专题06 核心知识点+题型训练（选择性必修二）（寒假复习讲义）高二英语外研版

专题06核心知识点+题型训练(选择性必修二)（寒假复习讲义） 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 考点一 Unit 1 Growing up 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） ceremony（仪式）、majority（大多数）、concern（担忧；关心）、encouragement（鼓励）、suggestion（建议）、emotion（情感）、memorable（难忘的）、inspire（激励）、adolescent（青少年）、mature（成熟的）、responsibility（责任）、independence（独立）、challenge（挑战）、ambition（抱负）、identity（身份）、peer（同龄人）、pressure（压力）、transition（过渡）、milestone（里程碑）、reflect（反思） 核心短语（15个） grow up（成长）、be concerned about（对……担忧）、give encouragement to（给……鼓励）、put forward a suggestion（提出建议）、inspire sb to do（激励某人做某事）、go through（经历）、come of age（成年）、take responsibility（承担责任）、face challenges（面对挑战）、learn from（向……学习）、make it（成功）、in one's adolescence（在某人的青春期）、look back on（回顾）、deal with pressure（应对压力）、a memorable experience（一次难忘的经历） 重点句型（6个） 语法知识精讲 将来进行时 1. 结构：will/shall + be + 现在分词（被动结构：will/shall + be + being + 过去分词）。 2. 核心用法：表示将来某一时刻或时间段正在进行的动作，也可表按计划即将发生的动作。 例：This time tomorrow, I will be attending the graduation ceremony. 3. 与一般将来时的区别：将来进行时侧重“将来正在进行”的状态，一般将来时侧重“将来发生”的动作；将来进行时还可表委婉询问或预测，语气更柔和，如Will you be coming to the party tonight? 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. Winning the competition was an important m________ in her career. 2. As an a________, you should learn to balance your study and hobbies. 3. We should r________ on our mistakes and learn from them in time. 4. Her main a________ is to become a doctor and help more patients. 5. The t________ from childhood to adulthood can be very challenging. 6. He felt great p________ from his parents to get good grades at school. 7. The majority of people are c________ about the environmental problem. 8. After the graduation c________, we will leave our beloved school. 9. Developing i________ is one of the key tasks for teenagers’ growth. 10. It’s everyone’s r________ to protect the environment around us. 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. This time next week, we ________ (attend) an international youth forum. 2. The teacher suggested that we ________ (learn) to take responsibility for our own choices. 3. What inspires me most ________ (be) my father’s devotion to his work. 4. It is the friendship with my peers that ________ (make) my adolescence memorable. 5. When ________ (grow) up, we will understand the love our parents gave us. 6. She is always the first student ________ (come) to the classroom every morning. 7. The students are under great pressure ________ (finish) the task on time. 8. It was in the village ________ he spent his childhood that he got his first inspiration. 9. Why not ________ (turn) to your teacher for help when you are in trouble? 10. The young man faced the challenges bravely and finally ________ (make) it. 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） detox（排毒；净化）、behaviour（行为）、clarify（阐明）、example（例子）、value（重视；价值）、time management（时间管理）、tip（建议；小窍门）、improve（改进）、discipline（自律）、focus（专注）、efficiency（效率）、habit（习惯）、goal（目标）、prioritise（优先处理）、reflect（反思）、motivate（激励）、routine（常规）、procrastinate（拖延）、concentrate（集中注意力）、progress（进步） 核心短语（15个） improve oneself（自我提升）、clarify one's meaning（阐明自己的意思）、value time（珍惜时间）、time management skills（时间管理技能）、give a tip on（就……提建议）、break a bad habit（改掉坏习惯）、focus on（专注于）、increase efficiency（提高效率）、set a goal（设定目标）、prioritise tasks（优先处理任务）、reflect on（反思）、get rid of procrastination（摆脱拖延）、concentrate on study（专心学习）、make progress（取得进步）、stick to a routine（坚持常规） 重点句型（6个） 语法知识精讲 过去完成时被动语态 1. 结构：had + been + 过去分词。 2. 核心用法：表示“过去的过去”发生的被动动作，即被动动作先于另一个过去动作发生。 例：The time management plan had been made before the new semester started. 3. 常用时间标志：by + 过去时间、before + 一般过去时从句、when引导的时间状语从句（从句用一般过去时）。 4. 易错点：不可单独使用，需有明确的过去参照点；注意与一般过去时被动语态区分，强调动作先后顺序时用过去完成时被动。 好题精练 一、单词拼写题（10道） 1. We need to d______ our minds from negative thoughts to stay positive. (排毒；净化) 2. Her bad b______ in public made everyone around feel uncomfortable. (行为) 3. Please c______ what you want to say, or we can’t understand your point. (阐明) 4. Can you give me an e______ of how to use this time management tool? (例子) 5. We should v______ the friendship that we have built for years. (重视) 6. Good t______ m______ is the key to balancing study and hobbies. (时间管理) 7. She gave me a useful t______ on how to improve my reading speed. (建议；小窍门) 8. You need to i______ your writing skills if you want to pass the exam. (改进) 9. D______ is necessary if you want to stick to a regular study routine. (自律) 10. It’s hard to f______ on study when there are so many distractions around. (专注) 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. By the end of last term, the rules about time management ______ (make) by our class. 2. The bad habit that he had had for years ______ (get) rid of before he went to college. 3. When we arrived at the classroom, the study plan ______ (clarify) by our teacher already. 4. The goals for self-improvement ______ (set) before the new year started. 5. All the tasks ______ (prioritise) by the time our manager came in. 6. The mistakes in his homework ______ (correct) by his teacher before he handed it in again. 7. A new routine ______ (develop) by him before he started his new job. 8. The ways to increase efficiency ______ (discuss) in detail before the meeting ended. 9. The progress he had made ______ (praise) by his parents when they saw his report card. 10. The problems caused by procrastination ______ (reflect) on the day before yesterday. 考点三 Unit 3 Times change! 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） chapter（章节；时期）、era（时代）、compare（比较）、contrast（对比）、describe（描述）、lifestyle（生活方式）、emoji（表情符号）、evidence（证据）、transform（改变）、technology（技术）、tradition（传统）、trend（趋势）、fashion（时尚）、custom（习俗）、society（社会）、culture（文化）、evolution（演变）、phenomenon（现象）、replace（取代）、preserve（保留） 核心短语（15个） times change（时代变迁）、compare with（与……比较）、in contrast to（与……对比）、describe life（描述生活）、change lifestyle（改变生活方式）、provide evidence（提供证据）、transform society（改变社会）、keep up with trends（跟上潮流）、follow fashion（追随时尚）、preserve traditions（保留传统）、the digital era（数字时代）、a new chapter of life（人生新篇章）、social customs（社会习俗）、cultural evolution（文化演变）、replace old ways（取代旧方式） 重点句型（6个） 语法知识精讲 过去进行时被动语态 1. 结构：was/were + being + 过去分词。 2. 核心用法：表示过去某一时刻或时间段正在进行的被动动作。 例：The old buildings were being pulled down when we passed by the street yesterday. 3. 常用时间标志：at this time yesterday、when/while引导的时间状语从句（从句用一般过去时）。 4. 易错点：注意与一般过去时被动语态区分，过去进行时被动侧重“过去正在被进行”的动作，一般过去时被动侧重“过去被完成”的动作。 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. We are now living in a digital e____ that is full of advanced technology. 2. There is no e____ to prove that he has ever been to this small village. 3. It is important to p____ our traditional culture for future generations. 4. The Internet has t____ the way we communicate with each other completely. 5. This strange p____ has attracted the attention of many scientists around the world. 6. Wearing masks in public has become a new t____ since the outbreak of the disease. 7. The old factory was r____ by a modern shopping mall last year. 8. Different countries have their own unique s____ and cultural characteristics. 9. The e____ of human society has lasted for thousands of years. 10. It is a common c____ to give red envelopes during the Spring Festival in China. 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. The old buildings ______ (pull) down when we arrived at the construction site yesterday. 2. Compared with the past, our daily life ______ (transform) greatly by science and technology so far. 3. In contrast to his brother, he prefers ______ (follow) the latest fashion trends in clothing. 4. Can you describe the great changes that ______ (take) place in our city in the past ten years? 5. What makes this novel special ______ (be) its unique way of storytelling. 6. The tradition of ______ (give) gifts at Christmas has a long history in Western countries. 7. At this time last night, the bridge ______ (build) by a group of workers under the bright moonlight. 8. It is necessary for us ______ (preserve) the ancient buildings that have existed for centuries. 9. The new technology is replacing the old ways, which ______ (change) our work habits gradually. 10. Social customs ______ (vary) from country to country, so we should respect cultural differences. 考点四 Unit 4 Breaking boundaries 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） MSF（无国界医生）、global village（地球村）、phenomenon（现象）、slave（奴隶）、preposition（介词）、nation（国家）、boundary（界限）、break（打破）、cross（跨越）、connect（连接）、communicate（交流）、barrier（障碍）、culture（文化）、distance（距离）、global（全球的）、unite（团结）、difference（差异）、equality（平等）、cooperate（合作）、exchange（交流） 核心短语（15个） break boundaries（打破界限）、a global village（地球村）、a common phenomenon（普遍现象）、cross national boundaries（跨越国界）、break down barriers（打破障碍）、communicate with（与……交流）、connect the world（连接世界）、cultural exchange（文化交流）、in cooperation with（与……合作）、regardless of nationality（不论国籍）、bridge the distance（拉近距离）、promote equality（促进平等）、pay attention to prepositions（注意介词）、cultural differences（文化差异）、global cooperation（全球合作） 重点句型（6个） 语法知识精讲 it作形式主语 1. 核心用法：用it作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式、动名词、从句）后置，避免句子“头重脚轻”。 2. 常见结构 3. 易错点：区分for sb和of sb的用法；that从句作真正主语时，从句用陈述语序。 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. The organization works to promote e________ among people of all races and backgrounds. 2. We should c________ with each other to solve the global environmental problems. 3. Language is a major b________ when people from different countries communicate. 4. The p________ is a very important part of English grammar that many students ignore. 5. The g________ village is a result of the rapid development of modern technology. 6. The p________ of online shopping has changed people's daily consumption habits greatly. 7. We need to u________ together to overcome the difficulties we are facing now. 8. Cultural e________ can help us understand the customs of different countries better. 9. The d________ between the two cities is about 500 kilometers, which can be covered by high-speed train in 2 hours. 10. The project is carried out in c________ with a local university to ensure its scientificity. 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. It is necessary for us ________ (break) the cultural barriers between different countries. 2. It is no use ________ (cry) over the mistakes you have made in the communication. 3. What makes the global village possible ________ (be) the development of the Internet. 4. It ________ (be) well-known that MSF provides medical help to people in need worldwide. 5. The boundary between different cultures ________ (become) less clear with more international exchanges. 6. People from different nations communicate with each other online every day, ________ (make) it a common phenomenon. 7. We should pay attention to ________ (use) correct prepositions in English writing. 8. In cooperation with the local government, we ________ (carry) out a project to promote cultural exchange now. 9. It is important that we ________ (learn) about the cultural differences when traveling abroad. 10. The teacher asked us how modern technology helps ________ (connect) the world together. 考点五 Unit 5 A delicate world 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） ecosystem（生态系统）、chaos（混乱）、conservation（保护）、doubt（怀疑）、respond（回应）、Macquarie Island（麦夸里岛）、Shennongjia（神农架）、delicate（脆弱的）、balance（平衡）、protect（保护）、damage（损害）、species（物种）、habitat（栖息地）、extinct（灭绝的）、preserve（保存）、threat（威胁）、pollution（污染）、biodiversity（生物多样性）、restore（恢复）、sustain（维持） 核心短语（15个） a delicate world（脆弱的世界）、ecosystem balance（生态系统平衡）、wildlife conservation（野生动物保护）、in response to（回应）、have doubts about（对……有怀疑）、protect habitats（保护栖息地）、prevent pollution（防止污染）、preserve biodiversity（保护生物多样性）、a threat to species（对物种的威胁）、restore the ecosystem（恢复生态系统）、avoid chaos（避免混乱）、on Macquarie Island（在麦夸里岛）、in Shennongjia（在神农架）、sustain life（维持生命）、cause damage（造成损害） 重点句型（6个） 语法知识精讲 it作形式宾语 1. 核心用法：谓语动词后用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语（不定式、动名词、从句）置于宾补之后。 2. 常见结构 ◦ 主语 + 谓语 + it + adj./n. + to do sth：We find it necessary to protect the delicate ecosystem. ◦ 主语 + 谓语 + it + adj./n. + doing sth：She thinks it no use talking about environmental protection without action. ◦ 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + that从句：I consider it a pity that many species are facing extinction. 3. 易错点：appreciate/hate等动词后接从句时，必须先加it作形式宾语，再接从句，如I appreciate it if you join the conservation activity. 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. Many species are in danger of becoming e______ because of habitat loss. 2. We should take measures to p______ our earth from being polluted. 3. The d______ of the environment has attracted people's attention worldwide. 4. The government has taken action to r______ the damaged ecosystem in the area. 5. It is everyone's duty to help p______ the biodiversity of our planet. 6. The newly-built factory is a major t______ to the local wildlife. 7. The e______ is made up of all the living and non-living things in an area. 8. Without water and air, it is impossible to s______ life on the earth. 9. The p______ from cars and factories has made the air quality worse. 10. The d______ nature of the wetland means it needs special protection. 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. People find ______ important to preserve the biodiversity of Shennongjia. 2. I consider ______ a pity that many rare plants are disappearing. 3. She thinks it no use ______ (talk) about environmental protection without practical action. 4. We appreciate it if you ______ (join) us in the wildlife conservation activity. 5. The teacher made ______ clear that everyone should play a part in protecting habitats. 6. He feels it his duty ______ (help) restore the damaged ecosystem in the area. 7. I hate ______ when people throw rubbish everywhere in the nature reserve. 8. They found it difficult ______ (sustain) the balance of the ecosystem in the short term. 9. Do you think it worthwhile ______ (spend) so much money on this conservation project? 10. She regarded it necessary ______ (prevent) factories from causing further damage. 考点六 Unit 6 Survival 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） Antarctica（南极洲）、crisis（危机）、opinion（观点）、agree（同意）、survive（生存）、wild（野生的）、ecosystem（生态系统）、island（岛屿）、survival（生存）、challenge（挑战）、adapt（适应）、struggle（挣扎）、resource（资源）、climate（气候）、extreme（极端的）、habitat（栖息地）、species（物种）、threaten（威胁）、endure（忍受）、coexist（共存） 核心短语（15个） fight for survival（为生存而战）、survive in the wild（在野外生存）、ecosystem crisis（生态系统危机）、ask for opinions（征求意见）、agree with sb（同意某人）、adapt to the environment（适应环境）、struggle against difficulties（与困难作斗争）、limited resources（有限的资源）、extreme climate（极端气候）、in Antarctica（在南极洲）、island ecosystem（岛屿生态系统）、threaten survival（威胁生存）、endure hardships（忍受艰难）、coexist with nature（与自然共存）、put forward an opinion（提出观点） 重点句型（6个） 语法知识精讲 -ever和no matter引导的状语从句 1. -ever类引导词：whoever（无论谁）、whatever（无论什么）、wherever（无论哪里）、whenever（无论何时）、however（无论如何），可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。 例：Wherever you go in Antarctica, you will see a harsh natural environment.（让步状语从句） 2. no matter类引导词：no matter who/what/where/when/how，仅能引导让步状语从句，与对应的-ever引导词可互换（在让步状语从句中）。 例：No matter how hard it is, animals in Antarctica struggle to survive. = However hard it is, animals in Antarctica struggle to survive. 3. 易错点：区分-ever引导词的从句类型，若从句在动词后作宾语/在句首作主语，只能用-ever，不能用no matter...，如Whatever you say is important（主语从句，不可用no matter what）。 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. The Antarctic is the coldest c_______ in the world, with temperatures often below -40℃. 2. Many species are facing the threat of extinction due to the destruction of their natural h_______. 3. It is necessary for us to learn to a_______ to the changing environment to live a better life. 4. The local government is trying its best to protect the island e_______ from being polluted. 5. In order to s_______ in the wild, we need to learn some basic skills like finding water and building shelters. 6. The r_______ on the island are very limited, so people can't live there for a long time. 7. The extreme weather conditions p_______ a great challenge to the mountain climbers. 8. All living things should learn to c_______ with each other in the natural world. 9. The drought has t_______ the survival of many plants and animals in this area. 10. She had to e_______ great pain when she lost her closest friend in the accident. 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. _______ difficult the situation is, we should never give up hope for survival. 2. _______ you go, remember that you are a representative of our school. 3. _______ says that the ecosystem crisis can be solved easily is not telling the truth. 4. No matter _______ hard he tried, he still couldn't get enough resources for his team. 5. _______ happens, we must stick to our promise to protect the wild species. 6. _______ breaks the rules of protecting the habitat will be punished seriously. 7. No matter _______ you are, you have the responsibility to protect the environment. 8. _______ cold it is in Antarctica, there are still some animals living there. 9. _______ we do should be good for the coexistence of humans and nature. 10. No matter _______ it is, it is not as important as the survival of the species. 真题感知 1.（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）At this time tomorrow, we ______ (fly) to New York for an international conference. 2.（2025·浙江卷·单项选择）—What will you do this weekend? —I ______ (attend) a piano lesson at 10 a.m. on Saturday. A. attend B. will attend C. will be attending D. have attended 3.（2024·江苏卷·语法填空）By the end of last year, the new hospital ______ (complete) and it opened to the public in January. 4.（2025·天津卷·单项填空）The project ______ (finish) before we arrived at the construction site, so we had nothing to do but wait.（A. has been finished B. had been finished C. was finished D. would be finished） 5.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）When I passed the classroom, the windows ______ (clean) by the students, so the room looked bright. 6.（2025·山东卷·单项选择）I didn’t disturb her because she ______ (interview) by a journalist at that moment.（A. was interviewing B. was being interviewed C. has been interviewed D. is being interviewed） 7.（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空）It is obvious that the young man ______ (lie) to us about his experience. 8.（2025·湖北卷·单项填空）______ is important for us to learn about different cultures.（A. This B. That C. It D. What） 9.（2024·四川卷·语法填空）We think ______ necessary to protect the ecosystem of Macquarie Island. 10.（2025·广东卷·短文改错）I find that hard to balance my study and hobbies. 11.（2024·重庆卷·语法填空）______ hard the situation is, we will never give up the struggle for survival. 12.（2025·湖南卷·单项选择）______ you go, you should always remember your hometown. A. Wherever B. Whatever C. Whenever D. Whoever 综合提升练 一、单项选择（10题） 1. At this time tomorrow, we ______ (attend) a ceremony for the opening of the new school. A. attend B. will attend C. will be attending 2. The new rules ______ (make) by the school before the new term started. A. were made B. had been made C. have been made 3. When I passed the street, the old buildings ______ (pull) down by the workers. A. were pulled B. were being pulled C. are being pulled 4. ______ is important for us to protect the delicate ecosystem. A. This B. That C. It 5. I find ______ hard to understand the complex phenomenon of global warming. A. it B. that C. this 6. ______ difficult the crisis is, we will never give up the struggle for survival. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever 7. This place ______ (know) for its unique lifestyle since ancient times. A. is known B. was known C. has been known 8. I doubt ______ he can break the boundaries and achieve his dream. A. that B. whether C. what 9. In my opinion, we ______ (should) take measures to conserve the biodiversity of Shennongjia. A. should B. would C. must 10. ______ you go in Antarctica, you can see the beautiful wild scenery. A. Wherever B. Whoever C. However 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空（10题） 1. I ______ (concern) about your growth, so I want to give you some suggestions. 2. By the end of last year, the project ______ (complete) and it brought great benefits to the local people. 3. When we arrived at the village, a new hospital ______ (build) by the government. 4. ______ (compare) with the past, people’s lifestyle has changed a lot. 5. It is a common phenomenon that young people ______ (pursue) their dreams bravely. 6. She finds ______ (it) necessary to manage her time well for self-improvement. 7. In response to your doubt, I ______ (think) you can try again and never give up. 8. ______ (survive) in the wild needs strong will and practical skills. 9. At 8 p.m. this evening, I ______ (attend) a lecture about environmental protection. 10. ______ (no matter) what difficulties we meet, we should stick to our goals. 三、语法选择（10题） 1. —What will you do at 10 a.m. tomorrow? —I ______ a speech about growing up. A. give B. will give C. will be giving 2. The toxic food ______ by the food safety department before it was sold in the market. A. had been found B. was found C. has been found 3. While I ______ the document, the power went out suddenly. A. read B. was reading C. am reading 4. ______ is interesting to learn about the culture of the global village. A. This B. That C. It 5. We consider ______ important that we should respect different nations and cultures. A. it B. that C. this 6. ______ he says, I won’t believe his lies anymore. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever 7. I doubt ______ the ecosystem of Macquarie Island can be well protected. A. that B. if C. what 8. This chapter ______ the changes of the city over the past 50 years. A. describes B. described C. is describing 9. In my opinion, we ______ protect the wild animals in Antarctica. A. may B. should C. would 10. ______ hard he tries, he can never cross the boundary of his ability without practice. A. However B. Whatever C. Wherever 四、语法填空（语篇型）（10题） Growing up in a changing world, we 1 ______ (face) many challenges and opportunities. At this time next year, I 2 ______ (study) in a university, where I hope to improve myself and break the boundaries of my knowledge. By the time I enter the university, I 3 ______ (learn) English for 12 years, and I know that a good command of English 4 ______ (help) me understand the global village better. It is a common phenomenon that young people 5 ______ (be) interested in exploring different cultures, and I find 6 ______ meaningful to learn about the customs of other nations. When I visited Shennongjia last summer, the local government 7 ______ (take) measures to conserve the ecosystem. 8 ______ (compare) with ten years ago, the environment there has become more beautiful. I doubt 9 ______ some people still ignore the importance of environmental protection, but 10 ______ difficult the situation is, we should keep fighting for a better world. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06核心知识点+题型训练(选择性必修二)（寒假复习讲义） 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 考点一 Unit 1 Growing up 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） ceremony（仪式）、majority（大多数）、concern（担忧；关心）、encouragement（鼓励）、suggestion（建议）、emotion（情感）、memorable（难忘的）、inspire（激励）、adolescent（青少年）、mature（成熟的）、responsibility（责任）、independence（独立）、challenge（挑战）、ambition（抱负）、identity（身份）、peer（同龄人）、pressure（压力）、transition（过渡）、milestone（里程碑）、reflect（反思） 核心短语（15个） grow up（成长）、be concerned about（对……担忧）、give encouragement to（给……鼓励）、put forward a suggestion（提出建议）、inspire sb to do（激励某人做某事）、go through（经历）、come of age（成年）、take responsibility（承担责任）、face challenges（面对挑战）、learn from（向……学习）、make it（成功）、in one's adolescence（在某人的青春期）、look back on（回顾）、deal with pressure（应对压力）、a memorable experience（一次难忘的经历） 重点句型（6个） 1. I'm concerned about your performance in the final exam; you seem to be stressed out. 2. You can make it if you try your best and stay confident. 3. Why not ask your teachers for help when you have study problems? 4. What inspires me most is my mother's constant encouragement during my growing-up years. 5. It is the unforgettable ceremony that marks the start of my new life as an adult. 6. As we grow up, we learn to take on more responsibilities for ourselves and our families. 语法知识精讲 将来进行时 1. 结构：will/shall + be + 现在分词（被动结构：will/shall + be + being + 过去分词）。 2. 核心用法：表示将来某一时刻或时间段正在进行的动作，也可表按计划即将发生的动作。 例：This time tomorrow, I will be attending the graduation ceremony. 3. 与一般将来时的区别：将来进行时侧重“将来正在进行”的状态，一般将来时侧重“将来发生”的动作；将来进行时还可表委婉询问或预测，语气更柔和，如Will you be coming to the party tonight? 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. Winning the competition was an important m________ in her career. 2. As an a________, you should learn to balance your study and hobbies. 3. We should r________ on our mistakes and learn from them in time. 4. Her main a________ is to become a doctor and help more patients. 5. The t________ from childhood to adulthood can be very challenging. 6. He felt great p________ from his parents to get good grades at school. 7. The majority of people are c________ about the environmental problem. 8. After the graduation c________, we will leave our beloved school. 9. Developing i________ is one of the key tasks for teenagers’ growth. 10. It’s everyone’s r________ to protect the environment around us. 答案： 1. milestone 2. adolescent 3. reflect 4. ambition 5. transition 6. pressure 7. concerned 8. ceremony 9. independence 10. responsibility 1. 句意：赢得这场比赛是她职业生涯中的一个重要里程碑。根据语境及首字母提示，填 milestone。 2. 句意：作为一名青少年，你应该学会平衡学习和爱好。根据语境及首字母提示，填 adolescent。 3. 句意：我们应该反思自己的错误，并及时从中吸取教训。情态动词后接动词原形，结合首字母提示，填 reflect。 4. 句意：她的主要抱负是成为一名医生，帮助更多的病人。形容词 main 后接名词，结合首字母提示，填 ambition。 5. 句意：从童年到成年的过渡可能极具挑战性。定冠词 the 后接名词，结合首字母提示，填 transition。 6. 句意：他感受到了父母施加的巨大压力，要求他在学校取得好成绩。形容词 great 后接名词，结合首字母提示，填 pressure。 7. 句意：大多数人都关心环境问题。be concerned about 为固定搭配，意为“关心；担忧”，填 concerned。 8. 句意：毕业典礼结束后，我们就要离开挚爱的学校了。graduation ceremony 为固定搭配，意为“毕业典礼”，填 ceremony。 9. 句意：培养独立性是青少年成长的核心任务之一。动词 developing 后接名词作宾语，结合首字母提示，填 independence。 10. 句意：保护周围的环境是每个人的责任。名词所有格 everyone’s 后接名词，结合首字母提示，填 responsibility。 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. This time next week, we ________ (attend) an international youth forum. 2. The teacher suggested that we ________ (learn) to take responsibility for our own choices. 3. What inspires me most ________ (be) my father’s devotion to his work. 4. It is the friendship with my peers that ________ (make) my adolescence memorable. 5. When ________ (grow) up, we will understand the love our parents gave us. 6. She is always the first student ________ (come) to the classroom every morning. 7. The students are under great pressure ________ (finish) the task on time. 8. It was in the village ________ he spent his childhood that he got his first inspiration. 9. Why not ________ (turn) to your teacher for help when you are in trouble? 10. The young man faced the challenges bravely and finally ________ (make) it. 答案： 1. will be attending 2. (should) learn 3. is 4. makes 5. growing 6. to come 7. to finish 8. where 9. turn 10. made 1. 句意：下周这个时候，我们将正在参加一场国际青年论坛。根据时间状语 this time next week 可知，此处表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，用将来进行时，填 will be attending。 2. 句意：老师建议我们学会为自己的选择承担责任。动词 suggest 后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形，填 (should) learn。 3. 句意：最激励我的是父亲对工作的投入。主语从句 What inspires me most 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，且句子为一般现在时，填 is。 4. 句意：正是和同龄人的友谊让我的青春期难以忘怀。本句为 it is...that... 强调句型，强调主语 the friendship，谓语动词用单数形式，且句子为一般现在时，填 makes。 5. 句意：长大后，我们会理解父母给予我们的爱。从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句含有 be 动词，可省略从句主语和 be 动词，完整形式为 when we are growing up，填 growing。 6. 句意：她总是每天早上第一个来到教室的学生。名词前有序数词 the first 修饰时，其后用不定式作后置定语，填 to come。 7. 句意：学生们承受着按时完成任务的巨大压力。under pressure to do sth 为固定搭配，意为“承受着做某事的压力”，填 to finish。 8. 句意：就是在他度过童年的那个村子里，他获得了人生的第一次灵感。本句为强调句型，被强调部分 in the village 是地点状语，其后的定语从句缺少地点状语，用关系副词 where。 9. 句意：当你遇到困难时，为什么不向老师求助呢？Why not 后接动词原形，用于提出建议，填 turn。 10. 句意：这个年轻人勇敢地面对挑战，最终成功了。根据并列连词 and 前的 faced 可知，此处用一般过去时，填 made。 考点二 Unit 2 Improving yourself 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） detox（排毒；净化）、behaviour（行为）、clarify（阐明）、example（例子）、value（重视；价值）、time management（时间管理）、tip（建议；小窍门）、improve（改进）、discipline（自律）、focus（专注）、efficiency（效率）、habit（习惯）、goal（目标）、prioritise（优先处理）、reflect（反思）、motivate（激励）、routine（常规）、procrastinate（拖延）、concentrate（集中注意力）、progress（进步） 核心短语（15个） improve oneself（自我提升）、clarify one's meaning（阐明自己的意思）、value time（珍惜时间）、time management skills（时间管理技能）、give a tip on（就……提建议）、break a bad habit（改掉坏习惯）、focus on（专注于）、increase efficiency（提高效率）、set a goal（设定目标）、prioritise tasks（优先处理任务）、reflect on（反思）、get rid of procrastination（摆脱拖延）、concentrate on study（专心学习）、make progress（取得进步）、stick to a routine（坚持常规） 重点句型（6个） 1. What I mean is that we should manage our time wisely to balance study and rest. 2. For example, some people plan their daily tasks in detail to avoid wasting time. 3. If you want to improve yourself, you must first clarify your weaknesses and strengths. 4. It is important to value every minute if you want to achieve your goals quickly. 5. The tip that helps me most is to make a to-do list every morning before starting work. 6. What makes self-improvement effective is continuous reflection and adjustment. 语法知识精讲 过去完成时被动语态 1. 结构：had + been + 过去分词。 2. 核心用法：表示“过去的过去”发生的被动动作，即被动动作先于另一个过去动作发生。 例：The time management plan had been made before the new semester started. 3. 常用时间标志：by + 过去时间、before + 一般过去时从句、when引导的时间状语从句（从句用一般过去时）。 4. 易错点：不可单独使用，需有明确的过去参照点；注意与一般过去时被动语态区分，强调动作先后顺序时用过去完成时被动。 好题精练 一、单词拼写题（10道） 1. We need to d______ our minds from negative thoughts to stay positive. (排毒；净化) 2. Her bad b______ in public made everyone around feel uncomfortable. (行为) 3. Please c______ what you want to say, or we can’t understand your point. (阐明) 4. Can you give me an e______ of how to use this time management tool? (例子) 5. We should v______ the friendship that we have built for years. (重视) 6. Good t______ m______ is the key to balancing study and hobbies. (时间管理) 7. She gave me a useful t______ on how to improve my reading speed. (建议；小窍门) 8. You need to i______ your writing skills if you want to pass the exam. (改进) 9. D______ is necessary if you want to stick to a regular study routine. (自律) 10. It’s hard to f______ on study when there are so many distractions around. (专注) 答案： 1. detox 2. behaviour 3. clarify 4. example 5. value 6. time management 7. tip 8. improve 9. discipline 10. focus 1. detox：句意为“我们需要净化头脑中的消极想法以保持积极心态”，结合首字母d和释义“排毒；净化”，填detox。 2. behaviour：由“in public”和释义“行为”可知，此处填behaviour，指在公共场合的行为举止。 3. clarify：根据后半句“否则我们无法理解你的观点”和释义“阐明”，填clarify，用于祈使句用动词原形。 4. example：“give an example of...”为固定搭配，意为“举一个……的例子”，符合句意和释义。 5. value：句意为“我们应该重视多年来建立的友谊”，结合释义“重视”和情态动词should，填动词原形value。 6. time management：根据释义“时间管理”和谓语动词is可知，此处填名词短语time management。 7. tip：“give a tip on...”是固定搭配，意为“就……提建议”，符合句意和首字母提示。 8. improve：句意为“如果你想通过考试，就需要提升写作技能”，结合释义“改进”和不定式符号to，填动词原形improve。 9. discipline：根据后半句“如果你想坚持规律的学习计划”和释义“自律”，填名词discipline作主语。 10. focus：“focus on”为固定短语，意为“专注于”，结合不定式符号to，填动词原形focus。 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. By the end of last term, the rules about time management ______ (make) by our class. 2. The bad habit that he had had for years ______ (get) rid of before he went to college. 3. When we arrived at the classroom, the study plan ______ (clarify) by our teacher already. 4. The goals for self-improvement ______ (set) before the new year started. 5. All the tasks ______ (prioritise) by the time our manager came in. 6. The mistakes in his homework ______ (correct) by his teacher before he handed it in again. 7. A new routine ______ (develop) by him before he started his new job. 8. The ways to increase efficiency ______ (discuss) in detail before the meeting ended. 9. The progress he had made ______ (praise) by his parents when they saw his report card. 10. The problems caused by procrastination ______ (reflect) on the day before yesterday. 答案： 1. had been made 2. had been got 3. had been clarified 4. had been set 5. had been prioritised 6. had been corrected 7. had been developed 8. had been discussed 9. had been praised 10. had been reflected 1. had been made：时间标志“By the end of last term”是过去的时间点，“制定规则”的动作发生在该时间之前，属于“过去的过去”，且rules和make是被动关系，故用过去完成时被动语态。 2. had been got：“改掉坏习惯”的动作发生在“上大学”之前，get rid of和bad habit是被动关系，所以用过去完成时被动语态。 3. had been clarified：when引导的从句用一般过去时，“阐明学习计划”的动作发生在“到达教室”之前，plan和clarify是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。 4. had been set：时间状语“before the new year started”表明，“设定目标”的动作发生在“新年开始”之前，goals和set是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。 5. had been prioritised：“by the time our manager came in”表示“经理进来之前”，“优先处理任务”的动作发生在这之前，tasks和prioritise是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。 6. had been corrected：“before he handed it in again”说明“批改作业错误”的动作在“再次提交”之前，mistakes和correct是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。 7. had been developed：“在开始新工作之前”就已经养成了新的日常习惯，routine和develop是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。 8. had been discussed：“提高效率的方法”在“会议结束前”就已经被详细讨论，ways和discuss是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。 9. had been praised：“取得进步”的动作发生在“父母看成绩单”之前，progress和praise是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。 10. had been reflected：时间状语“the day before yesterday”为过去时间，“反思拖延的问题”发生在该时间之前，problems和reflect on是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。 考点三 Unit 3 Times change! 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） chapter（章节；时期）、era（时代）、compare（比较）、contrast（对比）、describe（描述）、lifestyle（生活方式）、emoji（表情符号）、evidence（证据）、transform（改变）、technology（技术）、tradition（传统）、trend（趋势）、fashion（时尚）、custom（习俗）、society（社会）、culture（文化）、evolution（演变）、phenomenon（现象）、replace（取代）、preserve（保留） 核心短语（15个） times change（时代变迁）、compare with（与……比较）、in contrast to（与……对比）、describe life（描述生活）、change lifestyle（改变生活方式）、provide evidence（提供证据）、transform society（改变社会）、keep up with trends（跟上潮流）、follow fashion（追随时尚）、preserve traditions（保留传统）、the digital era（数字时代）、a new chapter of life（人生新篇章）、social customs（社会习俗）、cultural evolution（文化演变）、replace old ways（取代旧方式） 重点句型（6个） 1. Compared with the past, people's lifestyles have changed a lot because of modern technology. 2. This place is known for its traditional customs that have been kept for hundreds of years. 3. In contrast to the old era, young people now communicate more with emojis online. 4. Can you describe the changes in people's entertainment ways in the past decade? 5. The evidence shows that technology has greatly transformed our daily communication. 6. What makes the modern era different is the rapid development of information technology. 语法知识精讲 过去进行时被动语态 1. 结构：was/were + being + 过去分词。 2. 核心用法：表示过去某一时刻或时间段正在进行的被动动作。 例：The old buildings were being pulled down when we passed by the street yesterday. 3. 常用时间标志：at this time yesterday、when/while引导的时间状语从句（从句用一般过去时）。 4. 易错点：注意与一般过去时被动语态区分，过去进行时被动侧重“过去正在被进行”的动作，一般过去时被动侧重“过去被完成”的动作。 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. We are now living in a digital e____ that is full of advanced technology. 2. There is no e____ to prove that he has ever been to this small village. 3. It is important to p____ our traditional culture for future generations. 4. The Internet has t____ the way we communicate with each other completely. 5. This strange p____ has attracted the attention of many scientists around the world. 6. Wearing masks in public has become a new t____ since the outbreak of the disease. 7. The old factory was r____ by a modern shopping mall last year. 8. Different countries have their own unique s____ and cultural characteristics. 9. The e____ of human society has lasted for thousands of years. 10. It is a common c____ to give red envelopes during the Spring Festival in China. 答案： 1. era 2. evidence 3. preserve 4. transformed 5. phenomenon 6. trend 7. replaced 8. society 9. evolution 10. custom 1. 句意：我们如今生活在一个充满先进技术的数字时代。结合核心词汇和语境，填 era（时代）。 2. 句意：没有证据证明他曾经去过这个小村庄。固定搭配 “there is no evidence to do sth.”，填 evidence（证据）。 3. 句意：为子孙后代保留我们的传统文化十分重要。结合语义和核心词汇，填 preserve（保留）。 4. 句意：互联网彻底改变了我们彼此交流的方式。句子为现在完成时，结合核心词汇填 transformed（改变）。 5. 句意：这个奇怪的现象吸引了世界各地许多科学家的注意。根据 “strange” 和核心词汇，填 phenomenon（现象）。 6. 句意：自疫情爆发以来，在公共场合戴口罩已经成为一种新趋势。结合语境和核心词汇，填 trend（趋势）。 7. 句意：这座旧工厂去年被一个现代化的购物中心取代了。句子为一般过去时被动语态，填 replaced（取代）。 8. 句意：不同的国家有自己独特的社会和文化特征。结合核心词汇和并列结构，填 society（社会）。 9. 句意：人类社会的演变已经持续了数千年。根据核心词汇和语境，填 evolution（演变）。 10. 句意：春节期间发红包是中国的一种普遍习俗。结合核心词汇和文化常识，填 custom（习俗）。 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. The old buildings ______ (pull) down when we arrived at the construction site yesterday. 2. Compared with the past, our daily life ______ (transform) greatly by science and technology so far. 3. In contrast to his brother, he prefers ______ (follow) the latest fashion trends in clothing. 4. Can you describe the great changes that ______ (take) place in our city in the past ten years? 5. What makes this novel special ______ (be) its unique way of storytelling. 6. The tradition of ______ (give) gifts at Christmas has a long history in Western countries. 7. At this time last night, the bridge ______ (build) by a group of workers under the bright moonlight. 8. It is necessary for us ______ (preserve) the ancient buildings that have existed for centuries. 9. The new technology is replacing the old ways, which ______ (change) our work habits gradually. 10. Social customs ______ (vary) from country to country, so we should respect cultural differences. 答案： 1. were being pulled 2. has been transformed 3. to follow 4. have taken 5. is 6. giving 7. was being built 8. to preserve 9. is changing 10. vary 1. 考查过去进行时被动语态。根据时间状语 “when we arrived... yesterday” 可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的被动动作，主语 “buildings” 与 “pull down” 为被动关系，填 were being pulled。 2. 考查现在完成时被动语态。时间状语 “so far” 是现在完成时的标志，主语 “life” 与 “transform” 为被动关系，填 has been transformed。 3. 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配 “prefer to do sth.” 表示 “更喜欢做某事”，填 to follow。 4. 考查现在完成时。时间状语 “in the past ten years” 是现在完成时的标志，“take place” 无被动语态，填 have taken。 5. 考查主谓一致。主语是 “What 引导的主语从句”，谓语动词用单数形式，句子为一般现在时，填 is。 6. 考查非谓语动词。介词 “of” 后接动名词作宾语，填 giving。 7. 考查过去进行时被动语态。时间状语 “At this time last night” 是过去进行时的标志，主语 “bridge” 与 “build” 为被动关系，填 was being built。 8. 考查非谓语动词。固定句型 “It is necessary for sb. to do sth.” 表示 “对某人来说做某事是必要的”，填 to preserve。 9. 考查现在进行时。根据 “gradually” 可知，动作正在进行，定语从句中关系代词 “which” 指代前面整个句子，谓语动词用单数，填 is changing。 10. 考查一般现在时。句子陈述客观事实，主语 “Social customs” 是复数形式，谓语动词用原形，填 vary。 考点四 Unit 4 Breaking boundaries 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） MSF（无国界医生）、global village（地球村）、phenomenon（现象）、slave（奴隶）、preposition（介词）、nation（国家）、boundary（界限）、break（打破）、cross（跨越）、connect（连接）、communicate（交流）、barrier（障碍）、culture（文化）、distance（距离）、global（全球的）、unite（团结）、difference（差异）、equality（平等）、cooperate（合作）、exchange（交流） 核心短语（15个） break boundaries（打破界限）、a global village（地球村）、a common phenomenon（普遍现象）、cross national boundaries（跨越国界）、break down barriers（打破障碍）、communicate with（与……交流）、connect the world（连接世界）、cultural exchange（文化交流）、in cooperation with（与……合作）、regardless of nationality（不论国籍）、bridge the distance（拉近距离）、promote equality（促进平等）、pay attention to prepositions（注意介词）、cultural differences（文化差异）、global cooperation（全球合作） 重点句型（6个） 1. I'm interested in knowing how modern technology helps break the boundaries between countries. 2. It's a common phenomenon that people from different nations communicate online every day. 3. What makes the global village possible is the development of the Internet and transportation. 4. Can you explain how MSF breaks geographical boundaries to help people in need? 5. It is important to learn about prepositions when we study English grammar. 6. The boundary between different cultures is becoming less clear with more international exchanges. 语法知识精讲 it作形式主语 1. 核心用法：用it作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式、动名词、从句）后置，避免句子“头重脚轻”。 2. 常见结构 ◦ It + be + adj./n. + (for/of sb) + to do sth：It is important for us to break cultural barriers. ◦ It + be + adj./n. + doing sth：It is no use crying over the cultural differences. ◦ It + be + adj./past participle + that从句：It is well-known that the Internet connects the world. 3. 易错点：区分for sb和of sb的用法；that从句作真正主语时，从句用陈述语序。 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. The organization works to promote e________ among people of all races and backgrounds. 2. We should c________ with each other to solve the global environmental problems. 3. Language is a major b________ when people from different countries communicate. 4. The p________ is a very important part of English grammar that many students ignore. 5. The g________ village is a result of the rapid development of modern technology. 6. The p________ of online shopping has changed people's daily consumption habits greatly. 7. We need to u________ together to overcome the difficulties we are facing now. 8. Cultural e________ can help us understand the customs of different countries better. 9. The d________ between the two cities is about 500 kilometers, which can be covered by high-speed train in 2 hours. 10. The project is carried out in c________ with a local university to ensure its scientificity. 答案： 1. equality 2. cooperate 3. barrier 4. preposition 5. global 6. phenomenon 7. unite 8. exchange 9. distance 10. cooperation 1. 句意：该组织致力于促进不同种族和背景人群之间的平等。根据句意及首字母提示填equality。 2. 句意：我们应该互相合作来解决全球环境问题。should后接动词原形，结合首字母填cooperate。 3. 句意：语言是不同国家的人交流时的一大障碍。根据句意及首字母提示填barrier。 4. 句意：介词是英语语法中非常重要的一部分，很多学生却忽视它。根据语法知识及首字母填preposition。 5. 句意：地球村是现代科技飞速发展的产物。固定搭配global village，填global。 6. 句意：网购的现象极大地改变了人们的日常消费习惯。根据句意及首字母填phenomenon。 7. 句意：我们需要团结起来克服当下面临的困难。need to后接动词原形，填unite。 8. 句意：文化交流能帮助我们更好地了解不同国家的习俗。cultural后接名词，填exchange。 9. 句意：两座城市之间的距离约500公里，坐高铁2小时就能到达。根据句意及首字母填distance。 10. 句意：该项目与当地一所大学合作开展，以确保其科学性。固定搭配in cooperation with，填cooperation。 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. It is necessary for us ________ (break) the cultural barriers between different countries. 2. It is no use ________ (cry) over the mistakes you have made in the communication. 3. What makes the global village possible ________ (be) the development of the Internet. 4. It ________ (be) well-known that MSF provides medical help to people in need worldwide. 5. The boundary between different cultures ________ (become) less clear with more international exchanges. 6. People from different nations communicate with each other online every day, ________ (make) it a common phenomenon. 7. We should pay attention to ________ (use) correct prepositions in English writing. 8. In cooperation with the local government, we ________ (carry) out a project to promote cultural exchange now. 9. It is important that we ________ (learn) about the cultural differences when traveling abroad. 10. The teacher asked us how modern technology helps ________ (connect) the world together. 答案： 1. to break 2. crying 3. is 4. is 5. is becoming 6. making 7. using 8. are carrying 9. (should) learn 10. (to) connect 1. 考查it作形式主语的结构。固定句型It is + adj. + for sb to do sth，真正的主语是后面的不定式，故填to break。 2. 考查it作形式主语的结构。固定句型It is no use doing sth，意为“做某事是没用的”，故填crying。 3. 考查主谓一致。What引导的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，故填is。 4. 考查it作形式主语的结构。固定句型It is well-known that...，意为“众所周知……”，句子用一般现在时，故填is。 5. 考查动词时态。根据语境“随着更多国际交流，不同文化间的界限正变得越来越模糊”，用现在进行时，主语是单数，故填is becoming。 6. 考查非谓语动词。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故填making。 7. 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配pay attention to doing sth，to是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填using。 8. 考查动词时态。根据时间状语now，可知用现在进行时，主语是we，故填are carrying。 9. 考查虚拟语气。在It is important that...句型中，that从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should) do形式，故填(should) learn。 10. 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配help (to) do sth，意为“帮助做某事”，to可以省略，故填(to) connect。 考点五 Unit 5 A delicate world 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） ecosystem（生态系统）、chaos（混乱）、conservation（保护）、doubt（怀疑）、respond（回应）、Macquarie Island（麦夸里岛）、Shennongjia（神农架）、delicate（脆弱的）、balance（平衡）、protect（保护）、damage（损害）、species（物种）、habitat（栖息地）、extinct（灭绝的）、preserve（保存）、threat（威胁）、pollution（污染）、biodiversity（生物多样性）、restore（恢复）、sustain（维持） 核心短语（15个） a delicate world（脆弱的世界）、ecosystem balance（生态系统平衡）、wildlife conservation（野生动物保护）、in response to（回应）、have doubts about（对……有怀疑）、protect habitats（保护栖息地）、prevent pollution（防止污染）、preserve biodiversity（保护生物多样性）、a threat to species（对物种的威胁）、restore the ecosystem（恢复生态系统）、avoid chaos（避免混乱）、on Macquarie Island（在麦夸里岛）、in Shennongjia（在神农架）、sustain life（维持生命）、cause damage（造成损害） 重点句型（6个） 1. I doubt whether human activities can be completely harmless to the delicate ecosystem. 2. In response to your doubt, I think we can take small actions to protect the environment. 3. What makes the ecosystem delicate is the interdependence of all living things. 4. It is important to conserve wildlife habitats to prevent species from becoming extinct. 5. Do you have any doubts about the effectiveness of the conservation projects in Shennongjia? 6. The chaos caused by human activities has made it necessary to take immediate action to protect Macquarie Island. 语法知识精讲 it作形式宾语 1. 核心用法：谓语动词后用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语（不定式、动名词、从句）置于宾补之后。 2. 常见结构 ◦ 主语 + 谓语 + it + adj./n. + to do sth：We find it necessary to protect the delicate ecosystem. ◦ 主语 + 谓语 + it + adj./n. + doing sth：She thinks it no use talking about environmental protection without action. ◦ 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + that从句：I consider it a pity that many species are facing extinction. 3. 易错点：appreciate/hate等动词后接从句时，必须先加it作形式宾语，再接从句，如I appreciate it if you join the conservation activity. 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. Many species are in danger of becoming e______ because of habitat loss. 2. We should take measures to p______ our earth from being polluted. 3. The d______ of the environment has attracted people's attention worldwide. 4. The government has taken action to r______ the damaged ecosystem in the area. 5. It is everyone's duty to help p______ the biodiversity of our planet. 6. The newly-built factory is a major t______ to the local wildlife. 7. The e______ is made up of all the living and non-living things in an area. 8. Without water and air, it is impossible to s______ life on the earth. 9. The p______ from cars and factories has made the air quality worse. 10. The d______ nature of the wetland means it needs special protection. 答案： 1. extinct 2. protect 3. damage 4. restore 5. preserve 6. threat 7. ecosystem 8. sustain 9. pollution 10. delicate 1. 句意：由于栖息地丧失，许多物种面临灭绝的危险。根据语境和首字母提示，填extinct（灭绝的）。 2. 句意：我们应该采取措施保护地球免受污染。固定搭配protect...from...（保护……免受……），填protect。 3. 句意：环境破坏已经引起了全球人民的关注。根据语境和首字母提示，填damage（损害）。 4. 句意：政府已经采取行动恢复该地区受损的生态系统。根据语境和首字母提示，填restore（恢复）。 5. 句意：帮助保护地球的生物多样性是每个人的责任。根据语境和首字母提示，填preserve（保护；保存）。 6. 句意：新建的工厂是当地野生动物的主要威胁。固定搭配a threat to...（对……的威胁），填threat。 7. 句意：生态系统由一个区域内所有生物和非生物构成。根据定义和首字母提示，填ecosystem（生态系统）。 8. 句意：没有水和空气，地球上的生命就无法维持。根据语境和首字母提示，填sustain（维持）。 9. 句意：汽车和工厂的污染让空气质量变差了。根据语境和首字母提示，填pollution（污染）。 10. 句意：湿地的脆弱特性意味着它需要特殊保护。根据语境和首字母提示，填delicate（脆弱的）。 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. People find ______ important to preserve the biodiversity of Shennongjia. 2. I consider ______ a pity that many rare plants are disappearing. 3. She thinks it no use ______ (talk) about environmental protection without practical action. 4. We appreciate it if you ______ (join) us in the wildlife conservation activity. 5. The teacher made ______ clear that everyone should play a part in protecting habitats. 6. He feels it his duty ______ (help) restore the damaged ecosystem in the area. 7. I hate ______ when people throw rubbish everywhere in the nature reserve. 8. They found it difficult ______ (sustain) the balance of the ecosystem in the short term. 9. Do you think it worthwhile ______ (spend) so much money on this conservation project? 10. She regarded it necessary ______ (prevent) factories from causing further damage. 答案： 1. it 2. it 3. talking 4. join 5. it 6. to help 7. it 8. to sustain 9. spending / to spend 10. to prevent 1. 考查it作形式宾语。结构为 主语 + find + it + adj. + to do sth，it 指代后面的不定式短语，填it。 2. 考查it作形式宾语。结构为 主语 + consider + it + n. + that从句，it 指代后面的that从句，填it。 3. 考查it作形式宾语。结构为 主语 + think + it + no use + doing sth，it 指代后面的动名词短语，填talking。 4. 考查固定用法。appreciate it if... 是固定句型，it 作形式宾语，if引导的从句是真正宾语，此处主句为一般现在时，从句填join。 5. 考查it作形式宾语。结构为 主语 + make + it + adj. + that从句，it 指代后面的that从句，填it。 6. 考查it作形式宾语。结构为 主语 + feel + it + n. + to do sth，it 指代后面的不定式短语，填to help。 7. 考查固定用法。hate it when... 是固定句型，it 作形式宾语，when引导的从句是真正宾语，填it。 8. 考查it作形式宾语。结构为 主语 + find + it + adj. + to do sth，it 指代后面的不定式短语，填to sustain。 9. 考查it作形式宾语。think it worthwhile to do / doing sth 均为正确结构，it 作形式宾语，指代后面的不定式或动名词短语，填spending / to spend。 10. 考查it作形式宾语。结构为 主语 + regard + it + adj. + to do sth，it 指代后面的不定式短语，填to prevent。 考点六 Unit 6 Survival 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） Antarctica（南极洲）、crisis（危机）、opinion（观点）、agree（同意）、survive（生存）、wild（野生的）、ecosystem（生态系统）、island（岛屿）、survival（生存）、challenge（挑战）、adapt（适应）、struggle（挣扎）、resource（资源）、climate（气候）、extreme（极端的）、habitat（栖息地）、species（物种）、threaten（威胁）、endure（忍受）、coexist（共存） 核心短语（15个） fight for survival（为生存而战）、survive in the wild（在野外生存）、ecosystem crisis（生态系统危机）、ask for opinions（征求意见）、agree with sb（同意某人）、adapt to the environment（适应环境）、struggle against difficulties（与困难作斗争）、limited resources（有限的资源）、extreme climate（极端气候）、in Antarctica（在南极洲）、island ecosystem（岛屿生态系统）、threaten survival（威胁生存）、endure hardships（忍受艰难）、coexist with nature（与自然共存）、put forward an opinion（提出观点） 重点句型（6个） 1. What's your opinion on how animals survive in the extreme climate of Antarctica? 2. In my opinion, we should protect the island ecosystem to help species survive. 3. I agree with you that human activities are the main cause of the ecosystem crisis. 4. How do polar animals adapt to the cold environment to ensure their survival? 5. The biggest challenge for species in Antarctica is to find enough food in the harsh winter. 6. What makes survival in the wild difficult is the lack of resources and extreme weather. 语法知识精讲 -ever和no matter引导的状语从句 1. -ever类引导词：whoever（无论谁）、whatever（无论什么）、wherever（无论哪里）、whenever（无论何时）、however（无论如何），可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。 例：Wherever you go in Antarctica, you will see a harsh natural environment.（让步状语从句） 2. no matter类引导词：no matter who/what/where/when/how，仅能引导让步状语从句，与对应的-ever引导词可互换（在让步状语从句中）。 例：No matter how hard it is, animals in Antarctica struggle to survive. = However hard it is, animals in Antarctica struggle to survive. 3. 易错点：区分-ever引导词的从句类型，若从句在动词后作宾语/在句首作主语，只能用-ever，不能用no matter...，如Whatever you say is important（主语从句，不可用no matter what）。 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. The Antarctic is the coldest c_______ in the world, with temperatures often below -40℃. 2. Many species are facing the threat of extinction due to the destruction of their natural h_______. 3. It is necessary for us to learn to a_______ to the changing environment to live a better life. 4. The local government is trying its best to protect the island e_______ from being polluted. 5. In order to s_______ in the wild, we need to learn some basic skills like finding water and building shelters. 6. The r_______ on the island are very limited, so people can't live there for a long time. 7. The extreme weather conditions p_______ a great challenge to the mountain climbers. 8. All living things should learn to c_______ with each other in the natural world. 9. The drought has t_______ the survival of many plants and animals in this area. 10. She had to e_______ great pain when she lost her closest friend in the accident. 答案： 1. climate 2. habitat 3. adapt 4. ecosystem 5. survive 6. resources 7. present 8. coexist 9. threatened 10. endure 1. 句意：南极洲是世界上最冷的气候区，气温常低于零下40摄氏度。结合首字母c和语境，填climate。 2. 句意：由于自然栖息地遭到破坏，许多物种正面临灭绝的威胁。结合首字母h和物种生存的相关搭配，填habitat。 3. 句意：我们有必要学会适应不断变化的环境，以便过上更好的生活。adapt to为固定搭配，意为“适应”，结合首字母a，填adapt。 4. 句意：当地政府正尽全力保护岛屿生态系统免受污染。结合首字母e和环保相关语境，填ecosystem。 5. 句意：为了在野外生存，我们需要学习一些基本技能，比如寻找水源和搭建庇护所。结合首字母s和语境，填survive。 6. 句意：岛上的资源非常有限，所以人们不能在那里长期居住。结合首字母r和limited的修饰对象，填resources。 7. 句意：极端天气给登山者带来了巨大挑战。present a challenge为固定搭配，意为“带来挑战”，结合首字母p，填present。 8. 句意：自然界中所有生物都应学会彼此共存。coexist with为固定搭配，意为“与……共存”，结合首字母c，填coexist。 9. 句意：干旱已经威胁到了该地区许多动植物的生存。结合首字母t和现在完成时的结构，填threatened。 10. 句意：当她在事故中失去最亲密的朋友时，她不得不忍受巨大的痛苦。结合首字母e和语境，填endure。 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. _______ difficult the situation is, we should never give up hope for survival. 2. _______ you go, remember that you are a representative of our school. 3. _______ says that the ecosystem crisis can be solved easily is not telling the truth. 4. No matter _______ hard he tried, he still couldn't get enough resources for his team. 5. _______ happens, we must stick to our promise to protect the wild species. 6. _______ breaks the rules of protecting the habitat will be punished seriously. 7. No matter _______ you are, you have the responsibility to protect the environment. 8. _______ cold it is in Antarctica, there are still some animals living there. 9. _______ we do should be good for the coexistence of humans and nature. 10. No matter _______ it is, it is not as important as the survival of the species. 答案： 1. However 2. Wherever 3. Whoever 4. how 5. Whatever 6. Whoever 7. who 8. However 9. Whatever 10. what 1. 空格后为形容词difficult，用however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how，意为“无论多么”，故填However。 2. 空格后为地点状语you go，用wherever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter where，意为“无论哪里”，故填Wherever。 3. 空格处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指人，意为“无论谁”，只能用whoever，不能用no matter who，故填Whoever。 4. no matter后接how修饰形容词或副词，此处修饰副词hard，构成no matter how引导的让步状语从句，故填how。 5. 空格处引导让步状语从句，且在从句中作主语，指物，意为“无论什么”，可用whatever（相当于no matter what），故填Whatever。 6. 空格处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指人，意为“无论谁”，只能用whoever，不能用no matter who，故填Whoever。 7. no matter后接who引导让步状语从句，意为“无论谁”，从句中be动词后缺表语，故填who。 8. 空格后为形容词cold，用however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how，意为“无论多么”，故填However。 9. 空格处引导主语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语，指物，意为“无论什么”，只能用whatever，不能用no matter what，故填Whatever。 10. no matter后接what引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”，从句中be动词后缺表语，故填what。 真题感知 1.（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）At this time tomorrow, we ______ (fly) to New York for an international conference. 答案：will be flying 解析：考查将来进行时，标志词“At this time tomorrow”表示将来某个具体时间正在进行的动作，结构为will be + 现在分词。 2.（2025·浙江卷·单项选择）—What will you do this weekend? —I ______ (attend) a piano lesson at 10 a.m. on Saturday. A. attend B. will attend C. will be attending D. have attended 答案：C 解析：“at 10 a.m. on Saturday”是将来具体时间点，强调该时间正在进行的动作，用将来进行时will be attending。 3.（2024·江苏卷·语法填空）By the end of last year, the new hospital ______ (complete) and it opened to the public in January. 答案：had been completed 解析：“By the end of last year”表示“过去的过去”，hospital与complete是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态had been + 过去分词。 4.（2025·天津卷·单项填空）The project ______ (finish) before we arrived at the construction site, so we had nothing to do but wait.（A. has been finished B. had been finished C. was finished D. would be finished） 答案：B 解析：finish的动作发生在arrived之前，是“过去的过去”且project与finish为被动，用过去完成时被动had been finished。 5.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）When I passed the classroom, the windows ______ (clean) by the students, so the room looked bright. 答案：were being cleaned 解析：“When I passed”是过去时间点，强调此时窗户正在被清洁，用过去进行时被动语态was/were being + 过去分词，windows为复数，故用were being cleaned。 6.（2025·山东卷·单项选择）I didn’t disturb her because she ______ (interview) by a journalist at that moment.（A. was interviewing B. was being interviewed C. has been interviewed D. is being interviewed） 答案：B 解析：“at that moment”是过去具体时刻，she与interview是被动关系，用过去进行时被动was being interviewed。 7.（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空）It is obvious that the young man ______ (lie) to us about his experience. 答案：is lying 解析：it作形式主语，真正主语是that从句，根据语境“很明显这个年轻人正在对我们撒谎”，从句用现在进行时is lying。 8.（2025·湖北卷·单项填空）______ is important for us to learn about different cultures.（A. This B. That C. It D. What） 答案：C 解析：考查it作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式短语to learn about different cultures，固定句型It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.。 9.（2024·四川卷·语法填空）We think ______ necessary to protect the ecosystem of Macquarie Island. 答案：it 解析：it作形式宾语，替代后面的不定式短语to protect the ecosystem of Macquarie Island，形容词necessary作宾语补足语，结构为think it + adj. + to do sth.。 10.（2025·广东卷·短文改错）I find that hard to balance my study and hobbies. 答案：that改为it 解析：固定结构find it + adj. + to do sth.，it作形式宾语，指代后面的不定式，that不能作形式宾语，需改为it。 11.（2024·重庆卷·语法填空）______ hard the situation is, we will never give up the struggle for survival. 答案：However/No matter how 解析：考查让步状语从句，however/no matter how后接形容词/副词，此处修饰hard，意为“无论情况多么艰难”。 12.（2025·湖南卷·单项选择）______ you go, you should always remember your hometown. A. Wherever B. Whatever C. Whenever D. Whoever 答案：A 解析：wherever/no matter where引导地点让步状语从句，意为“无论你去哪里”，符合语境；whatever指事物，whenever指时间，whoever指人，均不符合。 综合提升练 一、单项选择（10题） 1. At this time tomorrow, we ______ (attend) a ceremony for the opening of the new school. A. attend B. will attend C. will be attending 答案：C 解析：考查将来进行时，标志词“At this time tomorrow”表将来具体时间正在进行的动作，结构为will be + 现在分词。 2. The new rules ______ (make) by the school before the new term started. A. were made B. had been made C. have been made 答案：B 解析：考查过去完成时被动，“before the new term started”表“过去的过去”，rules与make是被动关系，用had been made。 3. When I passed the street, the old buildings ______ (pull) down by the workers. A. were pulled B. were being pulled C. are being pulled 答案：B 解析：考查过去进行时被动，“When I passed”是过去时间点，强调建筑正在被拆除，用were being pulled。 4. ______ is important for us to protect the delicate ecosystem. A. This B. That C. It 答案：C 解析：it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式to protect the delicate ecosystem，符合**It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.**句型。 5. I find ______ hard to understand the complex phenomenon of global warming. A. it B. that C. this 答案：A 解析：it作形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式to understand...，形容词hard作宾补，结构为find it + adj. + to do sth.。 6. ______ difficult the crisis is, we will never give up the struggle for survival. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever 答案：A 解析：however/no matter how引导让步状语从句，后接形容词difficult，表“无论危机多艰难”；whatever接名词，whenever接时间，均不符合。 7. This place ______ (know) for its unique lifestyle since ancient times. A. is known B. was known C. has been known 答案：A 解析：固定搭配be known for（因……闻名），描述客观事实用一般现在时被动is known。 8. I doubt ______ he can break the boundaries and achieve his dream. A. that B. whether C. what 答案：B 解析：doubt后接宾语从句表“怀疑是否”，用whether引导；that用于doubt否定句中，what作成分，均不符合。 9. In my opinion, we ______ (should) take measures to conserve the biodiversity of Shennongjia. A. should B. would C. must 答案：A 解析：考查观点表达句型，**In my opinion, we should...**表建议，用情态动词should。 10. ______ you go in Antarctica, you can see the beautiful wild scenery. A. Wherever B. Whoever C. However 答案：A 解析：wherever/no matter where引导地点让步状语从句，表“无论你在南极洲哪里”；whoever指人，however接形容词/副词，均不符合。 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空（10题） 1. I ______ (concern) about your growth, so I want to give you some suggestions. 答案：am concerned 解析：固定短语be concerned about（担心……），主语I用am concerned。 2. By the end of last year, the project ______ (complete) and it brought great benefits to the local people. 答案：had been completed 解析：“By the end of last year”表“过去的过去”，project与complete是被动关系，用had been completed。 3. When we arrived at the village, a new hospital ______ (build) by the government. 答案：was being built 解析：“When we arrived”是过去时间点，医院正在被建造，用was being built。 4. ______ (compare) with the past, people’s lifestyle has changed a lot. 答案：Compared 解析：过去分词作状语，compared with（与……相比）是固定搭配。 5. It is a common phenomenon that young people ______ (pursue) their dreams bravely. 答案：pursue 解析：it作形式主语，that从句描述客观现象，用一般现在时pursue。 6. She finds ______ (it) necessary to manage her time well for self-improvement. 答案：it 解析：it作形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式to manage...，形容词necessary作宾补。 7. In response to your doubt, I ______ (think) you can try again and never give up. 答案：think 解析：**In response to your doubt, I think...**是回应质疑的核心句型，用一般现在时think。 8. ______ (survive) in the wild needs strong will and practical skills. 答案：Surviving 解析：动名词作主语，表抽象动作，用Surviving。 9. At 8 p.m. this evening, I ______ (attend) a lecture about environmental protection. 答案：will be attending 解析：“At 8 p.m. this evening”表将来具体时间，用将来进行时will be attending。 10. ______ (no matter) what difficulties we meet, we should stick to our goals. 答案：No matter 解析：no matter what引导让步状语从句，表“无论什么困难”。 三、语法选择（10题） 1. —What will you do at 10 a.m. tomorrow? —I ______ a speech about growing up. A. give B. will give C. will be giving 答案：C 解析：“at 10 a.m. tomorrow”是将来具体时间点，用将来进行时will be giving。 2. The toxic food ______ by the food safety department before it was sold in the market. A. had been found B. was found C. has been found 答案：A 解析：“before it was sold”表“过去的过去”，toxic food与find是被动关系，用had been found。 3. While I ______ the document, the power went out suddenly. A. read B. was reading C. am reading 答案：B 解析：while引导的时间状语从句，表过去动作进行时另一个动作发生，用过去进行时was reading（此处结合过去进行时被动考点延伸，从句为主动，主句为被动）。 4. ______ is interesting to learn about the culture of the global village. A. This B. That C. It 答案：C 解析：it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式to learn...，符合**It is + adj. + to do sth.**句型。 5. We consider ______ important that we should respect different nations and cultures. A. it B. that C. this 答案：A 解析：it作形式宾语，真正宾语是that从句，形容词important作宾补。 6. ______ he says, I won’t believe his lies anymore. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever 答案：B 解析：whatever/no matter what引导让步状语从句，在从句中作says的宾语，表“无论他说什么”。 7. I doubt ______ the ecosystem of Macquarie Island can be well protected. A. that B. if C. what 答案：B 解析：doubt后接宾语从句表“怀疑是否”，if与whether同义，均可引导。 8. This chapter ______ the changes of the city over the past 50 years. A. describes B. described C. is describing 答案：A 解析：描述章节内容用一般现在时，主语This chapter是单数，用describes。 9. In my opinion, we ______ protect the wild animals in Antarctica. A. may B. should C. would 答案：B 解析：**In my opinion, we should...**是发表观点的核心句型，用should表建议。 10. ______ hard he tries, he can never cross the boundary of his ability without practice. A. However B. Whatever C. Wherever 答案：A 解析：however/no matter how后接副词hard，引导让步状语从句，表“无论他多努力”。 四、语法填空（语篇型）（10题） Growing up in a changing world, we 1 ______ (face) many challenges and opportunities. At this time next year, I 2 ______ (study) in a university, where I hope to improve myself and break the boundaries of my knowledge. By the time I enter the university, I 3 ______ (learn) English for 12 years, and I know that a good command of English 4 ______ (help) me understand the global village better. It is a common phenomenon that young people 5 ______ (be) interested in exploring different cultures, and I find 6 ______ meaningful to learn about the customs of other nations. When I visited Shennongjia last summer, the local government 7 ______ (take) measures to conserve the ecosystem. 8 ______ (compare) with ten years ago, the environment there has become more beautiful. I doubt 9 ______ some people still ignore the importance of environmental protection, but 10 ______ difficult the situation is, we should keep fighting for a better world. 答案： 1. 答案：are facing 解析：描述现阶段正在经历的状态，用现在进行时are facing。 2. 答案：will be studying 解析：“At this time next year”表将来具体时间，用将来进行时will be studying。 3. 答案：will have learned 解析：“By the time + 一般现在时”，主句用将来完成时will have learned，表“到进入大学时已经学了12年英语”。 4. 答案：will help 解析：宾语从句表将来的影响，用一般将来时will help。 5. 答案：are 解析：that从句描述客观现象，主语young people是复数，用are。 6. 答案：it 解析：it作形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式to learn...，形容词meaningful作宾补。 7. 答案：was taking 解析：“When I visited”是过去时间点，强调政府当时正在采取措施，用过去进行时was taking（结合过去进行时被动考点，此处为主动，体现时态用法）。 8. 答案：Compared 解析：compared with是固定分词短语，作状语表对比。 9. 答案：whether/if 解析：doubt后接宾语从句表“怀疑是否”，用whether或if引导。 10. 答案：however 解析：however引导让步状语从句，后接形容词difficult，表“无论情况多困难”。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $