Unit 7 The natural world 知识清单-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了8A Unit7“The natural world”的核心内容，涵盖生态系统基础概念、自然环境特征描述、核心词汇及语法句型三大知识范畴，为学生搭建了从“词汇辨析”到“句型应用”再到“主题语篇理解”的递进式学习架构。 清单采用“核心词汇拓展+语法点对比+主题语篇整合”的方式呈现知识体系，如将“lie-lied-lied（说谎）/lie-lay-lain（躺；位于）/lay-laid-laid（放置）”的动词辨析以表格形式对比呈现，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。特别设计了“重难点加粗标注”和“例题应用提示”，如“so...that...”句型配有“沙漠气候恶劣，仅能生存少数动植物”的例句及结构解析，不同基础的学生都能高效掌握要点，教师可据此设计分层教学活动，提升课堂实效。

8A Unit7 The natural world 1 To treat the earth kindly is to treat oneself kindly. 善待大地，即是善待自己。 treat v.对待，看待, 治疗, 处理, 请客，招待; n.请客，做东, 乐趣 treatment n.治疗, 对待, 处理 treat sb. for sth.=cure sb. of sth.治疗某人的疾病 give sb. as a treat 款待某人 2 read about different ecosystems 了解不同生态系统 ecosystems：n.<生>生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 ) 3 Rainforests are home to over half of all the types of animals and plants on earth. 热带雨林是地球上超过一半的动植物种类的家园。 be home to ...的家园 4 Grasslands often lie between deserts and forests. 草原通常位于沙漠与森林之间。 lie-lied-lied说谎 lie-lay-lain 躺；位于 lay-laid-laid 放置 5 It’s very dry in deserts because there is little rain. 沙漠地区气候干燥，因为降雨稀少。 there be+n. 6 The climate in deserts is so awful that only a few animals and plants can live there. 沙漠气候恶劣，仅能生存少数动植物。 climate n.气候 so...that....如此...以至于.... so +adj/adv/多多少少+n. that+句子 so that=in order that 为了，以便于 Reading 7 An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. 生态系统包括某一区域内所有生物和非生物。 include v.包含 including prep包含 living adj.有生命的 live adj.活的, 现场直播的, 通电的, 仍可爆炸的 be covered live lively adj.活泼的，活力的 alive adj.活着的与dead相反 8 Ecosystems can be of different sizes,from small ponds to large grasslands. 生态系统大小各异，从小型池塘到大型草原都有。 be of+抽象名词=have+adj./be+adj 例题These toy bricks are ______ different sizes, shapes and colours, but they are exactly the same ______. A. in; in weights B. in; of weight C. of; in weight D. of; of weights 9 Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment. 每个生态系统都发挥着特定作用，有助于维持其所有成员与更广阔环境之间的平衡。 1) each用法: each 做主语的时候：each +n单+v单 each 做同位语的时候 主语+each谓语动词看主语 each of用法：名词复数，动词三单 2) keep the balance between A and B 保持A与B的平衡 10 It holds plenty of salt water, and the water rises to the sky, falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean. 它蕴藏着大量咸水，水位不断攀升至天际，流经陆地后又重新汇入海洋。 1) plenty of 很多的，大量的+可数/不可数 2) rise-rose-risen v.上升，日月，潮水，温度自然事物上升 raise-raised-raised v.举起，抚养，筹集，增加人为的上升 11 This goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the“heart”of the earth. 海洋如此循环往复，宛如地球的“心脏”。 go on=carry on=continue doing/to do 继续做同一件事情/继续做不同的事情 go的搭配 go ahead 继续;取得进展go back回到;回去 go by 走过;(时间)流逝 go down下降;坠落;倒下go into 进入 go away走开,离去 go on 继续……下去go out出去;熄灭go over仔细检查;复习go through 经历;浏览;翻阅 go up 上升;上涨go for a walk出去散步go to sleep去睡觉 12 Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean. 湿地中的植物有助于清除污染并净化水质。 get rid of 摆脱，除去 13 Wetlands can also help prevent floods. 湿地还可以帮助防止洪水。 prevent/stop/keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 例题Can you show us what action we can take ______ (prevent) rare birds from dying out? 例题They contacted all the teachers they could turn to ______ their son ______ games in the dorm. A. to prevent; playing B. to prevent; to play C. preventing; to play D. preventing; playing 例题—I’m wondering what ways you can think of ______ the weak zebra. —I think I need ______ with my close friends further. I will let you know later. A. to protect; to talk B. protecting; to talk C. to protect; talking D. protecting; talking 14 Wetlands store water like huge sponges. 湿地像巨大的海绵一样储存着水。 store v.储存 n.商店 15 Forests make up nearly a third of the earth’s land area. 森林覆盖了地球陆地面积的近三分之一。 make up :构成；形成, 编造, 化妆, 凑足 16 Plants there take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. 那里的植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并产生氧气。 take in:吸收, 领会, 欺骗, 接待 take搭配： take off脱下;(飞机)起飞take on 承担;呈现take up开始做;继续;占据(时间、空间)take out取出;除去take over接替;接管take place发生take away 消除;带走 take down拆卸;记录take in吸入;欺骗;收留take a break/ breaks休息一下 take a look at看一看take a message传话;捎口信take a photo/ photos照相 take a risk/ risks 冒险take a shower洗澡take a trip 去旅行take a vacation去度假;休假 take a walk散步 take an interest in…对······感兴趣take care of 照看;照顾take care 当心;留心 take exercise锻炼身体take it easy放轻松;从容 take notes记录;记笔记take notice注意take one's temperature 量体温 take one's time 慢慢来take part in参加;参与活动take photo of…给······拍照 take pride in…为……感到骄傲 take the lead 领头;领先 take the place of…接替……的位置take the subway 乘地铁take turns轮流 17 They also trap harmful things in their leaves and help clean the air. 它们还能在叶片中捕获有害物质，从而帮助净化空气。 trap :n.(捕鸟兽的)陷阱/夹子/罗网, 圈套，骗局, 困境, 嘴, 双轮轻便马车; trap -trapped-trapped v.使陷入困境, 设陷阱捕捉, 卡/夹/绊住, 收集，吸收, 诱骗，抓捕 trapped adj.捕集的, 捕获的, 陷入困境的, 受到限制的 18 Therefore,people often call forests the“lungs”of the earth. 因此，人们常把森林称为地球的“肺”。 therefore因此 however 然而 instead 相反 moreover 此外 besides除了 otherwise否则要不然 19 What is an ecosystem made up of? 生态系统由什么组成 be made up of=consist of由....组成 20 Some animals feed on the leaves,and the water can keep them healthy. 一些动物以树叶为食，而水能保持它们的健康 feed on v.以…为食，以…为能源 21 Their flowers and fruits can provide animals with energy. 它们的花和果实能为动物提供能量。 provide sb.with sth.=provide sth. for sb. offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物 Integration 22 Many birds live in Zhalong all year round,while some go there only for a short stay. 许多鸟类全年栖息在扎龙，而有些则仅短暂停留。 while :然后，当...时候，一会儿 23 This will lead to less space for wildlife. 这将导致野生动物生存空间减少。 lead to导致 =cause=result in set up 建立；设立；创立, 安排, 建立；竖起, 安装，调试，架设（设备等）, 诬陷；栽赃 balance n./v.平衡 balanced adj.平稳的，平衡的, 和谐的，有条不紊的, 安定的; 24 We can encourage people to protect forests too. 我们也可以鼓励人们保护森林。 encourage v.鼓励, 使有希望, 劝说, 促进 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人去做某事 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $