第01讲 句子成分与基本句子结构（寒假复习讲义）高一英语人教版

第01讲 句子成分与基本句子结构（寒假复习讲义） 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 中考/高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 一、句子成分思维导图 二、句子结构思维导图 重点01 句子成分 知识精讲 一、英语句子的基础构成:主干+修饰 英语句子的核心是主干成分,是句子表达的核心意思;剩下的是修饰成分,用于补充细节,让句子更丰富。 二、主干成分（必须掌握，是理解长难句的基础） 1.主语（Subject） 定义及作用：是句子的动作发出者/被陈述的对象，一般由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、主语从句来充当 例句： The student works hard.（名词作主语） He is my teacher.（代词作主语） Reading is a good habit.（动名词作主语） 【考点再现】： （1） 请找出句子 “The flowers in the garden are very beautiful.” 的主语是什么。______________________ 答案：The flowers 解析：句子描述的是关于某物的状态（很美丽），“in the garden” 是用来修饰 “The flowers” 的定语，整体句子围绕 “The flowers” 展开，说明花的状态，所以主语是 “The flowers”。 （2）指出句子 “Playing football makes him happy.” 中真正的主语是什么。______________________ 答案：Playing football 解析：此句是动名词短语作主语的情况，虽然句子看起来有点复杂，但从结构上来说，是 “Playing football” 这件事让他开心，所以真正执行 “makes him happy” 这个动作的主体，也就是主语，是 “Playing football” 这个动名词短语。 2.谓语（Predicate） 定义及作用：是说明主语的动作、状态或者特征的部分，是句子的核心，必须由动词（或动词短语）来充当，分为简单谓语和复合谓语 （1）简单谓语：单个动词 例句：She smiles. （2）复合谓语：情态动词/助动词+实义动词；系动词+表语 例句：He can speak English.（情态动词+实义动词） 例句：The flower is beautiful.（系动词+表语） 【考点再现】： （1）The machine doesn’t work. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．宾补 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这台机器不运转了。主语（S）：The machine（这台机器）——动作的发出者；谓语（V）：doesn’t work（不运转）——由助动词“doesn’t”和实义动词 “work”构成，描述主语的动作或状态。由此可知，划线部分是谓语。故选B。 （2）指出句子 “She is singing a song beautifully.” 中的谓语动词是什么。______________________ 答案：is singing 解析：句子中 “is singing” 这个部分体现了主语 “She” 正在进行的动作，也就是正在唱歌，“is” 在这里是助动词，帮助构成现在进行时态，和 “singing” 一起构成谓语动词部分，所以谓语动词是 “is singing”。 3.宾语（Object） 定义及作用：是动作的承受者，一般放在及物动词或介词的后面，由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、宾语从句来充当，分为直接宾语和间接宾语 （1）直接宾语：动作直接作用的对象 （2）间接宾语：动作的接收者（一般是人） 例句： My mother gave me（间接宾语）a book（直接宾语）. I enjoy reading.（动名词作宾语） 【考点再现】： （1）请指出句子 “He showed his friends his new bike.” 中的间接宾语和直接宾语分别是什么。______________________ 答案：间接宾语是 “his friends”，直接宾语是 “his new bike”。 解析：在这个句子中，“showed” 是动词，带有双宾语结构，其动作针对的人 “his friends” 就是间接宾语，而展示的具体物品 “his new bike” 就是直接宾语。 （2）找出句子 “They enjoy playing basketball.” 中的宾语是什么。______________________ 答案：playing basketball 解析：“enjoy” 是及物动词，后面需要接宾语来使句子意思完整，在这里 “playing basketball” 这个动名词短语作为一个整体，是 “enjoy” 这个动作所涉及的对象，所以是宾语。 4.表语（Predicative） 定义及作用：放在系动词后面，用于说明主语的身份、特征、状态，由名词、形容词、代词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、表语从句来充当 常见系动词：be 动词；感官动词（look/sound/smell/taste/feel）；变化类动词（become/get/turn/grow）；保持类动词（keep/stay/remain） 例句： She is a doctor.（名词作表语） The food tastes delicious.（形容词作表语） My dream is to be a teacher.（不定式作表语） 【考点再现】： （1）Talking to him is a mistake.  划线部分的成分是 A．主语 B．表语 C．宾语 D．宾补 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：和他说话是个错误。分析句子结构可知，本句中，Talking to him为动名词作主语； is为系动词； a mistake为名词作表语。故选B项。 （2）指出句子 “He seems happy.” 中的表语是什么。______________________ 答案：happy 三、修饰成分（丰富句子细节，高考长难句中高频出现） 1.定语（Attribute） 定义及作用：用于修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征、数量等，分为前置定语和后置定语 （1）前置定语：放在被修饰词的前面，一般由形容词、代词、数词、名词来充当 例句：a beautiful girl；my book；three pens （2）后置定语：放在被修饰词的后面，一般由介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、定语从句来充当 例句： the girl in red（介词短语作后置定语） the way to solve the problem（不定式作后置定语） the boy standing there（现在分词作后置定语） the book written by Lu Xun（过去分词作后置定语） 【考点再现】： （1） 请找出句子 “The students from Class Two are very active.” 中修饰 “students” 的定语是什么。______________________ 答案：from Class Two 解析：“from Class Two” 是一个介词短语，它紧跟在名词 “students” 后面，用于说明这些学生来自哪个班级，起到了限定和描述 “students” 的作用，所以它是修饰 “students” 的定语。 （2）指出句子 “I like the book which has many pictures.” 中修饰 “book” 的定语是什么。______________________ 答案：which has many pictures 解析：“which has many pictures” 是一个定语从句，它的功能就是对先行词 “book” 进行修饰限定，进一步说明是有着很多图片的那本书，所以它是修饰 “book” 的定语。 2.状语（Adverbial） 定义及作用：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子，说明动作的时间、地点、原因、方式、目的、结果、条件、让步等，由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句来充当 例句： He runs quickly.（副词作方式状语） We will have a trip next week.（名词短语作时间状语） 【考点再现】： （1）I have offered to paint the house in exchange for a week’s accommodation. A．宾语 B．状语 C．表语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我主动提出粉刷房子，以换取一周的住宿。“I”为主语；“have offered”为现在完成时，作谓语；“to paint the house”是动词不定式作宾语；“in exchange for a week’s accommodation”是介词短语，在句中作状语。故选B。 （2）We had chemistry in the newly built lab.画横线的部分在句子中作_______成分。 A．宾语 B．状语 C．定语 D．表语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我们在新建的实验室里上了化学课。主语为We；had为谓语；chemistry为宾语；in the newly built lab为地点状语。故选B。 3.补语（Complement） 定义及作用：用于补充说明主语或宾语的状态，分为主语补足语和宾语补足语 主语补足语：补充说明主语的状态，一般放在被动语态的谓语后面 例句：He was found alone. 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的状态，一般放在宾语的后面，常和 make/let/have/get/ask/tell 等词搭配使用 例句：I made him happy. 【考点再现】： （1）I found most of classmates friendly and helpful .(挑出句中宾语补足语) A．I B．found C．most of classmates D．friendly and helpful 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我发现大多数同学都很友好和乐于助人。分析句子结构可知，found是谓语，most of classmates是宾语，friendly and helpful是宾语补足语，故选D。 （2）All of us considered him honest. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我们都认为他是诚实的。分析句子可知，All of us在本句中作主语； considered为谓语；him为宾语；honest为宾补，对宾语进行补充说明。故选C项。 四、特殊成分 同位语（Appositive） 定义及作用：用于对前面的名词或代词进行补充说明，一般由名词、代词、同位语从句来充当 例句： My friend, Lucy, is from the USA.（名词作同位语） The news that he will come is true.（同位语从句作同位语）） 【考点再现】： （1）在句子 “My brother John likes playing football.” 中，指出同位语是什么。______________________ 答案：John 解析：“John” 和 “My brother” 指的是同一个人，“John” 在这里是对 “My brother” 具体是谁进行了进一步明确的说明，所以 “John” 是同位语。 （2）指出句子 “Our headteacher, Mr. Li, is very kind to us.” 中的同位语是什么。______________________ 答案：Mr. Li 解析：“Mr. Li” 和 “Our headteacher” 说的是同一个人，“Mr. Li” 在此处的作用就是对 “Our headteacher” 具体是谁做了更详细的交代，所以 “Mr. Li” 是同位语。 好题精练 一、单项选择 1．In the sentence “It’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework.”, the underlined part is ________. A．宾语 B．主语 C．表语 D．状语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构和成分。句意：要习惯这么多家庭作业是相当困难的。分析句子结构可知，本句使用了“it be+adj.+to do...”句型，意为“做……是……的”，该句型中it是形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。所以划线部分to get used to all the homework是不定式作主语。故选B项。 2．The guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．表语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成份。句意：我旁边那个人一直想和我说话。The guy是句子主语，next to me是后置定语，修饰The guy，tried to talk to是谓语，me是宾语，the whole time是时间状语。故选A。 二、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 3．The students got on the school bus. 4．He handed me the newspaper. 5．I shall answer your question after class. 6．What a beautiful Chinese painting! 7．They went hunting together early in the morning. 8．The apples tasted sweet. 9．His wish is to become a scientist. 10．Tom came to ask me for advice. 11．He found it important to learn English. 12．Do you have anything else to say? 【答案】 3．主语 定语 4．宾语 5．谓语 状语 6．定语 7．状语 8．表语 9．主语 表语 10．状语 11．形式宾语 真正的宾语 12．定语 【解析】 3．考查名词。句意：学生们上了校车。分析句子结构可知，名词The students为主语；school修饰名词bus，为定语。故答案为主语，定语。 4．考查代词。句意：他把报纸递给我。代词的宾格形式me作动词handed的宾语。故答案为宾语。 5．考查动词和介词短语。句意：课后我将回答你的问题。shall answer为“情态动词+动词原形”，在句中作谓语，after class为介词短语，作时间状语。故答案为谓语，状语。 6．考查形容词。句意：多漂亮的中国画啊！形容词beautiful修饰名词Chinese painting，作定语。故答案为定语。 7．考查副词和介词短语。句意：他们一大早就一起去打猎。句中使用early作状语修饰介词短语，在句中作时间状语。故答案为状语。 8．考查形容词。句意：苹果尝起来很甜。形容词sweet用于感官系动词tasted之后，作表语。故答案为表语。 9．考查名词和不定式。句意：他的愿望是成为一名科学家。句子结构为主系表结构，his wish为句子的主语，不定式结构为表语。故答案为主语，表语。 10．考查不定式。句意：汤姆来向我征求意见。句中不定式结构为目的状语，故答案为状语。 11．考查代词和不定式。句意：他发现学习英语很重要。该结构中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语。故答案为形式宾语，真正的宾语。 12．考查不定式。句意：你还有什么要说的吗？句中使用不定式结构作后置定语对anything else进行修饰。故答案为定语。 三、分析句子，在下面的括号中写出画线部分在句中所做的成分。 S (subject)     V (verb)     O (object)     P (predicative)     Ad (adverbial) DO (direct object)    IO (indirect object)    OC (object complement)    At (Attributive) 13．There is an English Corner in our school.( ) 14．I have something interesting to tell you.( ) 15．The games were very useful in my life.( ) 16．She made her diary her best friend.( ) 17．I began school at six.( ) 18．I am looking forward to doing this.( ) 19．I have bought you some books.( ) 20．For Tim, that dream has come true!( ) 【答案】 13．S 14．At 15．S 16．OC 17．Ad 18．O 19．DO 20．V 【解析】 13．考查句子成分。句意：我们学校有一个英语角。分析句子可知，句子为“there be”句型，“there”放在句首时，句子要用全部倒装，“an English Corner”在句中作主语。故填S。 14．考查句子成分。句意：我有些有趣的事要告诉你。分析句子可知，“interesting”意为“有趣的”，形容词词性，作后置定语，修饰不定代词“something”。故填At。 15．考查句子成分。句意：这些游戏在我的生活中非常有用。分析句子可知，“games”意为“游戏”，名词词性，“The games”在句中作主语。故填S。 16．考查句子成分。句意：她把日记当成了最好的朋友。分析句子可知，句中涉及“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，“her best friend”在句中作宾语补足语。故填OC。 17．考查句子成分。句意：我六点开始上学。分析句子可知，“at six”意为“在六点”，在句中作时间状语。故填Ad。 18．考查句子成分。句意：我期待着这样做。分析句子可知，“to”为介词，后接动名词作宾语，“doing”在句中作宾语。故填O。 19．考查句子成分。句意：我给你买了一些书。分析句子可知，“buy sb. sth.”意为“给某人买某物”，“some books”在句中作直接宾语。故填DO。 20．考查句子成分。句意：对蒂姆来说，这个梦想已经实现了！分析句子可知，“come true”意为“实现”，为动词短语，“has come true”在句中作谓语。故填V。 四、选出下划线部分属于何种句子成分。 A主语    B．谓语    C． 宾语    D．表语    E.定语    F. 状语    G. 补语 21．Is it necessary for us to have a discussion meeting? 22．We saw her entering the room. 23．The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 24．I think it very important to study Chinese well. 25．The guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time. 26．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 27．He often goes to the country to see his grandparents. 28．I don’t feel awkward at all. 29．He even told us a funny story. 30．When we will send a team there has not been decided. 【答案】 21．A 22．G 23．A 24．C 25．E 26．G 27．F 28．D 29．C 30．B 【解析】 21．考查句子成分。句意：我们有必要开个讨论会吗？此处it为形式主语，动词不定式to have a discussion meeting为真正的主语。故选A。 22．考查句子成分。句意：我们看见她进了房间。her为宾语，entering the room对宾语作补充说明，为宾语补足语。故选G。 23．考查句子成分。句意：他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。定语从句that they visited in London对主语The first place作修饰，句子为主系表结构。The first place为主语。故选A。 24．考查句子成分。句意：我认为学好汉语很重要。it为形式宾语，动词不定式to study Chinese well为真正的宾语。故选C。 25．考查句子成分。句意：坐在我旁边的那个人一直想和我说话。next to me对主语The guy起到修饰作用，为后置定语。故选E。 26．考查句子成分。句意：我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好和乐于助人。friendly and helpful对宾语most of my classmates and teachers起到补充说明的作用，为宾语补足语。故选G。 27．考查句子成分。句意：他经常去乡下看他的祖父母。去乡下的目的是看望祖父母，所以此处to do不定式作目的状语。故选F。 28．考查句子成分。句意：我一点也不觉得尴尬。在系动词feel后形容词awkward为表语。故选D。 29．考查句子成分。句意：他甚至给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。句子中us为间接宾语，a funny story为直接宾语。故选C。 30．考查句子成分。句意：我们什么时候派队去那里还没有定下来。主语从句When we will send a team there为主语，has not been decided为谓语。故选B。 重点02 句子结构 知识精讲 高中英语的句子结构主要可以分为 5 种基础类型，同时还有在此基础上拓展的复合句结构，精讲如下： 一、五种基础简单句结构： 简单句的核心是只包含一套主谓结构，具体分为： 1、主语+谓语（vi.） 这类结构的谓语是不及物动词，本身语义完整，不需要接宾语 例句：The sun rises.（太阳升起） 例句：She laughed.（她笑了） 2、主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语 这类结构的谓语是及物动词，需要接宾语来补充完整语义 例句：I love English.（我喜欢英语） 例句：He reads books.（他读书） 3、主语+谓语+表语 表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态，常用的谓语是系动词（be 动词、感官动词、变化类动词等） 例句：She is a teacher.（她是一名老师） 例句：The flower smells sweet.（这朵花闻起来很香） 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 这类结构有两个宾语，间接宾语一般是人，直接宾语一般是物，部分动词可以在间接宾语前加介词 to/for 例句：My mother gave me a gift.（我妈妈给了我一个礼物） 例句：He bought her a pen.（他给她买了一支钢笔） 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的动作、状态等，和宾语一起构成复合宾语 例句：We made him monitor.（我们选他当班长） 例句：I find the movie interesting.（我觉得这部电影很有趣） 二、拓展的复合句结构 在简单句的基础上，通过连词连接，可以构成复合句，主要分为： 并列复合句：由并列连词（and/but/or/so 等）连接两个或以上的简单句，每个简单句都有独立的主谓结构 例句：I like English, but I am not good at it.（我喜欢英语，但是我不擅长它） 主从复合句：由从属连词连接，分为主句和从句，从句充当主句的某个成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语等） 主语从句例句：What he said is true.（他说的话是真的） 定语从句例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister.（站在那里的女孩是我的妹妹） 好题精练 一、单项选择 1．What is the sentence pattern (句型) of the sentence “He told us a funny story.”? A．S V A B．S V O C．S V IO DO D．S V O A 【答案】C 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：“他给我们讲了一个有趣的故事”这个句子的句型是什么？根据句意及句子分析可知，He是主语S，told是谓语动词V，us是间接宾语IO，a funny story是直接宾语DO。故选C。 2．Our teacher told us an interesting story. A．SVOC B．SVOO C．SVC D．SVO 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。A. SVOC主谓宾宾补；B. SVOO主谓宾宾；C. SVC主系表；D. SVO主谓宾。Our teacher为主语，told为谓语，us为间接宾语，an interesting story为直接宾语，句子为“主+谓+宾+宾”结构，即SVOO。故选B项。 3．Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. A．SVP B．SVO C．SP D．SVOC 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：从初中到高中的确是一种大的挑战。此处主语为Going from junior high school to senior high school，is为be动词，为表语 a really big challenge，为主系表结构。故选A。 4．Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!The basic structure of the sentence above is_______. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+C 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：当你在海上的时候，学习和做作业似乎更有趣！A. S+V(主+谓) ；B. S+V+O(主+谓+宾) ；C. S+V+P(主+系+表)； D. S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)。分析句子可知，主句中Studying and doing homework 为主语， seem为系动词，much more fun为表语；从句中you为主语，are为系动词，at sea为表语，所以本句的基本结构为主系表结构。故选C项。 5．He found his new book stolen. A．S V O B．SV IO DO C．S V O C D．S V P 【答案】C 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：他发现他的新书被偷了。A. S V O主谓宾结构；B. SV IO DO主谓宾宾结构；C. S V O C主谓宾补结构；D. S V P主系表结构。分析句子结构可知，He是主语，found是谓语，his new book是宾语，stolen是宾语补足语，句子是主谓宾补结构（S V O C）。故选C项。 二、分析句子成分并写出基本句型 6．The students agreed. 7．My sister is writing a letter. 8．I heard him sing a song. 9．He asked me to come back soon. 10．My teacher gave me a book. 11．His face turned red. 12．This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 13．There are many customs in the village. 14．A sports meeting will be held in our school next week. 15．I’ll spend the summer holiday in the countryside. 【答案】 6． 主语＋谓语 7．主语＋谓语＋宾语 8．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补 9．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补 10．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 11．主语＋系动词＋表语 12．主语＋系动词＋表语 13．there be 句型 谓语+主语+地点状语 14．主语＋谓语＋地点状语+时间状语 15．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 【解析】 6. 考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主谓结构，The students“学生们”是主语，agreed“同意”是谓语。 所以，这个句子的结构是：主语＋谓语。 7．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主谓宾结构，My sister“我的妹妹”是主语，is writing“正在写”是谓语，a letter“一封信”是宾语。所以，这个句子的结构是：主语＋谓语＋宾语。 8．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主谓宾宾补结构，I“我”是主语，heard“听到”是谓语，him“他”是宾语，sing a song“唱歌”是省略to的不定式作宾补。所以，这个句子结构是：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补。 9．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主谓宾宾补结构，He“他”是主语，asked“要求”是谓语，me“我”是宾语，to come back soon“快点回来”是宾补。所以，这个句子结构是：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补。 10．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主谓双宾结构，My teacher“我的老师”是主语，gave“给”是谓语，me“我”是间接宾语，a book“一本书”是直接宾语。所以，这个句子结构是：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。 11．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主系表结构，His face“他的脸”是主语，turned“变成”是系动词，red“红色的”是表语。所以，这个句子结构是：主语＋系动词＋表语。 12．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主系表结构，This“这”是主语，is“是”是系动词，an English-Chinese dictionary“一本英汉字典”是表语。所以，这个句子结构是：主语＋系动词＋表语。 13．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是there be 句型结构，many customs“许多风俗习惯”是主语，There are“有”是谓语，in the village“在村子里”是地点状语。所以，这个句子结构是：there be 句型 谓语+主语+地点状语。 14．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主谓状结构，A sports meeting“一场运动会”是主语，will be held“将被举办”是谓语，in our school“在我们学校”是地点状语，next week“下周”是时间状语。所以，这个句子结构是：主语＋谓语＋地点状语+时间状语。 15．考查句子结构。分析句子可知，这是主谓宾状结构，I“我”是主语，’ll spend“将度过”是谓语，the summer holiday“这个暑假”是宾语，in the countryside“在农村”是地点状语。所以，这个句子结构是：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋地点状语。 三、写出下列句子是什么简单句型。 16．Our school is not far from my home. 17．It is a great pleasure to talk with you 18．All of us considered him honest. 19．My grandfather bought me a pair of  sports shoes. 20．He broke a piece of glass. 21．He made it clear that he would leave the city． 22．At last he got home, tired and hungry. 23．Trees turn green when spring comes. 24．They pushed the door open. 25．Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 26．He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 27．All the students think highly of his teaching 28．We need a place twice larger than this one. 29．He asked us to sing an English song. 30．Don’t get nervous. Help yourself to what you like． 【答案】 16． 主语＋系动词＋表语 17．主语＋系动词＋表语 18．主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 19． 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 20．主语＋及物动词＋宾语 20． 主语＋动词＋形式宾语 it＋ 宾语补足语+宾语 22．主语 ＋不及物动词 23． 主语＋系动词＋表语 24．主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 24． 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 26．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 27． 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 28．主语＋及物动词＋宾语 29．主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 30．主语＋系动词＋表语 【解析】 16．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，our school为主语，is为系动词，not far from my home作表语，故此句子为“主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语”结构。 17．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，此句中it为形式主语，is为系动词，a great pleasure为宾语，to talk with you为真正的主语，故此句子为“主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语”结构。 18．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，all of us主语，considered为动词，him为宾语，honest为宾补，故此句子为“主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语”结构。 19．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，此句中my grandfather主语，bought动词，me为间接宾语，a pair of sport shoes为直接宾语，故此句子为“主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”结构。 20．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，he为主语，broke及物动词，a piece of glass为宾语， 故此句子为“主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语”结构。 21．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，he为主语，made及物动词，it为形式宾语，clear为宾语补足语，that he would leave the city为真正的宾语，故此句子为“主语＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语 it＋ 宾语补足语+宾语”结构。 22．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，he为主语，got为不及物动词，home作地点状语， 故此句子为“主语 ＋ 不及物动词”结构。 23．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，trees为主语，turn为系动词，green为表语，when spring comes为时间状语从从句，故此句子为“主语＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语”结构。 24．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，they为主语，pushed为动词，the door为宾语，open为宾语补足语， 故此句子为“主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语”结构。 25．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，grandma为主语，told为动词，me为间接宾语，an interesting story为直接宾语，故此句子为“主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”结构。 26．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，he为主语，wrote为动词，some letters为间接宾语，to his friends为直接宾语，故此句子为“主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”结构。 27．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，all the students为主语，think highly of为及物动词，his teaching宾语，故此句子为“主语＋及物动词 ＋宾语”结构。 28．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，we为主语，need为及物动词，a place twice larger than his one宾语，故此句子为“主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语”结构。 29．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，he为主语，asked及物动词，us为宾语，to sing an English song 为宾语补足语，故此句子为“主语＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语”结构。 30．考查句型。根据句子分析可知，此处为祈使句，省略了主语you，don’t get为系动词，nervous为表语，故此句子为“主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语”结构。 真题感知 一、单项选择 1．（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）She cooked her husband a delicious meal. A．S. V. ID．DO B．S. V. O. C．S. V. O. OC D．S. V. A． 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：她为丈夫做了一顿美味的饭菜。分析句子结构可知，She是主语，cooked是谓语，her husband是间接宾语，a delicious meal是直接宾语，因此句子结构是S. V. ID. DO。故选A。 2．（25-26高一上·江苏徐州·期中）What is the sentence structure of “The company offered the talented graduate a well-paid job immediately after graduation.”? A．SVO. B．SVOC． C．SVOA． D．SVOO. 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：“The company offered the talented graduate a well-paid job immediately after graduation.”的句子结构是什么？A. SVO主谓宾；B. SVOC主谓宾补；C. SVOA主谓宾状；D. SVOO主谓间宾直宾。在该句中，“The company”是主语，“offered”是谓语，“the talented graduate”是间接宾语，“a well-paid job”是直接宾语，“immediately after graduation”是时间状语，但句子的核心结构是“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”，也就是SVOO结构。故选D。 3．（25-26高一上·江苏徐州·期中）What is the sentence structure of “The nice smell from the kitchen made me feel hungry.”? A．SVOA． B．SVOC． C．SVOO. D．SVP. 【答案】B 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：“厨房里散发出的怡人香气让我感到饿了。”这个句子的结构是怎样的？The nice smell from the kitchen为主语；made为谓语；me为宾语；feel hungry为宾补，即为SVOC。故选B。 4．（25-26高一上·广东深圳·期中）The sentence structure of “My mother told us an interesting story.” is________. A．SVP B．SVO C．SVOO D．SVOC 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我的妈妈给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。My mother是主语，told是谓语，us是间接宾语，an interesting story是直接宾语，因此本句为主谓宾宾结构，即SVOO。故选C。 2、 判断并选择下列句子属于哪种句型。 （24-25高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习） A．主+谓+宾  B．主+谓  C．主+系+表  D．主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语  E. 主+谓+宾语+宾补 5．The police helped me. 6．The old man is reading a book. 7．Nothing is impossible. 8．He has brought us a special gift. 9．I found his sister listening to music attentively. 10．Our country has become stronger and stronger. 11．They are swimming in the pool. 12．She has owed me 500 dollars. 13．I’ll have my bike repaired. 14．He fell asleep. 【答案】 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．E 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．E 14．C 【解析】5．考查句子成分。主语为The police，谓语为helped ,宾语为me。句子为主谓宾结构。故选A项。 6．考查句子成分。主语为The old man，谓语为is reading ,宾语为a book。句子为主谓宾结构。故选A项。 7．考查句子成分。主语为Nothing，系动词为is，impossible为形容词。句子为主系表结构。故选C项。 8．考查句子成分。主语为He,谓语为has brought，us 为间接宾语，a special gift为直接宾语。句子为主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。故选D项。 9．考查句子成分。主语为I，谓语为found，宾语为his sister，宾语补足语为listening to music attentively。句子为主+谓+宾语+宾补。故选E项。 10．考查句子成分。主语为Our country，谓语为has become，表语为stronger and stronger。句子为主系表结构。故选C项。 11．考查句子成分。主语为They，谓语为are swimming。句子为主谓结构。故选B项。 12．考查句子成分。主语为She，谓语为has owed, me为间接宾语，直接宾语为500 dollars。句子为主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。故选D项。 13．考查句子成分。主语为I，谓语为will have，宾语为my bike，宾语补足语为repaired。句子为主+谓+宾语+宾补。故选E。 14．考查句子成分。主语为He，谓语为fell asleep。fall是系动词，接形容词作表，句子为主系表结构。故选C项。 三、写出下列句子中画线部分的成分 （24-25高一上·全国·课前预习） 15．I looked at them in panic. 16．The girl next to me gave me a nudge 17．The campus was quiet 18．We share the same name 19．The big day finally arrived. 20．He gave me a smile. 21．His words made me a lot more relaxed! 【答案】 15． A(状语) 16．S(主语)；Atr.(定语) 17．P(表语) 18．V(谓语)；O(宾语) 19．A(状语) 20．IO(间接宾语)；DO(直接宾语) 21．补足语 【解析】15．考查句子成分。句意：我惊慌地看着他们。主语是I“我”，谓语是look at“看”，宾语是them“他们”，状语是in panic“惊慌地”，故填A(状语)。 16．考查句子成分。句意：我旁边的女孩轻轻推了我一下。主语是The girl“那个女孩”，定语是next to me“在我旁边的”，谓语是gave“给”，间接宾语是me“我”，直接宾语是a nudge“轻轻推一下”，故填S(主语)；Atr.(定语) 17．考查句子成分。句意：校园很安静。主语是The campus“校园”，谓语是was“是”，表语是quiet“安静的”，故填P(表语) 18．考查句子成分。句意：我们有相同的名字。主语是We“我们”，谓语是share“分享”，宾语是the same name“同样的名字”，故填V(谓语)；O(宾语) 19．考查句子成分。句意：那个重大的日子终于到了。主语是The big day“那个重大的日子”，谓语是arrived“到来”，状语是finally“终于”，故填A(状语) 20．考查句子成分。句意：他给了我一个微笑。主语是He“他”，谓语是gave“给”，间接宾语是me“我”，直接宾语是a smile“一个微笑”，故填IO(间接宾语)；DO(直接宾语)。 21．考查句子成分。句意：他的话让我轻松多了！主语是His words“他的话”，谓语是made“使”，宾语是me“我”，宾语补足语是a lot more relaxed“更加放松”，故填补足语。 综合提升专练 一、阅读理解七选五 （25-26高一上·山东青岛·期中）Sleep is not just a passive activity; it’s an important process that affects every aspect of a teenager’s life. 1 Research shows that teens who get enough sleep - typically 8-10hours nightly-perform better in study, have reduced mood swings and stress, and even lower the risk of sports injuries. Not enough sleep can lead to serious health results, especially for developing minds and bodies. During deep sleep, the brain strengthens memories and processes information learned during the day, increasing neural connections that are key to keeping new knowledge. This is why staying up all night before exams often has the opposite effects. 2 Many factors contribute to poor sleep in teenagers, from busy schedules to body changes. 3 The blue light produced by smartphones, tablets, and laptops makes it harder to fall asleep and reduces sleep quality. Experts recommend turning off screens at least one hour before bedtime and keeping devices out of the bedroom to create a clearer separation between daytime activity and sleep. Creating a sleep-friendly environment is equally important for improving sleep habits. Keeping the bedroom cool, dark, and quiet, helps set the stage for restful sleep. Developing a regular bedtime habit also tells the body that it’s time to relax. 4 Remember, regular exercise promotes deeper sleep, but it’s best done earlier in the day as exercising too close to bedtime can have the opposite effect. 5 By creating a sleep-friendly environment, avoiding factors that influence sleep and engaging in regular exercise, teenagers can significantly improve their sleep quality and lead a healthier and more productive life. A．Diet also plays a key role in sleep quality. B．Electronic products are among the biggest causes. C．It’s the foundation for both mental and physical health. D．Their body clocks naturally change during the teenage years. E．This could include reading a book or practicing light exercises. F．In conclusion, enough sleep is of greatest importance for teenagers. G．The brain loses its chance to organize and store the material properly. 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．B 4．E 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡眠对青少年身心健康至关重要，充足睡眠有益学习、情绪等，睡眠不足影响记忆，电子产品是主要影响因素，可通过优化睡眠环境等方式改善睡眠质量。 1．前文“Sleep is not just a passive activity; it’s an important process that affects every aspect of a teenager’s life.( 睡眠不仅仅是一种被动的活动；这是一个影响青少年生活方方面面的重要过程。)”点明“睡眠是影响青少年生活各方面的重要过程”，后文“Research shows that teens who get enough sleep - typically 8-10hours nightly-perform better in study, have reduced mood swings and stress, and even lower the risk of sports injuries.( 研究表明，睡眠充足的青少年——通常每晚8-10小时——在学习上表现更好，情绪波动和压力减少，甚至运动受伤的风险也更低。)”通过研究数据说明“充足睡眠对学习、情绪、健康的积极作用”，空格需起到“总起下文，强调睡眠核心价值”的作用。C项“It’s the foundation for both mental and physical health.( 它是身心健康的基础。)”中“It”指代前文“sleep”，“foundation for both mental and physical health”（身心健康的基础）直接呼应后文“perform better in study, reduced mood swings, lower injury risk”等具体益处，衔接自然。故选C项。 2．前文“During deep sleep, the brain strengthens memories and processes information learned during the day, increasing neural connections that are key to keeping new knowledge. This is why staying up all night before exams often has the opposite effects.( 在深度睡眠期间，大脑加强记忆和处理白天学到的信息，增加神经连接，这是保持新知识的关键。这就是为什么考试前熬夜通常会产生相反的效果。)”提到“深度睡眠时大脑强化记忆、处理信息”，并指出 “考前熬夜适得其反”，空格需解释“熬夜为何效果差”，即大脑失去整理存储知识的机会。G项“The brain loses its chance to organize and store the material properly.( 大脑失去了正确组织和储存信息的机会。)”中“The brain”承接前文“the brain strengthens memories and processes information”，“loses its chance to organize and store the material”直接回应“考前熬夜的负面影响”，逻辑通顺。故选G项。 3．前文“Many factors contribute to poor sleep in teenagers, from busy schedules to body changes.( 很多因素导致青少年睡眠不足，从繁忙的日程安排到身体变化。)”提出“多种因素导致青少年睡眠差”，后文“The blue light produced by smartphones, tablets, and laptops makes it harder to fall asleep and reduces sleep quality.( 智能手机、平板电脑和笔记本电脑发出的蓝光会让人更难入睡，降低睡眠质量。)”具体说明“电子产品的蓝光影响入睡和睡眠质量”，空格需引出“电子产品这一关键因素”。B项“Electronic products are among the biggest causes.( 电子产品是主要原因之一。)”直接衔接后文对蓝光危害的描述，构成 “总述因素→具体解释”的逻辑。故选B项。 4．前文“Developing a regular bedtime habit also tells the body that it’s time to relax.( 养成规律的就寝习惯也会告诉身体是时候放松了。)”提到“养成规律的睡前习惯能让身体放松”，空格需举例说明“具体的睡前习惯”。E项“This could include reading a book or practicing light exercises.( 这可以包括读一本书或做一些轻松的练习。)”中“This”指代前文“regular bedtime habit”，“reading a book or practicing light exercises”（读书或做轻度运动）是典型的健康睡前习惯，符合语境。故选E项。 5．后文“By creating a sleep-friendly environment, avoiding factors that influence sleep and engaging in regular exercise, teenagers can significantly improve their sleep quality and lead a healthier and more productive life.( 通过创造一个有利于睡眠的环境，避免影响睡眠的因素，经常锻炼，青少年可以显著提高他们的睡眠质量，过上更健康、更有成效的生活。)”通过“创造睡眠环境、避开干扰因素、规律运动”等具体建议，总结“青少年如何改善睡眠”，空格需起到“总结全文，重申充足睡眠的重要性”的作用。F项“In conclusion, enough sleep is of greatest importance for teenagers.( 总之，充足的睡眠对青少年来说是最重要的。)”明确体现总结功能，“enough sleep is of greatest importance for teenagers”呼应文章开头“睡眠对青少年的重要性”，并引出后文改善睡眠的具体方法，首尾呼应。故选F项。 二、完形填空 （25-26高一上·浙江·期中）Last semester, our school library announced a book repair volunteer program. I hesitated at first, feeling 1 about my ability to make contributions. However, my teacher encouraged me to 2 the challenge. The following week, I found myself 3 an old, worn-out copy of The Little Prince. Its cover was torn, and some pages were loose. I felt a bit 4 , wondering if I could restore it. My classmate Lily noticed my 5 and offered to help. She had experience with book repair and taught me the 6 techniques. We spent several afternoons arranging the pages, 7 glue carefully, and strengthening the spine (书脊). At times, the work was 8 , but we kept going. Slowly, the book seemed to look 9 again. Through this process, I not only acquired a new skill but also 10 a deeper bond with Lily. On the day we returned the book to the library, the librarian smiled 11 and said, “You’ve given this book a new life.” Her words filled me with 12 . It was then that I realized that 13 effort and cooperation, we can overcome difficulties and create something meaningful. This experience taught me that helping others doesn’t always require 14 skills; sometimes, it just requires willingness and 15 . Now, I am always looking for opportunities to make a difference, no matter how small. 1．A．anxious B．confident C．excited D．curious 2．A．take down B．take off C．take up D．take in 3．A．buying B．donating C．borrowing D．holding 4．A．upset B．satisfied C．inspired D．embarrassed 5．A．excitement B．hesitation C．amazement D．annoyance 6．A．modern B．advanced C．complex D．basic 7．A．removing B．pressing C．applying D．wiping 8．A．challenging B．boring C．confusing D．relaxing 9．A．ugly B．ordinary C．new D．familiar 10．A．broke B．formed C．lost D．forgot 11．A．coldly B．warmly C．nervously D．seriously 12．A．pride B．regret C．doubt D．fear 13．A．without B．beyond C．through D．against 14．A．particular B．simple C．natural D．obvious 15．A．fame B．luck C．money D．patience 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者起初对参与图书修复志愿项目感到犹豫，后来在老师鼓励和同学Lily的帮助下，成功修复了一本破损的《小王子》，并从中收获技能与友谊的经历。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始我犹豫了，对自己的贡献能力感到焦虑。A. anxious焦虑的；B. confident自信的；C. excited兴奋的；D. curious好奇的。根据前文“I hesitated at first”可知，作者因不确定自己的能力而产生焦虑情绪。故选A项。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，老师鼓励我接受这个挑战。A. take down记下；B. take off起飞，脱下；C. take up开始从事；D. take in吸收。根据前文“my teacher encouraged me to”可知，老师鼓励作者参与项目，“take up the challenge”为固定搭配，意为“接受挑战”。故选C项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来的一周，我发现自己正拿着一本旧的、破损的《小王子》。A. buying买；B. donating捐赠；C. borrowing借；D. holding拿着。根据后文“restore it”及图书修复的场景可知，作者是“拿着”需要修复的书。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：书的封面撕裂，有些页码松散，我感到有点沮丧，想知道自己是否能修复它。A. upset沮丧的；B. satisfied满意的；C. inspired受鼓舞的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据前文“Its cover was torn, and some pages were loose.” 以及后文“wondering if I could restore it”可知，面对破损严重的书，作者因不确定能否修复而感到沮丧。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的同学Lily注意到我的犹豫并主动帮忙。A. excitement兴奋；B. hesitation犹豫；C. amazement惊奇；D. annoyance烦恼。根据前文“wondering if I could restore it. My classmate Lily noticed my 　5　 and offered to help.”可知，Lily注意到的是作者的焦虑和沮丧情绪。故选B项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她有图书修复经验，教我基础技巧。A. modern现代的；B. advanced高级的；C. complex复杂的；D. basic基础的。根据前文“wondering if I could restore it”以及“She had experience with book repair”可知，作者是新手，Lily作为有经验者应教授“基础”技巧。故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们花了几个下午整理页码，小心地涂抹胶水，加固书脊。A. removing移除；B. pressing按压；C. applying涂抹；D. wiping擦拭。根据后文“glue carefully”可知，修复图书时需要将胶水“涂抹”在书页上以固定页码。故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时工作有挑战性，但我们坚持下来了。A. challenging有挑战性的；B. boring无聊的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. relaxing放松的。根据后文“but we kept going”可知，工作有难度，即“有挑战性的”。故选A项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，这本书看起来又焕然一新了。​​A. ugly丑的；B. ordinary普通的；C. new新的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据前文“a book repair volunteer program”和后文“You’ve given this book a new life.”可知，修复后的书应恢复原本的样子，因此又“焕然一新”了。故选C项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过这个过程，我不仅学到了新技能，还与Lily形成了更深的羁绊。A. broke打破；B. formed形成；C. lost失去；D. forgot忘记。根据前文“My classmate Lily noticed my __5__ and offered to help.”可知，合作修复图书的过程中，两人“形成”了更深的羁绊。故选B项。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们把书还给图书馆的那天，图书管理员温暖地笑了，说：“你们给了这本书新的生命。”A. coldly冷淡地；B. warmly温暖地；C. nervously紧张地；D. seriously严肃地。根据后文“You’ve given this book a new life”可知，图书管理员对修复的书满意，因此“温暖地”微笑。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的话让我充满骄傲。A. pride骄傲；B. regret后悔；C. doubt怀疑；D. fear恐惧。根据前文“You’ve given this book a new life”可知，得到图书管理员的表扬，作者应感到“骄傲”。故选A项。 13．考查介词词义辨析。句意：那时我意识到，通过努力和合作，我们能克服困难创造有意义的事。A. without没有；B. beyond超过；C. through通过；D. against反对。根据后文“effort and cooperation, we can overcome difficulties and create something meaningful.”可知，“通过”努力和合作，我们才能够克服困难。故选C项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：帮助他人不需要特殊的技能；有时，只需要意愿和耐心。A. particular特殊的；B. simple简单的；C. natural自然的；D. obvious明显的。根据后文“sometimes, it just requires willingness”可知，帮助他人不需要“特殊的”技能。故选A项 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. fame名声；B. luck运气；C. money金钱；D. patience耐心。根据前文“We spent several afternoons arranging the pages, __7__ glue carefully, and strengthening the spine (书脊).”可知，修复图书需要细致和坚持，因此需要“耐心”。故选D项。 三、语法填空 （25-26高一上·江苏无锡·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In our daily life, we often come across various challenges. These challenges not only test our courage but also have a positive effect on our personal 1 (grow). English learning, for example, is a journey 2 are full of difficulties. We need to master grammar, expand vocabulary and improve our listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. When learning new words, we can use different methods. We can make flashcards, read English articles or watch English movies. What we should do is review on a daily basis in order that we can remember the words much 3 (good). Grammar is another important aspect. We shouldn’t simply understand the rules. Instead, we are supposed to prastice using them in different contexts. Sentence structures and tenses can be confusing at first, 4 with continuous practice, we can gradually master them. Listening and speaking skills can 5 (improve) by listening to English podcasts, watching English shows and communicating with native speakers or classmates. Don’t be afraid to make mistakes. Only by making mistakes can we learn and improve. Reading broadens our horizons and 6 (enrich) our imagination. We can start with simple books and gradually move on to more complex ones. Writing is a way 7 (express) our thoughts and ideas. We can keep a diary in English. We can also turn to teachers or classmates, and 8 (they) feedback (反馈) can help us improve our writing skills 9 (effective). In conclusion, learning English is a long-term process. 10 a strong mind and hard work, we can overcome the challenges and achieve success. 【答案】 1．growth 2．that/which 3．better 4．but 5．be improved 6．enriches 7．to express 8．their 9．effectively 10．With 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日常生活中的挑战对个人成长有积极影响，并以英语学习为例，阐述了学习英语需掌握的各项技能（词汇、语法、听说读写）及对应的方法，指出英语学习是长期过程，需坚定意志与努力才能成功。 1．考查名词。句意：这些挑战不仅考验我们的勇气，还对我们的个人成长有积极影响。空处作介词on的宾语，且被形容词personal修饰，应用名词形式，括号词grow为动词，其名词为growth，译为“成长”。故填growth。 2．考查定语从句。句意：例如，英语学习是一段充满困难的旅程。此处是定语从句，先行词是journey，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which引导从句。故填that/which。 3．考查副词。句意：我们应该做的是每天复习，以便能更好地记住单词。空处修饰动词remember，应用副词形式，good的副词为well，其比较级为better，“much + 比较级”表示“……得多”。故填better。 4．考查连词。句意：句子结构和时态一开始可能令人困惑，但通过持续练习，我们可以逐渐掌握它们。根据上文“can be confusing at first”与下文“gradually master them”可知，此处存在转折关系，应用连词but表示转折关系。故填but。 5．考查被动语态。句意：听说技能可以通过听英语播客、看英语节目以及与母语者或同学交流来提升。主语“Listening and speaking skills”与动词improve是被动关系，且情态动词can后接动词原型，此处用“be + 过去分词”。故填be improved。 6．考查时态。句意：阅读拓宽我们的视野，并且丰富我们的想象力。此处与“broadens”并列作谓语，主语Reading是动名词，视为单数，时态为一般现在时，应用第三人称单数形式。故填enriches。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：写作是一种表达我们想法和观点的方式。a way to do sth.是固定结构，表示“一种做某事的方式”，此处用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way。故填to express。 8．考查代词。句意：我们也可以向老师或同学求助，他们的反馈能帮助我们有效地提升写作技能。空处修饰名词feedback，应用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their。故填their。 9．考查副词。句意：我们也可以向老师或同学求助，他们的反馈能帮助我们有效地提升写作技能。空处修饰动词improve，应用副词形式，括号词effective为形容词，其副词为effectively。故填effectively。 10．考查介词。句意：凭借坚定的意志和努力，我们可以克服挑战并取得成功。此处表示“凭借；用”，应用介词with，句首单词首字母需大写。故填With。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲 句子成分与基本句子结构（寒假复习讲义） 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 中考/高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 一、句子成分思维导图 二、句子结构思维导图 重点01 句子成分 知识精讲 一、英语句子的基础构成:主干+修饰 英语句子的核心是主干成分,是句子表达的核心意思;剩下的是修饰成分,用于补充细节,让句子更丰富。 二、主干成分（必须掌握，是理解长难句的基础） 1.主语（Subject） 定义及作用：是句子的动作发出者/被陈述的对象，一般由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、主语从句来充当 例句： The student works hard.（名词作主语） He is my teacher.（代词作主语） Reading is a good habit.（动名词作主语） 【考点再现】： （1） 请找出句子 “The flowers in the garden are very beautiful.” 的主语是什么。______________________ （2）指出句子 “Playing football makes him happy.” 中真正的主语是什么。______________________ 2.谓语（Predicate） 定义及作用：是说明主语的动作、状态或者特征的部分，是句子的核心，必须由动词（或动词短语）来充当，分为简单谓语和复合谓语 （1）简单谓语：单个动词 例句：She smiles. （2）复合谓语：情态动词/助动词+实义动词；系动词+表语 例句：He can speak English.（情态动词+实义动词） 例句：The flower is beautiful.（系动词+表语） 【考点再现】： （1）The machine doesn’t work. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．宾补 （2）指出句子 “She is singing a song beautifully.” 中的谓语动词是什么。______________________ 3.宾语（Object） 定义及作用：是动作的承受者，一般放在及物动词或介词的后面，由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、宾语从句来充当，分为直接宾语和间接宾语 （1）直接宾语：动作直接作用的对象 （2）间接宾语：动作的接收者（一般是人） 例句： My mother gave me（间接宾语）a book（直接宾语）. I enjoy reading.（动名词作宾语） 【考点再现】： （1）请指出句子 “He showed his friends his new bike.” 中的间接宾语和直接宾语分别是什么。______________________ （2）找出句子 “They enjoy playing basketball.” 中的宾语是什么。______________________ 4.表语（Predicative） 定义及作用：放在系动词后面，用于说明主语的身份、特征、状态，由名词、形容词、代词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、表语从句来充当 常见系动词：be 动词；感官动词（look/sound/smell/taste/feel）；变化类动词（become/get/turn/grow）；保持类动词（keep/stay/remain） 例句： She is a doctor.（名词作表语） The food tastes delicious.（形容词作表语） My dream is to be a teacher.（不定式作表语） 【考点再现】： （1）Talking to him is a mistake.  划线部分的成分是 A．主语 B．表语 C．宾语 D．宾补 （2）指出句子 “He seems happy.” 中的表语是什么。______________________ 三、修饰成分（丰富句子细节，高考长难句中高频出现） 1.定语（Attribute） 定义及作用：用于修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征、数量等，分为前置定语和后置定语 （1）前置定语：放在被修饰词的前面，一般由形容词、代词、数词、名词来充当 例句：a beautiful girl；my book；three pens （2）后置定语：放在被修饰词的后面，一般由介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、定语从句来充当 例句： the girl in red（介词短语作后置定语） the way to solve the problem（不定式作后置定语） the boy standing there（现在分词作后置定语） the book written by Lu Xun（过去分词作后置定语） 【考点再现】： （1） 请找出句子 “The students from Class Two are very active.” 中修饰 “students” 的定语是什么。______________________ （2）指出句子 “I like the book which has many pictures.” 中修饰 “book” 的定语是什么。______________________ 2.状语（Adverbial） 定义及作用：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子，说明动作的时间、地点、原因、方式、目的、结果、条件、让步等，由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句来充当 例句： He runs quickly.（副词作方式状语） We will have a trip next week.（名词短语作时间状语） 【考点再现】： （1）I have offered to paint the house in exchange for a week’s accommodation. A．宾语 B．状语 C．表语 （2）We had chemistry in the newly built lab.画横线的部分在句子中作_______成分。 A．宾语 B．状语 C．定语 D．表语 3.补语（Complement） 定义及作用：用于补充说明主语或宾语的状态，分为主语补足语和宾语补足语 主语补足语：补充说明主语的状态，一般放在被动语态的谓语后面 例句：He was found alone. 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的状态，一般放在宾语的后面，常和 make/let/have/get/ask/tell 等词搭配使用 例句：I made him happy. 【考点再现】： （1）I found most of classmates friendly and helpful .(挑出句中宾语补足语) A．I B．found C．most of classmates D．friendly and helpful （2）All of us considered him honest. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．定语 四、特殊成分 同位语（Appositive） 定义及作用：用于对前面的名词或代词进行补充说明，一般由名词、代词、同位语从句来充当 例句： My friend, Lucy, is from the USA.（名词作同位语） The news that he will come is true.（同位语从句作同位语）） 【考点再现】： （1）在句子 “My brother John likes playing football.” 中，指出同位语是什么。______________________ （2）指出句子 “Our headteacher, Mr. Li, is very kind to us.” 中的同位语是什么。______________________ 好题精练 一、单项选择 1．In the sentence “It’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework.”, the underlined part is ________. A．宾语 B．主语 C．表语 D．状语 2．The guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．表语 二、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 3．The students got on the school bus. 4．He handed me the newspaper. 5．I shall answer your question after class. 6．What a beautiful Chinese painting! 7．They went hunting together early in the morning. 8．The apples tasted sweet. 9．His wish is to become a scientist. 10．Tom came to ask me for advice. 11．He found it important to learn English. 12．Do you have anything else to say? 三、分析句子，在下面的括号中写出画线部分在句中所做的成分。 S (subject)     V (verb)     O (object)     P (predicative)     Ad (adverbial) DO (direct object)    IO (indirect object)    OC (object complement)    At (Attributive) 13．There is an English Corner in our school.( ) 14．I have something interesting to tell you.( ) 15．The games were very useful in my life.( ) 16．She made her diary her best friend.( ) 17．I began school at six.( ) 18．I am looking forward to doing this.( ) 19．I have bought you some books.( ) 20．For Tim, that dream has come true!( ) 四、选出下划线部分属于何种句子成分。 A主语    B．谓语    C． 宾语    D．表语    E.定语    F. 状语    G. 补语 21．Is it necessary for us to have a discussion meeting? 22．We saw her entering the room. 23．The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 24．I think it very important to study Chinese well. 25．The guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time. 26．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 27．He often goes to the country to see his grandparents. 28．I don’t feel awkward at all. 29．He even told us a funny story. 30．When we will send a team there has not been decided. 重点02 句子结构 知识精讲 高中英语的句子结构主要可以分为 5 种基础类型，同时还有在此基础上拓展的复合句结构，精讲如下： 一、五种基础简单句结构： 简单句的核心是只包含一套主谓结构，具体分为： 1、主语+谓语（vi.） 这类结构的谓语是不及物动词，本身语义完整，不需要接宾语 例句：The sun rises.（太阳升起） 例句：She laughed.（她笑了） 2、主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语 这类结构的谓语是及物动词，需要接宾语来补充完整语义 例句：I love English.（我喜欢英语） 例句：He reads books.（他读书） 3、主语+谓语+表语 表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态，常用的谓语是系动词（be 动词、感官动词、变化类动词等） 例句：She is a teacher.（她是一名老师） 例句：The flower smells sweet.（这朵花闻起来很香） 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 这类结构有两个宾语，间接宾语一般是人，直接宾语一般是物，部分动词可以在间接宾语前加介词 to/for 例句：My mother gave me a gift.（我妈妈给了我一个礼物） 例句：He bought her a pen.（他给她买了一支钢笔） 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的动作、状态等，和宾语一起构成复合宾语 例句：We made him monitor.（我们选他当班长） 例句：I find the movie interesting.（我觉得这部电影很有趣） 二、拓展的复合句结构 在简单句的基础上，通过连词连接，可以构成复合句，主要分为： 并列复合句：由并列连词（and/but/or/so 等）连接两个或以上的简单句，每个简单句都有独立的主谓结构 例句：I like English, but I am not good at it.（我喜欢英语，但是我不擅长它） 主从复合句：由从属连词连接，分为主句和从句，从句充当主句的某个成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语等） 主语从句例句：What he said is true.（他说的话是真的） 定语从句例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister.（站在那里的女孩是我的妹妹） 好题精练 一、单项选择 1．What is the sentence pattern (句型) of the sentence “He told us a funny story.”? A．S V A B．S V O C．S V IO DO D．S V O A 2．Our teacher told us an interesting story. A．SVOC B．SVOO C．SVC D．SVO 3．Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. A．SVP B．SVO C．SP D．SVOC 4．Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!The basic structure of the sentence above is_______. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+C 5．He found his new book stolen. A．S V O B．SV IO DO C．S V O C D．S V P 二、分析句子成分并写出基本句型 6．The students agreed. 7．My sister is writing a letter. 8．I heard him sing a song. 9．He asked me to come back soon. 10．My teacher gave me a book. 11．His face turned red. 12．This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 13．There are many customs in the village. 14．A sports meeting will be held in our school next week. 15．I’ll spend the summer holiday in the countryside. 三、写出下列句子是什么简单句型。 16．Our school is not far from my home. 17．It is a great pleasure to talk with you 18．All of us considered him honest. 19．My grandfather bought me a pair of  sports shoes. 20．He broke a piece of glass. 21．He made it clear that he would leave the city． 22．At last he got home, tired and hungry. 23．Trees turn green when spring comes. 24．They pushed the door open. 25．Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 26．He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 27．All the students think highly of his teaching 28．We need a place twice larger than this one. 29．He asked us to sing an English song. 30．Don’t get nervous. Help yourself to what you like． 真题感知 一、单项选择 1．（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）She cooked her husband a delicious meal. A．S. V. ID．DO B．S. V. O. C．S. V. O. OC D．S. V. A． 2．（25-26高一上·江苏徐州·期中）What is the sentence structure of “The company offered the talented graduate a well-paid job immediately after graduation.”? A．SVO. B．SVOC． C．SVOA． D．SVOO. 3．（25-26高一上·江苏徐州·期中）What is the sentence structure of “The nice smell from the kitchen made me feel hungry.”? A．SVOA． B．SVOC． C．SVOO. D．SVP. 4．（25-26高一上·广东深圳·期中）The sentence structure of “My mother told us an interesting story.” is________. A．SVP B．SVO C．SVOO D．SVOC 2、 判断并选择下列句子属于哪种句型。 （24-25高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习） A．主+谓+宾  B．主+谓  C．主+系+表  D．主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语  E. 主+谓+宾语+宾补 5．The police helped me. 6．The old man is reading a book. 7．Nothing is impossible. 8．He has brought us a special gift. 9．I found his sister listening to music attentively. 10．Our country has become stronger and stronger. 11．They are swimming in the pool. 12．She has owed me 500 dollars. 13．I’ll have my bike repaired. 14．He fell asleep. 三、写出下列句子中画线部分的成分 （24-25高一上·全国·课前预习） 15．I looked at them in panic. 16．The girl next to me gave me a nudge 17．The campus was quiet 18．We share the same name 19．The big day finally arrived. 20．He gave me a smile. 21．His words made me a lot more relaxed! 综合提升专练 一、阅读理解七选五 （25-26高一上·山东青岛·期中）Sleep is not just a passive activity; it’s an important process that affects every aspect of a teenager’s life. 1 Research shows that teens who get enough sleep - typically 8-10hours nightly-perform better in study, have reduced mood swings and stress, and even lower the risk of sports injuries. Not enough sleep can lead to serious health results, especially for developing minds and bodies. During deep sleep, the brain strengthens memories and processes information learned during the day, increasing neural connections that are key to keeping new knowledge. This is why staying up all night before exams often has the opposite effects. 2 Many factors contribute to poor sleep in teenagers, from busy schedules to body changes. 3 The blue light produced by smartphones, tablets, and laptops makes it harder to fall asleep and reduces sleep quality. Experts recommend turning off screens at least one hour before bedtime and keeping devices out of the bedroom to create a clearer separation between daytime activity and sleep. Creating a sleep-friendly environment is equally important for improving sleep habits. Keeping the bedroom cool, dark, and quiet, helps set the stage for restful sleep. Developing a regular bedtime habit also tells the body that it’s time to relax. 4 Remember, regular exercise promotes deeper sleep, but it’s best done earlier in the day as exercising too close to bedtime can have the opposite effect. 5 By creating a sleep-friendly environment, avoiding factors that influence sleep and engaging in regular exercise, teenagers can significantly improve their sleep quality and lead a healthier and more productive life. A．Diet also plays a key role in sleep quality. B．Electronic products are among the biggest causes. C．It’s the foundation for both mental and physical health. D．Their body clocks naturally change during the teenage years. E．This could include reading a book or practicing light exercises. F．In conclusion, enough sleep is of greatest importance for teenagers. G．The brain loses its chance to organize and store the material properly. 二、完形填空 （25-26高一上·浙江·期中）Last semester, our school library announced a book repair volunteer program. I hesitated at first, feeling 1 about my ability to make contributions. However, my teacher encouraged me to 2 the challenge. The following week, I found myself 3 an old, worn-out copy of The Little Prince. Its cover was torn, and some pages were loose. I felt a bit 4 , wondering if I could restore it. My classmate Lily noticed my 5 and offered to help. She had experience with book repair and taught me the 6 techniques. We spent several afternoons arranging the pages, 7 glue carefully, and strengthening the spine (书脊). At times, the work was 8 , but we kept going. Slowly, the book seemed to look 9 again. Through this process, I not only acquired a new skill but also 10 a deeper bond with Lily. On the day we returned the book to the library, the librarian smiled 11 and said, “You’ve given this book a new life.” Her words filled me with 12 . It was then that I realized that 13 effort and cooperation, we can overcome difficulties and create something meaningful. This experience taught me that helping others doesn’t always require 14 skills; sometimes, it just requires willingness and 15 . Now, I am always looking for opportunities to make a difference, no matter how small. 1．A．anxious B．confident C．excited D．curious 2．A．take down B．take off C．take up D．take in 3．A．buying B．donating C．borrowing D．holding 4．A．upset B．satisfied C．inspired D．embarrassed 5．A．excitement B．hesitation C．amazement D．annoyance 6．A．modern B．advanced C．complex D．basic 7．A．removing B．pressing C．applying D．wiping 8．A．challenging B．boring C．confusing D．relaxing 9．A．ugly B．ordinary C．new D．familiar 10．A．broke B．formed C．lost D．forgot 11．A．coldly B．warmly C．nervously D．seriously 12．A．pride B．regret C．doubt D．fear 13．A．without B．beyond C．through D．against 14．A．particular B．simple C．natural D．obvious 15．A．fame B．luck C．money D．patience 三、语法填空 （25-26高一上·江苏无锡·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In our daily life, we often come across various challenges. These challenges not only test our courage but also have a positive effect on our personal 1 (grow). English learning, for example, is a journey 2 are full of difficulties. We need to master grammar, expand vocabulary and improve our listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. When learning new words, we can use different methods. We can make flashcards, read English articles or watch English movies. What we should do is review on a daily basis in order that we can remember the words much 3 (good). Grammar is another important aspect. We shouldn’t simply understand the rules. Instead, we are supposed to prastice using them in different contexts. Sentence structures and tenses can be confusing at first, 4 with continuous practice, we can gradually master them. Listening and speaking skills can 5 (improve) by listening to English podcasts, watching English shows and communicating with native speakers or classmates. Don’t be afraid to make mistakes. Only by making mistakes can we learn and improve. Reading broadens our horizons and 6 (enrich) our imagination. We can start with simple books and gradually move on to more complex ones. Writing is a way 7 (express) our thoughts and ideas. We can keep a diary in English. We can also turn to teachers or classmates, and 8 (they) feedback (反馈) can help us improve our writing skills 9 (effective). In conclusion, learning English is a long-term process. 10 a strong mind and hard work, we can overcome the challenges and achieve success. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $