内容正文:
专题03方位介词、there be句型、 时间表达法
(期末复习讲义)
单元
语法点
常考题型
命题趋势
Unit 3
Unit4
方位介词
连词and,but,because
There be 句型
单项选择
语法选择
语法填空
补全对话等
1.注重素养:更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。
2.情境化突出:借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境,将语法考察与实际生活相结合。
3.文化传承与价值导向明显:注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。
知识点01 方位介词
1、 语法概述:
方位介词表示人或事物在空间中的位置关系、方向或运动趋向的介词。
1.It’s in front of the art building.
2.It is behind the classroom building.
3.The dining hall is across from the sports field.
二、方位介词知识点表格
介词/短语
含义
示例
易混辨析
on
在...表面(接触)
The cup is on the table.
与 over/above 区别:接触表面
over
在正上方(不接触)
A bridge is over the river.
与 under 相对
above
在斜上方(不接触)
The plane flew above the clouds.
与 below 相对
in
在...内部
The cat is in the box.
表范围:She is in her class.
under
在正下方(不接触)
Shoes are under the bed.
与 over 相对
below
在下方(非正下方)
Temperatures are below zero.
与 above 相对
behind
在...后面
The car is behind the house.
next to
紧挨着
The school is next to the park.
between
在两者之间
Sit between Lucy and Lily.
两者之间
among
在三者及以上之间
A flower among the rocks.
多者之间
outside
在...外面
Wait outside the room.
与 inside 相对
near
在...附近
He lives near the station.
与 far 相对
in front of
在...外部的前面
A tree in front of the building.
物体外部的前方
in the front of
在...内部的前部
The driver sits in the front of the car.
物体内部的前端
around
围绕/在...周围
Flowers grow around the house.
at
在(地点/时间点)
Meet at the door.
Start at 9:00.
用于小地点或精确时间
易|错|点|拨
1、 介词或介词短语与名词之间一般会有定冠词the
❌The school is next to park.. → ✅ The school is next to the park.
2、 介词或介词短语与名词之间一般又定冠词the,但当名词前有your, my或her等形容词性物主代词时,介词与名词之间不再加the
❌ There is a shop next to our the school. → ✅ There is a shop next to our school.
【即时检测】
1.—Where are Dale's basketballs? —They're ____ the desk, ____ the floor.
A.on; under B.on; on C.under; under D.under; on
【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:——戴尔的篮球在哪里?——它们在桌子下面,在地板上。on在.......上面;under在.......下面。they代指basketballs,desk桌子,floor地板上,结合选项可知讲的是篮球在桌子下面,地板上,故选D。
2.Lily is in front of Sam, so Sam is ____ Lily.
A.in front of B.next to C.on the left of D.behind
【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:莉莉在萨姆的前面,因此萨姆在莉莉的后面。A在……前面,B挨着,C在……左边,D在……后面,根据Lily is in front of Sam可知萨姆在莉莉的后面,故选D。
知识点02 there be句型
1、 语法概述
There be 结构表示“某地或某时有某人或某物”,其中there没有实际意义,be动词的单复数要与其后的名词保持一致。
2、 核心知识点
知识点
结构/规则
示例
注意事项
基本含义
表示“某处有某物/人”
There is a cat under the table.
区别于 have/has(某人拥有)
主谓一致
主语决定 be 动词单复数
There is water.(不可数)
There are apples.(可数复数)
不可数名词用 is
就近原则
be 动词由最近的主语决定
There is a pen and two books.(最近主语 a pen 单数)
考试重点!
肯定句
There + be + 主语 + 地点
There are birds in the tree.
否定句
There + be + not + 主语 + 地点(some → any)
There isn't any milk.
There aren't students.
some 在否定/疑问句中变 any
一般疑问句
Be + there + 主语 + 地点?
(some → any)
Is there a park nearby?
Are there any eggs?
特殊疑问句
- 问主语:What/Who + be + there + 地点?
- 问地点:Where + be + 主语?
- 问数量:How many/How much + 主语 + be + there?
What is there?(回答:A book.)
Where is the book?
How many books are there?
问主语时 be 动词常用单数
【巧学妙记】there be 结构的用法
there be 结构有特点,主语跟在be后面;
单数、不可数用is, 复数用are要记全;
多个主语来并列,“就近原则”记心间;
否定be后not添,疑问就把be提前。
易|错|点|拨
1. there be 结构中的be动词要和其后的名词在数上保持一致,且遵循就近原则。
❌There are a pen and two books. → ✅ There is a pen and two books.
❌There is two books ane a pen.→ ✅ There are two books ane a pen
2. There be 结构不可与have/has同时使用。
❌There has a cat under the tree. → ✅ There is a cat under the tree.
【即时检测】
1. There ____some milk in the bottles, and the bottles____ white.
A.is; are B.is; is C.are; are D.are; is
【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:瓶子里有一些牛奶,并且瓶子是白色的。前半句是there be句型,milk是不可数名词,牛奶,be动词用is。后半句主语 the bottles 是复数,be动词用are,故选A。
2.—____there any banks near here?
—No, but there____a bank on Center Street.
A.Are; is B.Is; are C.Is;is D.Are; are
【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:——这附近有银行吗?——没有,但中心街上有一家银行。主语是复数名词,be动词用are,主语是单数名词,be动词用is。第一个句子中banks是可数名词复数,所以be动词用are;第二句中bank是单数,所以be动词用is,故选A。
知识点03 时间表达法
1. 询问时间
常用what time和when来提问:
· What time:通常询问具体的时间点(几点几分),回答通常用at + 具体时间。
— What time does the movie start? (电影几点开始?)
— At 7:00 p.m. (晚上七点。)
· When:询问的时间范围更广,可以问年、月、日或大致时间。
— When is your birthday? (你的生日是什么时候?)
— On September 5th. (在九月五号。)
— When do you usually do your homework? (你通常什么时候做作业?)
— In the evening. (在晚上。)
2. 表达时间
①整点表达:
· 数字 + (o'clock),o'clock可以省略。例如:seven (o'clock) (七点)。
②非整点表达:
· 顺读法(直接读法):小时 + 分钟(直接按数字读)。
6:20 → six twenty
10:52 → ten fifty-two
· 逆读法(借助past/to):
分钟 ≤ 30:分钟 + past + 小时(几点过几分)
7:15 → a quarter past seven (七点一刻)
3:25 → twenty-five past three (三点二十五)
分钟 = 30:half past + 小时(几点半)
9:30 → half past nine (九点半)
分钟 > 30:(60 - 原分钟数) + to + (原小时数 + 1)(差几分到几点)
11:35 → twenty-five to twelve (十一点三十五,差二十五分到十二点)
5:50 → ten to six (五点五十,差十分到六点)
5:45 → a quarter to six (五点四十五,差一刻到六点)
易|错|点|拨
1.时间介词的区分:强调at、on、in在不同时间表达前的用法区别。
at + 具体钟点 (at six o'clock)
on + 具体某天 (on Monday, on Sunday morning)
in + 较长时段 (in September, in the morning)
2.When 与 What time 的区分:虽然有时可互换,但What time问的是具体钟点,回答通常精确到几点几分;When问的时间范围更广,回答可以是具体某天、某段时间甚至更模糊的时间。
3.逆读法中的时间转换:使用to时,学生容易在“小时数加1”上出错,需要重点讲解和练习
7:45:❌a quarter to seven→ ✅ a quarter to eight
【即时检测】
1.Children's Day is _________ June.
A.in B.on C.for
【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:儿童节在六月。in用于表示在某个月份、季节、年份等较长的时间范围;on用于表示在具体的某一天或特定的日期;for用于表示一段时间或持续的动作。June是月份,所以用in。故选A。
2.My birthday is on September 10th. (对划线部分提问) your birthday?
【答案】When;is
【解析】【分析】句意:我的生日在9月10日。划线部分"on September 10th"是具体日期,表时间,对时间(具体日期)提问需用疑问词When,置于句首首字母大写;原句含be动词is,变疑问句时需将is提到主语前。故填When,is。
基础题(测试时间:10分钟)
一、单项选择
1.(24-25七年级上·北京·期中)________ a lot of people at the concert last night.
A.There are B.There were C.There is
【答案】B
【详解】句意:昨晚音乐会上有很多人。
考查there be句型的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“last night”可知,句子应用一般过去时;主语“a lot of people”为复数,因此be动词应用过去式were。故选B。
2.(25-26七年级上·福建泉州·期中)—What’s in the bag?
—________ five apples.
A.They are B.These are C.There are
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——包里有什么?——有5个苹果。
考查there be句型。They are他们是;These are这些是;There are有。根据“What’s in the bag?”可知,答句应使用there be句型表示存在。空后“five apples”为复数形式,故用“There are”。故选C。
3.(24-25七年级上·广西南宁·阶段练习)—There ________a new library in our city next year.
—Really? I can’t wait to see it.
A.are B.will have C.will be
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——明年我们城市将会有一个新图书馆。——真的吗?我迫不及待想看看它了。
考查there be句型和一般将来时。根据“There…a new library”可知,此处是there be句型,next year表示“明年”,需要用一般将来时,其结构为“will+动词原形”。故选C。
4.—A photo ________ Mount Tai is ________ the wall.
—Wow, it’s so beautiful.
A.of; in B.of; on C.under; on D.under; of
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——一张泰山的照片在墙上。——哇,太漂亮了。
考查介词辨析。of……的;in在……里面;on在……上面;under在……下面。第一空,a photo of“一张……的照片”,固定搭配,用来说明照片的内容或主题,应用介词“of”,排除C和D;第二空,on the wall“在墙上”,介词短语,指物体附着在墙的表面上,此处是指一张泰山照片贴在墙表面上,而in the wall“在墙里面”,指物体嵌入墙内,如窗户、钉子等,排除A。故选B。
5.—Do you mean the new library is opposite our school?
—Yes. It’s ________ our school.
A.across from B.among C.through D.over
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你是说新图书馆在我们学校对面吗? ——是的。它就在我们学校对面。
考查介词短语。across from在……对面;among在……之中;through穿过,通过;over在……上方。根据“opposite our school”和“Yes.”可知,此处是指新图书馆在学校对面,应用介词短语“across from”。故选A。
6.Sandy sits in front of Amy, but behind Simon. So Sandy sits ________ Amy ________ Simon.
A.next; to B.next to; beside C.between; and D.from; to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:桑迪坐在埃米前面,但在西蒙后面。所以桑迪坐在埃米和西蒙之间。
考查介词短语。next to在……旁边;beside在……旁边;between...and...在……和……之间;from...to...从……到……。根据上文“Sandy sits in front of Amy, but behind Simon.”可知,桑迪坐在埃米前面,在西蒙后面,恰好处于两人之间,应用“between…and…”,符合语境。故选C。
7.(24-25七年级上·黑龙江绥化·期末)There ________ a small bowl of porridge and an egg on the table.
A.has B.is C.are
【答案】B
【详解】句意:桌子上有一小碗粥和一个鸡蛋。
考查there be句型。根据“There...a small bowl of porridge...”可知,本句为there be句型,遵循就近原则。a small bowl of porridge为单数形式,需用is。故选B。
8.(24-25七年级上·吉林长春·阶段练习)________ 20 girls in my class, and I ________ two good friends of them.
A.There have; are B.There have; have C.There is; are D.There are; have
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我班上有20个女孩,他们中有我的两个好朋友。
考查there be结构以及have的用法。根据“20 girls in my class”可知,本句为there be句型,表示“某地有某物”,排除选项A和B;20 girls为名词复数,be动词需are,排除选项C;根据“I...two good friends of them”可知,此处指我“有”两个朋友,用动词have。故选D。
9.—Where is the school dining hall?
—It’s over there, ________ the library and the supermarket.
A.between B.next C.in D.across
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——学校食堂在哪里?——在那边,在图书馆和超市之间。
考查介词辨析。between在……之间;next下一个的;in在……里;across在……对面。根据“the library and the supermarket.”可知,between...and...“在……和……之间”。故选A。
10.Our school is ________ Zhongshan Road.
A.of B.on C.from D.at
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们的学校在中山路。
考查介词。of属于……的;on在……上面;from从……;at在。在英语中,表示“在……街道上”用介词“on”,“on Zhongshan Road”意为“在中山路”。故选B。
11.—Hi, Zhang Dan. ______ is your birthday?
—My birthday is on 2nd May.
A.What B.Why C.When D.Where
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你好,张丹。你的生日是什么时候?——我的生日是5月2日。
考查特殊疑问句。What什么;Why为什么;When什么时候;Where在哪里。根据答语“My birthday is on 2nd May.”可知,此处是询问对方的生日的具体日期,所以应用when引导特殊疑问句,位于句首,首字母要大写。故选C。
12.China’s women’s table tennis team won the championship at the ITTF World Team Table Tennis Championships Finals ______ 24 February, 2024.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:中国女子乒乓球队于2024年2月24日在国际乒联世界乒乓球团体锦标赛决赛中夺得冠军。
考查介词辨析。at后接具体的时刻;on后接具体的日期或星期;in后接世纪、年、月、季节等;to向。根据“24 February”可知,这是具体的日期,其前应用介词on。故选B。
13.(24-25七年级上·全国·课后作业)—________ is your party?
—Next Sunday.
A.Why B.Where C.What D.When
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你的派对是什么时候?——下周日。
考查特殊疑问句。Why为什么;Where哪里;What什么;When什么时候。根据答句“Next Sunday.”可知,是对时间的提问。故选D。
14.—________ does your school begin?
—My school begins at 8:00.
A.What time B.What colour C.How old D.How many
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你们学校什么时候开始上课?——我的学校八点开始上课。
考查特殊疑问句。What time什么时候;What colour什么颜色;How old几岁;How many多少。根据“My school begins at 8:00.”可知,此处应询问时间。故选A。
15.—When do you have geography?
—At 10:00 ________ Wednesday.
A.in B.on C.from D.for
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你们什么时候上地理课?——星期三上午10点。
考查介词辨析。in在,后接早中午、月份、季节等;on在,后接星期几,具体日期以及节日等;from从……;for为了。根据答句“At 10:00 ... Wednesday.”可知,横线后是“星期三”。故选B。
二、选词填空
16.The classroom building is (behind/at the back of) the sports field.
【答案】behind
【详解】句意:教学楼在运动场的后面。behind用于表示在物体外部的后方,而at the back of通常用于表示在某个物体内部的后方。分析题干可知,此处表示“教学楼在运动场外部的后方”,所以介词behind符合语境。故填behind。
17.The dining hall is (across from/between) the sports field.
【答案】across from
【详解】句意:餐厅在运动场的对面。结合“The dining hall is … the sports field.”和备选词汇可知,此处是指餐厅在运动场的对面;考查across from“在……对面”,介词短语。故填across from。
18.This week I sit (under/next to) my best friend, Han Lin.
【答案】next to
【详解】句意:这周我坐在我最好的朋友韩林旁边。结合“sit … my best friend”和备选词汇可知,此处是指坐在最好的朋友旁边;考查next to“在……旁边”,介词短语。故填next to。
19. There (have/are) many beautiful buildings.
【答案】are
【详解】句意:有许多美丽的建筑。根据“There … many beautiful buildings.”可知,此处考查there be句型,“many beautiful buildings”为复数,be动词应用are。故填are。
20.— is it now?
—It’s 2:00 p.m. (when/what time)
【答案】What time
【详解】句意:——现在几点了?——下午两点。根据“It’s 2:00 p.m.”可知询问具体时间,“What time is it now?”是询问钟表时刻的常用句型。故填What time。
提升题(测试时间:10分钟)
一、语法选择
(25-26七年级上·广东潮州·期中)My school is not big 1 beautiful. There is 2 garden with many flowers in the school. The flowers look very nice. 3 have different colours, like red, yellow and blue.
There is a teaching building next to the garden. There 4 fifteen classrooms in it. In each classroom, there is a 5 desk. We have lessons and 6 to the teachers in the classrooms every day. And there are also many other rooms in it—a music room, a reading room and a computer room. 7 the teaching building, there is a library. There are many kinds of books in the library, such as storybooks and science books. We can read them after class. 8 is the sports field? It’s behind the teaching building. We usually do morning 9 on the sports field on weekdays.
We are 10 to study and play there. I love my school. Welcome to my school!
1.A.and B.but C.or
2.A.a B.an C.the
3.A.Their B.Them C.They
4.A.am B.is C.are
5.A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers
6.A.listen B.listens C.listening
7.A.On front of B.In front of C.At the front of
8.A.Who B.What C.Where
9.A.exercise B.exercises C.exercising
10.A.happy B.happily C.happiness
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.A
【导语】本文描述了作者的学校。
1.句意:我的学校不大但是很漂亮。
and和;but但是;or或者。根据“not big...beautiful”可知,前后是转折关系,用but连接。故选B。
2.句意:学校里有一个有很多花的花园。
a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指。此处表示泛指一个花园,garden以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故选A。
3.句意:它们有不同的颜色,像红色、黄色和蓝色。
Their它们的,形容词性物主代词;Them它们,宾格;They它/她/他们,主格。根据“have different colours”可知,此处作主语,用主格they指代前文的flowers。故选C。
4.句意:里面有十五间教室。
am是,主语是I;is是,主语是第三人称单数;are是,主语是复数或第二人称。根据“fifteen classrooms”可知,主语是复数,be动词用are。故选C。
5.句意:在每个教室里,有一张讲桌。
teacher老师;teacher’s老师的;teachers老师们。根据“desk”可知,此处表示讲桌,用名词所有格teacher’s修饰desk。故选B。
6.句意:我们每天在教室里上课并听老师讲课。
listen听,动词原形;listens听,三单形式;listening听,动名词或现在分词。根据“have lessons and...to the teachers”可知,and连接并列谓语,have是原形,此处也用原形listen,listen to表示“听”。故选A。
7.句意:在教学楼前面,有一个图书馆。
On front of表述错误;In front of在……前面(外部);At the front of在……前面(内部)。根据“the teaching building, there is a library”可知,图书馆在教学楼外部前面,用In front of。故选B。
8.句意:运动场在哪里?
Who谁;What什么;Where哪里。根据“It’s behind the teaching building.”可知,问运动场在哪里,用where提问。故选C。
9.句意:我们通常在工作日在运动场上做早操。
exercise锻炼,名词或动词原形;exercises锻炼,名词复数或三单形式;exercising锻炼,动名词或现在分词。do morning exercises表示“做早操”,固定短语。故选B。
10.句意:我们在那里学习和玩耍很开心。
happy开心的,形容词;happily开心地,副词;happiness幸福,名词。根据“We are...to study and play there.”可知,此处作表语,用形容词happy。故选A。
二、完成句子
11.There are fifty classrooms in Jack’s school. (对划线部分提问)
classrooms in Jack’s school?
【答案】 How many are there
【详解】句意:杰克的学校有五十个教室。句中划线部分“fifty”表示数量,且“classrooms”为名词复数形式,应用how many作特殊疑问词,位于句首,首字母要大写;变疑问句时,应将句中be动词are置于there之前。故填How;many;are;there。
12.(25-26七年级上·重庆沙坪坝·期中)There is a blackboard in the classroom. (改为否定句)
There a blackboard in the classroom.
【答案】 is not
【详解】句意:教室里有一块黑板。此处为there be句型,变否定句时,直接在be动词is后加not。故填is;not。
13.There is a doll on the bed. (改为一般疑问句) a doll on the bed?
【答案】 Is there
【详解】句意:床上有一个洋娃娃。句子为there be句型,变为一般疑问句将be动词“is”提到there前面,开头首字母大写。故填Is;there。
14.(24-25七年级上·全国·期末)There are two maps on the desk.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
— two maps on the desk?
— , .
【答案】 Are there Yes there are
【详解】句意:桌子上有两张地图。本题考查there be句型变为一般疑问句及其否定回答。原句是陈述句,动词是are,因此变为一般疑问句时把are提至句首,首字母大写。肯定回答用Yes, there are。故填Are;there;Yes;there;are。
15我们学校对面有一个美丽的公园。放学后,我去那里观察鸟类。
There is a beautiful park our school. After school, I go there to watch birds.
【答案】opposite/across from
【详解】根据中英文提示可知,空格处表示“在……对面”,可用介词“opposite”或者介词短语“across from”表示。故填opposite/across from。
16.There are no pens on the teacher’s desk. (改为同义句)
There pens on the teacher’s desk.
【答案】 aren’t any
【详解】句意:老师的桌子上没有钢笔。“no + 可数名词复数”表示“没有某物”,其同义表达为“be动词否定形式 + any + 可数名词复数”。原句be动词为are,否定形式是aren’t,any用于否定句修饰可数名词复数,二者含义一致可互换。故填aren’t;any。
拓展题(测试时间:15分钟)
一、语法选择
(22-23七年级下·广东湛江·期中)My name is Mike Brown. I’m 1 English teacher. I usually get up at 6:10 2 the morning of weekdays. Then I brush 3 teeth and wash my face. After that, I get dressed. I 4 breakfast at 6:30. 5 breakfast, I watch the English news 6 half an hour, and then I walk to work. I usually get to school at 7:40. I have four classes every day. I get home at 6:00 in the afternoon.
My brother is a waiter(服务员). He 7 in a hotel (酒店). He usually gets up at a quarter(一刻钟) to seven in the morning. After 8 for 40 minutes, he takes a shower (淋浴) and has breakfast. It usually takes him twenty minutes 9 to the hotel by bus. He eats lunch at 12:00. In the afternoon, he goes home at 5:00. His job is easy. After dinner, he either watches TV 10 listens to music.
1.A.a B.an C.the
2.A.in B.at C.on
3.A.me B.my C.mine
4.A.eat B.to eat C.eats
5.A.After B.Before C.As
6.A.after B.for C.in
7.A.work B.worked C.works
8.A.exercising B.exercise C.to exercise
9.A.get B.gets C.to get
10.A.but B.or C.and
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B
【导语】本文以第一人称介绍了迈克·布朗和他弟弟的工作以及日常生活。
1.句意:我是一个英语老师。
a不定冠词,泛指,后接辅音音素开头的词;an不定冠词,泛指,后接元音音素开头的词;the定冠词,特指。泛指一个英语老师,且“English”以元音音素开头,用an。故选B。
2.句意:我通常在工作日早上6点10分起床。
in在某年、某月、某季节等;at在某一时刻;on在某一天或某天的早中晚。根据“the morning of weekdays”可知,是在工作日的早晨,用on。故选C。
3.句意:然后我刷牙洗脸。
me我,宾格代词;my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词。空处作定语修饰名词“teeth”,用形容词性物主代词。故选B。
4.句意:我6点半吃早餐。
eat吃,动词原形;to eat动词不定式;eats动词三单。空处作谓语,主语是I,动词用原形。故选A。
5.句意:吃完早餐后,我看半个小时的英语新闻,然后步行去上班。
After在……后;Before在……前;As当……时。根据“…I watch the English news”可知,早饭后看新闻。故选A。
6.句意:吃完早餐后,我看半个小时的英语新闻,然后步行去上班。
after在……后;for持续(一段时间);in在……里。空后是一段时间,表示看新闻的时长,介词用for。故选B。
7.句意:他在酒店工作。
work工作,动词原形;worked动词过去式;works动词三单。句子是一般现在时,主语是he,谓语动词用三单形式。故选C。
8.句意:锻炼了40分钟后,他洗个澡,然后吃早餐。
exercising锻炼,动名词/现在分词;exercise动词原形;to exercise动词不定式。句中after是介词,后接动名词作宾语。故选A。
9.句意:他坐公共汽车到酒店通常需要二十分钟。
get到达,动词原形;gets动词三单;to get动词不定式。根据“It usually takes him twenty minutes…”可知,it是形式主语,需用不定式作真正的主语,构成句式:It takes sb some time to do sth。故选C。
10.句意:晚饭后,他要么看电视,要么听音乐。
but但是;or或者;and并且。either…or…“或者……或者……”,固定搭配。故选B。
二、短文填空
(25-26七年级上·湖南常德·期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个单词)。
Hello! I’m Diana. Welcome to our school. It is 11 (real) new and big.
There are five 12 (building) in it: a library, a classroom building, a gym, a dining hall and 13 office building. In the middle of our school, you can see the big playground and we often spend time 14 (play) there. On the left of the playground is a library 15 many books in it. Behind it is our classroom building. Our classroom is in it. There 16 (be) a television, forty desks and thirty-nine chairs. A computer is on the 17 (teacher) desk. Our classroom is not big 18 very nice. The woman standing there is our English teacher. 19 (she) name is Gao Hui. She is 20 (friend) to the students. We all love her!
【答案】
11.really 12.buildings 13.an 14.playing 15.with 16.is 17.teacher’s 18.but 19.Her 20.friendly
【导语】本文主要介绍了Diana的学校布局和教室设施,以及她的英语老师。
11.句意:它真的又新又大。空处修饰形容词“new”和“big”,需用副词形式。故填really。
12.句意:里面有五座建筑:一座图书馆、一座教室楼、一座体育馆、一座餐厅以及一座办公楼。根据“five”可知,空处用名词复数形式。故填buildings。
13.句意:里面有五座建筑:一座图书馆、一座教室楼、一座体育馆、一座餐厅以及一座办公楼。此处泛指一座办公楼,且office是元音音素开头的单词,用an修饰。故填an。
14.句意:在我们学校的中间,你可以看到一个大操场,我们经常在那里玩耍。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”,空处用动名词形式。故填playing。
15.句意:操场左边是一个有很多书的图书馆。根据“a library ... many books in it”可知,此处是表示有很多书的图书馆,用介词with“具有”,表示伴随。故填with。
16.句意:有一台电视、四十张桌子和三十九把椅子。全文时态是一般现在时,且句子是there be结构,be的形式需遵循“就近原则”,就近的主语a television是单数,be用is。故填is。
17.句意:老师的桌子上有一台电脑。空处修饰名词desk,用名词所有格。故填teacher’s。
18.句意:我们的教室不大但很漂亮。空前后句是转折关系,用but连接。故填but。
19.句意:她的名字是高慧。空处修饰名词name,用形容词性物主代词her“她的”,且句首单词首字母大写。故填Her。
20.句意:她对学生们很友好。be friendly to“对……很友好”,空处填形容词作表语。故填friendly。
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专题03方位介词、there be句型、 时间表达法
(期末复习讲义)
单元
语法点
常考题型
命题趋势
Unit 3
Unit4
方位介词
连词and,but,because
There be 句型
单项选择
语法选择
语法填空
补全对话等
1.注重素养:更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。
2.情境化突出:借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境,将语法考察与实际生活相结合。
3.文化传承与价值导向明显:注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。
知识点01 方位介词
1、 语法概述:
方位介词表示人或事物在空间中的位置关系、方向或运动趋向的介词。
1.It’s in front of the art building.
2.It is behind the classroom building.
3.The dining hall is across from the sports field.
二、方位介词知识点表格
介词/短语
含义
示例
易混辨析
on
在...表面(接触)
The cup is on the table.
与 over/above 区别:接触表面
over
在正上方(不接触)
A bridge is over the river.
与 under 相对
above
在斜上方(不接触)
The plane flew above the clouds.
与 below 相对
in
在...内部
The cat is in the box.
表范围:She is in her class.
under
在正下方(不接触)
Shoes are under the bed.
与 over 相对
below
在下方(非正下方)
Temperatures are below zero.
与 above 相对
behind
在...后面
The car is behind the house.
next to
紧挨着
The school is next to the park.
between
在两者之间
Sit between Lucy and Lily.
两者之间
among
在三者及以上之间
A flower among the rocks.
多者之间
outside
在...外面
Wait outside the room.
与 inside 相对
near
在...附近
He lives near the station.
与 far 相对
in front of
在...外部的前面
A tree in front of the building.
物体外部的前方
in the front of
在...内部的前部
The driver sits in the front of the car.
物体内部的前端
around
围绕/在...周围
Flowers grow around the house.
at
在(地点/时间点)
Meet at the door.
Start at 9:00.
用于小地点或精确时间
易|错|点|拨
1、 介词或介词短语与名词之间一般会有定冠词the
❌The school is next to park.. → ✅ The school is next to the park.
2、 介词或介词短语与名词之间一般又定冠词the,但当名词前有your, my或her等形容词性物主代词时,介词与名词之间不再加the
❌ There is a shop next to our the school. → ✅ There is a shop next to our school.
【即时检测】
1.—Where are Dale's basketballs? —They're ____ the desk, ____ the floor.
A.on; under B.on; on C.under; under D.under; on
2.Lily is in front of Sam, so Sam is ____ Lily.
A.in front of B.next to C.on the left of D.behind
知识点02 there be句型
1、 语法概述
There be 结构表示“某地或某时有某人或某物”,其中there没有实际意义,be动词的单复数要与其后的名词保持一致。
2、 核心知识点
知识点
结构/规则
示例
注意事项
基本含义
表示“某处有某物/人”
There is a cat under the table.
区别于 have/has(某人拥有)
主谓一致
主语决定 be 动词单复数
There is water.(不可数)
There are apples.(可数复数)
不可数名词用 is
就近原则
be 动词由最近的主语决定
There is a pen and two books.(最近主语 a pen 单数)
考试重点!
肯定句
There + be + 主语 + 地点
There are birds in the tree.
否定句
There + be + not + 主语 + 地点(some → any)
There isn't any milk.
There aren't students.
some 在否定/疑问句中变 any
一般疑问句
Be + there + 主语 + 地点?
(some → any)
Is there a park nearby?
Are there any eggs?
特殊疑问句
- 问主语:What/Who + be + there + 地点?
- 问地点:Where + be + 主语?
- 问数量:How many/How much + 主语 + be + there?
What is there?(回答:A book.)
Where is the book?
How many books are there?
问主语时 be 动词常用单数
【巧学妙记】there be 结构的用法
there be 结构有特点,主语跟在be后面;
单数、不可数用is, 复数用are要记全;
多个主语来并列,“就近原则”记心间;
否定be后not添,疑问就把be提前。
易|错|点|拨
1. there be 结构中的be动词要和其后的名词在数上保持一致,且遵循就近原则。
❌There are a pen and two books. → ✅ There is a pen and two books.
❌There is two books ane a pen.→ ✅ There are two books ane a pen
2. There be 结构不可与have/has同时使用。
❌There has a cat under the tree. → ✅ There is a cat under the tree.
【即时检测】
1. There ____some milk in the bottles, and the bottles____ white.
A.is; are B.is; is C.are; are D.are; is
2.—____there any banks near here?
—No, but there____a bank on Center Street.
A.Are; is B.Is; are C.Is;is D.Are; are
知识点03 时间表达法
1. 询问时间
常用what time和when来提问:
· What time:通常询问具体的时间点(几点几分),回答通常用at + 具体时间。
— What time does the movie start? (电影几点开始?)
— At 7:00 p.m. (晚上七点。)
· When:询问的时间范围更广,可以问年、月、日或大致时间。
— When is your birthday? (你的生日是什么时候?)
— On September 5th. (在九月五号。)
— When do you usually do your homework? (你通常什么时候做作业?)
— In the evening. (在晚上。)
2. 表达时间
①整点表达:
· 数字 + (o'clock),o'clock可以省略。例如:seven (o'clock) (七点)。
②非整点表达:
· 顺读法(直接读法):小时 + 分钟(直接按数字读)。
6:20 → six twenty
10:52 → ten fifty-two
· 逆读法(借助past/to):
分钟 ≤ 30:分钟 + past + 小时(几点过几分)
7:15 → a quarter past seven (七点一刻)
3:25 → twenty-five past three (三点二十五)
分钟 = 30:half past + 小时(几点半)
9:30 → half past nine (九点半)
分钟 > 30:(60 - 原分钟数) + to + (原小时数 + 1)(差几分到几点)
11:35 → twenty-five to twelve (十一点三十五,差二十五分到十二点)
5:50 → ten to six (五点五十,差十分到六点)
5:45 → a quarter to six (五点四十五,差一刻到六点)
易|错|点|拨
1.时间介词的区分:强调at、on、in在不同时间表达前的用法区别。
at + 具体钟点 (at six o'clock)
on + 具体某天 (on Monday, on Sunday morning)
in + 较长时段 (in September, in the morning)
2.When 与 What time 的区分:虽然有时可互换,但What time问的是具体钟点,回答通常精确到几点几分;When问的时间范围更广,回答可以是具体某天、某段时间甚至更模糊的时间。
3.逆读法中的时间转换:使用to时,学生容易在“小时数加1”上出错,需要重点讲解和练习
7:45:❌a quarter to seven→ ✅ a quarter to eight
【即时检测】
1.Children's Day is _________ June.
A.in B.on C.for
2.My birthday is on September 10th. (对划线部分提问) your birthday?
基础题(测试时间:10分钟)
一、单项选择
1.(24-25七年级上·北京·期中)________ a lot of people at the concert last night.
A.There are B.There were C.There is
2.(25-26七年级上·福建泉州·期中)—What’s in the bag?
—________ five apples.
A.They are B.These are C.There are
3.(24-25七年级上·广西南宁·阶段练习)—There ________a new library in our city next year.
—Really? I can’t wait to see it.
A.are B.will have C.will be
4.—A photo ________ Mount Tai is ________ the wall.
—Wow, it’s so beautiful.
A.of; in B.of; on C.under; on D.under; of
5.—Do you mean the new library is opposite our school?
—Yes. It’s ________ our school.
A.across from B.among C.through D.over
6.Sandy sits in front of Amy, but behind Simon. So Sandy sits ________ Amy ________ Simon.
A.next; to B.next to; beside C.between; and D.from; to
7.(24-25七年级上·黑龙江绥化·期末)There ________ a small bowl of porridge and an egg on the table.
A.has B.is C.are
8.(24-25七年级上·吉林长春·阶段练习)________ 20 girls in my class, and I ________ two good friends of them.
A.There have; are B.There have; have C.There is; are D.There are; have
9.—Where is the school dining hall?
—It’s over there, ________ the library and the supermarket.
A.between B.next C.in D.across
10.Our school is ________ Zhongshan Road.
A.of B.on C.from D.at
11.—Hi, Zhang Dan. ______ is your birthday?
—My birthday is on 2nd May.
A.What B.Why C.When D.Where
12.China’s women’s table tennis team won the championship at the ITTF World Team Table Tennis Championships Finals ______ 24 February, 2024.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
13.(24-25七年级上·全国·课后作业)—________ is your party?
—Next Sunday.
A.Why B.Where C.What D.When
14.—________ does your school begin?
—My school begins at 8:00.
A.What time B.What colour C.How old D.How many
15.—When do you have geography?
—At 10:00 ________ Wednesday.
A.in B.on C.from D.for
二、选词填空
16.The classroom building is (behind/at the back of) the sports field.
17.The dining hall is (across from/between) the sports field.
18.This week I sit (under/next to) my best friend, Han Lin.
19.There (have/are) many beautiful buildings.
20.— is it now? —It’s 2:00 p.m. (when/what time)
提升题(测试时间:10分钟)
一、语法选择
(25-26七年级上·广东潮州·期中)My school is not big 1 beautiful. There is 2 garden with many flowers in the school. The flowers look very nice. 3 have different colours, like red, yellow and blue.
There is a teaching building next to the garden. There 4 fifteen classrooms in it. In each classroom, there is a 5 desk. We have lessons and 6 to the teachers in the classrooms every day. And there are also many other rooms in it—a music room, a reading room and a computer room. 7 the teaching building, there is a library. There are many kinds of books in the library, such as storybooks and science books. We can read them after class. 8 is the sports field? It’s behind the teaching building. We usually do morning 9 on the sports field on weekdays.
We are 10 to study and play there. I love my school. Welcome to my school!
1.A.and B.but C.or
2.A.a B.an C.the
3.A.Their B.Them C.They
4.A.am B.is C.are
5.A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers
6.A.listen B.listens C.listening
7.A.On front of B.In front of C.At the front of
8.A.Who B.What C.Where
9.A.exercise B.exercises C.exercising
10.A.happy B.happily C.happiness
二、完成句子
11.There are fifty classrooms in Jack’s school. (对划线部分提问)
classrooms in Jack’s school?
12.(25-26七年级上·重庆沙坪坝·期中)There is a blackboard in the classroom. (改为否定句)
There a blackboard in the classroom.
13.There is a doll on the bed. (改为一般疑问句) a doll on the bed?
14.(24-25七年级上·全国·期末)There are two maps on the desk.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
— two maps on the desk?
— , .
15我们学校对面有一个美丽的公园。放学后,我去那里观察鸟类。
There is a beautiful park our school. After school, I go there to watch birds.
16.There are no pens on the teacher’s desk. (改为同义句)
There pens on the teacher’s desk.
拓展题(测试时间:15分钟)
一、语法选择
(22-23七年级下·广东湛江·期中)My name is Mike Brown. I’m 1 English teacher. I usually get up at 6:10 2 the morning of weekdays. Then I brush 3 teeth and wash my face. After that, I get dressed. I 4 breakfast at 6:30. 5 breakfast, I watch the English news 6 half an hour, and then I walk to work. I usually get to school at 7:40. I have four classes every day. I get home at 6:00 in the afternoon.
My brother is a waiter(服务员). He 7 in a hotel (酒店). He usually gets up at a quarter(一刻钟) to seven in the morning. After 8 for 40 minutes, he takes a shower (淋浴) and has breakfast. It usually takes him twenty minutes 9 to the hotel by bus. He eats lunch at 12:00. In the afternoon, he goes home at 5:00. His job is easy. After dinner, he either watches TV 10 listens to music.
1.A.a B.an C.the
2.A.in B.at C.on
3.A.me B.my C.mine
4.A.eat B.to eat C.eats
5.A.After B.Before C.As
6.A.after B.for C.in
7.A.work B.worked C.works
8.A.exercising B.exercise C.to exercise
9.A.get B.gets C.to get
10.A.but B.or C.and
二、短文填空
(25-26七年级上·湖南常德·期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个单词)。
Hello! I’m Diana. Welcome to our school. It is 11 (real) new and big.
There are five 12 (building) in it: a library, a classroom building, a gym, a dining hall and 13 office building. In the middle of our school, you can see the big playground and we often spend time 14 (play) there. On the left of the playground is a library 15 many books in it. Behind it is our classroom building. Our classroom is in it. There 16 (be) a television, forty desks and thirty-nine chairs. A computer is on the 17 (teacher) desk. Our classroom is not big 18 very nice. The woman standing there is our English teacher. 19 (she) name is Gao Hui. She is 20 (friend) to the students. We all love her!
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