专题05 -ing 形式（作主语、宾语、表语、复杂 -ing 形式）（期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期沪外版

该高中英语期末复习讲义围绕-ing形式语法模块，通过核心结构框架图与句法功能表格系统构建知识体系，梳理了基本形式（一般式、完成式等）及复杂形式（被动式、复合结构等）的内在联系，并用对比表格呈现-ing与不定式、过去分词的易混点，突出高频动词搭配、时态语态判断等重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于分层递进的练习设计，基础通关侧重单句语法填空，重难突破融入高考真题改编的语篇填空与翻译题，如“忽视细节往往会导致严重的错误”翻译练习，结合口诀记忆法强化动词搭配，助力学生提升语言运用能力与逻辑思维品质。资料包含易错点提醒与即时检测，既支持学生自主查漏补缺，也为教师实施分层教学提供精准依据。

专题05 -ing 形式（作主语、宾语、表语、复杂 -ing 形式）（期末复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 1. 掌握-ing形式作主语、宾语、表语的基础用法； 2. 熟练运用复杂-ing形式（完成式、否定式、被动式、复合结构）；3. 区分-ing形式与不定式、过去分词的用法差异； 4. 结合语境解决高频动词/短语的搭配问题。 语法填空题 单项选择题 语篇填空题 【2023上海秋考】King Mosi continued , “Just as you cannot tell me the number of seeds in the baobab fruit ,you cannot prove ( 25 )__________this land belongs to. His story is a reminder of ( 29 )_______wisdom can bring( 30 )_______ peace and harmony. 【答案】 25.who/whom 29.how 【2023上海春考】Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】 28. it 【2022年秋考】 An entrepreneur can determine (26) __________ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. 【答案】26.what 【2022年春考】People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen . But (30)_______do see it say that they will never forget it. 【答案】29.that 30.whoever 考情分析： ·1. 期末考察侧重综合性，多结合语境考查-ing形式的语法功能与动词搭配，复杂-ing形式（被动式、完成式）为期中至期末重点； 3. 高频考点：介词后接-ing、固定动词搭配、主动表被动（need/require/want + -ing）、复合结构逻辑主语； 4. 3. 易错点集中在：-ing与不定式作宾语的含义差异、复杂-ing形式的时态语态判断、复合结构的所有格用法。 复习目标： 1.熟练掌握 - ing 形式的核心结构（一般式 / 完成式 / 被动式 / 否定式）及五大句法功能的核心用法。 2.精准区分 - ing 形式与过去分词、不定式的用法边界，突破易混点。 3.能在语法填空、单选、写作中灵活运用，应对语境化、综合性题目。规避典型错误，提升 - ing 形式运用的准确性和规范性。 核心结构 基本形式 (1)一般式主动： Doing homework is necessary.（做作业是必要的） (2)一般式被动： Being invited to the party made her happy.（被邀请参加派对让她开心） (3)完成式主动：Having finished the task, he left early.（完成任务后，他早早离开了） (4)完成式被动：Having been praised by the teacher, she worked harder.（被老师表扬后，她更努力了） (5)否定式：Not knowing the answer, he kept silent.（不知道答案，他保持沉默） 关键注意 完成式强调动作发生在主句动作之前，一般式无先后顺序。 被动式仅用于 - ing 形式与逻辑主语为被动关系时。 句法功能 知识点01 作主语 1.定义:-ing 形式置于句首（或用 it 作形式主语），表示经常性、习惯性的抽象动作。 2.核心用法 直接作主语：谓语动词用单数。 例句：Walking through the ancient forest is an unforgettable experience.（穿越古森林是一次难忘的经历。） 3.it 作形式主语（避免头重脚轻），常用句型： It’s no use/good doing...（做…… 没用 / 没好处） It’s a waste of time doing...（做…… 是浪费时间） It’s worthwhile doing...（做…… 值得） 例句：It’s no use arguing with him; he is too stubborn.（和他争论没用，他太固执了。） 4.复合结构：形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格 + -ing。 例句：His being late again made his teacher very angry.（他再次迟到让老师很生气。） 易错点 5.与不定式作主语的区别：不定式表具体、一次性动作，-ing 表抽象、习惯性动作。 对比： Delivering newspapers is his job.（动名词，表职业习惯）/ To deliver newspapers is his task today.（不定式，表今日具体任务） 知识点02 作宾语 1.定义:-ing 形式充当及物动词或介词的宾语，是高考高频考点。 2.核心用法 (1)接 - ing 作宾语的高频动词（口诀记忆）： 喜欢考虑要想象（enjoy, consider, imagine/fancy） 介意冒险可避免（mind, risk, avoid） 允许承认不喜欢（allow, admit, dislike） 欣赏错过可理解（appreciate, miss, understand） 主张完成不拖延（advocate, finish, delay/postpone） 建议坚持勤练习（suggest, keep, practice） 反对逃避不放弃（oppose, escape, quit） 例句：She avoided meeting him by taking another route.（她换了条路避免见到他。） (2)接 - ing 作宾语的高频短语（介词后必用 - ing）： insist on（坚持）、look forward to（盼望）、devote...to（致力于） lead to（导致）、contribute to（有助于）、be used to（习惯于） 例句：He devotes his time to helping the poor.（他把时间用于帮助穷人。） (3)介词省略的固定结构： spend...(in) doing（花费…… 做）、have difficulty/trouble (in) doing（做…… 有困难） prevent/stop...(from) doing（阻止…… 做）、be busy (in) doing（忙于做） 例句：We had no trouble finding the way to the park.（我们毫不费力找到了去公园的路。） (4)形式宾语结构：主语 + think/find/make + it + 形容词 + -ing。 例句：I find it useless arguing about the problem.（我觉得争论这个问题没用。） 易错点 动词 doing（表已发生 / 习惯性） to do（表未发生 / 具体） remember 记得做过 记得要做 regret 后悔做了 遗憾要做 try 尝试做 尽力做 stop 停止做某事 停下来去做另一件事 need/require/want 表 “需要” 时，接 - ing（主动表被动）= to be done。 例句：The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned.（房间需要打扫。） 知识点03 作表语 1. 定义:-ing 形式置于系动词（be, get, become, look 等）后，说明主语的内容或性质。 2. 核心用法 (1)动名词作表语：表主语的内容，与主语可互换。 例句：Her job is keeping the lecture hall clean.（= Keeping the lecture hall clean is her job.）（她的工作是保持报告厅干净。） (2)现在分词作表语：表主语的性质、特征，意为 “令人…… 的”，修饰物。 例句：The journey across the mountains was spectacular.（穿越山脉的旅程令人惊叹。） (3)易错点 与进行时态的区别：进行时态表 “动作正在进行”，现在分词作表语表 “主语特征”。 对比：They are repairing the bridge.（进行时，表动作）/ The problem is puzzling.（表语，表特征） 知识点04 作定语 1.定义：-ing 形式修饰名词，置于名词前或后，说明名词的功能、特征或动作状态。 2.核心用法 (1)动名词作定语：表名词的功能、用途，置于名词前。 例句：a reading room（阅览室）、a swimming pool（游泳池） (2)现在分词作定语：表名词的动作（主动 / 正在进行），可转化为定语从句。 前置：a smiling girl（微笑的女孩）、an exciting film（令人兴奋的电影） 后置：The boy playing football is my brother.（= The boy who is playing football is my brother.）（踢足球的男孩是我弟弟。） (3)易错点 与过去分词作定语的区别：-ing 表 “主动 / 进行”，过去分词表 “被动 / 完成”。 对比：a developing country（发展中国家，主动进行）/a developed country（发达国家，被动完成） 知识点05 作状语 1.定义：-ing 形式修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随等，逻辑主语需与句子主语一致。 2.核心用法 (1)表时间（相当于 when/while 从句）： 例句：Walking in the park, you will be amused by the scenery.（= When you are walking in the park...）（在公园散步时，你会被景色逗乐。） (2)表原因（相当于 as/because 从句）： 例句： Being ill, he couldn’t attend the meeting.（= As he was ill...）（因为生病，他不能参加会议。） (3)表条件（相当于 if 从句）： 例句：Working hard, you’ll make great progress.（= If you work hard...）（努力学习，你会取得很大进步。） (4)表结果（顺其自然的结果，置于句末）： 例句：The factory released waste water, polluting the river.（工厂排放废水，污染了河流。） (5)表伴随（与谓语动作同时发生）： 例句：She sat by the window, reading a novel.（她坐在窗边读小说。） 易错点 逻辑主语不一致错误：避免出现 “Looking out of the window, the park is beautiful.”（应改为 “Looking out of the window, we found the park beautiful.”） 复杂-ing形式 知识点01 定义 包括完成式、否定式、被动式及复合结构的进阶形式，侧重动作的时间先后、被动关系或逻辑主语。 知识点02 核心用法 1.完成式（having done/having been done）： 含义：强调动作先于谓语动词发生。 2.主动式（having done）：例句：Having survived the earthquake, she cherished every moment.（经历过地震后，她珍惜每一刻。） 3.被动式（having been done）：例句：Having been praised for his charity work, he continued to help others.（因慈善工作受表扬后，他继续助人。） 4.否定式（not doing/not having done）： 否定词“not”置于-ing形式前，复合结构中置于逻辑主语与-ing之间。 例句：Not knowing how to escape the fire, he called for help.（不知道如何逃离火灾，他大喊求救。）/ Not having received the evacuation notice, some residents stayed at home.（未收到疏散通知，部分居民留在家中。） 5.被动式（being done）： 含义：表动作被动且与谓语动词同时发生。 作主语： Being trapped in disasters is a terrible experience.（被困在灾难中是可怕的经历。） 作宾语：He didn’t mind being assigned to the charity project.（他不介意被分配到慈善项目中。） 作定语：The building being repaired is a disaster shelter.（正在修缮的建筑是避难所。） 6.复合结构（sb.’s doing/sb. doing）： 作主语：多用“sb.’s doing”，例句：His donating a large sum of money surprised everyone.（他捐赠巨款让所有人意外。） 作宾语：可接“sb.’s doing”或“sb. doing”，例句：I appreciate your/you organizing the disaster drill.（我感谢你组织防灾演练。） 注｜意｜事｜项 1.逻辑主语不一致：作状语时，-ing 形式逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致，否则用独立主格。 错误：Seeing the accident, his face turned pale.→正确：Seeing the accident, he turned pale. 2.介词 to 后误用不定式：部分短语中 to 是介词，后接 - ing 形式。 错误：He devoted himself to help the poor.→正确：He devoted himself to helping the poor. 3.完成式滥用：无明显先后顺序时，不用完成式。 错误：Having walked in the street, he met his teacher.→正确：Walking in the street, he met his teacher. 【即时检测】 选择题 1. ______ in the countryside for years has made her deeply understand the value of hard work. A. Live B. Living C. Having lived D. To live 2. The manager suggested ______ the meeting till next week, but most employees objected to ______ the plan. A. putting off; changing B. put off; change C. to put off; changing D. putting off; change 3. What makes the film so moving is the way the characters stick to their dreams—their perseverance is really ______. A. inspiring B. inspired C. inspire D. to inspire 4. The novel ______ by many teenagers recently deals with the theme of friendship and courage. A. being read B. reading C. to read D. read 5. ______ the heavy rain, we still decided to go hiking, but soon we regretted not ______ the weather forecast. A. Despite; checking B. Though; to check C. In spite of; check D. Although; checking 6. It is a waste of time ______ about things we can’t change—we should focus on ______ what we can do now. A. worrying; improving B. to worry; improve C. worry; improving D. worrying; improve 7. He is used to ______ early in the morning, but his sister is still not used to ______ in such a cold climate. A. get up; live B. getting up; living C. get up; living D. getting up; live 8. The most challenging part of the project is ______ all team members’ ideas into a practical plan—communication is key. A. combine B. combining C. combined D. to combining 9. Do you know the scientist ______ for his research on renewable energy at the international conference yesterday? A. honoring B. to honor C. being honored D. honored 10. ______ the task ahead of schedule, they decided to take a short break, but ______ by the sudden phone call, they had to start working again. A. Finishing; interrupting B. Having finished; interrupted C. Finished; being interrupted D. Having finished; being interrupted 11. ______ his carelessness led to the failure of the experiment is a fact no one can deny—we should avoid ______ the same mistake. A. That; making B. What; to make C. Which; making D. Whether; to make 12. She regretted ______ her parents’ advice to study abroad—now she misses ______ the chance to improve her foreign language. A. to ignore; to get B. ignoring; getting C. ignoring; to get D. to ignore; getting 13. The reason why he feels so frustrated is not ______ the exam but ______ he didn’t prepare well enough. A. failing; that B. to fail; because C. fail; that D. failing; because 14. The building ______ now will be a modern library, which is expected to be open to the public next year. A. being constructed B. constructing C. to construct D. constructed 15. ______ not to disturb others, he walked quietly through the corridor, ______ his phone on silent mode. A. Reminding; putting B. Reminded; putting C. Reminded; to put D. Reminding; to put 16. ______ by the beautiful scenery, they couldn’t help ______ photos all the way during the trip. A. Attracting; taking B. Attracted; to take C. Attracted; taking D. Attracting; to take 17. My parents don’t mind my ______ late occasionally, but they insist on my ______ them know in advance. A. staying up; letting B. stay up; let C. to stay up; letting D. staying up; to let 18. What surprises us most is his ______ the difficult task in such a short time—his efficiency is truly ______. A. finishing; amazing B. to finish; amazed C. finish; amazing D. finishing; amazed 19. The students ______ in the experiment are required to submit a report about their findings next Monday. A. participating B. participated C. to participate D. having participated 20. ______ that he had wasted too much time, he decided to devote himself to ______ his lessons without any distraction. A. Realizing; improving B. To realize; improve C. Realized; improving D. Realizing; improve 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1. ______ (analyze) the data carefully is essential for the research report. 2. She apologized for ______ (neglect) her duties during the team project. 3. The ______ (approach) deadline made all students work harder. 4. ______ (not grasp) the key concepts, many students struggled with the exam. 5. His main responsibility is ______ (supervise) the daily operations of the club. 6. The experts insisted on ______ (conduct) a thorough investigation before making a decision. 7. ______ (accomplish) the challenging task, they celebrated with a small party. 8. The library ______ (decorate) now will reopen to the public next month. 9. It’s no use ______ (argue) with someone who refuses to listen to reason. 10. ______ (elect) as the monitor, she promised to serve the class wholeheartedly. 二、单项选择 1. ______ excessive screen time will have a negative impact on teenagers’ eyesight.（ ） A. Spend B. Spending C. To spend D. Spent 2. The scientist is devoted to ______ new energy sources to replace fossil fuels.（ ） A. develop B. developing C. to develop D. developed 3. The ______ result of the experiment surprised all the researchers, who were ______ by the unexpected findings.（ ） A. astonishing; astonished B. astonished; astonishing C. astonishing; astonishing D. astonished; astonished 4. The professor ______ at the meeting now has published dozens of academic papers.（ ） A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. spoken 5. ______ regularly, you will gradually build up your physical strength.（ ） A. Exercise B. Exercising C. To exercise D. Exercised 6. He suggested ______ a workshop to discuss how to improve team cooperation.（ ） A. organize B. organizing C. to organize D. organized 7. ______ all the preparations for the conference, they felt a sense of relief.（ ） A. Complete B. Completing C. To complete D. Having completed 8. The book ______ by the famous author has been translated into more than 20 languages.（ ） A. writing B. written C. to write D. write 9. It’s worthwhile ______ the historical site, as it offers valuable insights into ancient civilizations.（ ） A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 10. She dedicated all her spare time to ______ disabled children with their studies.（ ） A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1. ______ (not receive) any response from the company for weeks, he sent a follow-up email. 2. The ______ (remain) tickets for the concert will be sold at a discounted price tomorrow 7. 8.The rescuer was praised for ______ (rescue) the trapped villagers in the flood. 4. ______ (provide) with proper training, the new employees can adapt to their jobs quickly.5. The woman ______ (consult) with the doctor is our math teacher.6. ______ (wander) in the ancient town, we admired the traditional architecture and local customs.7. She is looking forward to ______ (invite) to the international youth summit.8. ______ (study) abroad for 3 years, he has a deep understanding of cross-cultural communication.9. The seminar ______ (hold) next Friday will focus on environmental protection strategies.10. There’s no point ______ (complain) about the traffic jam; we’d better find an alternative route.二、单项选择（10 小题） 1. ______ from the top of the mountain, the city skyline presents a magnificent view at dusk.（ ） A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. See 2. He regretted ______ his original plan, as the new approach turned out to be a failure.（ ） A. change B. changing C. to change D. changed 3. ______ late for the interview, he missed a valuable opportunity to get the job.（ ） A. Arrive B. Arriving C. To arrive D. Arrived 4. The issue ______ at the committee meeting now is related to students’ mental health.（ ） A. discussing B. being discussed C. to discuss D. discussed 5. She spent three months ______ a research paper on the influence of social media on teenagers.（ ） A. write B. writing C. to write D. written 6. ______ the scholarship, she has been studying day and night to improve her academic performance.（ ） A. Win B. Winning C. To win D. Won 7. Having ______ the difficult task ahead of schedule, the team was highly praised by the manager.（ ） A. complete B. completing C. completed D. to complete 8. The ______ speech delivered by the professor inspired many students to pursue their dreams bravely.（ ） A. inspire B. inspiring C. inspired D. to inspire 9. He dreams of ______ a renowned scholar who can make contributions to scientific research.（ ） A. become B. becoming C. to become D. became 10. ______ in the heavy snowstorm, the travelers had to take shelter in an abandoned cabin.（ ） A. Caught B. Catching C. To catch D. Catch 3、 翻译句子 1.他坚持每天练习口语并最终提高了成绩，这让老师很欣慰。 2.忽视细节往往会导致严重的错误，这是我们必须牢记的。 3.无论是学习还是工作，保持积极的心态都至关重要。 4.除了完成老师布置的任务，他还主动帮忙整理实验室器材。 5.她承认自己在项目中犯了错误，并承诺会尽快想出解决问题的办法。 6.这个老旧的图书馆需要彻底修缮，否则无法满足师生的阅读需求。 7.最令人沮丧的是，他总是逃避面对自己的缺点和不足。 8.她的日常工作就是跟踪项目进度并协调各部门之间的合作。 9.由于之前未被给予足够的指导，她在第一次独立完成实验时遇到了很多困难。 10.意识到自己误解了朋友的意思后，他立即发消息向朋友道歉。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择 1. Which sentence is correct?（ ） A. Watching the documentary, tears filled her eyes. B. She is looking forward to attend the international conference. C. Having prepared fully, she performed well in the competition. D. The article writing by the journalist won the first prize. 2. Which sentence uses -ing form correctly?（ ） A. The student is interested in play the piano in his spare time. B. It’s no good to blame others for your own mistakes. C. Wandering in the park, we enjoyed the beautiful flowers and fresh air. D. He devoted himself to help the poor in remote areas. 3. ______ the final exam, he went out to relax with his friends.（ ） A. Finish B. Finishing C. To finish D. Having finished 4. The ______ audience cheered loudly when the performer finished the wonderful show.（ ） A. excite B. exciting C. excited D. to excite 5. ______ from his appearance, he must be an experienced traveler.（ ） A. Judge B. Judging C. To judge D. Judged 6. She regretted ______ her friend’s secret to others, which damaged their friendship.（ ） A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. told 7. The bridge ______ now will connect the two cities and promote economic development.（ ） A. build B. building C. being built D. built 8. ______ more attention, the problem could have been solved earlier.（ ） A. Give B. Giving C. To give D. Given 9. He spent a lot of time ______ historical records to find evidence for his research.（ ） A. consult B. consulting C. to consult D. consulted 10. Which sentence is wrong?（ ） A. Practicing speaking English every day is the key to improvement. B. She is afraid of flying alone at night. C. To learn is to grow. D. They are busy to prepare for the upcoming sports meeting. 二、改错（10 小题） 1. Not know how to deal with the emergency, she turned to her teacher for help.（ ） 2. The manager suggested to postpone the meeting until next week.（ ） 3. The performance was so excited that all the audience stood up and applauded.（ ） 4. Having finish the course, he obtained a certificate from the training center.（ ） 5. We are looking forward to see the new exhibition at the art gallery.（ ） 6. The girl is talking with our teacher is the winner of the English competition.（ ） 7. Walk along the street, we noticed many interesting shops and cafes.（ ） 8. It’s no use to argue with him because he is too stubborn to listen.（ ） 9. She devoted all her efforts to improve her academic performance.（ ） 10. The novel is worth to read because it reflects the social reality of that era.（ ） 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、语法填空 1.（2024・新课标 II 卷改编）______ (explore) the unknown ancient ruins requires courage and careful preparation. 2.（2023・全国乙卷改编）She avoided ______ (mention) the sensitive topic to avoid offending others. 3.（2022・浙江卷改编）The ______ (fall) leaves in autumn create a beautiful scene in the park. 4.（2024・北京卷改编）______ (not have) enough experience, he faced many difficulties in his first job. 5.（2023・北京卷改编）Her main task is ______ (coordinate) the team’s work and ensure efficiency. 6.（2022・天津卷改编）They succeeded in ______ (develop) a new type of material that is environmentally friendly. 7.（2024・浙江卷改编）The exhibition ______ (show) now at the museum has attracted thousands of visitors. 8.（2023・天津卷改编）______ (study) English literature for 5 years, she has a profound understanding of classic works. 9.（2022・新课标 I 卷改编）It’s no use ______ (persuade) him to change his mind; he is determined to follow his own path. 10.（2024・天津卷改编）He is looking forward to ______ (invite) to the academic forum held by the university. 二、单项选择（5 小题，近 3 年真题改编） 11.（2023・新课标 II 卷改编）______ from the perspective of history, this event has far-reaching significance.（ ） A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. See 12.（2024・北京卷改编）He regretted ______ the opportunity to study abroad, as it was a rare chance to broaden his horizons.（ ） A. miss B. missing C. to miss D. missed 13.（2023・浙江卷改编）______ consistently, you will make remarkable progress in your English studies.（ ） A. Practice B. Practicing C. To practice D. Practiced 14.（2022・新课标 I 卷改编）The proposal ______ at the meeting yesterday will be implemented next month.（ ） A. discussing B. being discussed C. discussed D. to discuss 15.（2024・新课标 I 卷改编）She spent the whole vacation ______ volunteer work in the community to help those in need.（ ） A. do B. doing C. to do D. done 二、翻译句子 1．（24-25高二上·上海普陀·期末）自从大学毕业后，他就一直忙于工作，很少与以前的同学联络。(contact) (汉译英) 2．（24-25高二上·上海嘉定·期末）她的社交生活妨碍了她的学习，导致成绩下降。(get in the way) 3．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）由于不同的语言和文化背景，人们在交流时关注的重心往往大不相同。(depending)(汉译英) 4．（23-24高二上·上海徐汇·期末）本次科技展的重头戏是一场最新科技成果的发布会。 (highlight) （汉译英） 5．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）出身音乐世家，她从小耳濡目染各种乐器和音乐会，难怪长大后成为了杰出的指挥兼作曲家。(expose) （汉译英） 6．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）母亲真的很担心我父亲的健康状况，要他少喝酒。(demand) (汉译英) 7．（23-24高二上·上海青浦·期末）在耗尽所有可利用的资源之后，他们没有其他选择只得放弃原来的计划。(exhaust) (汉译英) 8．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）一旦重金属污染进入食物链，将对全球生态环境造成影响，危及全人类的健康和福祉。(pose) (汉译英) 9．（24-25高二上·上海青浦·期末）得益于科技的迅猛发展，在线学习越来越受欢迎，学生们得以订阅那些由全球知名教授授课的教育平台，进而拓宽自身的知识视野。 (thanks to) (汉译英) 10．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）我没想到他这样自律的学生这个暑假也会沉迷网络游戏，好多作业都没动。(abandon) （汉译英） 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 -ing 形式（作主语、宾语、表语、复杂 -ing 形式）（期末复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 1. 掌握-ing形式作主语、宾语、表语的基础用法； 2. 熟练运用复杂-ing形式（完成式、否定式、被动式、复合结构）；3. 区分-ing形式与不定式、过去分词的用法差异； 4. 结合语境解决高频动词/短语的搭配问题。 语法填空题 单项选择题 语篇填空题 【2023上海秋考】King Mosi continued , “Just as you cannot tell me the number of seeds in the baobab fruit ,you cannot prove ( 25 )__________this land belongs to. His story is a reminder of ( 29 )_______wisdom can bring( 30 )_______ peace and harmony. 【答案】 25.who/whom 29.how 【2023上海春考】Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】 28. it 【2022年秋考】An entrepreneur can determine (26) __________ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. 【答案】26.what 【2022年春考】People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30)_______do see it say that they will never forget it. 【答案】29.that 30.whoever 考情分析： ·1. 期末考察侧重综合性，多结合语境考查-ing形式的语法功能与动词搭配，复杂-ing形式（被动式、完成式）为期中至期末重点； 3. 高频考点：介词后接-ing、固定动词搭配、主动表被动（need/require/want + -ing）、复合结构逻辑主语； 4. 3. 易错点集中在：-ing与不定式作宾语的含义差异、复杂-ing形式的时态语态判断、复合结构的所有格用法。 复习目标： 1.熟练掌握 - ing 形式的核心结构（一般式 / 完成式 / 被动式 / 否定式）及五大句法功能的核心用法。 2.精准区分 - ing 形式与过去分词、不定式的用法边界，突破易混点。 3.能在语法填空、单选、写作中灵活运用，应对语境化、综合性题目。规避典型错误，提升 - ing 形式运用的准确性和规范性。 核心结构 基本形式 (1)一般式主动：Doing homework is necessary.（做作业是必要的） (2)一般式被动：Being invited to the party made her happy.（被邀请参加派对让她开心） (3)完成式主动：Having finished the task, he left early.（完成任务后，他早早离开了） (4)完成式被动：Having been praised by the teacher, she worked harder.（被老师表扬后，她更努力了） (5)否定式：Not knowing the answer, he kept silent.（不知道答案，他保持沉默） 关键注意 完成式强调动作发生在主句动作之前，一般式无先后顺序。 被动式仅用于 - ing 形式与逻辑主语为被动关系时。 句法功能 知识点01 作主语 1.定义:-ing 形式置于句首（或用 it 作形式主语），表示经常性、习惯性的抽象动作。 2.核心用法 直接作主语：谓语动词用单数。 例句：Walking through the ancient forest is an unforgettable experience.（穿越古森林是一次难忘的经历。） 3.it 作形式主语（避免头重脚轻），常用句型： It’s no use/good doing...（做…… 没用 / 没好处） It’s a waste of time doing...（做…… 是浪费时间） It’s worthwhile doing...（做…… 值得） 例句：It’s no use arguing with him; he is too stubborn.（和他争论没用，他太固执了。） 4.复合结构：形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格 + -ing。 例句：His being late again made his teacher very angry.（他再次迟到让老师很生气。） 易错点 5.与不定式作主语的区别：不定式表具体、一次性动作，-ing 表抽象、习惯性动作。 对比：Delivering newspapers is his job.（动名词，表职业习惯）/ To deliver newspapers is his task today.（不定式，表今日具体任务） 知识点02 作宾语 1.定义:-ing 形式充当及物动词或介词的宾语，是高考高频考点。 2.核心用法 (1)接 - ing 作宾语的高频动词（口诀记忆）： 喜欢考虑要想象（enjoy, consider, imagine/fancy） 介意冒险可避免（mind, risk, avoid） 允许承认不喜欢（allow, admit, dislike） 欣赏错过可理解（appreciate, miss, understand） 主张完成不拖延（advocate, finish, delay/postpone） 建议坚持勤练习（suggest, keep, practice） 反对逃避不放弃（oppose, escape, quit） 例句：She avoided meeting him by taking another route.（她换了条路避免见到他。） (2)接 - ing 作宾语的高频短语（介词后必用 - ing）： insist on（坚持）、look forward to（盼望）、devote...to（致力于） lead to（导致）、contribute to（有助于）、be used to（习惯于） 例句：He devotes his time to helping the poor.（他把时间用于帮助穷人。） (3)介词省略的固定结构： spend...(in) doing（花费…… 做）、have difficulty/trouble (in) doing（做…… 有困难） prevent/stop...(from) doing（阻止…… 做）、be busy (in) doing（忙于做） 例句：We had no trouble finding the way to the park.（我们毫不费力找到了去公园的路。） (4)形式宾语结构：主语 + think/find/make + it + 形容词 + -ing。 例句：I find it useless arguing about the problem.（我觉得争论这个问题没用。） 易错点 动词 doing（表已发生 / 习惯性） to do（表未发生 / 具体） remember 记得做过 记得要做 regret 后悔做了 遗憾要做 try 尝试做 尽力做 stop 停止做某事 停下来去做另一件事 need/require/want 表 “需要” 时，接 - ing（主动表被动）= to be done。 例句：The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned.（房间需要打扫。） 知识点03 作表语 1. 定义:-ing 形式置于系动词（be, get, become, look 等）后，说明主语的内容或性质。 2. 核心用法 (1)动名词作表语：表主语的内容，与主语可互换。 例句：Her job is keeping the lecture hall clean.（= Keeping the lecture hall clean is her job.）（她的工作是保持报告厅干净。） (2)现在分词作表语：表主语的性质、特征，意为 “令人…… 的”，修饰物。 例句：The journey across the mountains was spectacular.（穿越山脉的旅程令人惊叹。） (3)易错点 与进行时态的区别：进行时态表 “动作正在进行”，现在分词作表语表 “主语特征”。 对比：They are repairing the bridge.（进行时，表动作）/ The problem is puzzling.（表语，表特征） 知识点04 作定语 1.定义：-ing 形式修饰名词，置于名词前或后，说明名词的功能、特征或动作状态。 2.核心用法 (1)动名词作定语：表名词的功能、用途，置于名词前。 例句：a reading room（阅览室）、a swimming pool（游泳池） (2)现在分词作定语：表名词的动作（主动 / 正在进行），可转化为定语从句。 前置：a smiling girl（微笑的女孩）、an exciting film（令人兴奋的电影） 后置：The boy playing football is my brother.（= The boy who is playing football is my brother.）（踢足球的男孩是我弟弟。） (3)易错点 与过去分词作定语的区别：-ing 表 “主动 / 进行”，过去分词表 “被动 / 完成”。 对比：a developing country（发展中国家，主动进行）/a developed country（发达国家，被动完成） 知识点05 作状语 1.定义：-ing 形式修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随等，逻辑主语需与句子主语一致。 2.核心用法 (1)表时间（相当于 when/while 从句）： 例句：Walking in the park, you will be amused by the scenery.（= When you are walking in the park...）（在公园散步时，你会被景色逗乐。） (2)表原因（相当于 as/because 从句）： 例句：Being ill, he couldn’t attend the meeting.（= As he was ill...）（因为生病，他不能参加会议。） (3)表条件（相当于 if 从句）： 例句：Working hard, you’ll make great progress.（= If you work hard...）（努力学习，你会取得很大进步。） (4)表结果（顺其自然的结果，置于句末）： 例句：The factory released waste water, polluting the river.（工厂排放废水，污染了河流。） (5)表伴随（与谓语动作同时发生）： 例句：She sat by the window, reading a novel.（她坐在窗边读小说。） 易错点 逻辑主语不一致错误：避免出现 “Looking out of the window, the park is beautiful.”（应改为 “Looking out of the window, we found the park beautiful.”） 复杂-ing形式 知识点01 定义 包括完成式、否定式、被动式及复合结构的进阶形式，侧重动作的时间先后、被动关系或逻辑主语。 知识点02 核心用法 1.完成式（having done/having been done）： 含义：强调动作先于谓语动词发生。 2.主动式（having done）：例句：Having survived the earthquake, she cherished every moment.（经历过地震后，她珍惜每一刻。） 3.被动式（having been done）：例句：Having been praised for his charity work, he continued to help others.（因慈善工作受表扬后，他继续助人。） 4.否定式（not doing/not having done）： 否定词“not”置于-ing形式前，复合结构中置于逻辑主语与-ing之间。 例句：Not knowing how to escape the fire, he called for help.（不知道如何逃离火灾，他大喊求救。）/ Not having received the evacuation notice, some residents stayed at home.（未收到疏散通知，部分居民留在家中。） 5.被动式（being done）： 含义：表动作被动且与谓语动词同时发生。 作主语：Being trapped in disasters is a terrible experience.（被困在灾难中是可怕的经历。） 作宾语：He didn’t mind being assigned to the charity project.（他不介意被分配到慈善项目中。） 作定语：The building being repaired is a disaster shelter.（正在修缮的建筑是避难所。） 6.复合结构（sb.’s doing/sb. doing）： 作主语：多用“sb.’s doing”，例句：His donating a large sum of money surprised everyone.（他捐赠巨款让所有人意外。） 作宾语：可接“sb.’s doing”或“sb. doing”，例句：I appreciate your/you organizing the disaster drill.（我感谢你组织防灾演练。） 注｜意｜事｜项 1.逻辑主语不一致：作状语时，-ing 形式逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致，否则用独立主格。 错误：Seeing the accident, his face turned pale.→正确：Seeing the accident, he turned pale. 2.介词 to 后误用不定式：部分短语中 to 是介词，后接 - ing 形式。 错误：He devoted himself to help the poor.→正确：He devoted himself to helping the poor. 3.完成式滥用：无明显先后顺序时，不用完成式。 错误：Having walked in the street, he met his teacher.→正确：Walking in the street, he met his teacher. 【即时检测】 选择题 1. ______ in the countryside for years has made her deeply understand the value of hard work. A. Live B. Living C. Having lived D. To live 【答案】C. Having lived 【详解】考查动词ing形式作主语（完成式）。句意：在农村生活了多年，让她深刻理解了努力的价值。ing形式的完成式“having done”表示动作发生在主句动作之前，符合“多年生活”先于“理解价值”的逻辑。A是原形，B是一般式（无时间先后），D是不定式（表具体动作），故选C。 2. The manager suggested ______ the meeting till next week, but most employees objected to ______ the plan. A. putting off; changing B. put off; change C. to put off; changing D. putting off; change 【答案】A. putting off; changing 【详解】考查动词ing形式作宾语（固定搭配）。句意：经理建议把会议推迟到下周，但大多数员工反对改变这个计划。suggest后接ing形式，object to中to是介词，后接ing形式。B、D中第二空为原形，C中第一空为不定式，均不符合搭配，故选A。 3. What makes the film so moving is the way the characters stick to their dreams—their perseverance is really ______. A. inspiring B. inspired C. inspire D. to inspire 【答案】A. inspiring 【详解】考查动词ing形式作表语。句意：这部电影之所以感人，是因为角色们坚持梦想的方式——他们的毅力真的令人鼓舞。ing形式作表语描述事物（perseverance）的特征，意为“令人鼓舞的”；B是ed形式（描述人的感受“受鼓舞的”），C是动词原形，D是不定式，故选A。 4. The novel ______ by many teenagers recently deals with the theme of friendship and courage. A. being read B. reading C. to read D. read 【答案】A. being read 【详解】考查动词ing形式作定语（被动式）。句意：最近被许多青少年阅读的这部小说，围绕友谊和勇气的主题展开。ing形式的被动式“being done”作后置定语，表“正在被……”，与novel是被动关系，且对应“recently”的时间语境。B是主动式，C是不定式（表将来），D是过去式/过去分词（无“正在”含义），故选A。 5. ______ the heavy rain, we still decided to go hiking, but soon we regretted not ______ the weather forecast. A. Despite; checking B. Though; to check C. In spite of; check D. Although; checking 【答案】A. Despite; checking 【详解】考查动词ing形式作状语（让步）和宾语。句意：尽管下着大雨，我们还是决定去徒步，但很快就后悔没看天气预报。第一空despite是介词，后接ing形式（此处省略being，完整为despite being caught in）；第二空regret后接ing形式表示“后悔做过某事”。B中though是连词（后接从句），第二空为不定式；C中第二空为原形；D中although是连词，故选A。 6. It is a waste of time ______ about things we can’t change—we should focus on ______ what we can do now. A. worrying; improving B. to worry; improve C. worry; improving D. worrying; improve 【答案】A. worrying; improving 【详解】考查动词ing形式作主语（it作形式主语）和宾语。句意：为我们无法改变的事情担忧是浪费时间——我们应该专注于提升当下能做的事。固定句型“It is a waste of time doing sth.”，focus on中on是介词，后接ing形式。B中第二空为原形，C中第一空为原形，D中第二空为原形，故选A。 7. He is used to ______ early in the morning, but his sister is still not used to ______ in such a cold climate. A. get up; live B. getting up; living C. get up; living D. getting up; live 【答案】B. getting up; living 【详解】考查动词ing形式作宾语（固定短语）。句意：他习惯了早上早起，但他妹妹还不习惯在这样寒冷的气候里生活。be used to中to是介词，后接ing形式，意为“习惯于做某事”；注意区分used to do（过去常常做某事）。A、C、D中均有原形，不符合搭配，故选B。 8. The most challenging part of the project is ______ all team members’ ideas into a practical plan—communication is key. A. combine B. combining C. combined D. to combining 【答案】B. combining 【详解】考查动词ing形式作表语。句意：这个项目最具挑战性的部分是把所有队员的想法整合进一个可行的计划——沟通是关键。ing形式作表语表示主语的具体内容，与“the most challenging part”构成等同关系。A是原形，C是过去分词（表被动），D是错误结构（to后接原形），故选B。 9. Do you know the scientist ______ for his research on renewable energy at the international conference yesterday? A. honoring B. to honor C. being honored D. honored 【答案】C. being honored 【详解】考查动词ing形式作定语（被动式）。句意：你认识昨天在国际会议上因可再生能源研究而受表彰的那位科学家吗？ing形式的被动式“being honored”作后置定语，表“正在被表彰”，与scientist是被动关系，且对应“yesterday”的动作场景。A是主动式，B是不定式（表将来），D是过去分词（仅表被动，无“当时正在”含义），故选C。 10. ______ the task ahead of schedule, they decided to take a short break, but ______ by the sudden phone call, they had to start working again. A. Finishing; interrupting B. Having finished; interrupted C. Finished; being interrupted D. Having finished; being interrupted 【答案】D. Having finished; being interrupted 【详解】考查动词ing形式作状语（完成式+被动式）。句意：提前完成任务后，他们决定短暂休息，但被突然的电话打断，不得不重新开始工作。第一空“having finished”表动作先于主句动作，作原因状语；第二空“being interrupted”表被动，作让步状语。A中第二空为主动式，B中第二空为过去分词（无“正在被”含义），C中第一空为过去分词（逻辑主语不一致），故选D。 11. ______ his carelessness led to the failure of the experiment is a fact no one can deny—we should avoid ______ the same mistake. A. That; making B. What; to make C. Which; making D. Whether; to make 【答案】A. That; making 【详解】考查动词ing形式作主语（主语从句）和宾语。句意：他的粗心导致实验失败，这是无人能否认的事实——我们应该避免犯同样的错误。第一空that引导主语从句，从句中“his carelessness”是主语，“leading”是定语；第二空avoid后接ing形式。B中what多余，第二空为不定式；C中which无指代意义；D中whether表“是否”，逻辑不符，故选A。 12. She regretted ______ her parents’ advice to study abroad—now she misses ______ the chance to improve her foreign language. A. to ignore; to get B. ignoring; getting C. ignoring; to get D. to ignore; getting 【答案】B. ignoring; getting 【详解】考查动词ing形式作宾语（易混淆动词）。句意：她后悔忽视了父母让她出国留学的建议——现在她怀念错过的提升外语的机会。regret doing sth. 表示“后悔做过某事”，miss doing sth. 表示“错过做某事”，均为固定用法。A、D中第一空为不定式（regret to do表“遗憾要做”），C中第二空为不定式，均不符合句意，故选B。 13. The reason why he feels so frustrated is not ______ the exam but ______ he didn’t prepare well enough. A. failing; that B. to fail; because C. fail; that D. failing; because 【答案】A. failing; that 【详解】考查动词ing形式作表语（表语从句）。句意：他感到沮丧的原因不是考试失败，而是他准备得不够充分。第一空ing形式作表语，与“the reason”对应；第二空that引导表语从句（reason后表语从句用that引导，不用because）。B中第二空错误，C中第一空为原形，D中第二空错误，故选A。 14. The building ______ now will be a modern library, which is expected to be open to the public next year. A. being constructed B. constructing C. to construct D. constructed 【答案】A. being constructed 【详解】考查动词ing形式作定语（被动式+进行式）。句意：正在修建的这栋楼将成为一座现代化图书馆，预计明年向公众开放。ing形式的被动式“being constructed”作后置定语，表“正在被修建”，与building是被动关系，且对应“now”的时间提示。B是主动式，C是不定式（表将来），D是过去分词（表已完成），故选A。 15. ______ not to disturb others, he walked quietly through the corridor, ______ his phone on silent mode. A. Reminding; putting B. Reminded; putting C. Reminded; to put D. Reminding; to put 【答案】B. Reminded; putting 【详解】考查动词ing形式作状语（被动式+伴随）。句意：被提醒不要打扰别人后，他静静地穿过走廊，把手机调成了静音模式。第一空“reminded”是过去分词（表被动，逻辑主语是he），可视为“being reminded”的省略；第二空ing形式作伴随状语，与主句动作同时发生。A中第一空为主动式，C中第二空为不定式（表目的），D中两空均不符合逻辑，故选B。 16. ______ by the beautiful scenery, they couldn’t help ______ photos all the way during the trip. A. Attracting; taking B. Attracted; to take C. Attracted; taking D. Attracting; to take 【答案】C. Attracted; taking 【详解】考查动词ing形式作状语（被动式）和宾语。句意：被美丽的风景吸引，他们在旅途中忍不住一路拍照。第一空“attracted”是过去分词（表被动，逻辑主语是they），相当于“being attracted”；第二空can’t help doing sth. 表示“忍不住做某事”（can’t help to do表“不能帮忙做”）。A中第一空为主动式，B中第二空为不定式，D中两空均错误，故选C。 17. My parents don’t mind my ______ late occasionally, but they insist on my ______ them know in advance. A. staying up; letting B. stay up; let C. to stay up; letting D. staying up; to let 【答案】A. staying up; letting 【详解】考查动词ing形式作宾语（复合结构）。句意：我父母不介意我偶尔熬夜，但他们坚持让我提前告知他们。“my+ing形式”是动名词复合结构，作mind和insist on的宾语，ing形式前用形容词性物主代词表逻辑主语。B中两空为原形，C中第一空为不定式，D中第二空为不定式，故选A。 18. What surprises us most is his ______ the difficult task in such a short time—his efficiency is truly ______. A. finishing; amazing B. to finish; amazed C. finish; amazing D. finishing; amazed 【答案】A. finishing; amazing 【详解】考查动词ing形式作表语（名词化+特征描述）。句意：最让我们惊讶的是他在这么短的时间内完成了这项艰巨的任务——他的效率真的令人惊叹。第一空“his+finishing”是动名词复合结构作表语，表具体事件；第二空ing形式作表语，描述事物（efficiency）的特征。B中第一空为不定式，第二空为ed形式；C中第一空为原形；D中第二空为ed形式，故选A。 19. The students ______ in the experiment are required to submit a report about their findings next Monday. A. participating B. participated C. to participate D. having participated 【答案】D. having participated 【详解】考查动词ing形式作定语（完成式）。句意：参与过这个实验的学生被要求下周一提交一份关于他们发现的报告。ing形式的完成式“having participated”作后置定语，表动作发生在“require”之前，强调“已经参与过”。A是一般式（无时间先后），B是过去分词（表被动），C是不定式（表将来），故选D。 20. ______ that he had wasted too much time, he decided to devote himself to ______ his lessons without any distraction. A. Realizing; improving B. To realize; improve C. Realized; improving D. Realizing; improve 【答案】A. Realizing; improving 【详解】考查动词ing形式作状语（主动式）和宾语。句意：意识到自己浪费了太多时间，他决定全身心投入到功课中，不再分心。第一空ing形式作原因状语，逻辑主语是he，二者为主动关系；第二空devote oneself to中to是介词，后接ing形式。B中第一空为不定式（表目的），第二空为原形；C中第一空为过去分词（表被动）；D中第二空为原形，故选A。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1. ______ (analyze) the data carefully is essential for the research report. 【答案】Analyzing 【解析】考查动名词作主语。此处需用名词性成分作主语，analyze 的动名词形式 Analyzing 表“仔细分析数据”这一抽象行为，符合语境。 2. She apologized for ______ (neglect) her duties during the team project. 【答案】neglecting 【解析】考查介词后接动名词。apologize for 中 for 为介词，后接动词需用动名词形式，neglect 的动名词为 neglecting。 3. The ______ (approach) deadline made all students work harder. 【答案】approaching 【解析】考查现在分词作定语。approach 与 deadline 是主动关系，现在分词 approaching 表“即将到来的”，修饰 deadline 符合“学生更努力”的语境。 4. ______ (not grasp) the key concepts, many students struggled with the exam. 【答案】Not grasping 【解析】考查动名词作原因状语。逻辑主语 many students 与 grasp 是主动关系，否定形式需将 not 置于动名词前，表“因未掌握核心概念”。 5. His main responsibility is ______ (supervise) the daily operations of the club. 【答案】supervising 【解析】考查动名词作表语。此处表语需说明 responsibility 的具体内容，supervise 的动名词形式 supervising 表抽象动作，符合语境。 6. The experts insisted on ______ (conduct) a thorough investigation before making a decision. 【答案】conducting 【解析】考查介词后接动名词。insist on 中 on 为介词，后接动词需用动名词形式，conduct 的动名词为 conducting。 7. ______ (accomplish) the challenging task, they celebrated with a small party. 【答案】Having accomplished 【解析】考查完成式动名词作时间状语。“完成任务”先于“庆祝”发生，用 having + 过去分词的形式，强调动作先后顺序。 8. The library ______ (decorate) now will reopen to the public next month. 【答案】being decorated 【解析】考查现在分词被动式作定语。library 与 decorate 是被动关系，结合 now 可知动作正在进行，用 being decorated 表“正在被装修的”。 9. It’s no use ______ (argue) with someone who refuses to listen to reason. 【答案】arguing 【解析】考查固定句型。It’s no use doing sth. 为固定结构，表“做某事无用”，argue 的动名词为 arguing。 10. ______ (elect) as the monitor, she promised to serve the class wholeheartedly. 【答案】Being elected 【解析】考查现在分词被动式作原因状语。she 与 elect 是被动关系，用 being elected 表“因被选为班长”，引出后续承诺。 二、单项选择 1. ______ excessive screen time will have a negative impact on teenagers’ eyesight.（ ） A. Spend B. Spending C. To spend D. Spent 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词作主语。此处需名词性成分作主语，动名词 Spending 表“过度使用电子产品”这一抽象泛指行为，符合语境。A项 Spend 是动词原形，不能作主语；C项 To spend 不定式作主语表具体、一次性动作，不符合“泛指影响”的语境；D项 Spent 是过去分词，表被动，逻辑主语不明确，无法作主语。 2. The scientist is devoted to ______ new energy sources to replace fossil fuels.（ ） A. develop B. developing C. to develop D. developed 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定搭配。be devoted to 中 to 为介词，后接动名词作宾语，develop 的动名词为 developing，表“致力于研发”。A项 develop 是动词原形，不能直接接在介词后；C项 to develop 重复介词 to，结构错误；D项 developed 是过去分词，表被动，与“致力于研发”的主动含义矛盾。 3. The ______ result of the experiment surprised all the researchers, who were ______ by the unexpected findings.（ ） A. astonishing; astonished B. astonished; astonishing C. astonishing; astonishing D. astonished; astonished 【答案】A 【解析】考查分词形容词的用法。现在分词 astonishing 修饰事物（result），表“令人惊讶的”；过去分词 astonished 修饰人（researchers），表“感到惊讶的”，符合逻辑。B项前后分词修饰对象颠倒；C项后一分词用现在分词修饰人，逻辑错误；D项前一分词用过去分词修饰事物，不符合用法。 4. The professor ______ at the meeting now has published dozens of academic papers.（ ） A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. spoken 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在分词作后置定语。professor 与 speak 是主动关系，结合 now 可知动作正在进行，speaking 表“正在会议上发言的”，修饰 professor。A项 speak 是动词原形，不能作定语；C项 to speak 不定式作定语表“将要发言的”，与 now 矛盾；D项 spoken 是过去分词，表被动，与 professor 主动发言的逻辑不符。 5. ______ regularly, you will gradually build up your physical strength.（ ） A. Exercise B. Exercising C. To exercise D. Exercised 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词作条件状语。逻辑主语 you 与 exercise 是主动关系，动名词 Exercising 表“规律锻炼”，作条件状语，符合“锻炼增强体力”的逻辑。A项 Exercise 是动词原形，不能直接作状语；C项 To exercise 不定式作状语表目的，不符合“条件”语境；D项 Exercised 是过去分词，表被动，与逻辑主语 you 主动锻炼的关系矛盾。 6. He suggested ______ a workshop to discuss how to improve team cooperation.（ ） A. organize B. organizing C. to organize D. organized 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定搭配。suggest 后接动名词作宾语，organize 的动名词为 organizing，表“建议组织研讨会”，是固定用法。A项 organize 是动词原形，不能直接接在 suggest 后；C项 to organize 不定式不能作 suggest 的宾语；D项 organized 是过去分词，表被动，与“建议组织”的主动含义不符。 7. ______ all the preparations for the conference, they felt a sense of relief.（ ） A. Complete B. Completing C. To complete D. Having completed 【答案】D 【解析】考查完成式动名词作时间状语。“完成准备”的动作先于“感到轻松”发生，用 Having completed 强调动作先后顺序，符合语境。A项 Complete 是动词原形，不能作状语；B项 Completing 动名词表同时发生，无法体现“先完成后轻松”；C项 To complete 不定式作状语表目的，不符合时间逻辑。 8. The book ______ by the famous author has been translated into more than 20 languages.（ ） A. writing B. written C. to write D. write 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去分词作定语。book 与 write 是被动关系，过去分词 written 表“被著名作家写的”，修饰 book，符合“被翻译”的语境。A项 writing 是现在分词，表主动，与 book 被动被写的逻辑矛盾；C项 to write 不定式作定语表“将要写的”，与“已被翻译”矛盾；D项 write 是动词原形，不能作定语。 9. It’s worthwhile ______ the historical site, as it offers valuable insights into ancient civilizations.（ ） A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定句型。It’s worthwhile doing sth. 为固定结构，表“做某事值得”，visiting 符合句型要求，贴合“参观历史遗迹有价值”的语境。A项 visit 是动词原形，不能接在 worthwhile 后；C项 to visit 虽可用于 It’s worthwhile to do，但此处语境更侧重抽象行为，动名词更合适；D项 visited 是过去分词，表被动，逻辑不符。 10. She dedicated all her spare time to ______ disabled children with their studies.（ ） A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定搭配。dedicate...to 中 to 为介词，后接动名词作宾语，help 的动名词为 helping，表“致力于帮助残疾儿童”。A项 help 是动词原形，不能直接接在介词后；C项 to help 重复介词 to，结构错误；D项 helped 是过去分词，表被动，与“主动帮助”的含义矛盾。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1. ______ (not receive) any response from the company for weeks, he sent a follow-up email. （【答案】Not having received） 【解析】考查完成式动名词的否定形式。“未收到回复”的动作先于“发送跟进邮件”，否定词 not 需置于 having 前，强调动作时间先后，符合“for weeks”的持续时间提示，表“因数周未收到回复而发送邮件”。 2. The ______ (remain) tickets for the concert will be sold at a discounted price tomorrow （【答案】remaining） 7.【解析】考查现在分词作定语。remain 与 tickets 是主动关系，现在分词 remaining 表“剩余的”，修饰名词 tickets，贴合“明日打折出售”的语境，强调 tickets 的状态。 8.The rescuer was praised for ______ (rescue) the trapped villagers in the flood. （【答案】having rescued） 【解析】考查完成式动名词作宾语。“营救被困村民”的动作先于“被表扬”，用 having rescued 强调动作结果，符合介词 for 后接动名词的语法规则，表“因营救村民而受表扬”。 4. ______ (provide) with proper training, the new employees can adapt to their jobs quickly.（【答案】Provided） 【解析】考查过去分词作条件状语。逻辑主语 new employees 与 provide 是被动关系，Provided 相当于 “if (they are) provided”，表“被提供适当培训后”，符合“快速适应工作”的逻辑，是高考常考的省略结构。 5. The woman ______ (consult) with the doctor is our math teacher.（【答案】consulting） 【解析】考查现在分词作后置定语。woman 与 consult 是主动关系，consulting 表“正在与医生咨询的”，对应语境中“此刻的动作”，明确修饰对象的状态。 6. ______ (wander) in the ancient town, we admired the traditional architecture and local customs.（【答案】Wandering） 【解析】考查现在分词作伴随状语。逻辑主语 we 与 wander 是主动关系，Wandering 表“在古镇漫步时”，伴随“欣赏建筑和风俗”的核心动作，体现动作的同时性。 7. She is looking forward to ______ (invite) to the international youth summit.（【答案】being invited） 【解析】考查动名词被动式作宾语。look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动名词；she 与 invite 是被动关系，用 being invited 表“期待被邀请”，符合“被动参与活动”的语境。 8. ______ (study) abroad for 3 years, he has a deep understanding of cross-cultural communication.（【答案】Having studied） 【解析】考查完成式动名词作原因状语。“留学3年”的动作先于“有深刻理解”，用 Having studied 强调时间先后，引出“理解跨文化交流”的结果，符合“持续经历带来认知提升”的逻辑。 9. The seminar ______ (hold) next Friday will focus on environmental protection strategies.（【答案】to be held） 【解析】考查不定式被动式作定语。seminar 与 hold 是被动关系，next Friday 表将来时间，用 to be held 表“即将于下周五被举办的”，明确活动的时间和被动属性。 10. There’s no point ______ (complain) about the traffic jam; we’d better find an alternative route.（【答案】complaining） 【解析】考查固定句型中的动名词。It’s no point doing sth. 为固定结构，表“做某事无意义”，complain 的动名词为 complaining，是高考高频固定搭配，贴合“建议找替代路线”的语境。 二、单项选择（10 小题） 1. ______ from the top of the mountain, the city skyline presents a magnificent view at dusk.（ ） A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. See 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。逻辑主语是 the city skyline（城市天际线），与 see 是被动关系，过去分词 Seen 表“从山顶被俯瞰时”，符合“天际线被观察”的逻辑。A项 Seeing 表主动，逻辑主语应为“人”，与 skyline 矛盾；C项 To see 表目的，不符合“自然呈现景色”的语境；D项 See 是动词原形，不能直接作状语。 2. He regretted ______ his original plan, as the new approach turned out to be a failure.（ ） A. change B. changing C. to change D. changed 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词作宾语的固定搭配。regret doing 表“后悔做过某事”，符合“改变计划后新方案失败”的语境，强调“已发生的动作带来遗憾”。A项 change 是动词原形，不能作 regret 的宾语；C项 to change 用于 regret to do 结构，表“遗憾要做某事”，与“已失败”的过去语境矛盾；D项 changed 是过去分词，表被动，逻辑不符。 3. ______ late for the interview, he missed a valuable opportunity to get the job.（ ） A. Arrive B. Arriving C. To arrive D. Arrived 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在分词作原因状语。逻辑主语 he 与 arrive 是主动关系，现在分词 Arriving 表“因面试迟到”，直接引出“错失工作机会”的结果，符合因果逻辑。A项 Arrive 是动词原形，不能作状语；C项 To arrive 表目的，不符合“迟到导致失败”的原因语境；D项 Arrived 表被动，与 he 主动迟到的逻辑矛盾。 4. The issue ______ at the committee meeting now is related to students’ mental health.（ ） A. discussing B. being discussed C. to discuss D. discussed 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在分词被动式作定语。issue 与 discuss 是被动关系，now 提示动作正在进行，being discussed 表“此刻正在委员会会议上被讨论的”，精准对应时间和被动属性。A项 discussing 表主动，与 issue 被动被讨论的逻辑矛盾；C项 to discuss 表将来，与 now 矛盾；D项 discussed 表“已讨论完的”，不符合“正在讨论”的语境。 5. She spent three months ______ a research paper on the influence of social media on teenagers.（ ） A. write B. writing C. to write D. written 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定搭配中的动名词。spend time doing sth. 是高考高频固定搭配，表“花费时间做某事”，writing 符合句型要求，表“花三个月写研究论文”。A项 write 是动词原形，不能接在 spend time 后；C项 to write 是不定式，误用句型；D项 written 是过去分词，表被动，与“主动写论文”的逻辑矛盾。 6. ______ the scholarship, she has been studying day and night to improve her academic performance.（ ） A. Win B. Winning C. To win D. Won 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。不定式 To win 表“为了赢得奖学金”，直接说明“日夜学习”的目的，符合“为目标而努力”的语境，逻辑清晰。A项 Win 是动词原形，不能作状语；B项 Winning 表主动伴随，无法体现“目的”；D项 Won 表被动，与 she 主动争取奖学金的逻辑矛盾。 7. Having ______ the difficult task ahead of schedule, the team was highly praised by the manager.（ ） A. complete B. completing C. completed D. to complete 【答案】C 【解析】考查完成式中的过去分词。have 后接过去分词构成完成式，Having completed 表“已经提前完成困难任务”，强调动作结果，为“被经理表扬”提供原因。A项 complete 是动词原形，不能接在 having 后；B项 completing 是现在分词，不符合“have + 过去分词”的完成式结构；D项 to complete 是不定式，无法构成完成式。 8. The ______ speech delivered by the professor inspired many students to pursue their dreams bravely.（ ） A. inspire B. inspiring C. inspired D. to inspire 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在分词作定语。现在分词 inspiring 修饰事物 speech，表“令人鼓舞的”，符合“演讲激励学生”的语境，体现事物的属性。A项 inspire 是动词原形，不能作定语；C项 inspired 修饰人，表“感到鼓舞的”，不能修饰 speech；D项 to inspire 是不定式，表将来，不符合“已发表的演讲”的语境。 9. He dreams of ______ a renowned scholar who can make contributions to scientific research.（ ） A. become B. becoming C. to become D. became 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定搭配中的动名词。dream of 后接动名词作宾语是固定用法，becoming 表“梦想成为著名学者”，符合“追求理想”的语境。】A项 become 是动词原形，不能作 of 的宾语；C项 to become 是不定式，误用搭配；D项 became 是过去式，不能作宾语。 10. ______ in the heavy snowstorm, the travelers had to take shelter in an abandoned cabin.（ ） A. Caught B. Catching C. To catch D. Catch 【答案】A 【解析】考查过去分词作原因状语。be caught in 是固定短语，表“被困在……中”，过去分词 Caught 省略 be 动词，作原因状语，表“因被困在暴风雪中”，引出“躲进废弃小屋”的结果。A项 Catching 表主动，与 travelers 被动被困的逻辑矛盾；C项 To catch 表目的，不符合语境；D项 Catch 是动词原形，不能作状语。 3、 翻译句子 1.他坚持每天练习口语并最终提高了成绩，这让老师很欣慰。 【答案】His insisting on practising oral English every day and eventually improving his grades made the teacher very pleased. 【解析】考察-ing形式复杂复合结构作主语，逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词His，同时包含“insist on doing”固定搭配，且用and连接两个并列的-ing动作（insisting on...与improving...），提升了主语部分的结构复杂度，需注意多个-ing动作并列作主语时谓语动词仍用单数。 2.忽视细节往往会导致严重的错误，这是我们必须牢记的。 【答案】Ignoring details often leads to serious mistakes, which we must keep in mind. 【解析】考察-ing形式直接作主语并衔接非限制性定语从句，“忽视细节”为抽象习惯性动作，用Ignoring details作主语；同时考察“lead to doing”固定搭配（to为介词），需注意避免误将lead to后接不定式，提升了“主语+固定搭配+复合句”的综合考察难度。 3.无论是学习还是工作，保持积极的心态都至关重要。 【答案】Keeping a positive attitude, whether studying or working, is crucial. 【解析】考察-ing形式作主语与插入语的结合，主干为Keeping a positive attitude is crucial，插入语whether studying or working为whether (we are) studying or working的省略形式，需准确判断插入语中-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句主语一致，提升了语境的复杂性。 4.除了完成老师布置的任务，他还主动帮忙整理实验室器材。 【答案】Besides finishing the tasks assigned by the teacher, he also volunteered to help tidy up the laboratory equipment. 【解析】考察介词后接-ing形式的复杂语境，besides为介词，后接finish的-ing形式；同时“tasks assigned by the teacher”为过去分词短语作定语，需兼顾-ing形式与非谓语动词作定语的综合运用，避免因关注-ing而忽略定语部分的语法正确。 5.她承认自己在项目中犯了错误，并承诺会尽快想出解决问题的办法。 【答案】She admitted making mistakes in the project and promised to figure out a way to solve the problem as soon as possible. 【解析】考察“承认做过某事”的固定搭配admit doing，同时对比promise后接不定式的易混点，需准确区分admit（接-ing）与promise（接to do）的搭配差异；且“解决问题的办法”需用不定式to solve作后置定语，提升了“-ing作宾语+易混搭配+不定式作定语”的综合难度。 6.这个老旧的图书馆需要彻底修缮，否则无法满足师生的阅读需求。 【答案】This old library needs completely repairing; otherwise, it can't meet the reading needs of teachers and students. 【解析】考察-ing形式主动表被动的进阶用法，need后接-ing形式（repairing）表被动，同时加入副词completely修饰-ing形式，需注意副词位置（置于-ing前）；且用分号衔接两个分句，提升了句式连贯性要求，避免因只关注语法功能而忽略句式逻辑。 7.最令人沮丧的是，他总是逃避面对自己的缺点和不足。 【答案】What is most frustrating is that he always avoids facing his shortcomings and inadequacies. 【解析】考察现在分词作表语与动名词作宾语的结合，主语为what引导的主语从句，表语frustrating（-ing形式）表事物特征（“令人沮丧的”）；同时考察avoid后接-ing形式（facing），需兼顾表语功能与宾语搭配，提升了复合句中-ing形式的综合运用难度。 8.她的日常工作就是跟踪项目进度并协调各部门之间的合作。 【答案】Her daily work is tracking the project progress and coordinating cooperation between various departments. 【解析】考察动名词作表语的并列结构，用and连接两个动名词短语（tracking...与coordinating...）作表语，表工作的具体内容；需注意动名词并列时的结构一致性，且“协调合作”需准确翻译为coordinating cooperation，提升了表语部分的信息密度与结构复杂度。 9.由于之前未被给予足够的指导，她在第一次独立完成实验时遇到了很多困难。 【答案】Not having been given sufficient guidance before, she encountered many difficulties when completing the experiment independently for the first time. 【解析】考察复杂-ing形式的完成式、被动式与否定式的叠加用法，“未被给予指导”发生在“遇到困难”之前，故用完成式被动式having been given，否定词not置于句首；逻辑主语she与give为被动关系，需准确判断时态（先后）与语态（被动）的双重逻辑，是期末拔高的核心考点。 10.意识到自己误解了朋友的意思后，他立即发消息向朋友道歉。 【答案】Having realized that he had misunderstood his friend's meaning, he immediately sent a message to apologize to his friend. 【解析】考察-ing形式完成式引导时间状语（相当于after引导的从句），“意识到误解”发生在“发消息道歉”之前，用having realized；后接that引导的宾语从句，从句中用过去完成时体现动作先后，提升了“-ing完成式+宾语从句+时态呼应”的综合难度，需准确梳理多重动作的时间顺序。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择 1. Which sentence is correct?（ ） A. Watching the documentary, tears filled her eyes. B. She is looking forward to attend the international conference. C. Having prepared fully, she performed well in the competition. D. The article writing by the journalist won the first prize. 【答案】C 【解析】正确选项考查完成式动名词作状语。逻辑主语 she 与 prepare 是主动关系，且“充分准备”先于“表现出色”，用 Having prepared fully 强调动作先后，用法正确。A项逻辑主语不一致，watching 的逻辑主语应是人（she），而非 tears，需改为 Watching the documentary, she was moved to tears；B项介词后接动名词错误，look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动名词，attend 需改为 attending；D项被动关系误用现在分词，article 与 write 是被动关系，writing 需改为 written。 2. Which sentence uses -ing form correctly?（ ） A. The student is interested in play the piano in his spare time. B. It’s no good to blame others for your own mistakes. C. Wandering in the park, we enjoyed the beautiful flowers and fresh air. D. He devoted himself to help the poor in remote areas. 【答案】C 【解析】正确选项考查现在分词作伴随状语。逻辑主语 we 与 wander 是主动关系，Wandering 表“在公园漫步时”，伴随“欣赏花和新鲜空气”的动作，用法正确。A项介词后接动名词错误，be interested in 中 in 是介词，后接动名词，play 需改为 playing；B项固定句型后接动名词错误，It’s no good 后接动名词，to blame 需改为 blaming；D项介词后接动名词错误，devote...to 中 to 是介词，后接动名词，help 需改为 helping。 3. ______ the final exam, he went out to relax with his friends.（ ） A. Finish B. Finishing C. To finish D. Having finished 【答案】D 【解析】正确选项考查完成式动名词作时间状语。“完成考试”的动作先于“外出放松”，用 Having finished 强调时间先后，符合“先完成任务再放松”的逻辑。A项 Finish 是动词原形，不能直接作状语；B项 Finishing 表动作同时发生，无法体现“先完成后放松”的逻辑；C项 To finish 表目的，不符合“完成后放松”的时间语境。 4. The ______ audience cheered loudly when the performer finished the wonderful show.（ ） A. excite B. exciting C. excited D. to excite 【答案】C 【解析】正确选项考查过去分词作定语。过去分词 excited 修饰人（audience），表“感到兴奋的”，符合“观众因表演而兴奋”的语境。A项 excite 是动词原形，不能作定语；B项 exciting 修饰事物，表“令人兴奋的”，不能修饰人；D项 to excite 是不定式，无形容词功能，无法修饰名词。 5. ______ from his appearance, he must be an experienced traveler.（ ） A. Judge B. Judging C. To judge D. Judged 【答案】B 【解析】正确选项考查固定搭配中的动名词。Judging from 是独立结构，不考虑逻辑主语，表“根据……判断”，是高考高频固定搭配，用法固定。A项 Judge 是动词原形，不能作状语；C项 To judge 表目的，不符合“根据外表判断”的语境；D项 Judged 表被动，与固定搭配 Judging from 矛盾。 6. She regretted ______ her friend’s secret to others, which damaged their friendship.（ ） A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. told 【答案】B 【解析】正确选项考查动名词作宾语的固定搭配。regret telling 表“后悔做过某事”，符合“告诉秘密后破坏友谊”的语境，强调“已发生的动作带来遗憾”。A项 tell 是动词原形，不能作 regret 的宾语；C项 to tell 用于 regret to do 结构，表“遗憾要做某事”，与“已破坏友谊”的过去语境矛盾；D项 told 是过去分词，表被动，逻辑不符。 7. The bridge ______ now will connect the two cities and promote economic development.（ ） A. build B. building C. being built D. built 【答案】C 【解析】正确选项考查现在分词被动式作定语。bridge 与 build 是被动关系，now 提示动作正在进行，being built 表“此刻正在被建造的”，精准对应时间和被动属性。A项 build 是动词原形，不能作定语；B项 building 表主动，与 bridge 被动被建造的逻辑矛盾；D项 built 表“已建成的”，与 now 提示的“正在建造”矛盾。 8. ______ more attention, the problem could have been solved earlier.（ ） A. Give B. Giving C. To give D. Given 【答案】D 【解析】正确选项考查过去分词作条件状语。逻辑主语 the problem 与 give 是被动关系，Given 表“被给予更多关注”，相当于 if (it was) given，符合“问题被关注就能早解决”的逻辑。A项 Give 是动词原形，不能作状语；B项 Giving 表主动，与 problem 被动关系矛盾；C项 To give 表目的，不符合“条件”语境。 9. He spent a lot of time ______ historical records to find evidence for his research.（ ） A. consult B. consulting C. to consult D. consulted 【答案】B 【解析】正确选项考查固定搭配中的动名词。spend time doing sth. 是高考高频固定搭配，表“花费时间做某事”，consulting 符合句型要求。A项 consult 是动词原形，不能接在 spend time 后；C项 to consult 是不定式，误用句型；D项 consulted 是过去分词，表被动，与“主动查阅资料”的逻辑矛盾。 10. Which sentence is wrong?（ ） A. Practicing speaking English every day is the key to improvement. B. She is afraid of flying alone at night. C. To learn is to grow. D. They are busy to prepare for the upcoming sports meeting. 【答案】D 【解析】错误选项考查固定搭配中的动名词。be busy doing sth. 是固定搭配，表“忙于做某事”，to prepare 需改为 preparing，故D项错误。A项 Practicing 作主语，用法正确；B项 be afraid of 后接动名词，用法正确；C项不定式作主语和表语，用法正确。 二、改错（10 小题） 1. Not know how to deal with the emergency, she turned to her teacher for help.（ ） 【答案】know→knowing 【解析】考查现在分词作原因状语。逻辑主语 she 与 know 是主动关系，需用现在分词 knowing，构成 Not knowing 作原因状语，表“因不知道如何处理紧急情况”。 2. The manager suggested to postpone the meeting until next week.（ ） 【答案】to postpone→postponing 【解析】考查动名词作宾语的固定搭配。suggest 后接动名词作宾语是固定用法，表“建议做某事”，需去掉 to，将 postpone 改为动名词形式。 3. The performance was so excited that all the audience stood up and applauded.（ ） 【答案】excited→exciting 【解析】考查现在分词作定语。修饰事物（performance）需用现在分词 exciting，表“令人兴奋的”；excited 修饰人，此处用法错误，需修正。 4. Having finish the course, he obtained a certificate from the training center.（ ） 【答案】finish→finished 【解析】考查完成式动名词的结构。完成式动名词结构为 having + 过去分词，finish 的过去分词为 finished，需修正动词形式，表“完成课程后获得证书”。 5. We are looking forward to see the new exhibition at the art gallery.（ ） 【答案】see→seeing 【解析】考查介词后接动名词。look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动名词作宾语，see 需改为 seeing，表“期待看展览”。 6. The girl is talking with our teacher is the winner of the English competition.（ ） 【答案】is talking→talking 【解析】考查现在分词作后置定语。现在分词 talking 可直接作定语，修饰 the girl，无需再加谓语动词 is，去掉多余的 is 后，表“正在和老师说话的女孩”。 7. Walk along the street, we noticed many interesting shops and cafes.（ ） 【答案】Walk→Walking 【解析】考查现在分词作时间状语。逻辑主语 we 与 walk 是主动关系，需用现在分词 Walking 作时间状语，表“沿着街道走时”，替代动词原形 Walk。 8. It’s no use to argue with him because he is too stubborn to listen.（ ） 【答案】to argue→arguing 【解析】考查固定句型中的动名词。It’s no use doing sth. 是固定结构，表“做某事无用”，需将 to argue 改为动名词 arguing，符合句型要求。 9. She devoted all her efforts to improve her academic performance.（ ） 【答案】improve→improving 【解析】考查介词后接动名词。devote...to 中 to 是介词，后接动名词作宾语，improve 需改为 improving，表“致力于提高成绩”。 10. The novel is worth to read because it reflects the social reality of that era.（ ） 【答案】to read→reading 【解析】考查固定搭配中的动名词。be worth doing 是固定搭配，表“值得被阅读”，主动形式表被动含义，需将 to read 改为 reading，符合搭配规则。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、语法填空 1.（2024・新课标 II 卷改编）______ (explore) the unknown ancient ruins requires courage and careful preparation.（【答案】Exploring） 2. 【解析】考查动名词作主语。动名词 Exploring 表“探索未知古遗址”这一抽象行为，作句子主语，符合高考“抽象行为作主语优先用动名词”的高频考点，贴合“需要勇气和准备”的语境。 3. （2023・全国乙卷改编）She avoided ______ (mention) the sensitive topic to avoid offending others. （【答案】mentioning） 【解析】考查介词后接动名词。avoid 后接动名词作宾语是高考固定搭配，表“避免做某事”；mention 的动名词为 mentioning，符合“避免提及敏感话题”的逻辑。 3.（2022・浙江卷改编）The ______ (fall) leaves in autumn create a beautiful scene in the park.（【答案】falling） 【解析】考查现在分词作定语。fall 与 leaves 是主动关系，现在分词 falling 表“正在飘落的”，修饰 leaves 突出“动态美景”，符合高考“分词作定语表动作状态”的考点。 4.（2024・北京卷改编）______ (not have) enough experience, he faced many difficulties in his first job.（【答案】Not having） 【解析】考查完成式动名词的否定形式。“缺乏经验”先于“面临困难”，否定词 not 置于 having 前，强调动作时间先后，是高考“完成式动名词表先后关系”的易错考点。 5.（2023・北京卷改编）Her main task is ______ (coordinate) the team’s work and ensure efficiency.（【答案】coordinating） 【解析】考查动名词作表语。动名词 coordinating 说明 task 的具体内容，表“协调团队工作”，符合高考“表语说明主语内容用动名词”的考点，体现动作的抽象性。 6.（2022・天津卷改编）They succeeded in ______ (develop) a new type of material that is environmentally friendly.（【答案】developing） 【解析】考查固定搭配中的动名词。succeed in doing sth. 是高考高频固定搭配，develop 的动名词为 developing，表“成功研发新材料”，符合“介词后接动名词”的语法规则。 7.（2024・浙江卷改编）The exhibition ______ (show) now at the museum has attracted thousands of visitors.（【答案】being shown） 【解析】考查现在分词被动式作定语。exhibition 与 show 是被动关系，now 提示动作正在进行，being shown 表“此刻正在博物馆展出的”，精准对应高考“进行时被动式作定语”的考点。 8.（2023・天津卷改编）______ (study) English literature for 5 years, she has a profound understanding of classic works.（【答案】Having studied） 【解析】考查完成式动名词作原因状语。“学习英国文学5年”先于“有深刻理解”，用 Having studied 强调时间先后，引出认知结果，是高考“完成式动名词表因果关系”的核心考点。 9.（2022・新课标 I 卷改编）It’s no use ______ (persuade) him to change his mind; he is determined to follow his own path.（【答案】persuading） 【解析】考查固定句型中的动名词。It’s no use doing sth. 是高考必考固定句型，表“做某事无意义”，persuade 的动名词为 persuading，贴合“劝说无用”的语境。 10.（2024・天津卷改编）He is looking forward to ______ (invite) to the academic forum held by the university.（【答案】being invited） 【解析】考查动名词被动式作宾语。look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动名词；he 与 invite 是被动关系，用 being invited 表“期待被邀请”，符合高考“动名词被动式表被动动作”的考点。 二、单项选择（5 小题，近 3 年真题改编） 11.（2023・新课标 II 卷改编）______ from the perspective of history, this event has far-reaching significance.（ ） A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. See 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。逻辑主语是 this event（该事件），与 see 是被动关系，过去分词 Seen 表“从历史角度被看待时”，符合高考“分词作状语需匹配逻辑主语”的核心考点。A项 Seeing 表主动，逻辑主语应为“人”，与 event 矛盾；C项 To see 表目的，不符合“客观评价事件”的语境；D项 See 是动词原形，不能直接作状语。 12.（2024・北京卷改编）He regretted ______ the opportunity to study abroad, as it was a rare chance to broaden his horizons.（ ） A. miss B. missing C. to miss D. missed 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词作宾语的固定搭配。regret doing 表“后悔做过某事”，符合“机会已失去”的语境，是高考“regret 后接动名词/不定式的区别”的高频考点。A项 miss 是动词原形，不能作 regret 的宾语；C项 to miss 用于 regret to do 结构，表“遗憾要做某事”，与“机会已错过”的过去语境矛盾；D项 missed 是过去分词，表被动，逻辑不符。 13.（2023・浙江卷改编）______ consistently, you will make remarkable progress in your English studies.（ ） A. Practice B. Practicing C. To practice D. Practiced 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在分词作条件状语。逻辑主语 you 与 practice 是主动关系，现在分词 Practicing 表“如果持续练习”，符合高考“分词作条件状语”的考点，体现“主动动作表条件”的逻辑。A项 Practice 是动词原形，不能作状语；C项 To practice 表目的，不符合“练习带来进步”的条件语境；D项 Practiced 表被动，与 you 主动练习的逻辑矛盾。 14.（2022・新课标 I 卷改编）The proposal ______ at the meeting yesterday will be implemented next month.（ ） A. discussing B. being discussed C. discussed D. to discuss 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去分词作定语。proposal 与 discuss 是被动关系，yesterday 提示动作发生在过去，discussed 表“昨天在会议上被讨论的”，符合高考“过去分词作定语表完成被动”的考点。A项 discussing 表主动，与 proposal 被动被讨论的逻辑矛盾；B项 being discussed 表“正在被讨论”，与 yesterday 矛盾；D项 to discuss 表将来，不符合“已讨论完将执行”的语境。 15.（2024・新课标 I 卷改编）She spent the whole vacation ______ volunteer work in the community to help those in need.（ ） A. do B. doing C. to do D. done 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定搭配中的动名词。spend time doing sth. 是高考必背固定搭配，表“花费时间做某事”，doing 符合句型要求，贴合“假期做志愿工作”的语境。A项 do 是动词原形，不能接在 spend time 后；C项 to do 是不定式，误用句型；D项 done 是过去分词，表被动，与“主动做志愿”的逻辑矛盾。 二、翻译句子 1．（24-25高二上·上海普陀·期末）自从大学毕业后，他就一直忙于工作，很少与以前的同学联络。(contact) (汉译英) 【答案】Since graduation from college, he has been engaged in his work, seldom contacting his former classmates. 【详解】考查介词短语、固定短语、时态和非谓语动词。表示“自从大学毕业后”应用介词短语since graduation from college；表示“他”应用he；表示“忙于”应用固定短语be engaged in，此处使用现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has；表示“他的工作”应用his work；表示“很少”应员工seldom；表示“与……联络”应用contact，此处作状语，he和contact为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式；表示“以前的同学”应用his former classmates。故翻译成：Since graduation from college, he has been engaged in his work, seldom contacting his former classmates.。 2．（24-25高二上·上海嘉定·期末）她的社交生活妨碍了她的学习，导致成绩下降。(get in the way) 【答案】Her social life gets in the way of her study, resulting in lower academic performance. 【详解】考查动词时态和非谓语动词。句子描述现在的一般情况，使用一般现在时，主语“她的社交生活”her social life，“妨碍”get in the way of，主语是her social life，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，后接宾语“她的学习”her study，“导致”result in，作非谓语动词，社交生活妨碍她的学习导致成绩下降，是自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式作状语，介词in后接宾语“成绩下降”lower academic performance。故翻译为Her social life gets in the way of her study, resulting in lower academic performance. 3．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）由于不同的语言和文化背景，人们在交流时关注的重心往往大不相同。(depending)(汉译英) 【答案】Depending on different languages and cultural backgrounds, people often focus on different aspects during communication. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、固定短语。表示“人们”用people，作主语。表示“关注”用固定短语focus on，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语people为复数，谓语用动词原形。表示“经常”用often，作状语，修饰focus on。表示“不同的方面”用different aspects，作focus on的宾语。表示“交流时”用during communication。表示“依赖于，取决于”用固定短语depend on，此处用现在分词作独立结构；句首单词首字母大写。表示“不同的语言和文化背景”用different languages and cultural backgrounds，作Depending on的宾语。故翻译为Depending on different languages and cultural backgrounds, people often focus on different aspects during communication.   4．（23-24高二上·上海徐汇·期末）本次科技展的重头戏是一场最新科技成果的发布会。 (highlight) （汉译英） 【答案】The highlight of this technology exhibition is the launch event showcasing the latest scientific and technological achievements. 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。主语“本次科技展的重头戏”可翻译为the highlight of this technology exhibition；表示“发布会”应用the launch event，作表语；表示“一场最新科技成果”可用现在分词短语，作定语修饰launch event，为主动关系，翻译为showcasing the latest scientific and technological achievements。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为The highlight of this technology exhibition is the launch event showcasing the latest scientific and technological achievements. 5．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）出身音乐世家，她从小耳濡目染各种乐器和音乐会，难怪长大后成为了杰出的指挥兼作曲家。(expose) （汉译英） 【答案】Coming from a music family, she was exposed to various instruments and concerts from a young age, no wonder she grew up to become a distinguished conductor and composer. 【详解】考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。“出身音乐世家”翻译为come from a music family，在句中作状语，与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。“耳濡目染”用短语be exposed to；“各种乐器和音乐会”翻译为 various instruments and concerts；“从小”翻译为from a young age，“难怪”用短语no wonder；“长大”用短语grow up；“成为了杰出的指挥兼作曲家”翻译为become a distinguished conductor and composer。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Coming from a music family, she was exposed to various instruments and concerts from a young age, no wonder she grew up to become a distinguished conductor and composer. 6．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）母亲真的很担心我父亲的健康状况，要他少喝酒。(demand) (汉译英) 【答案】My mother is really concerned about my father’s physical condition, demanding he (should) drink less. 【详解】考查形容词短语，非谓语动词，虚拟语气。陈述客观事实，谓语动词应用一般现在时；主语为“母亲”，谓语动词用第三人称单数，“很担心”表达为形容词短语be concerned about，为系表结构；“健康状况”表达为名词短语physical condition，作about的宾语；根据提示，“要”表达为动词demand，作伴随状语，demand与逻辑主语mother之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，后接宾语从句，应用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”，“少喝酒”表达为动词短语drink less。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：My mother is really concerned about my father’s physical condition, demanding he (should) drink less. 7．（23-24高二上·上海青浦·期末）在耗尽所有可利用的资源之后，他们没有其他选择只得放弃原来的计划。(exhaust) (汉译英) 【答案】Having exhausted all available resources, they had no choice but to abandon their original plan. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。表示“在耗尽所有可利用的资源之后”翻译为exhaust all available resources，此处将其处理为状语，exhaust和逻辑主语they之间为主动关系，且发生在谓语动词之前，应用完成式形式having done；表示“没有其他选择只得”短语为have no choice but to，表示“放弃原来的计划”翻译为abandon their original plan。句子为一般过去时。故翻译为Having exhausted all available resources, they had no choice but to abandon their original plan. 8．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）一旦重金属污染进入食物链，将对全球生态环境造成影响，危及全人类的健康和福祉。(pose) (汉译英) 【答案】Once heavy metal contamination enters the food chain, it will pose a threat to the global ecological system, endangering the health and well-being of all humanity. 【详解】考查状语从句、非谓语动词、名词（短语）、动词（短语）和形容词。整个句子可处理为主从复合句，“一旦重金属污染进入食物链”可用once“一旦”引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，“将对全球生态环境造成影响，危及全人类的健康和福祉”为主句，用一般将来时描述将来的情况；从句的主语“重金属污染”可用名词短语heavy metal contamination，不可数，谓语“进入”可用动词enter，enter需用三单形式，宾语“食物链”可用名词短语the food chain；主句的主语可用it，指代前面提到的情况，“对……造成影响”可用动词短语pose a threat to，其宾语“全球生态环境”可用名词短语the global ecological system；“危及全人类的健康和福祉”可看作是伴随主句同时发生的行为，用分词作伴随状语，“危及”可用动词endanger，其宾语“全人类的健康和福祉”可用名词短语the health and well-being of all humanity，endanger和前面的it是主动关系，因此用endanger的现在分词形式。故可译为：Once heavy metal contamination enters the food chain, it will pose a threat to the global ecological system, endangering the health and well-being of all humanity. 9．（24-25高二上·上海青浦·期末）得益于科技的迅猛发展，在线学习越来越受欢迎，学生们得以订阅那些由全球知名教授授课的教育平台，进而拓宽自身的知识视野。 (thanks to) (汉译英) 【答案】Thanks to the rapid development of technology, online learning is becoming increasingly popular. Students are able to subscribe to educational platforms that/which offer courses taught by renowned professors from around the world, thereby broadening their knowledge horizons. 【详解】考查固定短语、时态、非谓语动词。表示“幸亏，归因于”用固定短语thanks to，句首单词首字母大写。表示“科技的迅猛发展”用the rapid development of technology，作Thanks to的宾语。表示“在线学习”用online learning，作主语。表示“变得”用become，描述正在发生的事情，时态用现在进行时，谓语用is becoming；表示“越来越受欢迎”用increasingly popular。表示“使某人能够做某事”用enable sb. to do sth.，用现在分词enabling，作状语。表示“学生们”用students，作enabling的宾语。表示“订阅”用固定短语subscribe to，用不定式，作宾补。表示“教育平台”用educational platforms，作subscribe to的宾语。表示“由全球知名教授授课的”即“提供由世界各地著名教授教授的课程”，用that引导的定语从句。定语从句中：先行词是platforms，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导；表示“提供”用offer，作谓语；表示“课程”用course的复数，作offer的宾语；表示“教”用teach，与courses为被动关系，用过去分词，作后置定语；由by引出发出动作者；表示“来自世界各地的著名教授”renowned professors from around the world。表示“从而，由此”用thereby。表示“拓宽自身的知识视野”用broaden their knowledge horizons，用现在分词，作状语。故翻译为Thanks to the rapid development of technology, online learning is becoming increasingly popular. Students are able to subscribe to educational platforms that/which offer courses taught by renowned professors from around the world, thereby broadening their knowledge horizons. 10．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）我没想到他这样自律的学生这个暑假也会沉迷网络游戏，好多作业都没动。(abandon) （汉译英） 【答案】I didn’t think that such a self-disciplined student would also abandon himself to online games this summer vacation, leaving a lot of homework untouched. 【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词和宾语从句。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。“我”为I，在句中作主语，“没想到”翻译为didn’t think，在句中作谓语动词，后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。“他这样自律的学生”翻译为such a self-disciplined student，在从句中作主语，“沉迷”用短语abandon oneself to，在句中作谓语动词；“网络游戏”翻译为online games，在从句中作宾语。“这个暑假”翻译为this summer vacation，在从句中作时间状语。“好多作业都没动”翻译为leaving a lot of homework untouched，在句中作状语。根据句意，故翻译为I didn’t think that such a self-disciplined student would also abandon himself to online games this summer vacation, leaving a lot of homework untouched. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $