专题04 选择性必修第二册Units 3～4 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高二英语上学期沪外版

该高中英语选择性必修第二册Units 3~4单元知识清单全面梳理了两单元核心语言知识，涵盖词类转换、基础词汇、高频短语、经典句型、单元写作、题型练习及易混词辨析七大范畴，为学生搭建了从“词汇形态转换”到“句式功能应用”再到“篇章规范输出”的递进式学习支架。 清单采用“单元分类+功能关联”的方式构建知识体系，如词类转换按单元整理“donate→donation→donor”等多词性变化，高频短语标注“pay it forward 让爱传递”等场景应用，助力语言能力提升。特别设计“易混词对比表”和“写作模板库”，如对比“donate/contribute/dedicate”的用法及例句培养思维品质，写作部分提供“慈善记叙文”“自然灾害说明文”范文及强调句、非限制性定语从句等句型模板，不同基础学生可高效掌握要点。教师可结合清单设计分层教学活动，学生能自主系统复习，有效提升教学与学习实效。

专题04 选择性必修第二册Units 3~4 单元词汇短语句型梳理 ( 清单 01 词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) Unit 3 1 charity n. 慈善；慈善机构 → _______ adj. 慈善的 → _______ adv. 慈善地 2 donate v. 捐赠；捐献 → _______ n. 捐赠物；捐款 → _______ n. 捐赠者 3 prompt v. 促使；导致 → _______ adv. 立刻；迅速 → _______ n. 迅速；敏捷 4 empathy n. 同感；同情 → _______ /_______ adj. 共情的 → _______ v. 产生共鸣 5 moral adj. 道德的；n. 道德 → _______ n. 道德准则；德行 → _______ adj. 不道德的 6 annoy v. 使恼怒 → _______ n. 恼怒；烦恼 → _______ adj. 感到恼怒的 → _______ adj. 令人恼怒的 7 confuse v. 使困惑 → _______ adj. 困惑的 → _______ adj. 令人困惑的 → _______ n. 困惑 8 immense adj. 极大的；巨大的 → _______ adv. 极大地；非常 9 volunteer n./v. 志愿者；自愿做 → _______ adj. 自愿的 → _______ adv. 自愿地 10 generous adj. 慷慨的 → _______ n. 慷慨；大方 → _______ adv. 慷慨地 11 contribution n. 贡献；捐赠 → _______ v. 贡献；捐献 → _______ adj. 有贡献的 12 beneficiary n. 受益者 → _______ v. 受益；有益于 /n. 益处 → _______ adj. 有益的 Unit 4 1 disaster n. 灾难；灾害 → _______ adj. 灾难性的 2 survive v. 幸存；存活 → _______ n. 幸存；存活 → _______ n. 幸存者 3 collapse v./n. 倒塌；坍塌 → _______ adj. 可折叠的 4 explode v. 爆炸；爆发 → _______ n. 爆炸 → _______ adj. 易爆的 /n. 炸药 5 bury v. 埋葬；掩埋 → _______ n. 埋葬；葬礼 6 evacuate v. 疏散；撤离 → _______ n. 疏散；撤离 7 secure adj. 安全的；v. 保护 → _______ n. 安全 → _______ adv. 安全地 8 fury n. 狂怒 → _______ adj. 猛烈的；狂怒的 → _______ adv. 猛烈地；狂怒地 9 alert adj. 警觉的；n. 警报 → _______ adv. 警觉地 → _______ n. 警觉；警惕 10 precaution n. 预防措施 → _______ adj. 预防性的 11 rescue v./n. 营救；救援 → _______ n. 救援人员 12 debris n. 碎片；残骸 → _______ adj. 无残骸的 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) Unit 3 n. 慈善；慈善机构 v. 捐赠；捐献 v. 促使；导致 n. 同感；同情 adj. 道德的 n. 道德 n. 正义；公正 adj. 难办的；棘手的 n. 补给品 v. 供应 n. 恼怒；烦恼 v. 使困惑 adj. 极大的；巨大的 adj. 普遍的；全体的 n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做 n. 贡献；捐赠 n. 受益者 adj. 慷慨的；大方的 Unit 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 n. 灾难；灾害 v. 幸存；存活 v./n. 倒塌；坍塌 v. 爆炸；爆发 v. 埋葬；掩埋 v. 疏散；撤离 adj. 安全的 v. 保护 adj. 坚固的；结实的 adj. 猛烈的；狂怒的 v. 破碎；碎裂 v. 摇摆；摇动 v./n. 营救；救援 n. 碎片；残骸 adj. 警觉的 n. 警报 n. 预防措施 n. 救援人员 ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) Unit 3 1. 考虑到；顾及______________________ 2. 倾向；偏向______________________ 3. 让爱传递______________________ 4. 向……捐赠______________________ 5. 需要……______________________ 6. 伸出援手______________________ 7. 号召；请求______________________ 8. 建立；设立______________________ 9. 筹集资金______________________ 10. 自愿参与……______________________ 11. 产生影响______________________ 12. 出于同情______________________ 13. 道德责任______________________ 14. 作为对……的回应______________________ 15. 赠送；捐赠______________________ 16. 参与；参加______________________ 17. 对……感激______________________ Unit 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 猛然打开______________________ 2. 号召；呼吁______________________ 3. 伸出；探出______________________ 4. 躲避；避难______________________ 5. 从……逃离______________________ 6. 万一；如果发生______________________ 7. 应急包______________________ 8. 生存计划______________________ 9. 急救______________________ 10. 关闭；关掉______________________ 11. 安全地点______________________ 12. 搜救______________________ 13. 清理；清除______________________ 14. 沦为废墟______________________ 15. 被困在……______________________ 16. 保持冷静______________________ 17. 警告；告诫______________________ 1. connects people and prompts them to reach out to those in need.（强调句：正是同理心让人们相连，促使大家向有需要的人伸出援手。） 2. is a great way to cultivate one’s sense of social responsibility.（-ing形式作主语：参与慈善活动是培养社会责任感的好方法。） 3.As the saying goes, but it doesn’t end there.（引用句型：俗话说“慈善始于家庭”，但不止于此。） 4. , Leo understood the importance of staying calm in disasters.（-ing形式完成式：经历过地震后，里奥明白了在灾难中保持冷静的重要性。） 5. prepare an emergency kit in case of natural disasters such as typhoons or floods.（It is+adj.+to do句型：为台风、洪水等自然灾害准备应急包至关重要。） 6.The building collapsed before the residents could evacuate, .（非限制性定语从句：居民还没来得及疏散，大楼就倒塌了，造成了巨大损失。） 7.When a disaster strikes, is to find a secure place and wait for rescue.（不定式作定语：灾难发生时，首先要做的是找到安全的地方等待救援。） 8. , some residents stayed at home.（-ing形式否定完成式：由于没有收到疏散通知，一些居民留在了家里。） ( 清单 0 5 单元写作(通用表达，范文背诵) ) Unit 1 一、单元写作任务：慈善/善举相关记叙文 本部分常考的写作话题是“记录和分享身边的慈善行为或助人经历”，要求写一篇记叙文，运用比喻、拟人、对比、具体形容词和动词等写作技巧，生动呈现善举过程、传递真挚情感。写作需细节鲜活、情感饱满、逻辑连贯，内容通常包括：1. 引出写作背景（时间、地点、事件起因）；2. 详细描述善举过程（含动作、神态、对话等细节）；3. 总结事件带来的感悟与影响。 二、亮点词汇 1. charity work 慈善工作 2. kind deed 善举 3. volunteer v./n. 志愿（者） 4. compassion n. 同情心 5. generosity n. 慷慨 6. grateful adj. 感激的 7. vivid adj. 生动的 8. simile n. 比喻 9. personification n. 拟人 10. contrast n./v. 对比；对照 11. hesitate v. 犹豫 12. glare v. 怒视 13. light up 照亮；使焕发光彩 14. humble adj. 谦逊的 15. stressed adj. 焦虑的；有压力的 16. convey v. 传递；表达 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) Last winter, I witnessed a touching kind deed in Qibao Old Town that still warms my heart whenever I think about it. 去年冬天，我在七宝老街目睹了一件感人的善举，每当想起仍觉暖心。 (2) Recently I have been recalling my first experience of doing charity work at a community center, which taught me the true meaning of giving. 最近我一直在回忆第一次在社区中心做慈善的经历，它让我懂得了付出的真谛。 (3) What impressed me most was a volunteer activity I joined last month, where we helped elderly people who lived alone. 最让我印象深刻的是上个月参加的志愿活动，我们帮助了独居老人。 (4) I used to think small kind deeds couldn’t make a difference, but a chance encounter changed my mind completely. 我以前认为小小的善举起不了多大作用，但一次偶然的相遇彻底改变了我的看法。 2. 中段常用句式 (1) As I walked along the crowded street, a fierce wind spit in my face—suddenly I noticed an elderly couple standing by the road, looking confused and anxious. 我走在拥挤的街道上，狂风迎面袭来——突然注意到一对老年夫妇站在路边，神情迷茫又焦虑。 (2) I hesitated for a moment, but their helpless eyes made me step forward. “Excuse me, do you need any help?” I asked gently. 我犹豫了一下，但他们无助的眼神让我走上前。“打扰一下，你们需要帮忙吗？”我轻声问道。 (3) The old man explained they got lost while looking for their granddaughter’s home. I took out my phone to check the address, and my hands trembled a little from the cold—yet their grateful smiles like warm fire drove away the chill. 老人解释说他们找孙女家时迷了路。我拿出手机查地址，手因寒冷微微发抖——但他们感激的笑容像温暖的火焰，驱散了寒意。 (4) Instead of ignoring their trouble, many passers-by stopped to offer help: some checked maps, others asked local shopkeepers for directions. The contrast between their initial anxiety and later relief was truly touching. 许多路人没有无视他们的困境，纷纷驻足帮忙：有人查地图，有人向当地店主问路。他们最初的焦虑与后来的释然形成的对比，着实令人感动。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, I realize that even small kind deeds can brighten others’ days—what matters is the compassion behind them. 现在，我意识到即使是小小的善举也能照亮别人的生活——重要的是背后的同情心。 (2) At present, not only have I become more willing to help others, but I also encourage my friends to join charity activities—we can make the world warmer together. 目前，我不仅更愿意帮助他人，还鼓励朋友加入慈善活动——我们一起能让世界更温暖。 (3) Thanks to that experience, I understand that giving is not about how much you offer, but about how sincerely you care. 多亏了那次经历，我明白付出不在于多少，而在于是否真心关爱。 (4) I am more than happy to share this story, hoping that more people will be inspired to do small kind deeds and spread love around. 我非常乐意分享这个故事，希望能激励更多人做些小小的善举，传递身边的爱。 四、范文背诵 A Touching Kind Deed Last winter afternoon, I was on my way home from school in Qibao Old Town when a fierce wind spit in my face. The street was crowded with tourists, and I hurried to get out of the cold—until I noticed an elderly couple standing by a street sign, looking anxious and helpless. They hesitated to ask for help, their hands clutching an old paper with a fuzzy address. I stepped forward gently: “Grandpa and Grandma, do you need help finding a place?” Their eyes lit up like stars in the dark. The grandfather explained they came to visit their granddaughter but got lost. I took out my phone to search the address, my fingers trembling a little from the cold. Just then, a shopkeeper also came over with a cup of hot water: “Drink this to warm up—this area is easy to get lost in!” With our help, the couple finally found their granddaughter’s home. Before leaving, the grandmother held my hand tightly, her palms warm despite the cold: “Thank you, young man—your kindness is like sunshine on a winter day.” That small kind deed taught me that compassion costs nothing but means everything. Now, I always keep an eye out for those in need, and I truly believe that small acts of kindness can make a big difference to the world. Unit 4 一、单元写作任务：自然灾害主题说明文 本部分常考的写作话题是“介绍某种自然灾害”，要求写一篇说明文，客观整合自然灾害的定义、成因、危害、多发地区及应对措施等核心要素。写作需信息准确、逻辑清晰、语言简洁，内容通常包括：1. 给出自然灾害的明确定义；2. 阐述其成因、主要危害及多发区域；3. 提出科学的应对措施或防护建议。 二、亮点词汇 1. natural disaster 自然灾害 2. harmful effects 危害 3. cause n./v. 成因；导致 4. evacuation route 疏散路线 5. survival kit 急救包 6. widespread destruction 大面积破坏 7. geological activity 地质活动 8. volcanic eruption 火山喷发 9. earthquake n. 地震 10. tsunami n. 海啸 11. typhoon n. 台风 12. wildfire n. 森林火灾 13. alert adj./n. 警惕的；警报 14. property damage 财产损失 15. emergency supplies 应急物资 16. disaster prevention 防灾 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) A typhoon is a powerful tropical storm with strong circular winds, which poses great threats to coastal areas. 台风是一种具有强烈旋转气流的强大热带风暴，对沿海地区构成巨大威胁。 (2) Recently I have learned a lot about natural disasters, and wildfire is one of the most destructive ones that need our attention. 最近我了解了很多关于自然灾害的知识，森林火灾是最具破坏性且需要我们关注的灾害之一。 (3) What is noteworthy is that tsunamis often occur after major geological events, and understanding their characteristics can help reduce losses. 值得注意的是，海啸常发生在重大地质事件之后，了解其特征有助于减少损失。 (4) I used to know little about avalanches, but after studying this unit, I have a clear understanding of this mountain disaster. 我以前对雪崩了解甚少，但学习本单元后，我对这种山地灾害有了清晰的认识。 2. 中段常用句式 (1) I read a scientific report that told me wildfires can be caused by both natural factors like lightning and human activities such as careless use of fire. 我读过一份科学报告，其中提到森林火灾的成因既包括闪电等自然因素，也包括用火不慎等人为活动。 (2) The harmful effects of typhoons are widespread: they can blow down trees, destroy buildings, and cause severe flooding in coastal regions. 台风的危害十分广泛：它们会吹倒树木、摧毁建筑物，并在沿海地区引发严重洪水。 (3) Most earthquakes happen in geologically active areas like the Pacific "Ring of Fire," where tectonic plate movements are frequent. 大多数地震发生在太平洋“火环”等地质活跃区域，那里的板块运动十分频繁。 (4) Instead of ignoring disaster warnings, we should learn about emergency measures: for example, preparing a survival kit with food, water and first-aid supplies. 我们不应忽视灾害警报，而应学习应急措施：例如准备装有食物、水和急救用品的生存包。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, it is clear that understanding natural disasters is crucial for disaster prevention, and everyone should master basic survival skills. 现在很明显，了解自然灾害对防灾至关重要，每个人都应掌握基本的生存技能。 (2) At present, not only do we need to learn about the causes and effects of natural disasters, but we also should follow official guidelines when facing emergencies. 目前，我们不仅需要了解自然灾害的成因和影响，还应在面临紧急情况时遵循官方指导。 (3) Thanks to scientific research, we have more effective ways to predict and respond to natural disasters, which can greatly reduce losses. 多亏了科学研究，我们有了更有效的方法来预测和应对自然灾害，这能显著减少损失。 (4) I am more than happy to share this knowledge, hoping that more people will raise their awareness of disaster prevention and protection. 我非常乐意分享这些知识，希望更多人提高防灾避险意识。 四、范文背诵 Typhoon A typhoon is a powerful tropical storm characterized by strong circular winds and heavy rainfall, mainly forming over the warm waters of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. It is one of the most common and destructive natural disasters in coastal areas. Typhoons are caused by warm sea surfaces that provide enough energy for their formation. When a typhoon makes landfall, its strong winds can blow down trees and buildings, while heavy rain often leads to flooding and landslides, resulting in serious property damage and even loss of lives. Most typhoons occur between June and November, with coastal regions of East and Southeast Asia being the most affected areas. To deal with typhoons, people in high-risk areas should stay alert to weather warnings and prepare emergency supplies like food, water and flashlights. It is also essential to plan evacuation routes in advance and avoid staying in low-lying or unsafe buildings during the storm. By taking these measures, we can effectively reduce the risks brought by typhoons. ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.Many people show their ________ (同情) for the victims of the flood by donating money and materials. 2.It is our ________ (道德的) responsibility to help those in need. 3.The government took immediate action to provide ________ (补给品) for the disaster-stricken area. 4.We should always keep ________ (警觉的) to the potential risks of natural disasters. 5.The ________ (幸存者) of the earthquake were rescued by the search and rescue team. 6.She felt a strong sense of ________ (成就感) after participating in the charity activity. 7.The building ________ (倒塌) in the earthquake because it was not built strongly enough. 8.We need to take ________ (预防措施) to reduce the damage caused by typhoons. 9.He ________ (捐赠) a large number of books to the rural school last year. 10.The ________ (爆炸) of the gas pipeline caused great damage to the nearby buildings. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 2.________ (finish) the charity project, they held a celebration party to share their joy. 3.The old temple avoided ________ (damage) in the storm thanks to the timely protection. 4.It is no use ________ (argue) with him about the importance of disaster prevention. 5.________ (she win) the charity award surprised all her classmates and teachers. 6.The emergency supplies need ________ (check) regularly to ensure they are in good condition. 7.Not ________ (receive) the evacuation notice, some residents were trapped in the building. 8.________ (volunteer) for charity work has made him a more caring person. 9.By the time the rescuers arrived, the survivors ________ (wait) for help for over 24 hours. 10.The reason why he was praised is his ________ (devote) to charity work for many years. 11.She couldn’t help ________ (cry) when she heard the touching story of the disaster survivors. ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1.________________________ (正是他的慈善捐赠) helped many poor children go back to school.（用强调句） 2.________________________ (为自然灾害做准备) is essential for everyone.（用-ing形式作主语） 3.________________________ (经历过一次洪水后)，he learned how to protect himself in disasters.（用-ing形式完成式） 4.The charity event, ________________________ (由学生们组织的)，raised a lot of money for the disabled.（用非限制性定语从句） 5.It is crucial that ________________________ (我们定期检查应急物资) to ensure their usability.（用It is crucial that...句型） 6.When a typhoon comes, ________________________ (首先要做的是) find a secure place to take shelter.（用不定式作定语） 7.________________________ (由于没有足够的补给品)，the survivors had to wait for rescue patiently.（用-ing形式否定式） 8.These old buildings ________________________ (需要被加固) to resist earthquakes.（用主动表被动） 9.________________________ (随着越来越多的人参与慈善活动)，the world is becoming warmer and warmer.（用with复合结构） 10.By the time the charity campaign ended, ________________________ (我们已经筹集了超过10万元) for the disaster-stricken area.（用过去完成时） 易混词 用法及例句 donate / contribute / dedicate donate（v. 捐赠；捐献）：侧重“无偿捐赠财物给需要的人或组织”，常用搭配donate sth. to sb./sth.。 例：She donated 10,000 yuan to the charity for homeless children. contribute（v. 贡献；捐献）：侧重“为目标贡献力量、时间或财物”，常用搭配contribute to sth.。 例：Everyone should contribute to environmental protection. dedicate（v. 奉献；致力于）：侧重“将时间、精力献给崇高目标”，语气庄重，常用搭配dedicate oneself to sth.。 例：He dedicated his life to charity work. survive / endure / bear survive（v. 幸存；存活）：侧重“在灾难、疾病中存活下来”，常用搭配survive sth./survive from sth.。 例：Only a few people survived the severe flood. endure（v. 忍受；承受）：侧重“主动长期忍受痛苦、困难”，强调毅力。 例：The victims endured great hardship after the earthquake. bear（v. 承受；忍受）：通用用语，可接痛苦、压力等，语气口语化，常用搭配bear sth./bear to do sth.。 例：She can’t bear the pain of losing her family in the disaster. secure / safe / reliable secure（adj. 安全的；稳固的）：侧重“没有危险、不易受到攻击或损坏”，强调稳定性。 例：We need to find a secure place to take shelter during the typhoon. safe（adj. 安全的；无危险的）：侧重“不会对人造成伤害”，应用范围广。 例：The children are safe now after being rescued from the collapsed building. reliable（adj. 可靠的；可信赖的）：侧重“某人或某物值得信任”。 例：This emergency kit is reliable and can be used for a long time. disaster / catastrophe disaster（n. 灾难；灾害）：侧重“造成重大损失的自然或人为灾难”，常用词。 例：The flood was a terrible disaster that destroyed many houses. catastrophe（n. 大灾难；浩劫）：侧重“规模更大、后果更严重的灾难”，语气更强。 例：The nuclear leak caused an environmental catastrophe. alert / cautious / careful alert（adj. 警觉的；警惕的）：侧重“对潜在危险快速反应”，常用搭配be alert to sth.。 例：We should be alert to the warning signs of natural disasters. cautious（adj. 谨慎的；小心的）：侧重“做事谨慎，避免出错或危险”，常用搭配be cautious about sth.。 例：He is cautious when using electrical equipment to prevent accidents. careful（adj. 小心的；仔细的）：侧重“做事认真，避免疏忽”，应用范围广。 例：Be careful when checking the emergency supplies. 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $专题04 选择性必修第二册Units 3~4 单元词汇短语句型梳理 ( 清单 01 词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) Unit 3 1.charity n. 慈善；慈善机构→charitable adj. 慈善的→charitably adv. 慈善地 2.donate v. 捐赠；捐献→donation n. 捐赠物；捐款→donor n. 捐赠者 3.prompt v. 促使；导致→promptly adv. 立刻；迅速→promptness n. 迅速；敏捷 4.empathy n. 同感；同情→empathic/empathetic adj. 共情的→empathise v. 产生共鸣 5.moral adj. 道德的 n. 道德→morality n. 道德准则；德行→immoral adj. 不道德的 6.annoy v. 使恼怒→annoyance n. 恼怒；烦恼→annoyed adj. 感到恼怒的→annoying adj. 令人恼怒的 7.confuse v. 使困惑→confused adj. 困惑的→confusing adj. 令人困惑的→confusion n. 困惑 8.immense adj. 极大的；巨大的→immensely adv. 极大地；非常 9.volunteer n./v. 志愿者；自愿做→voluntary adj. 自愿的→voluntarily adv. 自愿地 10.generous adj. 慷慨的→generosity n. 慷慨；大方→generously adv. 慷慨地 11.contribution n. 贡献；捐赠→contribute v. 贡献；捐献→contributive adj. 有贡献的 12.beneficiary n. 受益者→benefit v. 受益；有益于 n. 益处→beneficial adj. 有益的 Unit 4 1.disaster n. 灾难；灾害→disastrous adj. 灾难性的 2.survive v. 幸存；存活→survival n. 幸存；存活→survivor n. 幸存者 3.collapse v./n. 倒塌；坍塌→collapsible adj. 可折叠的 4.explode v. 爆炸；爆发→explosion n. 爆炸→explosive adj. 易爆的 n. 炸药 5.bury v. 埋葬；掩埋→burial n. 埋葬；葬礼 6.evacuate v. 疏散；撤离→evacuation n. 疏散；撤离 7.secure adj. 安全的 v. 保护→security n. 安全→securely adv. 安全地 8.fury n. 狂怒→furious adj. 猛烈的；狂怒的→furiously adv. 猛烈地；狂怒地 9.alert adj. 警觉的 n. 警报→alertly adv. 警觉地→alertness n. 警觉；警惕 10.precaution n. 预防措施→precautionary adj. 预防性的 11.rescue v./n. 营救；救援→rescuer n. 救援人员 12.debris n. 碎片；残骸→debris-free adj. 无残骸的 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) Unit 3 charity n. 慈善；慈善机构 donate v. 捐赠；捐献 prompt v. 促使；导致 empathy n. 同感；同情 moral adj. 道德的 n. 道德 justice n. 正义；公正 tricky adj. 难办的；棘手的 supply n. 补给品 v. 供应 annoyance n. 恼怒；烦恼 confuse v. 使困惑 immense adj. 极大的；巨大的 universal adj. 普遍的；全体的 volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做 contribution n. 贡献；捐赠 beneficiary n. 受益者 generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的 Unit 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 disaster n. 灾难；灾害 survive v. 幸存；存活 collapse v./n. 倒塌；坍塌 explode v. 爆炸；爆发 bury v. 埋葬；掩埋 evacuate v. 疏散；撤离 secure adj. 安全的 v. 保护 sturdy adj. 坚固的；结实的 furious adj. 猛烈的；狂怒的 shatter v. 破碎；碎裂 sway v. 摇摆；摇动 rescue v./n. 营救；救援 debris n. 碎片；残骸 alert adj. 警觉的 n. 警报 precaution n. 预防措施 rescuer n. 救援人员 ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) Unit 3 1.take into account 考虑到；顾及 2.lean towards 倾向；偏向 3.pay it forward 让爱传递 4.donate to 向……捐赠 5.in need of 需要…… 6.reach out 伸出援手 7.call on 号召；请求 8.set up 建立；设立 9.raise funds 筹集资金 10.volunteer for 自愿参与…… 11.make a difference 产生影响 12.out of empathy 出于同情 13.moral responsibility 道德责任 14.in response to 作为对……的回应 15.give away 赠送；捐赠 16.participate in 参与；参加 17.be grateful for 对……感激 Unit 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.burst open 猛然打开 2.call on 号召；呼吁 3.stick out 伸出；探出 4.take shelter 躲避；避难 5.escape from 从……逃离 6.in case of 万一；如果发生 7.emergency kit 应急包 8.survival plan 生存计划 9.first aid 急救 10.turn off 关闭；关掉 11.safe spots 安全地点 12.search and rescue 搜救 13.clear away 清理；清除 14.in ruins 沦为废墟 15.be trapped in 被困在…… 16.keep calm 保持冷静 17.warn of 警告；告诫 1.It is empathy that connects people and prompts them to reach out to those in need.（强调句：正是同理心让人们相连，促使大家向有需要的人伸出援手。） 2.Taking part in charity events is a great way to cultivate one’s sense of social responsibility.（-ing形式作主语：参与慈善活动是培养社会责任感的好方法。） 3.As the saying goes, “Charity begins at home,” but it doesn’t end there.（引用句型：俗话说“慈善始于家庭”，但不止于此。） 4.Having experienced the earthquake, Leo understood the importance of staying calm in disasters.（-ing形式完成式：经历过地震后，里奥明白了在灾难中保持冷静的重要性。） 5.It is crucial to prepare an emergency kit in case of natural disasters such as typhoons or floods.（It is+adj.+to do句型：为台风、洪水等自然灾害准备应急包至关重要。） 6.The building collapsed before the residents could evacuate, which caused great loss.（非限制性定语从句：居民还没来得及疏散，大楼就倒塌了，造成了巨大损失。） 7.When a disaster strikes, the first thing to do is to find a secure place and wait for rescue.（不定式作定语：灾难发生时，首先要做的是找到安全的地方等待救援。） 8.Not having received the evacuation notice, some residents stayed at home.（-ing形式否定完成式：由于没有收到疏散通知，一些居民留在了家里。） ( 清单 0 5 单元写作(通用表达，范文背诵) ) Unit 3 一、单元写作任务：慈善/善举相关记叙文 本部分常考的写作话题是“记录和分享身边的慈善行为或助人经历”，要求写一篇记叙文，运用比喻、拟人、对比、具体形容词和动词等写作技巧，生动呈现善举过程、传递真挚情感。写作需细节鲜活、情感饱满、逻辑连贯，内容通常包括：1. 引出写作背景（时间、地点、事件起因）；2. 详细描述善举过程（含动作、神态、对话等细节）；3. 总结事件带来的感悟与影响。 二、亮点词汇 1. charity work 慈善工作 2. kind deed 善举 3. volunteer v./n. 志愿（者） 4. compassion n. 同情心 5. generosity n. 慷慨 6. grateful adj. 感激的 7. vivid adj. 生动的 8. simile n. 比喻 9. personification n. 拟人 10. contrast n./v. 对比；对照 11. hesitate v. 犹豫 12. glare v. 怒视 13. light up 照亮；使焕发光彩 14. humble adj. 谦逊的 15. stressed adj. 焦虑的；有压力的 16. convey v. 传递；表达 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) Last winter, I witnessed a touching kind deed in Qibao Old Town that still warms my heart whenever I think about it. 去年冬天，我在七宝老街目睹了一件感人的善举，每当想起仍觉暖心。 (2) Recently I have been recalling my first experience of doing charity work at a community center, which taught me the true meaning of giving. 最近我一直在回忆第一次在社区中心做慈善的经历，它让我懂得了付出的真谛。 (3) What impressed me most was a volunteer activity I joined last month, where we helped elderly people who lived alone. 最让我印象深刻的是上个月参加的志愿活动，我们帮助了独居老人。 (4) I used to think small kind deeds couldn’t make a difference, but a chance encounter changed my mind completely. 我以前认为小小的善举起不了多大作用，但一次偶然的相遇彻底改变了我的看法。 2. 中段常用句式 (1) As I walked along the crowded street, a fierce wind spit in my face—suddenly I noticed an elderly couple standing by the road, looking confused and anxious. 我走在拥挤的街道上，狂风迎面袭来——突然注意到一对老年夫妇站在路边，神情迷茫又焦虑。 (2) I hesitated for a moment, but their helpless eyes made me step forward. “Excuse me, do you need any help?” I asked gently. 我犹豫了一下，但他们无助的眼神让我走上前。“打扰一下，你们需要帮忙吗？”我轻声问道。 (3) The old man explained they got lost while looking for their granddaughter’s home. I took out my phone to check the address, and my hands trembled a little from the cold—yet their grateful smiles like warm fire drove away the chill. 老人解释说他们找孙女家时迷了路。我拿出手机查地址，手因寒冷微微发抖——但他们感激的笑容像温暖的火焰，驱散了寒意。 (4) Instead of ignoring their trouble, many passers-by stopped to offer help: some checked maps, others asked local shopkeepers for directions. The contrast between their initial anxiety and later relief was truly touching. 许多路人没有无视他们的困境，纷纷驻足帮忙：有人查地图，有人向当地店主问路。他们最初的焦虑与后来的释然形成的对比，着实令人感动。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, I realize that even small kind deeds can brighten others’ days—what matters is the compassion behind them. 现在，我意识到即使是小小的善举也能照亮别人的生活——重要的是背后的同情心。 (2) At present, not only have I become more willing to help others, but I also encourage my friends to join charity activities—we can make the world warmer together. 目前，我不仅更愿意帮助他人，还鼓励朋友加入慈善活动——我们一起能让世界更温暖。 (3) Thanks to that experience, I understand that giving is not about how much you offer, but about how sincerely you care. 多亏了那次经历，我明白付出不在于多少，而在于是否真心关爱。 (4) I am more than happy to share this story, hoping that more people will be inspired to do small kind deeds and spread love around. 我非常乐意分享这个故事，希望能激励更多人做些小小的善举，传递身边的爱。 四、范文背诵 A Touching Kind Deed Last winter afternoon, I was on my way home from school in Qibao Old Town when a fierce wind spit in my face. The street was crowded with tourists, and I hurried to get out of the cold—until I noticed an elderly couple standing by a street sign, looking anxious and helpless. They hesitated to ask for help, their hands clutching an old paper with a fuzzy address. I stepped forward gently: “Grandpa and Grandma, do you need help finding a place?” Their eyes lit up like stars in the dark. The grandfather explained they came to visit their granddaughter but got lost. I took out my phone to search the address, my fingers trembling a little from the cold. Just then, a shopkeeper also came over with a cup of hot water: “Drink this to warm up—this area is easy to get lost in!” With our help, the couple finally found their granddaughter’s home. Before leaving, the grandmother held my hand tightly, her palms warm despite the cold: “Thank you, young man—your kindness is like sunshine on a winter day.” That small kind deed taught me that compassion costs nothing but means everything. Now, I always keep an eye out for those in need, and I truly believe that small acts of kindness can make a big difference to the world. Unit 4 一、单元写作任务：自然灾害主题说明文 本部分常考的写作话题是“介绍某种自然灾害”，要求写一篇说明文，客观整合自然灾害的定义、成因、危害、多发地区及应对措施等核心要素。写作需信息准确、逻辑清晰、语言简洁，内容通常包括：1. 给出自然灾害的明确定义；2. 阐述其成因、主要危害及多发区域；3. 提出科学的应对措施或防护建议。 二、亮点词汇 1. natural disaster 自然灾害 2. harmful effects 危害 3. cause n./v. 成因；导致 4. evacuation route 疏散路线 5. survival kit 急救包 6. widespread destruction 大面积破坏 7. geological activity 地质活动 8. volcanic eruption 火山喷发 9. earthquake n. 地震 10. tsunami n. 海啸 11. typhoon n. 台风 12. wildfire n. 森林火灾 13. alert adj./n. 警惕的；警报 14. property damage 财产损失 15. emergency supplies 应急物资 16. disaster prevention 防灾 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) A typhoon is a powerful tropical storm with strong circular winds, which poses great threats to coastal areas. 台风是一种具有强烈旋转气流的强大热带风暴，对沿海地区构成巨大威胁。 (2) Recently I have learned a lot about natural disasters, and wildfire is one of the most destructive ones that need our attention. 最近我了解了很多关于自然灾害的知识，森林火灾是最具破坏性且需要我们关注的灾害之一。 (3) What is noteworthy is that tsunamis often occur after major geological events, and understanding their characteristics can help reduce losses. 值得注意的是，海啸常发生在重大地质事件之后，了解其特征有助于减少损失。 (4) I used to know little about avalanches, but after studying this unit, I have a clear understanding of this mountain disaster. 我以前对雪崩了解甚少，但学习本单元后，我对这种山地灾害有了清晰的认识。 2. 中段常用句式 (1) I read a scientific report that told me wildfires can be caused by both natural factors like lightning and human activities such as careless use of fire. 我读过一份科学报告，其中提到森林火灾的成因既包括闪电等自然因素，也包括用火不慎等人为活动。 (2) The harmful effects of typhoons are widespread: they can blow down trees, destroy buildings, and cause severe flooding in coastal regions. 台风的危害十分广泛：它们会吹倒树木、摧毁建筑物，并在沿海地区引发严重洪水。 (3) Most earthquakes happen in geologically active areas like the Pacific "Ring of Fire," where tectonic plate movements are frequent. 大多数地震发生在太平洋“火环”等地质活跃区域，那里的板块运动十分频繁。 (4) Instead of ignoring disaster warnings, we should learn about emergency measures: for example, preparing a survival kit with food, water and first-aid supplies. 我们不应忽视灾害警报，而应学习应急措施：例如准备装有食物、水和急救用品的生存包。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, it is clear that understanding natural disasters is crucial for disaster prevention, and everyone should master basic survival skills. 现在很明显，了解自然灾害对防灾至关重要，每个人都应掌握基本的生存技能。 (2) At present, not only do we need to learn about the causes and effects of natural disasters, but we also should follow official guidelines when facing emergencies. 目前，我们不仅需要了解自然灾害的成因和影响，还应在面临紧急情况时遵循官方指导。 (3) Thanks to scientific research, we have more effective ways to predict and respond to natural disasters, which can greatly reduce losses. 多亏了科学研究，我们有了更有效的方法来预测和应对自然灾害，这能显著减少损失。 (4) I am more than happy to share this knowledge, hoping that more people will raise their awareness of disaster prevention and protection. 我非常乐意分享这些知识，希望更多人提高防灾避险意识。 四、范文背诵 Typhoon A typhoon is a powerful tropical storm characterized by strong circular winds and heavy rainfall, mainly forming over the warm waters of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. It is one of the most common and destructive natural disasters in coastal areas. Typhoons are caused by warm sea surfaces that provide enough energy for their formation. When a typhoon makes landfall, its strong winds can blow down trees and buildings, while heavy rain often leads to flooding and landslides, resulting in serious property damage and even loss of lives. Most typhoons occur between June and November, with coastal regions of East and Southeast Asia being the most affected areas. To deal with typhoons, people in high-risk areas should stay alert to weather warnings and prepare emergency supplies like food, water and flashlights. It is also essential to plan evacuation routes in advance and avoid staying in low-lying or unsafe buildings during the storm. By taking these measures, we can effectively reduce the risks brought by typhoons. ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.Many people show their ___sympathy___ (同情) for the victims of the flood by donating money and materials. 2.It is our ___moral___ (道德的) responsibility to help those in need. 3.The government took immediate action to provide ___supplies___ (补给品) for the disaster-stricken area. 4.We should always keep ___alert___ (警觉的) to the potential risks of natural disasters. 5.The ___survivors___ (幸存者) of the earthquake were rescued by the search and rescue team. 6.She felt a strong sense of ___achievement___ (成就感) after participating in the charity activity. 7.The building ___collapsed___ (倒塌) in the earthquake because it was not built strongly enough. 8.We need to take ___precautions___ (预防措施) to reduce the damage caused by typhoons. 9.He ___donated___ (捐赠) a large number of books to the rural school last year. 10.The ___explosion___ (爆炸) of the gas pipeline caused great damage to the nearby buildings. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 2.___Having finished___ (finish) the charity project, they held a celebration party to share their joy. 3.The old temple avoided ___being damaged___ (damage) in the storm thanks to the timely protection. 4.It is no use ___arguing___ (argue) with him about the importance of disaster prevention. 5.___That she won___ (she win) the charity award surprised all her classmates and teachers. 6.The emergency supplies need ___checking___ (check) regularly to ensure they are in good condition. 7.Not ___having received___ (receive) the evacuation notice, some residents were trapped in the building. 8.___Volunteering___ (volunteer) for charity work has made him a more caring person. 9.By the time the rescuers arrived, the survivors ___had been waiting___ (wait) for help for over 24 hours. 10.The reason why he was praised is his ___devotion___ (devote) to charity work for many years. 11.She couldn’t help ___crying___ (cry) when she heard the touching story of the disaster survivors. ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1.___It was his charitable donation that___ (正是他的慈善捐赠) helped many poor children go back to school.（用强调句） 2.___Preparing for natural disasters___ (为自然灾害做准备) is essential for everyone.（用-ing形式作主语） 3.___Having experienced a flood___ (经历过一次洪水后)，he learned how to protect himself in disasters.（用-ing形式完成式） 4.The charity event, ___which was organized by the students___ (由学生们组织的)，raised a lot of money for the disabled.（用非限制性定语从句） 5.It is crucial that ___we (should) check emergency supplies regularly___ (我们定期检查应急物资) to ensure their usability.（用It is crucial that...句型） 6.When a typhoon comes, ___the first thing to do is to___ (首先要做的是) find a secure place to take shelter.（用不定式作定语） 7.___Not having enough supplies___ (由于没有足够的补给品)，the survivors had to wait for rescue patiently.（用-ing形式否定式） 8.These old buildings ___need reinforcing___ (需要被加固) to resist earthquakes.（用主动表被动） 9.___With more and more people participating in charity activities___ (随着越来越多的人参与慈善活动)，the world is becoming warmer and warmer.（用with复合结构） 10.By the time the charity campaign ended, ___we had raised over 100,000 yuan___ (我们已经筹集了超过10万元) for the disaster-stricken area.（用过去完成时） 易混词 用法及例句 donate / contribute / dedicate donate（v. 捐赠；捐献）：侧重“无偿捐赠财物给需要的人或组织”，常用搭配donate sth. to sb./sth.。 例：She donated 10,000 yuan to the charity for homeless children. contribute（v. 贡献；捐献）：侧重“为目标贡献力量、时间或财物”，常用搭配contribute to sth.。 例：Everyone should contribute to environmental protection. dedicate（v. 奉献；致力于）：侧重“将时间、精力献给崇高目标”，语气庄重，常用搭配dedicate oneself to sth.。 例：He dedicated his life to charity work. survive / endure / bear survive（v. 幸存；存活）：侧重“在灾难、疾病中存活下来”，常用搭配survive sth./survive from sth.。 例：Only a few people survived the severe flood. endure（v. 忍受；承受）：侧重“主动长期忍受痛苦、困难”，强调毅力。 例：The victims endured great hardship after the earthquake. bear（v. 承受；忍受）：通用用语，可接痛苦、压力等，语气口语化，常用搭配bear sth./bear to do sth.。 例：She can’t bear the pain of losing her family in the disaster. secure / safe / reliable secure（adj. 安全的；稳固的）：侧重“没有危险、不易受到攻击或损坏”，强调稳定性。 例：We need to find a secure place to take shelter during the typhoon. safe（adj. 安全的；无危险的）：侧重“不会对人造成伤害”，应用范围广。 例：The children are safe now after being rescued from the collapsed building. reliable（adj. 可靠的；可信赖的）：侧重“某人或某物值得信任”。 例：This emergency kit is reliable and can be used for a long time. disaster / catastrophe disaster（n. 灾难；灾害）：侧重“造成重大损失的自然或人为灾难”，常用词。 例：The flood was a terrible disaster that destroyed many houses. catastrophe（n. 大灾难；浩劫）：侧重“规模更大、后果更严重的灾难”，语气更强。 例：The nuclear leak caused an environmental catastrophe. alert / cautious / careful alert（adj. 警觉的；警惕的）：侧重“对潜在危险快速反应”，常用搭配be alert to sth.。 例：We should be alert to the warning signs of natural disasters. cautious（adj. 谨慎的；小心的）：侧重“做事谨慎，避免出错或危险”，常用搭配be cautious about sth.。 例：He is cautious when using electrical equipment to prevent accidents. careful（adj. 小心的；仔细的）：侧重“做事认真，避免疏忽”，应用范围广。 例：Be careful when checking the emergency supplies. $