2026年中考英语语法讲练手册 chapter 20 直接引语和间接引语

该初中英语语法讲练手册聚焦中考核心语法“直接引语和间接引语”，系统梳理人称转换“三原则”、时态变化“六对应”、状语调整“十二类”及句式转换“四方法”，构建“定义-特点-规则-应用”四层知识体系。通过表格对比、巧学妙记口诀（如“时态向前退一步”）梳理考点，结合“连线中考”真题讲解突破转换难点，形成“考点梳理-方法指导-真题演练”的完整教学流程。 亮点在于“规则模块化”和“情境化应用”策略，如将人称转换分为“一随主、二随宾、三不变”模块，配合“人称代词-物主代词-反身代词”联动练习，培养学生的语言能力和逻辑思维品质。特设“真题改写+即时纠错”环节（如将一般疑问句转换为if/whether引导的宾语从句），配合“基础填空、真题仿写、综合转换”三级训练，5分钟限时转换测试强化应用，确保学生高效掌握转换规则，教师可据此把控复习节奏，实现语法知识向应考能力的转化。

初中英语语法讲练手册 chapter 20 直接引语和间接引语 直接引语就是直接引用别人所说的话，需要用引号；间接引语是转述别人的话。将直接引语 变成间接引语，间接引语多以宾语从句的形式表现出来。直接引语和间接引语的特点如下表： 引 语 特 点 直接引语 被引用的话放在引号内；被引用的话是原话，不作任何改动；引用的话之前用“,”或“:”; 引用的话结束后、需用“”、“!”、"?”等标点符号。常用的引述动词有say(说道),ask(问 道),shout(喊道),cry(喊道),order(命令),smile(微笑道),laugh(大笑道)等。 间接引语 在引述谓语和被引用的话语之间不用逗号、冒号、引号等；有时态的变化；有人称、时间、地点 等的变化。常用的引述动词有say(说道),ask(问道),shout(喊道),cry(喊道),order(命令)等。 ( 直接引语与间接引语的转换 ) 直接引语转换成间接引语时，句子要做相应的变化，主要是人称代词、语序、时态的调整，主 从句之间还要有相应的连词。 ( 人称的变化 ) 变为间接引语时，如果直接引语的主语是第一人称，需和主句的主语保持一致。 She said to him,"I like these flowers." →She told him that she liked those flowers.她告诉他，她喜欢那些花儿。 变为间接引语时，如果原话是针对转述人说的，直接引语中的主语是第二人称的，转换 为第一人称。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 第20章 直接引语和间接引语 She said,“Are you interested in chemistry?” → She asked me if/whether I was interested in chemistry.她问我对化学是否感兴趣。 回 变为间接引语时，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，直接引语中的主语是第二人称的，转 换成第三人称。 I asked him,“Will you stay at home or go to school?” → I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to school. 我问他要待在家里还是去学校。 变为间接引语时，如果直接引语的主语是第三人称，人称不变。 Nancy told her parents,"He is a nice boy." → Nancy told her parents that he was a nice boy.南希告诉父母说他是一个不错的小伙子。 ( 特别留意 ■ 人称的转换还包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等。 He said to me," I broke your CD player." →He told me that he had broken m y CD player. 他告诉我他弄坏了我的 CD 机 。 ) ( 时态的变化 ) 时态需要变化的情况 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态 方面的变化如下： 直接引语 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 间接引语 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时 She said,“I am your mother's friend.” → She said she was my mother's friend.她说她是我妈妈的朋友。 Martin told me,“I rang Alice yesterday.” → Martin told me that he had rung Alice the day before. 马丁告诉我说他前一天给艾丽丝打电话了。 Nina told me,“Lisa is spending her holiday in Hawaii.”" → Nina told me that Lisa was spending her holiday in Hawaii. 尼娜告诉我丽莎正在夏威夷度假。 Nell said,“I have worked out this problem.” → Nell said that she had worked out that problem. 内尔说她已经做出了那道题。 Bob told me,“I had studied French for years before I went to France.” → Bob told me that he had studied French for years before he went to France. 鲍勃告诉我说他去法国之前已经学习了很多年法语。 Hayley said to me,“I will meet you at the airport tomorrow.” → Hayley said to me that she would meet me at the airport the next day. 海莉跟我说她第二天要在机场接我。 时态不需要变化的情况 a 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或一般将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的时态无 需变化。 He says , “I will go for a walk after dinner.” →He says he will go for a walk after dinner.他说他晚饭后去散步。 If you ask him,he will say, "I don't know how to do it." → If you ask him,he will say(that)he doesn't know how to do it. 如果你问他，他会说他不知道怎么做。 b 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，直接引语是客观真理、自然现象、客观规律等时，在变 为间接引语时，时态不变。 Mother told me,"One and one is two." → Mother told me that one and one is two. 妈妈告诉我一加一等于二。 He said to me,"The capital of Canada is Ottawa." → He told me that the capital of Canada is Ottawa. 他对我说加拿大的首都是渥太华。 c 直接引语为一般过去时且与具体的过去的时间状语连用时，变为间接引语时仍然用一般 过去时。 Chloe said,“The story took place in the 1930s.” → Chloe said that the story took place in the 1930s. 克洛伊说这个故事发生在20世纪30年代。 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ( 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化 ) 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this这个 that那个 these这些 those那些 时间状语 n ow 现 在 then那时 today今天 that day那天 this evening今晚 that evening那晚 yesterday昨天 the day before前一天 yesterday morning昨天早晨 the morning before前一天早晨 last night昨晚 the night before前一天晚上 two days ago两天前 two days before两天前 next week下周 the next week /the following week 第二周 tomorrow明天 the next day/the following day 第二天 the day before yesterday前天 two days before两天前 the day after tomorrow后天 in two days'time/two days after两天后 地点状语 here这里 there那里 方向性动词 bring带来 take带走 come来 g o 去 4 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Nell said,"I'm now reading a novel." → Nell said that she was then reading a novel. 内尔说她那时正在读一本小说。 He asked me,“What shall we do this evening? → He asked me what we should do that evening. 他问我那天晚上我们该做些什么。 She asked her mother,"Did you go shopping yesterday ?" → She asked her mother if she had gone shopping the day before. 她问她妈妈前一天是否去购物了。 Joanna said,“Mr Black is going to attend the meeting next week.” → Joanna said that Mr Black was going to attend the meeting the next week. 乔安娜说布莱克先生第二周要参加那个会议。 He said,"I will come back tomorrow ." → He said that he would come back the next day. 他说他第二天回来。 Toby said to me,“This is the nearest post office.” → Toby said to me that was the nearest post office. 托比告诉我说那就是最近的邮局。 Kerry told me,“These books were borrowed ten days ago.” → Kerry told me that those books had been borrowed ten days before. 克里告诉我说那些书是十天前借的。 Helen told me,"I will come to the party tonight." → Helen told me that she would go to the party that night. 海伦告诉我她那天晚上会去参加聚会。 My brother asked me,“Could you bring the basketball to school?” → My brother asked me if I could take the basketball to school. 我哥哥问我能否把篮球带到学校去。 ( 句式的转换 ) 直接引语是陈述句时 将直接引语中的陈述句转化为间接引语时，将陈述句转变成由that引导的宾语从句，that 可 省略，主句引述动词主要为say,tell,repeat,answer,reply,explain,think,suggest等。 Chad said,“I will go to senior high school next year.” → Chad said (that) he would go to senior high school the next year. 查德说他明年就要上高中了。 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 第20章 直接引语和间接引语 ( 巧学妙记 当直接引语为陈述句，变成间接引语时 去掉引号加 that, 时态向前退一步， 人称变化要灵活， 状语变化按规定。 ) 直接引语是疑问句时 由疑问句转变而来的间接引语必须用陈述句语序，句尾用句号。主句引述动词是say时，要 改 为ask,wonder,don't know,want to know,be not sure,be puzzled等。 a 一般疑问句，需改为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。 Bridget said,"Do all of you often play with your friends?" → Bridget asked if/whether all of us often played with our friends. 布里奇特问我们是否经常和朋友们玩。 b 反意疑问句改为由if/whether..or not 引导的宾语从句。 He asked me,"You study English,don't you?" → He asked me if/whether I studied English or not. 他问我是不是学英语的。 My friend asked me,“When do you go swimming?” → My friend asked me when I went swimming. 我朋友问我什么时候去游泳。 ( 巧学妙记 ) 当直接引语为一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变成间接引语时 去掉引号加if/whether , 1 时态人称和状语， 陈述语序要记住， 小心变化别马虎。 c 选择疑问句改为用whether..or..引导的宾语从句。 I asked Sally,“Will you stay with me or go by yourself on a picnic?” → I asked Sally whether she would stay with me or go by herself on a picnic. 我问莎莉，她是和我待在一起呢，还是自己独自去野餐。 d 特殊疑问句改为由原疑问词作连接词来引导的宾语从句。 “Who has broken this cup?”Mum asked me. → Mum asked me who had broken that cup.妈妈问我谁打碎了那个杯子。 巧学妙记 当直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时 直接去引号， 小心助动词， 陈述莫忘掉， 丢它最重要。 直接引语是祈使句时 祈使句变为间接引语时将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式，作宾语补足语，原主句引述动 词say需改为ask,tell,order,beg,warn,advise 等。否定句需要在不定式前加上not。 “Hand in your papers!”The teacher said to us. → The teacher told/asked us to hand in our papers. 老师让我们交上试卷。 "Don't make so much noise, John,"one of them said. → One of them told/asked/ordered John not to make so much noise. 其中一个人告诉约翰不要大声吵闹。 ( 特别留意 ■表示建议的祈使句可以改成 “suggest/advise that.….+(should )+..” 结构。 "Try one more time and see what will h appen,"the teacher said. → The teacher advised that they (should) try one more time and see what would happen. 老师建议他们再试一次看看 结果如何。 ) 巧学妙记 当直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时 去掉引号要加to; 直引若是否定式， ask,order 须记住， not加在to前部。 直接引语是感叹句时 感叹句变为间接引语时可用what 或how引导，也可用that引导。 “What a clever boy you are!”They all shouted. → They all said that he was a clever boy. → They all said what a clever boy he was 他们都说他是个很聪明的男孩。 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 连线中考 1. —What did the teacher say to you just now? —She asked A.where did I learn English B.where I learned English C.where do I learn English D.where I learn English (山东) 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2.Chen Guangbiao says he_ all his money to charities when he dies. A.leaves B.left C.will leave D.would leave (山东临沂) 3.The woman asked the policeman where A.the post office is B.the post office was C.is the post office D.was the post office (重庆) 4.He said that light much faster than sound. A.has travelled B.went C.travels D.travelled (山东枣庄) 5.My friend asked me,“Do you help your parents with the housework on weekdays?”(改写句子， 句意不变) My friend asked me I my parents with the housework on weekdays. (山东济南) 6. She asked me,“Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?”(改为宾语从句) She asked me I go to the cinema the next day. (甘肃兰州) 7.“Put your school bag on the desk.”Mother said to Jack.(改为间接引语) Mother told Jack his school bag on the desk. (甘肃兰州) 8.A:Mr Liu said to us,“I'll go to Chengdu next week.”(根据A句完成B句) B:Mr Liu told us go to Chengdu the next week. (四川巴中) 9. Mike says,“I like seeing action movies.”(改为同义句) Mike says that seeing action movies. (山东临沂) 1. "I am having supper,"he said. He said that having supper. 2. "I've seen the film,"Gina said to me. Gina me that she the film. 3. "I went home with my sister,"she said. She said that home with her sister. 4. The teacher said,"The sun is bigger than the moon." The teacher said that the sun bigger than the moon. 5. "I met her yesterday,"he said to me. He told me that he met her the day 6. “You can come here before five,”he said. He said that I before five. 7."I bought the computer two weeks ago,"she said. She said that she bought the computer two weeks 8. "Did you read the book last week?"he said. He I had read the book the week 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 第20章 直接引语和间接引语 1.B 题意：刚才老师跟你说了什么?”“她问我在哪里学的英语。”宾语从句中用陈述语序，排除A、C 两项；主句用一般过去时，从句用过去的时态，故选B。 2.C 题意：陈光标说他死后会把他所有的钱捐给慈善机构。由时间状语when he dies可知，“捐献 所有的钱”是将来要发生的事，所以应该用将来时；又因为主句用的是一般现在时，所以从句用 一般将来时。 3.B 题意：这个妇女问警察邮局在哪儿。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除C、D;主句时态为一般过去时， 从句应用过去的相应时态，故选B。 4.C 题意：他说光比声音传播得快得多。宾语从句为客观事实或真理，从句时态不受主句时态的限 制，用一般现在时。 5 . if/whether;helped 6. if/whether;would 7. to put 8. he would 9. he likes 1. he was 2. told;had seen 3. she had gone 4. is 5. had;before 6. could go there 7. had;before 8. asked if/whether;before 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $