2026届高考英语外刊改编时文阅读 (科技)人工智能可能篡改人类记忆 练习

人工智能可能篡改人类记忆答案与解析 一、阅读理解题 答案 A 2. C 3. D 4. C 解析 第1题 考点：段落主旨题，考查对第二段核心内容的概括能力。 解析：第二段开篇指出洛夫特斯早期实验发现人类易被诱导记住未发生的事，随后解释核心原因——记忆并非过去的录像，而是大脑整合不同时段信息碎片的构建过程，这使得人类易受虚假记忆影响。A项“人类为何易产生虚假记忆”精准概括了该段逻辑（实验现象+原因解释）；B项“洛夫特斯如何开展早期实验”未提及，段落重点是实验结论而非过程；C项“记忆的录像模型是什么”与原文“memory is not a tape recording”相悖，属于反向干扰；D项“记忆碎片何时被收集”仅为构建过程的细节，非段落主旨。 第2题 考点：细节理解题，考查对特定实验信息的精准提取与判断。 解析：根据第三段对首个实验的描述：参与者观看无车辆的抢劫视频，AI聊天机器人提出含误导性问题（如“劫匪停车处附近有监控吗”），结果“聊天机器人组产生的虚假记忆是书面误导组的1.7倍，且虚假记忆持续一周”。C项“AI聊天机器人导致更多虚假记忆”与原文一致；A项“视频中劫匪乘车抵达”与“视频中无车辆”矛盾；B项“书面误导性问题更有效”与实验数据（AI组效果更强）相反；D项“虚假记忆一周后消失”与“false memories even lasted a week later”不符。 第3题 考点：细节查找题，考查对实验分组结果的定位能力。 解析：第四段明确说明“第三项研究使用AI修改的图像和视频：观看基于AI生成图像制作的AI视频的参与者，记忆扭曲率最高”。D项“观看基于AI生成图像的AI视频的人”与原文表述完全一致；A项“观看未修改图像的人”、B项“观看AI修改图像的人”、C项“观看AI修改图像视频的人”均非实验中记忆扭曲率最高的分组，属于对实验变量的混淆。 第4题 考点：推理判断题，考查对全文研究核心发现的归纳能力。 解析：文章多次强调关键发现：“即便人们知晓接触的是AI生成内容，AI仍能植入虚假记忆”（第一段、最后一段均提及）。C项符合该核心结论；A项“老年人不受AI记忆操控影响”错误，原文仅说“年轻人比老年人更易接受虚假记忆”，并非老年人完全不受影响；B项“教育程度能降低虚假记忆易感性”与原文“education levels didn’t affect susceptibility”相悖；D项“AI聊天机器人在记忆操控上比人类低效”未提及，原文仅对比了AI聊天机器人与书面误导的效果，未涉及与人类的对比。 二、七选五题 答案 C 2. A 3. D 4. E 5. B 考点：考查语篇逻辑连贯性，需根据上下文语义、逻辑关系（解释说明、因果、例证等）选择适配句子，重点关注代词指代、转折、递进等衔接线索。 解析： 1.空后句子“Unlike simple misinformation spreading, memory manipulation changes what people think they have experienced”将“记忆操控”与“简单虚假信息传播”对比，强调其特殊性。C项“这是一种比深度伪造更隐蔽的威胁”既承接前文“AI隐藏的危险”，又通过“更隐蔽”引出后文对记忆操控独特性的说明，形成逻辑衔接。 2.空后“Instead, it is a constructive process”中“instead”表转折，提示前文应是被否定的观点。A项“记忆并非事件的录像”与后文“而是构建过程”形成转折关系，且呼应第二段核心观点，符合语境。 3.空前提到“MIT研究人员开展三项关键实验”，空后通过“一项研究”举例说明实验结果（AI聊天机器人导致更多虚假记忆）。D项“他们发现AI在植入虚假记忆方面非常有效”起到总起作用，承接实验背景与具体结果，使逻辑连贯。 4.空前提到“另一项实验聚焦AI摘要和聊天机器人”，空后“更糟的是，他们还记住了更少的真实信息”进一步说明负面影响。E项“接触误导性AI内容的参与者产生了虚假记忆”先点明实验直接结果，再通过“what’s worse”引出递进影响，符合语义逻辑。 5.空后“年轻人更易接受虚假记忆，但教育程度无影响”是对实验结论的补充，说明AI操控记忆的影响因素。B项“AI能通过多种方式操控记忆”既总结前文三项实验（不同方式：聊天机器人、摘要、图像视频），又引出后文对影响因素的说明，起到承上启下作用。 三、完形填空题 答案 A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C 考点：考查词汇辨析、固定搭配、语篇逻辑推理，需结合上下文语义、语法规则及常识选择最优答案。 解析： 1.固定搭配“bring great changes to”意为“给……带来巨大变化”，符合语境（AI给生活带来变化）。A项“brought”正确；B项“taken”（带走）、C项“fetched”（取回）、D项“carried”（携带）均无法与“changes”搭配表示“带来变化”。 2.前文提到AI存在篡改记忆的威胁，洛夫特斯与MIT研究人员应是“探索”这一现象。A项“explore”（探索）正确；B项“ignore”（忽视）、C项“hide”（隐藏）、D项“praise”（赞扬）均与研究目的相悖。 3.呼应第二段“memory is not a tape recording of the past”，此处指记忆并非事件的“录像”。B项“tape recording”（录像带）正确；A项“book”（书籍）、C项“photo”（照片）、D项“story”（故事）均不符合原文对记忆的比喻。 4.记忆是大脑整合不同时段“收集”的信息碎片构建而成，C项“collected”（收集）正确；A项“forgotten”（忘记）、B项“invented”（发明）、D项“lost”（丢失）均不符合记忆构建的逻辑。 5.大脑的记忆构建过程使人类“易受”虚假记忆影响，固定搭配“be vulnerable to”意为“易受……影响”。B项“vulnerable”（易受伤害的）正确；A项“resistant”（抵抗的）、C项“blind”（盲目的）、D项“deaf”（聋的）均不符合语境。 6.“as expected”为固定短语，意为“正如预期的那样”，符合实验结果与预期一致的逻辑。A项“As”正确；B项“Less”、C项“More”、D项“Not”均无法构成该固定搭配，且与后文实验数据（AI组虚假记忆更多）不符。 7.前文提到“虚假记忆甚至持续一周”，B项“persisted”（持续）正确；A项“disappeared”（消失）、C项“changed”（改变）、D项“formed”（形成）均不符合“持续一周”的语义。 8.dishonest AI summaries会在人们阅读的故事中“植入”虚假细节，C项“insert”（插入）正确；A项“remove”（移除）、B项“avoid”（避免）、D项“protect”（保护）均与“dishonest”（不诚实的）所暗示的负面影响相悖。 9.接触误导性AI摘要的参与者不仅产生虚假记忆，还“记住”更少真实信息，A项“remembered”（记住）正确；B项“forgot”（忘记）与“less real information”搭配逻辑矛盾（应是记住更少，而非忘记更少）；C项“learned”（学习）、D项“understood”（理解）均不符合实验中“记忆提取”的语境。 10.固定搭配“the rate of memory distortion”意为“记忆扭曲率”，对应原文“had the highest rate of memory distortion”。B项“rate”（比率）正确；A项“speed”（速度）、C项“level”（水平）、D项“standard”（标准）均不符合搭配习惯。 11.原文明确“年轻人比老年人更可能接受虚假记忆”，D项“likely”（可能的）正确；A项“unlikely”（不可能的）与原文相反；B项“willing”（愿意的）、C项“careful”（谨慎的）均不符合实验结论（并非主观意愿，而是易感性差异）。 12.原文提到“参与者一开始就被告知会接触AI生成内容”，“at the outset”为固定短语，意为“一开始”。C项“outset”（开端）正确；A项“end”（结束）、B项“middle”（中间）、D项“process”（过程）均与原文表述不符。 13.呼应首段“subtle yet insidious threat”，AI对人类思维的影响比想象中更“隐蔽”。B项“subtle”（隐蔽的、微妙的）正确；A项“obvious”（明显的）与“subtle”相悖；C项“simple”（简单的）、D项“boring”（无聊的）均不符合原文对AI威胁的定性。 14.固定搭配“be aware of”意为“意识到”，符合语境（我们需要意识到这种记忆操控）。A项“aware”（意识到的）正确；B项“afraid”（害怕的）、C项“proud”（骄傲的）、D项“tired”（疲惫的）均不符合“提醒我们重视”的语义。 15.记忆操控会影响人类对“现实”的把握，C项“reality”（现实）正确；A项“dream”（梦想）、B项“fiction”（虚构）、D项“imagination”（想象）均与“记忆反映真实经历”的核心逻辑相悖。 四、语篇填空题 答案 has conducted 2. acquired 3. has amplified 4. were asked 5. written 6. less 7. than 8. on 9. did not affect / didn’t affect 10. reminds 考点：考查语法知识综合运用，包括动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词比较级、介词、代词等，需结合语境和语法规则填空。 解析： 1.时间状语“over the past few years”提示用现在完成时；主语“Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus”为单数，且与“conduct”（开展）是主动关系，故填“has conducted”。 2.此处为过去分词作后置定语，修饰“information”，“information”与“acquire”（获取）是被动关系，故填“acquired”。 3.结合上下文语义，AI“已经显著放大”了人类的这种易感性，用现在完成时强调对现在的影响；主语“AI”为单数，故填“has amplified”。 4.主语“some（participants）”与“ask”（询问）是被动关系，且实验发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填“were asked”。 5.固定搭配“in written form”意为“以书面形式”，形容词“written”（书面的）修饰“form”，故填“written”。 6.前文提到“retained less real information”，此处“and”表并列，用形容词比较级“less”修饰“confident”，表示“对真实细节的信心更低”，故填“less”。 7.句中“more false memories”提示用比较级结构“more... than... ”，故填“than”。 8.固定搭配“based on”意为“基于”，故填“on”。 9.前文“were more likely”用一般过去时，此处描述实验发现（教育程度无影响），也用一般过去时；否定形式借助助动词“did”，故填“did not affect / didn’t affect”。 10.此处描述研究带来的启示，用一般现在时；主语“This research”为单数，故填“reminds”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外刊改编高考英语时文阅读：（科技）人工智能可能篡改人类记忆 时文简讯：人工智能及相关技术带来的一项更为隐蔽且危险的威胁，是其篡改人类记忆的能力。心理学家伊丽莎白·洛夫特斯与麻省理工学院研究人员合作的多项实验表明，即便人们知晓接触的是AI生成的内容，AI仍能通过文字、图像、视频等多种形式植入虚假记忆，这一发现引发了对技术影响人类认知现实的广泛讨论，也为智能科技时代的信息安全敲响警钟。 近些年，外刊时文改编已成为高考英语试题的核心选材趋势。本材料聚焦AI技术的前沿争议话题，兼具科学性与现实意义，适配高考英语阅读、完形填空等题型的命题要求，可有效考查学生对说明性文本的理解、信息筛选及逻辑分析能力。 第二部分 阅读(共两节) 第一节阅读理解题（词数：378词） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Artificial intelligence (AI) and related technology pose a subtle yet insidious threat: its ability to tamper with human memories. Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, who has spent 50 years studying memory manipulation, has teamed up with MIT researchers to explore how AI can distort what we think we remember—even when people know they’re exposed to AI-generated content. Loftus’ early experiments showed that humans are easily manipulated into remembering non-existent events. She explained that memory is not a tape recording of the past but a constructive process: our brains build memories from bits and pieces collected at different times. This makes us vulnerable to false memories, especially when AI gets involved. MIT researcher Pataranutaporn led three key experiments. In the first, participants watched video footage of an armed robbery. Some were asked misleading questions by an AI chatbot, such as “Was there a security camera near the place the robbers parked the car?” (There was no car in the video.) Remarkably, the chatbot group formed 1.7 times as many false memories as those who received misleading questions in writing. The false memories even lasted a week later. Another experiment showed that dishonest AI summaries or chatbots can insert false details into stories people read. Worse still, participants exposed to these misleading AI contents retained less real information and felt less confident about the true details they recalled. The third study used AI-altered images and videos: participants who viewed AI-generated videos based on AI-created images had the highest rate of memory distortion. Notably, age played a role—younger people were more likely to adopt false memories than older ones—but education levels didn’t affect susceptibility. Most importantly, the false memories didn’t come from fooling people into believing AI content was real; participants were told at the outset that they’d see AI-created materials. 1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly explain? A. Why humans are prone to false memories. B. How Loftus conducted her early experiments. C. What the tape recording model of memory is. D. When bits and pieces of memory are collected. 2.What can we learn about Pataranutaporn’s first experiment? A. The robbers in the video arrived by car. B. Written misleading questions were more effective. C. AI chatbots caused more false memories. D. False memories disappeared after a week. 3.Which group had the highest rate of memory distortion in the third experiment? A. Those who saw unaltered images. B. Those who saw AI-altered images. C. Those who saw AI-modified image videos. D. Those who saw AI-generated image videos. 4.What is a finding of the research mentioned in the passage? A. Older people are not affected by AI memory manipulation. B. Education can reduce people’s susceptibility to false memories. C. AI can implant false memories even if people know it’s AI content. D. AI chatbots are less effective than humans in manipulating memory. 第二节七选五题（词数：295词） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 AI technology has brought many conveniences, but it also hides a hidden danger: the ability to tamper with human memories. Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus and MIT researchers have done a series of studies on this phenomenon. __________ Unlike simple misinformation spreading, memory manipulation changes what people think they have experienced. Loftus’ research over 50 years ago laid the foundation. She found that with proper suggestions, humans can easily remember things that never happened. 2. __________ Instead, it is a constructive process where brains put together bits and pieces of information. Now, AI has become a new tool for memory manipulation. MIT researcher Pataranutaporn led three key experiments. 3. __________ In one study, after watching a robbery video, participants who were asked misleading questions by an AI chatbot formed more false memories than those who got written misleading questions. Another experiment focused on AI summaries and chatbots. 4. __________ What’s worse, they also remembered less real information from the original stories. The third experiment used AI-altered images and videos. Participants exposed to AI-manipulated visual content had significantly more false memories than those who saw unaltered images. 5. __________ Younger people were more likely to adopt false memories, but education levels had no effect. A. Memory is not like a tape recording of events. B. AI can manipulate memory in various ways. C. This is a threat more subtle than deep-fakes. D. They found AI is highly effective in implanting false memories. E. Participants who got misleading AI content formed false memories. F. AI technology will soon replace human’s ability to remember things. G. People usually question the accuracy of AI-generated content. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节) 第一节完形填空题(词数：275词) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 AI and related technology have 1_______ t great changes to our lives, but they also carry a subtle threat: the ability to tamper with human memories. Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, who has studied memory for 50 years, teamed up with MIT researchers to 2. __________ this phenomenon. Loftus found that humans are easily manipulated into remembering things that never happened. This is because memory is not a 3. __________ of events, but a constructive process. Our brains build memories from bits and pieces of information 4. __________ at different times, which makes us 5. __________ to false memories. MIT researcher Pataranutaporn led three experiments. In the first one, participants watched a video of an armed robbery. Some were asked misleading questions by an AI chatbot. 6. __________ expected, the chatbot group formed 1.7 times as many false memories as those who received written misleading questions. The false memories 7. __________ for a week. Another experiment showed that dishonest AI summaries can 8. __________ false details into stories people read. Participants who read these summaries not only had false memories but also 9. __________ less real information. The third experiment used AI-altered images and videos. The group that watched AI-generated videos based on AI-created images had the highest 10. ________ of memory distortion. Notably, younger people were more 11. __________ to adopt false memories than older ones, but education levels had no effect. What’s more, participants were told at the 12. __________ that they would see AI-created content, but false memories were still implanted. This research reminds us that AI’s influence on our minds is more 13. __________ than we think. We need to be 14. ________ of such memory manipulation and pay more attention to how technology affects our grasp of 15. __________. 1.A. Brought B. taken C. fetched D. carried 2.A. explore B. ignore C. hide D. praise 3.A. book B. tape recording C. photo D. story 4.A. forgotten B. invented C. collected D. lost 5.A. resistant B. vulnerable C. blind D. deaf 6.A. As B. Less C. More D. Not 7.A. disappeared B. persisted C. changed D. formed 8.A. remove B. avoid C. insert D. protect 9.A. remembered B. forgot C. learned D. understood 10A. speed B. rate C. level D. standard 11.A. unlikely B. willing C. careful D. likely 12.A. end B. middle C. outset D. process 13.A. obvious B. subtle C. simple D. boring 14.A. aware B. afraid C. proud D. tired 15.A. dream B. fiction C. reality D. imagination 第二节语篇填空题(词数：218词) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a powerful tool in many fields, but it also poses a hidden threat: the ability to tamper with human memories. Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, together with researchers from MIT, 1. __________ (conduct) a series of studies on this issue over the past few years. Loftus explained that memory is not a tape recording of events but a constructive process. Our brains build memories from bits and pieces of information 2. __________ (acquire) at different times, which makes us vulnerable to false memories. Now, AI 3. __________ (amplify) this vulnerability significantly. In one experiment, participants watched video footage of an armed robbery. Some 4. __________ (ask) misleading questions by an AI chatbot. Surprisingly, the chatbot group formed 1.7 times as many false memories as those who received misleading information in 5. __________ (write) form. The false memories even persisted a week later. Another study showed that dishonest AI summaries can easily insert false memories into stories people read. Participants exposed to such summaries retained less real information and felt 6. __________ (little) confident about the true details they recalled. A third experiment used AI-altered images and videos. Participants who viewed AI-manipulated visual content reported significantly more false memories 7. __________ those who saw unaltered images. The group with the highest rate of memory distortion was the one that watched AI-generated videos based 8. __________ AI-created images. Notably, younger people were more likely to adopt false memories than older ones, but education levels 9. __________ (not affect) susceptibility. What’s more, the false memories didn’t rely on fooling participants—they were told at the outset they’d be seeing AI-created content. This research 10. __________ (remind) us to be wary of AI’s subtle effects on our minds. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $