Unit 8 Cooking Skills-虚拟语气（讲+练）-《英语 基础模块3》（语文版2022版）

虚拟语气 《英语 基础模块3》（语文版2022版） Unit 8 Cooking Skills语法 导 入 目 录 01. 什么是虚拟语气？ 02. if引导的虚拟条件句 04. 虚拟语气在从句中的运用 03. 虚拟语气进阶 05. 巩固练习 I 英语中的三大语气 表示所说的话是事实。 eg. He ia a doctor. 表示所说的话是请求或命令。 eg. Open the book, please. 表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 eg. I wish I were rich. 陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气 I 什么是虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实的情况。 1.表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望、假设或推测。 2.表示建议、命令、劝告等。 eg. If I were you, I would accept his invitation. eg. I wish you were more careful . I 真实条件句VS非真实条件句 真实条件句表达的是假设有可能发生，不用虚拟。 eg. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. 非真实条件句：假设不太可能发生或与事实相反，用虚拟语气。 eg. If I had more money, I would buy a new house. 真实条件句，说话人认为明天可能会下雨 非真实条件句，说话人认为有钱的可能性很小 I 条件句中的虚拟语气 （一）与现在事实相反的假设​情况。 “If + 主语 + 动词过去式（be动词用were），主语 + would/should/could/might + 动词原形”表示现在不可能发生或与现实相反的情况。​ eg. If I were you, I would study harder. eg. If she had time, she could go to the party with us. eg. If there were no air, people would not live. be的过去式 would+动词原形 动词过去式 could+动词原形 be的过去式 would+动词原形 I 条件句中的虚拟语气 （二）与过去事实相反的假设​ “If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主语 + would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词” 表示过去本可以发生但实际未发生的情况。​ eg. If you had come earlier, you would have met my teacher. eg. If they had known the truth, they might not have made the mistake. eg. If it had not rained yesterday, we could have played basketball. had done would have done had done might have done had done could have done I 条件句中的虚拟语气 （三）与将来事实相反或可能性极小的假设​ “If + 主语 + 动词过去式 /were to +动词原形 /should + 动词原形，主语 + would/should/could/might + 动词原形”，表示对将来的假设（实现可能性低）。​ eg. If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home. eg. If he were to come, what should we say? eg. If she should fail the exam, she would be sad. 动词过去式 would +动词原形 were+不定式 should+动原 should+动原 would +动词原形 I 虚拟语气进阶 （一）错综时间条件句 如果从句的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一样，虚拟语气的形式要根据它所表示的时间做相应的调整。 eg. If she had known it yesterday, she would not be in trouble now. 从句（过去时间）：对过去事实的假设，谓语用 “had + 过去分词”。 主句（将来时间）：对将来结果的推测，谓语用 “would/could/should/might + 动词原形”。 I 虚拟语气进阶 （二）含蓄条件句 有时候并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系或其他形式表达出来。多数情况下，会暗含在下列短语中：without，but/but for（要不是，如果没有）otherwise/or/or else（否则，反之） 1．without/but for＋名词，主句的时态为 现在/将来的虚拟：could/would/might/should＋动原 过去的虚拟：could/would/might/should＋have＋过去分词 eg. Without air, human beings would not survive.（现在的虚拟） eg. But for your help, I could not have finished this task.（过去的虚拟） I 虚拟语气进阶 （二）含蓄条件句 2．otherwise/or 引导的从句需要虚拟语气，主句是一个事实句，不需要虚拟 现在/将来的虚拟：could/would/might/should＋动原 过去的虚拟：could/would/might/should＋have＋过去分词 eg. I am really busy now，otherwise/or I would go to the exhibition with you.（将来的虚拟） eg. I was ill last week，otherwise/or I would have taken part in the winter camp.（过去的虚拟） I 虚拟语气进阶 （三）虚拟语气的省略和倒装 原句：If I were you, I would take this opportunity. 省略倒装句：Were I you, I would take this opportunity. 在虚拟语气中，当从句的引导词 “if” 表示 “如果” 且从句中含有 “were、should、had” 时，可省略 “if”，同时将 “were、should、had” 提前，构成省略倒装结构。但需注意，这种省略仅适用于if 引导的非真实条件句。 原句：If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam. 省略倒装句：Had you studied harder, you would have passed the exam. I 虚拟语气在从句中的运用 一、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 宾语从句中的虚拟语气​ eg. The teacher suggested that we (should) read English every day. 1. 表示 “建议、命令、要求” 的动词（如 suggest, advise, order, demand, require）​ 结构：主语 + 动词 + that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形（从句用 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略） eg. The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a week. I 虚拟语气在从句中的运用 一、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 宾语从句中的虚拟语气​ eg. I wish I were a bird. eg. I wish I had taken your advice. 2. wish 后的宾语从句（表示难以实现的愿望）​ 与现在事实相反：从句用过去式（be动词用were）​​ 与过去事实相反：从句用 had + 过去分词 eg. I wish you would come tomorrow. 与将来事实相反：从句用 would + 动词原形 I 虚拟语气在从句中的运用 一、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 主语从句中的虚拟语气​​ eg. It is necessary that we (should) learn a foreign language. eg. It is important that he (should) follow the rules. “It is + 形容词/名词（necessary, important, strange, a pity） + that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、必要等含义。​​ eg. It is a pity that she (should) miss such a good chance. I 虚拟语气在从句中的运用 二、其他结构中的虚拟语气​ eg. He talks as if he were the boss. eg. They talked as if they had been friends for years. 1. as if /as though 引导的从句（表示 “好像”，与事实相反）​​ 与现在事实相反：从句用过去式（be动词用were）​​ 与过去事实相反：从句用 had + 过去分词 I 虚拟语气在从句中的运用 二、其他结构中的虚拟语气​ eg. I would rather you stayed at home tonight. eg. I would rather you had told me the truth earlier. 2. would rather（宁愿）后的从句​​​ 与现在/将来事实相反：从句用过去式（be动词用were）​​ 与过去事实相反：从句用 had + 过去分词 I 虚拟语气在从句中的运用 二、其他结构中的虚拟语气​ eg. It’s time that we went to bed. eg. It is high time we should study hard. 3. “It’s time (that)...” 结构​ 从句中用过去时或 “should + 动词原形”，should不可省略。​​ 巩固练习 1. Our teacher suggests that we ______ (finish) our homework before playing games. 2. The coach ordered that all players ______ (arrive) at the playground early tomorrow. 3. The school requires that every student ______ (wear) the school uniform on weekdays. 4. The doctor asked that he ______ (rest) for a few days after the surgery. 5. They demanded that the new policy ______ (be) implemented immediately. finish arrive wear rest be 一、单词的适当形式填空 巩固练习 1. If I ____ you, I would study harder for the exam. A. am B. was C. were D. be 2. He talks as if he ____ everything, but we know he doesn't. A. knows B. knew C. had known D. has known 3. I wish I ____ taller. Then I could be a basketball player. A. am B. was C. were D. have been 4. I wish my brother ____ so much noise. I'm trying to study. A. doesn't make B. didn't make C. hadn't made D. wouldn't make 5. If it ____ yesterday, we would have gone hiking. A. didn't rain B. hadn't rained C. doesn't rain D. hasn't rained 二、单选题 Summary 01. 什么是虚拟语气？ 02. if引导的虚拟条件句 04. 虚拟语气在从句中的运用 03. 虚拟语气进阶 Thanks Lavf58.45.100 $