (史密斯先生 = 我们的新英语老师。解释他是谁。) We two will finish the task. (我们 = 两个人，“two”是“we”的同位语) They both like fish. (他们 = 两个都，“both”是“They”的同位语) I love many fruits, for example, apples and bananas. (以苹果和香蕉为例，说明“许多水果”。) The news that our team won was exciting. (同位语从句，“消息”即“我们对赢了。”两者为同一内容。) 学以致用：划分以下短文各句的成分 The Shy Gardener 【答案】 Tom, a quiet boy in our class with curly brown hair, always seemed a bit lonely. Last 主语 同位语 状语 连系动词 表语 spring, however, he surprised everyone. During a science project, he carefully taught 状语 主 谓 宾 状 主 状 谓 us how to grow sunflowers from tiny seeds. He explained the process with great 间接宾语 直接宾语 主 谓 宾 patience, turning a simple activity into a shared adventure. The classroom, once just 状 状 主 a place for books, felt full of life when our plants finally sprouted. Because of Tom’s 非限制性定语 系动词 表 时间状语从句 gentle guidance, the project became a huge success. We learned a valuable lesson that 原因从句 主 连系动词 表 主 谓 宾 quiet people can be the most wonderful teachers. Tom’s smile, which we now saw more often, 同位语从句 主 定语从句 looked brighter than the summer sun. 连系动词 表 ❖ 语法讲与练 （二） ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 英语五种基本句型是句子的核心框架，具体如下： 1. 主谓（SV） 结构：主语 + 不及物动词 The sun rises. 2. 主谓宾（SVO） 结构：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 She loves music. 3. 主系表（SVP） 结构：主语 + 系动词 + 表语（说明主语状态或性质） He is a teacher. 4. 主谓间宾直宾（SVOod） 结构：主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语（人） + 直接宾语（物） I gave her a book. 5. 主谓宾补（SVOC） 结构：主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（补充说明宾语） We elected him president. 其实，所有的英语句子都由这五种基本结构扩展而成的，它们是我们造句的基础。 从以下短文中找出含五种基本句型的句子，每一种至少一句。 The Art of Growth Leo was a quiet boy with great potential. He faced a tough challenge: joining the school team felt impossible. His art teacher gave him a tip. "True strength is in your attitude," she said. She reminded him of his skill in calligraphy — a technique requiring focus on detail. Leo decided to rise to the challenge. He started a proposal for a school club. Fortunately, the headmaster approved. Leo used the art facility to hold meetings every week. He shared his professional knowledge based on patience. Over time, his club worked quite perfectly. As a result of his effort, the club became a great success. Last but not least, Leo organized an art exchange to make a contribution to the community. He felt amazingly confident. He learned that growth is about making the most of your own gifts. Now, Leo looks forward to each new day. He can’t wait to help others discover their positive power too. 【答案】 文中包含五种基本句型的句子： 1. 主 + 系 + 表：He felt amazingly confident. / True strength is in your attitude. 2. 主 + 谓：His club developed quite perfectly. / The headmaster approved. 3. 主 + 谓 + 宾： He started a proposal. / Leo organized an art exchange. 4. 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾：She gave him a tip. / She reminded him of his skill. 5. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补：He used the art facility 同hold meetings every week. / This made him a well-rounded individual. 【译文】 成长的艺术 里奥是个有巨大潜力的安静男孩。他面临一个艰难的挑战：加入学校球队似乎不可能。他的美术老师给了他一个建议。“真正的力量就在于你的态度，”她说。她提醒里奥他在书法上的技巧——这是一种需要注重细节的技艺。 里奥决定迎接挑战。他起草了一份成立学校社团的提议。幸运的是，校长予以了支持。里奥把美术教室作为每周召开会议的地点。他分享了基于耐心的专业知识。随着时间的推移，他的社团发展得相当完美。 由于他的努力，社团取得了巨大成功。最后同样重要的是，里奥组织了一场艺术交流活动，为社区做出贡献。他感到了惊人的自信。他明白了成长就是要充分利用自己的天赋。现在，里奥期待着每一个新的一天。他等不及要去帮助别人也发现他们积极的力量了。 ❖ 修辞讲与练 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 平行结构 (Parallel Structure) 平行结构是指在句子中，用相同的语法形式来表达同等重要的、并列的多个成分。简单说，就是“用相同的句式说同一类事”。如果句子中有两个或以上并列的成分，它们必须保持语法形式一致（如都是名词、都是动词不定式、都是动名词、都是从句等）。其作用如下： 1. 增强清晰度：使句子条理分明，易于理解。 2. 加强节奏感：产生韵律美，朗朗上口。 3. 突出重点：通过重复的结构强调并列的观点。 4. 体现逻辑性：显示各部分之间的平等并列关系。 Success requires patience, effort, and persistence.（名词）成功需要耐心、努力和坚持。 He opened the door, turned on the light, and sat down.（过去式动词短语）他打开门，打开灯，然后坐了下来。 Her goals are to graduate, to find a good job, and to travel the world.（不定式短语）她的目标是毕业、找到一份好工作以及环游世界。 Swimming, cycling, and running are good exercises.（动名词）游泳、骑自行车和跑步都是很好的运动。 The teacher said that we should study hard, that we must review regularly, and that we could ask for help.（that引导的宾语从句）老师说我们应该努力学习、必须定期复习、并且可以寻求帮助。 The trip was short, fun, and educational.（形容词）这次旅行简短、有趣、且富有教育意义。 The app is easy to install, simple to use, and free to update.（形容词+不定式结构） 这个应用程序易于安装、使用简单并且免费更新。 记忆口诀：并列成分，形式对称。是动都动，是名都名。前后一致，逻辑自明。 写作时需特别注意：由 and, or, but, not only...but also... 等连接的多个部分是否“长相一致”。 练习：仔细阅读Realizing Your Potential (pp2-3)这篇课文，找出其中含平行结构的句子。 【详解】以下是从文章中找到的含有平行结构的句子，这些句子通过并列相似的语法形式来增强表达的清晰度和节奏感： 1. The path before you leads to a world full of challenges: a new environment, new knowledge and new ways of thinking. 三个名词短语（a new environment, new knowledge, new ways of thinking）并列，结构一致。 2. Take advantage of your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school facilities. 三个动词短语（Take advantage..., learn from..., make use of...）并列，均以动词原形开头。 3. Join a club or two, and take an active part in different sports. 两个动词短语（Join..., take...）并列，构成祈使句的并列动作。 4. Carefully plan your study, set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities. 三个动词短语（plan..., set..., balance...）并列，均为祈使句的动词原形开头。 5. Be confident, do your best and make us proud! 三个动词短语（Be confident, do your best, make us proud）并列，均为祈使句的动词形式。 这些平行结构通过重复相似的语法形式，使句子结构更加平衡、有力，并增强了校长演讲的感染力和说服力。 1 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Unit 1 Back to school (必修一) （寒假复习讲与练） 考点聚焦: 关注核心考点，学考结合 重点速记: 词汇短语梳理，夯实基础 难点强化: 难点难点突破，能力提升 学以致用: 真题感知再现，助力高考 ----------------------------------------------- •‿• 单元知识回顾 •‿• ---------------------------------------------- 重点单词 potential, challenge, positive, acquire, effort, advance, amazing, confidence, resource, facility, equal, attitude, improve, well-rounded, individual, character, responsible, independent, focus, detail, tip, base, remind, proposal, technique, professional, material, poster, secondary, exchange, host, biology, tough, alarm, contribution, fortunately, option, attract, rugby, calligraphy 必备短语 lie in, rise to, make a difference, make the most of, take advantage of, last but not least, look forward to, as a result of, stick to, over time, can’t wait to do, make a contribution 疑难长句 1. Who knows what beautiful work of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! （教材p3） 2. Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.（教材p3） 3. I’ve been told that schoolwork will present more of a challenge in the years ahead, and that the teachers will hold us to higher standards. （教材p5） 阅读微技能 主题句 语法与修辞 句子成分、基本句型、平行结构 ❖ 重点单词 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出英文单词。 1. n. 潜力; adj.潜在的 2. n & vt 挑战 3. adj. 积极乐观的 4. vt 获得 5. n. 努力 6. n. 进步；前进v. 进步 7. adj. 令人惊喜的 8. n. 信心 9. n. 资源 10. n. 设施 11. adj. 相等的; 平等的v. 比得上 12. n. 态度 13. v. 改进 14. adj. 全面发展的 15. n. 个人 adj.个别的，单独的 16. n. 品质;特点;人物;文字 17. adj. 有责任的 18. adj自主的;独立的 19. n. 焦点 v. 集中 20. n. 细节 21. n. 提示；小费；尖端 22. n/v. 以...为基础 23. vt. 提醒 24. n. 提议; 建议 25. n. 技巧; 技能 26. adj. 专业的n.专业人 27. n. 材料 adj.物质的 28. n. 海报; (网上留言区)发消息的 29. adj. 中学的; 次要的 30. n./v. 交换; 兑换 31. n. / v. 主人; 主持（人） 32. n. 生物学 33. adj. 艰难的; 坚强的 34. n. 闹钟 v. 使惊恐 35. n. 贡献，捐献 36. adv. 幸运地 37. n. 选择；选修课 38. vt. 吸引 39. n. 橄榄球 40. n. 书法 二、通过语境记单词：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上单词填空。注意时态语态的变化。 The Rugby Star's New Challenge Leo was a talented rugby player with great . His coach believed Leo could to the national team. However, Leo faced a : his training in class was poor, and he often missed study sessions. One day, his teacher made a . She said, “To be a , you must your studies. in school builds .” She him that academic success required on . Leo decided to better study habits. He used a special : reviewing every night. , the school’s faculty offered extra . He also joined a club to practice patience. It was an . Soon, Leo became more and . He felt new . His change began to attention. The school an award ceremony. Leo received a prize for his to sports and studies. He learned that dedication to both fields made him a better athlete. Now, Leo knows balance is the key. Every can grow with the right and attitude. 橄榄球明星的新挑战 里奥是一位有巨大潜力的天才橄榄球运动员。他的教练相信里奥能进入国家队。然而，里奥面临一个艰难的挑战：他在训练课堂上的态度很差，经常缺课。 一天，他的老师提了一个建议。她说：“要成为一个全面发展的个体，你必须提高学习成绩。 在学习上的努力能塑造品格。” 她提醒他，学业成功需要注重细节。 里奥决定养成更好的学习习惯。他采用了一个特殊技巧：每晚复习资料。幸运的是，学校的教职工提供了额外的资源。他还加入了书法俱乐部来练习耐心。这是一次美妙的经历。 很快，里奥变得更有责任心和独立性。他感到了新的自信。他的积极改变开始引起注意。学校举办了一场颁奖典礼。里奥因他在体育和学习上的贡献而获奖。他明白了对两者付出同等的专注能让他成为更专业的运动员。 现在，里奥知道平衡是关键。每个个体都能通过正确的选择和态度成长。 三、词性转化练习 1. potential n. & adj. 潜力; 潜在的 → adv. 潜在地, 可能地 2. acquire vt. 获得, 得到; 学到 → n. 习得, 获得 3. amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的 → vt. 使惊奇，使惊愕 → adj.（感到）惊讶的 → n. 惊诧，惊奇 4. confidence n. 自信，信心→ adj.自信的→ adv. 自信地 5. equal adj. & n & vt 相等的; 平等的; 同等的人, 相等物; 等于; 比得上 → adv. 同样地, 相等地 → n. 均等, 平等; 等式 6. responsible adj. 负责的, 负有责任的 → adv. 认真负责地; 可信赖地→ n. 职责，责任 7. independent adj. 独立的; 自立的 → adv. 独立地; 自立地 → n. 独立, 自主 → (反义, v) → 依靠 → adj. 依赖的, 依靠的 → adv. 依赖地, 从属地 → n. 依赖，依靠 8. detail n. 细节, 细微之处 → vt. 详细说明, 详述 → adj. 详尽的,详细的 9. base vt. & n. 以……为基础; 根基, 底部; 基础 → adj.（表语）基础的 → adj (定语). 最重要的, 基本的→ n. 基础, 要素; 理由, 根据 → n. 地下室,地库 10. remind vt. 提醒, 使想起 → n. 提醒物, 引起回忆的事物 11. proposal n. 提议, 建议 → vt. 提议, 建议; 计划, 打算; 求婚 12. professional n. & adj. 职业的, 专业的; 专业人员, 专业人士 → n. 职业, 行业 13. host n. 主人, 主持人, 东道主（男性）→ n.女主(持)人，女东道主 14. contribution n. 贡献, 促成作用; 捐款, 捐助; 稿件, 投稿 → vt & vi 捐赠, 捐助;（为……）做贡献; 促成, 投稿 → n. 捐赠者, 作出贡献者; 促成因素; 撰稿人, 投稿人 15. fortunately adv. 幸运地 → adj. 幸运的 → n. 命运, 好运, 财富,未来, 前途 → (反义) adj不幸的，倒霉的 → adv. 不幸地 16. option n. 可选择的事物, 选择, 选择权 → adj. 可选择的，选修的 17. attract vt 吸引 → n. 有吸引力的事物; 吸引力 → adj. 吸引人的 四、词性转换巩固练习：用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire (acquire) great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. (课本 p2) 【答案】to acquire 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：当你迎接挑战时，你将有机会获得丰富的知识并享受个人成长。短语“have the opportunity to do sth.”表示“有机会做某事”，其中“to”为不定式符号，后接动词原形，故填to acquire。 2. The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence (confident) in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country. (课本P 3） 【答案】confidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：可能性是无穷无尽的，并且我相信你有能力为你的家庭、你的社区以及我们的国家带来改变。短语“have confidence in sb./sth.”为固定搭配，意为“对……有信心”，其中“confidence”为不可数名词，在句中作动词“have”的宾语，故填confidence。 3.（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）It is (amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly. 【答案】amazing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个男孩能这么快地解决这个问题，真是令人惊讶。此处应用形容词作表语，修饰主语it所指代的事情，应用-ing结尾形容词amazing，意为“令人惊讶的”。故填amazing。 4.（2025高一下·广东佛山·期中）I hope I will develop (confident) in speaking English by joining an English-speaking club. 【答案】confidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我希望通过加入一个英语俱乐部，我能在说英语方面增强自信。根据句意可知，此处表示“增强自信”，应用名词confidence作宾语，表示“自信”，为不可数名词。故填confidence。 5. In modern times, men and women enjoy (equal) in many walks of life. 【答案】equality 【详解】考查名词。句意：在现代，男性和女性在生活的许多方面都享有平等的权利。根据句意可知，此处表示“享有平等的权利”，应用名词equality“平等”作动词enjoy的宾语，equality为不可数名词。故填equality。 6. A daily planner serves as a (remind) for high school students to stay organized and manage their time effectively. 【答案】reminder 【详解】考查名词。句意：每日计划可以提醒高中生保持条理，有效地管理他们的时间。空处作宾语，由a可知应用名词单数reminder，故填reminder。 7. I made a (propose) that we should have it debated for several times at the meeting. 【答案】proposal 【详解】考查名词。句意：我提议我们在会议上多次讨论这个问题。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，propose的名词形式是proposal“提议，建议”，作宾语。故填proposal。 8. (2025高一上·江苏淮安·阶段练习）Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi (base) on martial arts skills. 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：17世纪的中国武术大师陈王廷发展了以武术技巧为基础的太极拳。此处非谓语动词base与tai chi构成逻辑被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填based。 9. The school’s annual science fair is an (attract) event where students can showcase their creativity and research skills. 【答案】attractive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：学校一年一度的科学博览会是一个吸引人的活动，学生们可以在这里展示他们的创造力和研究技能。空处修饰名词event，应填形容词attractive作定语，故填attractive。 10. Each student’s (contribute) to group projects in high school is essential for the success of the entire team. 【答案】contribution 【详解】考查名词。句意：在高中，每个学生对小组项目的贡献对整个团队的成功至关重要。空处作主语，前面有名词所有格修饰，应用名词形式，故填contribution。 11. 2025高一下·四川成都·阶段练习）In the debate competition, the team members showed a (profession) attitude by preparing thoroughly and presenting their arguments logically. 【答案】professional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在辩论赛中，队员们充分准备，逻辑陈述，表现出了专业的态度。 空格前有冠词a，后接名词attitude，因此需要形容词修饰名词。profession（名词，职业）的形容词形式是professional“专业的”。故填professional。 12. French doctors tend to regard drug (dependent) as a form of deep-rooted psychological disorder. 【答案】dependence 【详解】考查名词。句意：法国医生倾向于将药物依赖视为一种根深蒂固的心理障碍。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用名词dependence“依赖”，作regard的宾语。故填dependence。 13. (fortunate), there is little prospect of seeing these big questions addressed. 【答案】Unfortunately 【详解】考查副词。句意：不幸的是，这些重大问题几乎没有得到解决的希望。结合语意，“这些重大问题几乎没有得到解决的希望”可知，这是“不幸的”，空处修饰整个句子，应用副词unfortunately，表示“不幸的是”，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Unfortunately。 14. As a citizen, we need to take (responsible) for advocating healthy lifestyle and looking after our own health. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名公民，我们有责任倡导健康的生活方式，照顾好自己的健康。分析句子可知，空处作take的宾语，名词responsibility“责任”符合题意，take responsibility for (doing) sth.是固定短语，意为“承担（做）某事的责任”。故填responsibility。 15.（2025高一下·福建福州·期中）For the past few years, Wuzhen (host) the World Internet Conference, which makes life in this ancient town much more convenient than it has been. 【答案】has hosted 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，乌镇主办了世界互联网大会，这使得这个古镇的生活比以前方便多了。根据时间状语For the past few years可知，此处用现在完成时态，主语是Wuzhen，第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has hosted。 16. My friend used to dislike the smell of cilantro, so finding himself to it because of the beef noodle soup would definitely be the last thing he wants to admit. (attract) 【答案】attracted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的朋友过去不喜欢香菜的味道，所以发现自己因为牛肉面汤而被香菜吸引肯定是他最不愿意承认的事情。空处是宾补，attract和宾语himself之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作宾补，故填attracted。 17. They are likely to respond (positive) to the President’s request for aid. 【答案】positively 【详解】考查副词。句意：他们可能会积极响应总统的援助请求。空处修饰空前的动词，应该用副词修饰。故填positively。 18. Apart from the compulsory exercises, there are also voluntary or (option) exercises. 【答案】optional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：除了强制练习外，还有自愿练习或选修练习。分析句子，设空处使用option的形容词optional作定语，修饰名词，意为“可选择的，选修的”。故填optional。 ❖ 重点词组 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出本单元所学词组。 存在于, 在于 能够处理 有影响 充分利用 利用 最后但同样重要的 期待，期望 由于 坚持 随着时间流逝 迫不及待做 （做）贡献 二、通过语境记词组：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上词组填空。注意动词时态语态等变化。 Leo's Green Dream Leo loved his town, but he knew its future protecting nature. He decided to . First, he a simple plan: clean the riverbank every weekend. It was tough, but Leo always challenges. He wanted to his time, so he also social media to invite friends. , more people joined. their hard work, the river became clean again. , they planted trees. Leo felt proud to to his community. Now, he seeing birds return every spring. In fact, he start his next project: a community garden. 里奥的绿色梦想 里奥热爱他的小镇，但他知道它的未来在于保护自然。他决定要做出改变。首先，他坚持一个简单的计划：每周末清理河岸。这很艰难，但里奥总是迎接挑战。他想充分利用时间，所以还利用社交媒体邀请朋友们。 随着时间的推移，更多人加入了进来。由于他们的努力工作，河流再次变得清澈。最后同样重要的是，他们种下了树。里奥为能对社区做出贡献感到自豪。现在，他期待着每年春天看到鸟儿归来。事实上，他等不及要开始下一个项目：一个社区花园。 ❖ 疑难长句 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Who knows what beautiful work of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! （教材p3） 【结构解析】这是一个复合句。主句Who knows... (特殊疑问词引导的修辞疑问句)；后接三个并列的宾语从句（由what引导），分别为从句1 (what beautiful work of art you will create)；从句2 (what medical advances you will make)和从句3 (what amazing technologies you will develop)。本句为修辞性疑问句，不要求回答，旨在强调未来发展的无限可能性。 【译文】 谁知道你会创造出怎样精美的艺术品，实现怎样的医学进步，或是开发出怎样惊人的技术！ 【英汉互译】 1） Who knows what brilliant solution you will discover, what social problem you will solve or what inspiring movement you will start! 2）Who knows what breathtaking landscapes you will see, what fascinating cultures you will experience or what lifelong friendships you will form! 2. Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.（教材p3） 【结构解析】这是一个全部倒装的句子（表语前置 + 系动词 + 主语）。前置表语为Of equal importance（介词短语作表语）；系动词are；good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude（三个并列名词短语）为后置主语。本句采用“表语 + 系动词 + 主语”倒装结构，来平衡句子节奏；介词短语“Of equal importance” 相当于“同等重要的”；并列主语通过连词“and”连接，形成排比效果。 【译文】同等重要的是良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。 【仿写训练】 1）同样重要的是规律锻炼、均衡饮食和充足睡眠。 2) 极具价值的是好奇心、创造力和尝试新事物的勇气。 3. I’ve been told that schoolwork will present more of a challenge in the years ahead, and that the teachers will hold us to higher standards. （教材p5） 【结构解析】这是一个复合句。主句为I’ve been told... (被动语态的现在完成时)。从句为两个由that引导的并列宾语从句。从句1 (that schoolwork will present more of a challenge in the years ahead)；从句2 (that the teachers will hold us to higher standards)。本句式特点为“被动语态 + 并列宾语从句”，表达间接获取的信息或建议。 【译文】 有人告诉我，今后的学业会带来更多挑战，而且老师们会对我们提出更高的要求。 【仿写训练】 1) I have been warned that the competition will become fiercer in the next stage, and that we need to prepare ourselves more thoroughly. 2) 有人向我解释过，这个项目需要团队合作，并且每位成员的贡献都至关重要。 ❖ 阅读微技能 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 英语主题句：点亮思想的灯塔 英语主题句是段落的灵魂，它用最简洁的语言点明核心观点，为后续内容铺设清晰的轨道。一个好的主题句就像灯塔，指引读者迅速抓住重点，理解作者的思路方向。主题句通常位于段落开头，既是观点的宣言，也是逻辑的起点——学会写好主题句，你的表达将更有力，思维也将更清晰。主题句可能位于段落的开头、中间或结尾；也有可能没有直接说出，隐藏于字里行间，需要我们读者去自己归纳总结。请找出以下段落的主题句（若没有，请用自己的话写出）。 Passage 1 A positive teacher-student relationship builds the foundation for effective learning. When teachers show genuine care for students' growth, classrooms become safe spaces where curiosity grows. For instance, my math teacher always starts class by asking about our well-being, and this small gesture makes us feel valued. As a result, students participate more actively and are not afraid to make mistakes. Beyond academics, such relationships teach us respect, empathy (共情), and communication skills that last a lifetime. In this way, school becomes more than a place for books—it becomes a community where everyone supports each other’s journey. 主题句______________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 School life involves much more than attending classes and taking exams. It is a mix of challenges, friendships, and everyday discoveries that shape our character. However, the true heart of a meaningful school experience lies in the connections we form with our teachers. These connections turn abstract lessons into life guidance. I still remember how my English teacher stayed after school to help me practice speaking, patiently encouraging me until I gained confidence. That support went beyond the syllabus (课程大纲)—it showed me that education is about believing in someone’s potential. Thus, when teachers invest in students personally, learning becomes inspiring and purposeful. 主题句______________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 In the rush of homework, exams, and extracurricular activities, it’s easy to see school as just a routine. Yet, the moments that stay with us are often simple: a teacher’s thoughtful advice before a big presentation, a group project where everyone collaborated (合作) kindly, or a conversation in the hallway that made us feel understood. These experiences remind us that education is not only about grades, but about growing as a person. Through daily interactions, teachers become mentors (导师) who guide not just our studies, but our attitudes toward challenges. Therefore, nurturing a supportive and respectful bond between teachers and students remains essential to a fulfilling school life. 主题句______________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 Effective learning in high school relies on strategic habits rather than mere effort. Many students believe studying longer guarantees better grades, but success often comes from smart techniques. For example, instead of just rereading textbooks, creating mind maps helps connect ideas visually, making complex subjects easier to understand. Regular review is also essential—spending 15 minutes each day reviewing notes reinforces memory more effectively than last-minute cramming. Additionally, practice through past exam papers builds both confidence and time management skills. When challenges arise, seeking help from classmates or teachers can clarify misunderstandings quickly. Ultimately, balancing focused study with breaks keeps the mind fresh and productive. With patience and the right methods, learning becomes not only manageable but also rewarding. 主题句______________________________________________________________________ ❖ 语法讲与练 （一） ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 句子成分：构成句子的基本单位 名称 定义 语法形式 例句 主语 句子陈述的对象，常由名词或代词等充当。 名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、ing形式 (动名词)、名词短语或句子。 Books inspire us. She is a doctor. One is enough. To learn is important. Swimming keeps you healthy. What he said is true. 谓语 说明主语的动作或状态。 必须由动词（短语）充当。可能是实义动词、系动词+表语、或情态动词+动词原形。有时态、语态和单复数的变化。 She teaches English. He can’t be a student. You has finished it. She writes beautifully. 宾语 动作的承受者，通常位于及物动词或介词后。 名词、代词、数词、不定式、ing形式 (动名词)、或从句 I love music. They helped us. I want only one. She wants to leave. We enjoy reading. I know that he is right. 表语 说明主语性质、特征、内容或身份, 位于连系动词后。 形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、不定式、现在分词、过去分词或句子。 The story is interesting. He became a teacher. The book is on the table. The show is to begin. The film is interesting. Tom was so excited. My question is when we’ll start. 定语 修饰名词，说明其特征等。 形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、ing形式、定语从句。 It’s a beautiful flower This is my book. I have 5 pens. The book on the desk is mine. It’s a developing country. This is a sleeping bag. Here is a letter written in pencil. I know the man who is talking. 状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，表示时间、地点、方式等。 名词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、状语从句 It’s Monday today. He works hard. She studies in the library. He came to help me. When I arrived, it was raining. 补语 补充说明主语或宾语的状态等。 形容词\副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、 They painted the door green. Let him in/out. We elected him monitor. I found the book under the table. He asked me to stand up. They saw Lily crying there. We found the teacher seated near the window. 同位语 在另一个名词或名词性短语之后，用来对前者进行补充说明、解释或重述，指代的是同一人、事物或概念。同位语主要起解释、标识、举例的作用。 名词/名词短语、代词、数词、同位语从句 Mr. Smith, our new English teacher, is very kind. (史密斯先生 = 我们的新英语老师。解释他是谁。) We two will finish the task. (我们 = 两个人，“two”是“we”的同位语) They both like fish. (他们 = 两个都，“both”是“They”的同位语) I love many fruits, for example, apples and bananas. (以苹果和香蕉为例，说明“许多水果”。) The news that our team won was exciting. (同位语从句，“消息”即“我们对赢了。”两者为同一内容。) 学以致用：划分以下短文各句的成分 The Shy Gardener Tom, a quiet boy in our class with curly brown hair, always seemed a bit lonely. Last spring, however, he surprised everyone. During a science project, he carefully taught us how to grow sunflowers from tiny seeds. He explained the process with great patience, turning a simple activity into a shared adventure. The classroom, once just a place for books, felt full of life when our plants finally sprouted (发芽). Because of Tom’s gentle guidance, the project became a huge success. We learned a valuable lesson that quiet people can be the most wonderful teachers. Tom’s smile, which we now saw more often, looked brighter than the summer sun. ❖ 语法讲与练 （二） ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 英语五种基本句型是句子的核心框架，具体如下： 1. 主谓（SV） 结构：主语 + 不及物动词 The sun rises. 2. 主谓宾（SVO） 结构：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 She loves music. 3. 主系表（SVP） 结构：主语 + 系动词 + 表语（说明主语状态或性质） He is a teacher. 4. 主谓间宾直宾（SVOod） 结构：主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语（人） + 直接宾语（物） I gave her a book. 5. 主谓宾补（SVOC） 结构：主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（补充说明宾语） We elected him president. 其实，所有的英语句子都由这五种基本结构扩展而成的，它们是我们造句的基础。 从以下短文中找出含五种基本句型的句子，每一种至少一句。 The Art of Growth Leo was a quiet boy with great potential. He faced a tough challenge: joining the school team felt impossible. His art teacher gave him a tip. "True strength is in your attitude," she said. She reminded him of his skill in calligraphy — a technique requiring focus on detail. Leo decided to rise to the challenge. He started a proposal for a school club. Fortunately, the headmaster approved. Leo used the art facility to hold meetings every week. He shared his professional knowledge based on patience. Over time, his club worked quite perfectly. As a result of his effort, the club became a great success. Last but not least, Leo organized an art exchange to make a contribution to the community. He felt amazingly confident. He learned that growth is about making the most of your own gifts. Now, Leo looks forward to each new day. He can’t wait to help others discover their positive power too. 1. 主 + 系 + 表： 2. 主 + 谓： 3. 主 + 谓 + 宾： 4. 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾： 5. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补： ❖ 修辞讲与练 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 平行结构 (Parallel Structure) 平行结构是指在句子中，用相同的语法形式来表达同等重要的、并列的多个成分。简单说，就是“用相同的句式说同一类事”。如果句子中有两个或以上并列的成分，它们必须保持语法形式一致（如都是名词、都是动词不定式、都是动名词、都是从句等）。其作用如下： 1. 增强清晰度：使句子条理分明，易于理解。 2. 加强节奏感：产生韵律美，朗朗上口。 3. 突出重点：通过重复的结构强调并列的观点。 4. 体现逻辑性：显示各部分之间的平等并列关系。 Success requires patience, effort, and persistence.（名词）成功需要耐心、努力和坚持。 He opened the door, turned on the light, and sat down.（过去式动词短语）他打开门，打开灯，然后坐了下来。 Her goals are to graduate, to find a good job, and to travel the world.（不定式短语）她的目标是毕业、找到一份好工作以及环游世界。 Swimming, cycling, and running are good exercises.（动名词）游泳、骑自行车和跑步都是很好的运动。 The teacher said that we should study hard, that we must review regularly, and that we could ask for help.（that引导的宾语从句）老师说我们应该努力学习、必须定期复习、并且可以寻求帮助。 The trip was short, fun, and educational.（形容词）这次旅行简短、有趣、且富有教育意义。 The app is easy to install, simple to use, and free to update.（形容词+不定式结构） 这个应用程序易于安装、使用简单并且免费更新。 记忆口诀：并列成分，形式对称。是动都动，是名都名。前后一致，逻辑自明。 写作时需特别注意：由 and, or, but, not only...but also... 等连接的多个部分是否“长相一致”。 练习：仔细阅读Realizing Your Potential (pp2-3)这篇课文，找出其中含平行结构的句子。 1 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $