专题03 选择性必修第二册Units 1～2 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高二英语上学期沪外版

该高中英语知识清单聚焦选择性必修第二册Units 1~2，系统梳理词类转换、核心词汇、短语、句型、写作任务及词汇练习等内容，以“基础词汇—短语应用—句型拓展—写作实践”为学习支架，搭建单元复习体系。 清单通过分单元分类呈现知识，设易混词辨析表（如survive/endure/persist用法对比）、写作模板与范文，培养语言能力和思维品质。词类转换标注“举一反三”提示，句型配应用场景例句，助力学生精准掌握，便利自主学习，辅助教师高效教学。

专题03 选择性必修第二册Units 1~2 单元词汇短语句型梳理 清单 01 词类转换(变出精彩，举一反三) Unit 1 1.scientist n. 科学家→science n. 科学→scientific adj. 科学的→scientifically adv. 科学地 2.survive v. 幸存；存活→survival n. 幸存→survivor n. 幸存者 3.rescue v./n. 营救；救援→rescuer n. 营救者 4.abandon v. 抛弃；放弃→abandoned adj. 被遗弃的→abandonment n. 放弃 5.disaster n. 灾难；灾祸→disastrous adj. 灾难性的 6.devote v. 致力于；奉献→devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的→devotion n. 奉献 7.desperate adj. 绝望的→desperately adv. 绝望地→desperation n. 绝望 8.unfortunate adj. 不幸的→unfortunately adv. 不幸地→fortune n. 运气 9.breakthrough n. 突破；重大进展→break through v. 突破；突围 10.crucial adj. 至关重要的→crucially adv. 关键地 11.pioneer n. 先驱；开拓者→pioneer v. 开拓；开创 12.elevate v. 提高；抬高→elevated adj. 高的；升高的→elevation n. 高度 Unit 2 1.language n. 语言→linguistic adj. 语言的→linguist n. 语言学家 2.mind n. 思维；v. 介意→mental adj. 精神的；心理的→mentally adv. 精神上 3.impact n./v. 影响；冲击→impactful adj. 有影响力的 4.blame v./n. 责怪；责任→blameless adj. 无过错的→blameworthy adj. 该受责备的 5.brilliant adj. 聪颖的→brilliantly adv. 出色地 6.enhance v. 提高；增强→enhancement n. 增强；改进 7.cognitive adj. 认知的→cognition n. 认知 8.distract v. 使分心→distracting adj. 分心的→distraction n. 分心的事物 9.correspond v. 符合；相应→corresponding adj. 相应的→correspondence n. 通信；相似 10.preserve v. 保护→preservation n. 保护→preservative adj. 防腐的 11.considerable adj. 相当多的；重要的→considerably adv. 相当地 12.trick n. 技巧；诡计；v. 欺骗→tricky adj. 棘手的；狡猾的 Unit 1 1. scientist n. 科学家 2. biologist n. 生物学家 3. explorer n. 探索者 4. pioneer n. 先驱；开拓者 5. survive v. 幸存；存活 6. rescue v./n. 营救；救援 7. abandon v. 抛弃；放弃 8. devote v. 致力于；奉献 9. struggle v./n. 挣扎；奋斗 10. desperate adj. 绝望的 11. unfortunate adj. 不幸的 12. vital adj. 至关重要的 13. countless adj. 无数的 14. high adj. 高的；升高的 15. disaster n. 灾难；灾祸 16. hardship n. 艰难；困苦 17. breakthrough n. 突破；重大进展 18. allergic reaction n. 过敏反应 Unit 2 1. language n. 语言 2. mind n. 思维；头脑 3. soul n. 灵魂；心灵 4. reality n. 现实；实际情况 5. cognition n. 认知 6. enhance v. 提高；增强 7. distract v. 使分心 8. target v. 以…… 为目标 9. correspond v. 符合；相应 10. protect v. 保护 11. intelligent adj. 聪颖的 12. considerable adj. 相当多的 13. distracted adj. 分心的 14. corresponding adj. 相应的 15. impact n./v. 影响；冲击 16. blame v./n. 责怪；责任 17. trick n./v. 技巧；诡计 18. linguistic diversity n. 语言多样性 Unit 1 1.devote to 致力于；奉献给 2.take on 承担；接受 3.in spite of 尽管；不管 4.pull through 渡过难关 5.set out/off 出发；启程 6.in danger 处于危险中 7.rescue sb. from 从……营救某人 8.struggle for 为生存而挣扎 9.freeze to death 冻死 10.take shelter 躲避；避难 11.set up camp 扎营 12.at risk 处于危险中 13.make it 成功；做到 14.hold on 坚持；继续 15.come across 偶然遇到 16.in search of 寻找；搜寻 17.fight against 与……作斗争 Unit 2 1.beg the question 令人置疑；引起疑问 2.on the other hand 另一方面 3.have an impact on 对……产生影响 4.get in the way of 妨碍；阻碍 5.open up 拓展；打开 6.nothing short of 无异于；近乎 7.filter out 过滤掉；筛除 8.tune out distractions 排除干扰 9.delay the aging of 延缓……的衰老 10.develop the brain 健脑；开发大脑 11.shape the way we think 塑造我们的思维方式 12.a variety of 各种各样的 13.be worth learning 值得学习 14.global mindset 全球思维 15.deepening understanding 加深理解 16.form a perspective 形成视角 17.linguistic diversity 语言多样性 1.Despite all the hardships, the scientist never regretted being devoted to his research, which inspired thousands of young people.（尽管历经艰辛，这位科学家从未后悔投身研究，这激励了成千上万的年轻人。） 2.What impresses me most about Stephen Hawking is his perseverance in the face of illness.（霍金最让我敬佩的是他面对疾病时的坚韧。） 3.The reason why many scientists can achieve great success is that they have a strong passion for their career.（许多科学家能取得巨大成功的原因是他们对事业有着强烈的热爱。） 4.Rosalind Franklin’s story shows that gender inequality can never stop those who are determined to pursue science.（罗莎琳·富兰克林的故事表明，性别歧视永远无法阻挡那些决心追求科学的人。） 5.What has been debated for centuries is whether language shapes the way we think.（几个世纪以来争论不休的是，语言是否会塑造我们的思维方式。） 6.It is universally acknowledged that learning a new language can enhance cognitive abilities.（众所周知，学习一门新语言能提升认知能力。） 7.The reason why bilingual people are better at multitasking is that switching between languages strengthens the brain.（双语者更擅长多任务处理的原因是，语言切换能锻炼大脑。） 8.Languages not only reflect culture but also influence how we perceive the world, as shown in the example of color description.（语言不仅反映文化，还影响我们感知世界的方式，颜色描述的例子就说明了这一点。） Unit 4 一、单元写作任务：科学探索个人经历描述性写作 本部分常考的写作话题是“描述科学探索相关的个人经历”，要求写一篇描述文，通过具体场景、感官细节（视、听、嗅、触、味）和对话，展现科学探索的过程、个人情感与态度品质。写作需细节生动、画面感强、情感真挚，内容通常包括：1. 点明写作对象（科学实验、科技馆参观、科学讲座等）及核心感受；2. 结合感官细节与对话描述具体过程；3. 总结探索收获与感悟。 二、亮点词汇 1. scientific exploration 科学探索 2. sensory details 感官细节 3. experiment n./v. 实验；做实验 4. science museum 科技馆 5. scientific lecture 科学讲座 6. fascination n. 着迷；吸引力 7. curiosity n. 好奇心 8. vivid adj. 生动的 9. observe v. 观察 10. discover v. 发现 11. interact v. 互动 12. awe n. 敬畏 13. enthusiasm n. 热情 14. precise adj. 精确的 15. dialogue n. 对话 16. scientific achievement 科学成就 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) My experience of doing a chemistry experiment last month left a deep impression on me and sparked my enthusiasm for science. 上个月做化学实验的经历给我留下了深刻印象，也点燃了我对科学的热情。 (2) Recently I have been recalling my visit to the city’s science museum, where every exhibit filled me with awe and curiosity. 最近我一直在回忆参观市科技馆的经历，那里的每一件展品都让我充满敬畏与好奇。 (3) What fascinated me most was a physics experiment I participated in at school, which made abstract theories become tangible. 最让我着迷的是在学校参与的一项物理实验，它让抽象的理论变得触手可及。 (4) I used to find science boring, but a science lecture given by a famous scientist completely changed my attitude. 我以前觉得科学很枯燥，但一位著名科学家的讲座彻底改变了我的看法。 2. 中段常用句式 (1) As I mixed the two liquids, I saw a bright blue foam bubbling up, and I could smell a faint, sweet scent—my classmates and I couldn’t help exclaiming, “It’s amazing!” 当我把两种液体混合时，看到明亮的蓝色泡沫冒了出来，还能闻到一股淡淡的甜味——我和同学们忍不住惊呼：“太神奇了！” (2) I read a guidebook that told me the planetarium’s HD projections would show the Milky Way vividly. Sure enough, when the lights went out, I felt as if I were floating in space, surrounded by twinkling stars. 我读过一本指南，上面说天文馆的高清投影会生动展示银河。果然，灯光熄灭时，我感觉自己仿佛漂浮在太空中，被闪烁的星星环绕。 (3) The scientist asked with a smile, “Have you noticed how the pendulum swings at the same speed?” I touched the smooth metal string and replied, “Yes! But why doesn’t its speed change?” He then explained the principle of gravity in simple terms. 那位科学家笑着问：“你们注意到钟摆摆动的速度是一样的吗？”我摸了摸光滑的金属绳，回答道：“注意到了！但为什么它的速度不变呢？”随后他用通俗的语言解释了重力原理。 (4) Instead of just watching, we got to operate the robot arm ourselves. When I pressed the button, I felt the slight vibration of the machine, and heard the soft whir as it picked up the small cube—my heart raced with excitement. 我们不只是观看，还亲自操作了机械臂。当我按下按钮时，感受到了机器轻微的震动，还听到了它拿起小立方体时柔和的嗡嗡声——我的心兴奋地怦怦直跳。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, I realize that science is not just formulas and theories—it’s full of surprises and fun that can be felt through hands-on experience. 现在，我意识到科学不只是公式和理论——它充满了惊喜与乐趣，通过亲身体验就能感受到。 (2) At present, not only have I learned valuable scientific knowledge, but I also developed a more curious and persistent attitude towards exploration. 目前，我不仅学到了宝贵的科学知识，还培养了对探索更好奇、更执着的态度。 (3) Thanks to this experience, I have fallen in love with science. I will definitely take part in more scientific activities and keep exploring the mysteries of the world. 多亏了这次经历，我爱上了科学。我一定会参加更多科学活动，继续探索世界的奥秘。 (4) I am more than happy to share this unforgettable experience, as it taught me that curiosity and practice are the keys to understanding science. 我非常乐意分享这段难忘的经历，因为它让我明白，好奇心和实践是理解科学的关键。 四、范文背诵 My visit to the City Science Museum last weekend was an unforgettable journey of exploration that ignited my passion for science. As I stepped into the physics exhibition hall, the first thing that caught my eye was a huge pendulum swinging steadily. I reached out and touched its cold, smooth surface—its gentle vibration made me curious. “Why does it swing without stopping for so long?” I asked a guide nearby. He smiled and replied, “It’s because of inertia and gravity—they work together to keep it moving!” Then, I walked to the sound wave exhibit: when I spoke into the microphone, colorful lights danced in time with my voice, and I could hear my tone echoing softly. The most exciting part was the chemistry corner, where I saw a scientist demonstrate a reaction—red liquid turned green in an instant, and a faint citrus scent filled the air. “That’s the magic of chemical bonds,” he explained, and we all cheered. At present, not only have I learned interesting scientific knowledge, but I also realized that science is all around us. This experience taught me to observe carefully and ask more questions. I can’t wait to explore more scientific mysteries in the future! Unit 2 一、单元写作任务：语言学习相关论点与反方论点议论文 本部分常考的写作话题是“围绕语言学习的争议性问题展开论述”（如是否应学习多种外语、母语对第二语言学习的影响等），要求写一篇议论文，清晰呈现核心论点、反方论点及对应支撑细节。写作需逻辑严谨、论据相关且具体，内容通常包括：1. 引出争议话题，明确自身核心论点；2. 陈述反方论点及支撑理由；3. 反驳反方并强化自身论点的合理性；4. 总结升华。 二、亮点词汇 1. multilingualism n. 多语言能力 2. linguistic diversity 语言多样性 3. claim n./v. 论点；声称 4. counterclaim n./v. 反方论点；反驳 5. supporting detail 支撑细节 6. international communication 国际交流 7. cultural exchange 文化交流 8. academic performance 学业表现 9. cognitive ability 认知能力 10. linguistic barrier 语言障碍 11. prioritize v. 优先考虑 12. proficient adj. 熟练的 13. relevant adj. 相关的 14. unbiased adj. 无偏见的 15. persuade v. 说服 16. strengthen v. 强化 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) There is a heated debate over whether high school students should learn more than one foreign language, and different people hold opposite views. 关于高中生是否应该学习一门以上的外语，存在着激烈的争论，不同的人持有相反的观点。 (2) Recently I have been thinking about the question “Is English the only foreign language worth learning?”, and I firmly believe that linguistic diversity matters a lot. 最近我一直在思考“英语是唯一值得学习的外语吗？”这个问题，我坚信语言多样性至关重要。 (3) What is controversial is that some people argue that learning multiple languages burdens students, but I hold the opposite opinion. 有争议的是，一些人认为学习多种语言会给学生带来负担，但我持相反观点。 (4) I used to agree that English is sufficient for international communication, but now I realize the value of learning other languages. 我以前同意英语足以应对国际交流，但现在我意识到学习其他语言的价值。 2. 中段常用句式 （1）陈述反方论点及支撑细节 (1) One may think that learning an additional foreign language will occupy too much time, affecting students’ academic performance in other subjects. 有人可能认为学习另一门外语会占用太多时间，影响学生其他科目的学业表现。 (2) Some people claim that English is widely used globally, so there is no need to learn other languages—this seems reasonable at first glance. 一些人声称英语在全球广泛使用，因此没有必要学习其他语言——这乍一看似乎合理。 (3) I read an article that told some parents are in favor of focusing only on English, as they believe it can better help their children in future careers. 我读过一篇文章，一些家长支持只专注于英语，因为他们认为这能更好地帮助孩子未来的职业发展。 （2）阐述自身论点及支撑细节 (1) However, I would argue that learning multiple languages can enhance students’ cognitive abilities, such as memory and logical thinking. 然而，我认为学习多种语言能提升学生的认知能力，比如记忆力和逻辑思维能力。 (2) It might be true that English is widely used, but when you look at the facts, many international organizations and cultural exchanges require other languages like French or Spanish. 英语被广泛使用可能是事实，但审视现实会发现，许多国际组织和文化交流需要法语、西班牙语等其他语言。 (3) Instead of being a burden, learning another language enriches students’ cultural horizons—for example, learning French allows them to appreciate world-famous literary works in the original. 学习另一门语言并非负担，反而能丰富学生的文化视野——比如，学习法语能让他们欣赏原版的世界名著。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, it is clear that learning multiple languages is not a burden but a valuable investment, which benefits students’ personal and academic growth. 现在很明显，学习多种语言不是负担，而是宝贵的投资，有利于学生的个人成长和学业发展。 (2) At present, not only do we need to recognize the importance of English, but we also should not ignore the value of other languages—linguistic diversity opens more doors. 目前，我们不仅要认识到英语的重要性，也不应忽视其他语言的价值——语言多样性能打开更多大门。 (3) Thanks to the above analysis, I firmly believe that high schools should offer more foreign language courses to meet students’ diverse needs. 通过以上分析，我坚信高中应该开设更多外语课程，以满足学生的多样化需求。 (4) I am more than happy to see that more people are realizing the significance of multilingualism, and I hope this trend will continue. 我非常高兴看到越来越多的人意识到多语言能力的重要性，希望这一趋势能持续下去。 四、范文背诵 Is English the Only Foreign Language Worth Learning? There is a heated debate over whether high school students should learn only English or additional foreign languages. Some people claim that English is widely used in international communication, so there is no need to learn other languages—this will only burden students with heavy study tasks. However, I firmly believe that learning other foreign languages is of great value. First of all, every language is a key to a unique culture. For example, learning French allows us to appreciate classic literary works by Hugo and Balzac in their original form, and understand the charm of French art and customs. Secondly, mastering multiple languages enhances cognitive abilities—studies show that multilingual learners have better memory and logical thinking skills. It might be true that English is important, but when you look at the facts, many international jobs and cultural exchanges require proficiency in other languages like Spanish or Japanese. At present, not only do we need to grasp English, but we also should embrace linguistic diversity. Learning additional foreign languages is not a burden but an investment in the future. I hope high schools can offer more foreign language courses to help students broaden their horizons and achieve more in the globalized world. 根据汉语和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.The ___biologist___ (生物学家) spent years studying the behavior of rare animals in the rainforest. 2.After the ___disaster___ (灾难), many volunteers came to rescue the trapped people. 3.Her ___devotion___ (奉献) to teaching has inspired thousands of students. 4.The new discovery is a major ___breakthrough___ (突破) in medical science. 5.Language ___shapes___ (塑造) the way we think and perceive the world. 6.It is ___crucial___ (至关重要的) to protect linguistic diversity in the modern world. 7.The scientist ___abandoned___ (抛弃) his comfortable life to pursue his research in remote areas. 8.Learning a foreign language can ___enhance___ (增强) our cognitive abilities. 9.He felt ___desperate___ (绝望的) when he failed the experiment for the tenth time. 10.The ___impact___ (影响) of climate change on wildlife is becoming more and more obvious. 1.The ___inspiring___ (inspire) story of the scientist made all the students determined to study hard. 2.What impresses us most is his ___devotion___ (devote) to his career. 3.It is not clear ___whether___ (whether/that) the new policy will be carried out next month. 4.The reason why she succeeded is ___that___ she never gave up in the face of difficulties. 5.The ___interesting___ (interest) book has attracted a lot of young readers. 6.He was ___disappointed___ (disappoint) when he heard the news of the experiment failure. 7.___Mastering___ (master) a foreign language helps us communicate with people from different cultures. 8.The ___discovery___ (discover) of the new planet has excited the whole scientific community. 9.It is ___universally___ (universal) acknowledged that education plays an important role in personal development. 10.The team’s ___persistence___ (persist) finally led to the success of the project. 1.___What we admire most___ is his great contribution to environmental protection.（让我们敬佩的是他对环境保护的巨大贡献。） 2.The reason why he can achieve great success ___is that he always devotes himself entirely to his work___.（他能取得巨大成功的原因是他总是全身心投入工作。） 3.___It is well-known that___ many people are learning foreign languages now.（众所周知，现在很多人都在学习外语。） 4.Languages not only ___reflect culture___ but also help us make more friends.（语言不仅反映文化，还帮助我们交到更多朋友。） 5.Despite all the hardships, ___the explorer never gave up his dream___.（尽管历经艰辛，这位探险家从未放弃他的梦想。） 6.___What we have been arguing about___ is whether we should focus on theory or practice in study.（我们一直在争论的是在学习中我们应该注重理论还是实践。） 易混词 用法及例句 survive endure persist survive（v. 幸存；存活）：侧重“在灾难、危险中活下来”，Unit1核心词，常用搭配survive sth./survive from sth.。 例：The explorer survived the severe snowstorm in the remote mountain. 这位探险家在偏远山区的特大暴风雪中幸存下来。 例：Only a few plants survived the drought in the experimental field. 实验田里只有少数植物在干旱中存活。 endure（v. 忍受；持续）：侧重“长期忍受痛苦、困难”，强调毅力。 例：The scientist endured loneliness to conduct research in the isolated area. 这位科学家忍受孤独在偏远地区开展研究。 例：The old tradition has endured for centuries despite social changes. 尽管社会变迁，这个古老传统已延续数百年。 persist（v. 坚持；持续）：侧重“不顾阻碍坚持做某事或状态持续”。 例：He persisted in his experiment even after repeated failures. 即使多次失败，他仍坚持实验。 例：The noise persisted throughout the night, affecting the scientist’s work. 噪音整夜持续，影响了科学家的工作。 rescue save deliver rescue（v./n. 营救；救援）：侧重“在紧急危险中主动解救”，Unit1核心词，常用搭配rescue sb. from sth.。 例：The team rescued three trapped climbers from the cliff. 团队从悬崖上营救了三名被困登山者。 例：The rescue of the experimental data was a race against time. 抢救实验数据是一场与时间的赛跑。 save（v. 拯救；挽救）：通用型，可指拯救生命、财产或节省资源，语气较通俗。 例：Doctors saved the researcher’s life after the laboratory accident. 实验室事故后，医生救了这位研究者的命。 例：Using new technology can save a lot of time in data analysis. 采用新技术能节省大量数据分析时间。 deliver（v. 交付；解救）：侧重“安全交付物品或从困境中解救”，语气较正式。 例：The helicopter delivered food and medicine to the disaster-stricken area. 直升机向灾区运送了食物和药品。 例：She was delivered from danger by the rescue team. 她被救援队从危险中解救出来。 abandon give up desert abandon（v. 抛弃；放弃）：侧重“彻底放弃或遗弃，不再关心”，Unit1核心词，语气较强。 例：The scientist had to abandon the research due to lack of funds. 由于资金短缺，这位科学家不得不放弃研究。 例：No one should abandon a teammate in a difficult exploration. 探索途中不应抛弃队友。 give up（v. 放弃；停止）：通用口语化，侧重“主动停止做某事”，可接动名词。 例：He gave up smoking to keep fit for field exploration. 为了适应野外探索，他戒烟了。 例：Don’t give up easily when facing experimental difficulties. 面对实验困难不要轻易放弃。 desert（v. 抛弃；遗弃）：侧重“违背责任或承诺抛弃他人/事物”，语气较严肃。 例：The researcher deserted his post during the critical experiment. 这位研究者在关键实验期间擅离职守。 例：The old laboratory was deserted after the new building was completed. 新楼建成后，旧实验室被废弃了。 devote dedicate commit devote（v. 致力于；奉献）：侧重“投入时间、精力于目标”，Unit1核心词，常用搭配devote sth. to doing。 例：She devoted her entire life to the study of linguistic diversity. 她毕生致力于语言多样性研究。 例：The team devoted three months to improving the experimental equipment. 团队花了三个月时间改进实验设备。 dedicate（v. 奉献；献给）：侧重“将自身或成果献给崇高目标”，语气更庄重。 例：The scientist dedicated his invention to the development of his country. 这位科学家将发明献给国家发展。 例：The book is dedicated to all pioneers of scientific exploration. 这本书献给所有科学探索的先驱。 commit（v. 致力于；承诺）：侧重“对责任、目标的正式承诺”，常用搭配commit oneself to doing。 例：He committed himself to protecting rare languages from extinction. 他承诺致力于保护濒危语言。 例：The organization committed large funds to the language preservation project. 该组织为语言保护项目投入了大量资金。 desperate despairing hopeless desperate（adj. 绝望的；拼命的）：侧重“因困境而极度渴望或采取极端行动”，Unit1核心词。 例：The trapped explorer was desperate for water and food. 被困的探险家极度渴望水和食物。 例：She made a desperate attempt to save the experimental data. 她拼命尝试抢救实验数据。 despairing（adj. 绝望的；失意的）：侧重“内心充满绝望的情绪”，常用作定语或表语。 例：His despairing look after the experiment failure made his teammates sad. 实验失败后他绝望的神情让队友们很揪心。 例：She felt despairing when her language research hit a dead end. 当语言研究陷入僵局时，她感到绝望。 hopeless（adj. 无望的；不可救药的）：侧重“没有任何成功或改善的可能”。 例：It’s hopeless to continue the experiment without necessary materials. 没有必要材料，继续实验是无望的。 例：Some people think it’s hopeless to preserve dying languages, but I disagree. 有人认为保护濒危语言无望，但我不这么认为。 disaster catastrophe calamity disaster（n. 灾难；灾祸）：泛指各类自然灾害或人为灾难，程度可轻可重，Unit1核心词。 例：The flood was a terrible disaster that destroyed the experimental base. 洪水是一场可怕的灾难，摧毁了实验基地。 例：Carelessness in the lab can lead to a small disaster like an explosion. 实验室里的粗心可能引发爆炸这样的小灾难。 catastrophe（n. 大灾难；浩劫）：侧重“规模极大、后果极严重的灾难”，语气最强。 例：The volcanic eruption was a catastrophe that wiped out the nearby research station. 火山喷发是一场浩劫，摧毁了附近的研究站。 例：The loss of ancient manuscripts was a cultural catastrophe. 古代手稿的流失是一场文化浩劫。 calamity（n. 灾难；不幸）：侧重“突发性的重大不幸事件”，较正式。 例：The sudden power outage was a calamity for the ongoing experiment. 突然停电对正在进行的实验是一场灾难。 例：Linguistic extinction is a silent calamity for human culture. 语言灭绝是人类文化的无声灾难。 crucial vital essential crucial（adj. 至关重要的；关键性的）：侧重“关键节点或决定性的重要”，Unit1核心词。 例：Finding the right material is crucial for the success of the experiment. 找到合适的材料对实验成功至关重要。 例：It’s crucial to record every detail in scientific research. 科学研究中记录每个细节至关重要。 vital（adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的）：侧重“事物不可或缺的基础属性”，Unit1有该词。 例：Vital signs monitoring is necessary for the rescued explorer. 生命体征监测对获救的探险家很有必要。 例：A good command of grammar is vital for language learning. 熟练掌握语法对语言学习必不可少。 essential（adj. 必需的；基本的）：侧重“构成事物本质的、不可缺少的”。 例：Essential equipment must be checked before the field exploration. 野外探索前必须检查必要设备。 例：Cognitive ability is essential for mastering a foreign language. 认知能力对掌握一门外语至关重要。 enhance improve strengthen enhance（v. 提高；增强）：侧重“提升质量、效果或价值”，Unit2核心词，常用搭配enhance sth.。 例：Using multimedia can enhance students’ understanding of linguistic knowledge. 利用多媒体能增强学生对语言知识的理解。 例：The new method enhances the accuracy of the experimental results. 新方法提高了实验结果的准确性。 improve（v. 改进；改善）：通用型，侧重“使事物在原有基础上变得更好”。 例：He improved his English by practicing with native speakers. 他通过与母语者练习提高了英语水平。 例：The team improved the experiment plan based on previous data. 团队根据之前的数据改进了实验方案。 strengthen（v. 加强；巩固）：侧重“增强力量、强度或关系”。 例：Regular practice can strengthen memory in language learning. 定期练习能增强语言学习中的记忆力。 例：The cooperation between the two labs strengthened the research progress. 两个实验室的合作加快了研究进程。 distract divert disturb distract（v. 使分心；分散注意力）：侧重“使注意力从重要事物上移开”，Unit2核心词，常用搭配distract sb. from sth.。 例：Noise in the lab distracted the researcher from his work. 实验室里的噪音让研究者无法专心工作。 例：Don’t let irrelevant information distract you in language analysis. 语言分析中不要让无关信息分散你的注意力。 divert（v. 转移；使转向）：侧重“将注意力、资源转移到其他事物”。 例：The teacher diverted the students’ attention to the interesting language experiment. 老师将学生的注意力转移到有趣的语言实验上。 例：The fund was diverted to the key linguistic research project. 资金被转移到重点语言研究项目上。 disturb（v. 打扰；扰乱）：侧重“干扰他人的工作、休息或秩序”。 例：Please don’t disturb the scientists when they are conducting experiments. 科学家做实验时请勿打扰。 例：The sudden announcement disturbed the language class. 突然的通知打断了语言课。 preserve protect defend preserve（v. 保护；保存）：侧重“保护事物免受破坏、维持原状”，Unit2核心词，常用搭配preserve sth. from sth.。 例：We must preserve endangered languages from extinction. 我们必须保护濒危语言免于灭绝。 例：The ancient documents are preserved in a temperature-controlled room. 古代文献保存在恒温房间里。 protect（v. 保护；防护）：通用型，侧重“采取措施使免受伤害”。 例：Wearing goggles can protect eyes in the chemistry lab. 化学实验室里戴护目镜能保护眼睛。 例：Parents should protect children from harmful online content. 家长应保护孩子免受不良网络内容的影响。 defend（v. 防御；保卫）：侧重“抵御攻击、反驳批评”，强调主动防御。 例：The researcher defended his controversial linguistic theory at the conference. 这位研究者在会议上为自己有争议的语言理论辩护。 例：The team defended their research method against critics. 团队为自己的研究方法反驳了批评者。 blame accuse criticize blame（v./n. 责怪；责任）：侧重“将错误归咎于某人，语气较温和”，Unit2核心词，常用搭配blame sb. for sth.。 例：Don’t blame him for the experiment failure; it’s due to equipment error. 不要因实验失败责怪他，这是设备故障导致的。 例：The blame for the language project delay lies with poor planning. 语言项目延误的责任在于规划不当。 accuse（v. 指控；指责）：侧重“正式指控某人违法或犯错”，语气较强，常用搭配accuse sb. of sth.。 例：He was accused of plagiarizing linguistic research results. 他被指控剽窃语言研究成果。 例：The company was accused of neglecting the preservation of cultural heritage. 该公司被指控忽视文化遗产保护。 criticize（v. 批评；指责）：侧重“指出他人的缺点、错误，可用于学术、工作等场景”。 例：The professor criticized his student’s shallow analysis of language data. 教授批评了学生对语言数据的肤浅分析。 例：Experts criticized the new policy for ignoring linguistic diversity. 专家批评新政策忽视了语言多样性。 considerable substantial considerate considerable（adj. 相当多的；重要的）：侧重“数量、程度或重要性相当大”，Unit2核心词。 例：The research required considerable time and effort. 这项研究需要大量时间和精力。 例：There is a considerable difference between the two linguistic theories. 这两种语言理论有很大差异。 substantial（adj. 大量的；实质的）：侧重“数量多、分量重或有实质内容”。 例：The project received substantial funding from the government. 该项目获得了政府的大量资助。 例：The scientist made a substantial contribution to language cognition research. 这位科学家对语言认知研究做出了重大贡献。 considerate（adj. 体贴的；考虑周到的）：侧重“关心他人需求，考虑周全”，与前两者语义不同。 例：It’s considerate of the teacher to adjust the language class schedule for students. 老师为学生调整语言课表，非常体贴。 例：The team leader is considerate of the members’ research pressure. 团队负责人很体谅成员的研究压力。 pioneer explorer forerunner pioneer（n. 先驱；开拓者；v. 开拓）：侧重“在某领域开创先河、引领发展”，Unit1核心词。 例：She is a pioneer in the field of bilingual education research. 她是双语教育研究领域的先驱。 例：The scientist pioneered a new method for language acquisition. 这位科学家开创了一种新的语言习得方法。 explorer（n. 探索者；探险家）：侧重“探索未知领域、地域”。 例：The Arctic explorer collected valuable data on climate change. 这位北极探险家收集了关于气候变化的宝贵数据。 例：Linguistic explorers travel around the world to record dying languages. 语言探索者环游世界记录濒危语言。 forerunner（n. 先驱；前兆）：侧重“某事物的先行者或预兆”，较正式。 例：The ancient script is a forerunner of modern writing systems. 这种古老文字是现代文字系统的先驱。 例：Early language experiments were the forerunner of modern linguistic research. 早期的语言实验是现代语言学研究的先河。 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 选择性必修第二册Units 1~2 单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 1 scientist n. 科学家 → _______ n. 科学 → _______ adj. 科学的 → _______ adv. 科学地 2 survive v. 幸存；存活 → _______ n. 幸存 → _______ n. 幸存者 3 rescue v./n. 营救；救援 → _______ n. 营救者 4 abandon v. 抛弃；放弃 → _______ adj. 被遗弃的 → _______ n. 放弃 5 disaster n. 灾难；灾祸 → _______ adj. 灾难性的 6 devote v. 致力于；奉献 → _______ adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的 → _______ n. 奉献 7 desperate adj. 绝望的 → _______ adv. 绝望地 → _______ n. 绝望 8 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 → _______ adv. 不幸地 → _______ n. 运气 9 breakthrough n. 突破；重大进展 → _______ v. 突破；突围（短语） 10 crucial adj. 至关重要的 → _______ adv. 关键地 11 pioneer n. 先驱；开拓者 → _______ v. 开拓；开创 12 elevate v. 提高；抬高 → _______ adj. 高的；升高的 → _______ n. 高度 Unit 2 1 language n. 语言 → _______ adj. 语言的 → _______ n. 语言学家 2 mind n. 思维；v. 介意 → _______ adj. 精神的；心理的 → _______ adv. 精神上 3 impact n./v. 影响；冲击 → _______ adj. 有影响力的 4 blame v./n. 责怪；责任 → _______ adj. 无过错的 → _______ adj. 该受责备的 5 brilliant adj. 聪颖的 → _______ adv. 出色地 6 enhance v. 提高；增强 → _______ n. 增强；改进 7 cognitive adj. 认知的 → _______ n. 认知 8 distract v. 使分心 → _______ adj. 分心的 → _______ n. 分心的事物 9 correspond v. 符合；相应 → _______ adj. 相应的 → _______ n. 通信；相似 10 preserve v. 保护 → _______ n. 保护 → _______ adj. 防腐的 11 considerable adj. 相当多的；重要的 → _______ adv. 相当地 12 trick n. 技巧；诡计；v. 欺骗 → _______ adj. 棘手的；狡猾的 Unit 1 1.____________ n. 科学家 2.____________ n. 生物学家 3.____________ n. 探索者 4.____________ n. 先驱；开拓者 5.____________ v. 幸存；存活 6.____________ v./n. 营救；救援 7.____________ v. 抛弃；放弃 8.____________ v. 致力于；奉献 9.____________ v./n. 挣扎；奋斗 10.____________ adj. 绝望的 11.____________ adj. 不幸的 12.____________ adj. 至关重要的 13.____________ adj. 无数的 14.____________ adj. 高的；升高的 15.____________ n. 灾难；灾祸 16.____________ n. 艰难；困苦 17.____________ n. 突破；重大进展 18.____________ n. 过敏反应 Unit 2 1.____________ n. 语言 2.____________ n. 思维；头脑 3.____________ n. 灵魂；心灵 4.____________ n. 现实；实际情况 5.____________ n. 认知 6.____________ v. 提高；增强 7.____________ v. 使分心 8.____________ v. 以…… 为目标 9.____________ v. 符合；相应 10.____________ v. 保护 11.____________ adj. 聪颖的 12.____________ adj. 相当多的 13.____________ adj. 分心的 14.____________ adj. 相应的 15.____________ n./v. 影响；冲击 16.____________ v./n. 责怪；责任 17.____________ n./v. 技巧；诡计 18.____________ n. 语言多样性 Unit 1 1. ____________ 致力于；奉献给 2. ____________ 承担；接受 3. ____________ 尽管；不管 4. ____________ 渡过难关 5. ____________ 出发；启程 6. ____________ 处于危险中 7. ____________ 从……营救某人 8. ____________ 为生存而挣扎 9. ____________ 冻死 10. ____________ 躲避；避难 11. ____________ 扎营 12. ____________ 处于危险中 13. ____________ 成功；做到 14. ____________ 坚持；继续 15. ____________ 偶然遇到 16. ____________ 寻找；搜寻 17. ____________ 与……作斗争 Unit2 1. ____________ 令人置疑；引起疑问 2. ____________ 另一方面 3. ____________ 对……产生影响 4. ____________ 妨碍；阻碍 5. ____________ 拓展；打开 6. ____________ 无异于；近乎 7. ____________ 过滤掉；筛除 8. ____________ 排除干扰 9. ____________ 延缓……的衰老 10. ____________ 健脑；开发大脑 11. ____________ 塑造我们的思维方式 12. ____________ 各种各样的 13. ____________ 值得学习 14. ____________ 全球思维 15. ____________ 加深理解 16. ____________ 形成视角 17. ____________ 语言多样性 1.Despite all the hardships, the scientist never regretted his research, which inspired thousands of young people.（尽管历经艰辛，这位科学家从未后悔投身研究，这激励了成千上万的年轻人。） 2. is his perseverance in the face of illness.（霍金最让我敬佩的是他面对疾病时的坚韧。） 3.The reason is that they have a strong passion for their career.（许多科学家能取得巨大成功的原因是他们对事业有着强烈的热爱。） 4.Rosalind Franklin’s story shows that gender inequality can never stop those （罗莎琳·富兰克林的故事表明，性别歧视永远无法阻挡那些决心追求科学的人。） 5. is whether language shapes the way we think.（几个世纪以来争论不休的是，语言是否会塑造我们的思维方式。） 6. that learning a new language can enhance cognitive abilities.（众所周知，学习一门新语言能提升认知能力。） 7.The reason （双语者更擅长多任务处理的原因是，语言切换能锻炼大脑。） 8.Languages , as shown in the example of color description.（语言不仅反映文化，还影响我们感知世界的方式，颜色描述的例子就说明了这一点。） Unit 4 一、单元写作任务：科学探索个人经历描述性写作 本部分常考的写作话题是“描述科学探索相关的个人经历”，要求写一篇描述文，通过具体场景、感官细节（视、听、嗅、触、味）和对话，展现科学探索的过程、个人情感与态度品质。写作需细节生动、画面感强、情感真挚，内容通常包括：1. 点明写作对象（科学实验、科技馆参观、科学讲座等）及核心感受；2. 结合感官细节与对话描述具体过程；3. 总结探索收获与感悟。 二、亮点词汇 1. scientific exploration 科学探索 2. sensory details 感官细节 3. experiment n./v. 实验；做实验 4. science museum 科技馆 5. scientific lecture 科学讲座 6. fascination n. 着迷；吸引力 7. curiosity n. 好奇心 8. vivid adj. 生动的 9. observe v. 观察 10. discover v. 发现 11. interact v. 互动 12. awe n. 敬畏 13. enthusiasm n. 热情 14. precise adj. 精确的 15. dialogue n. 对话 16. scientific achievement 科学成就 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) My experience of doing a chemistry experiment last month left a deep impression on me and sparked my enthusiasm for science. 上个月做化学实验的经历给我留下了深刻印象，也点燃了我对科学的热情。 (2) Recently I have been recalling my visit to the city’s science museum, where every exhibit filled me with awe and curiosity. 最近我一直在回忆参观市科技馆的经历，那里的每一件展品都让我充满敬畏与好奇。 (3) What fascinated me most was a physics experiment I participated in at school, which made abstract theories become tangible. 最让我着迷的是在学校参与的一项物理实验，它让抽象的理论变得触手可及。 (4) I used to find science boring, but a science lecture given by a famous scientist completely changed my attitude. 我以前觉得科学很枯燥，但一位著名科学家的讲座彻底改变了我的看法。 2. 中段常用句式 (1) As I mixed the two liquids, I saw a bright blue foam bubbling up, and I could smell a faint, sweet scent—my classmates and I couldn’t help exclaiming, “It’s amazing!” 当我把两种液体混合时，看到明亮的蓝色泡沫冒了出来，还能闻到一股淡淡的甜味——我和同学们忍不住惊呼：“太神奇了！” (2) I read a guidebook that told me the planetarium’s HD projections would show the Milky Way vividly. Sure enough, when the lights went out, I felt as if I were floating in space, surrounded by twinkling stars. 我读过一本指南，上面说天文馆的高清投影会生动展示银河。果然，灯光熄灭时，我感觉自己仿佛漂浮在太空中，被闪烁的星星环绕。 (3) The scientist asked with a smile, “Have you noticed how the pendulum swings at the same speed?” I touched the smooth metal string and replied, “Yes! But why doesn’t its speed change?” He then explained the principle of gravity in simple terms. 那位科学家笑着问：“你们注意到钟摆摆动的速度是一样的吗？”我摸了摸光滑的金属绳，回答道：“注意到了！但为什么它的速度不变呢？”随后他用通俗的语言解释了重力原理。 (4) Instead of just watching, we got to operate the robot arm ourselves. When I pressed the button, I felt the slight vibration of the machine, and heard the soft whir as it picked up the small cube—my heart raced with excitement. 我们不只是观看，还亲自操作了机械臂。当我按下按钮时，感受到了机器轻微的震动，还听到了它拿起小立方体时柔和的嗡嗡声——我的心兴奋地怦怦直跳。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, I realize that science is not just formulas and theories—it’s full of surprises and fun that can be felt through hands-on experience. 现在，我意识到科学不只是公式和理论——它充满了惊喜与乐趣，通过亲身体验就能感受到。 (2) At present, not only have I learned valuable scientific knowledge, but I also developed a more curious and persistent attitude towards exploration. 目前，我不仅学到了宝贵的科学知识，还培养了对探索更好奇、更执着的态度。 (3) Thanks to this experience, I have fallen in love with science. I will definitely take part in more scientific activities and keep exploring the mysteries of the world. 多亏了这次经历，我爱上了科学。我一定会参加更多科学活动，继续探索世界的奥秘。 (4) I am more than happy to share this unforgettable experience, as it taught me that curiosity and practice are the keys to understanding science. 我非常乐意分享这段难忘的经历，因为它让我明白，好奇心和实践是理解科学的关键。 四、范文背诵 My visit to the City Science Museum last weekend was an unforgettable journey of exploration that ignited my passion for science. As I stepped into the physics exhibition hall, the first thing that caught my eye was a huge pendulum swinging steadily. I reached out and touched its cold, smooth surface—its gentle vibration made me curious. “Why does it swing without stopping for so long?” I asked a guide nearby. He smiled and replied, “It’s because of inertia and gravity—they work together to keep it moving!” Then, I walked to the sound wave exhibit: when I spoke into the microphone, colorful lights danced in time with my voice, and I could hear my tone echoing softly. The most exciting part was the chemistry corner, where I saw a scientist demonstrate a reaction—red liquid turned green in an instant, and a faint citrus scent filled the air. “That’s the magic of chemical bonds,” he explained, and we all cheered. At present, not only have I learned interesting scientific knowledge, but I also realized that science is all around us. This experience taught me to observe carefully and ask more questions. I can’t wait to explore more scientific mysteries in the future! Unit 2 一、单元写作任务：语言学习相关论点与反方论点议论文 本部分常考的写作话题是“围绕语言学习的争议性问题展开论述”（如是否应学习多种外语、母语对第二语言学习的影响等），要求写一篇议论文，清晰呈现核心论点、反方论点及对应支撑细节。写作需逻辑严谨、论据相关且具体，内容通常包括：1. 引出争议话题，明确自身核心论点；2. 陈述反方论点及支撑理由；3. 反驳反方并强化自身论点的合理性；4. 总结升华。 二、亮点词汇 1. multilingualism n. 多语言能力 2. linguistic diversity 语言多样性 3. claim n./v. 论点；声称 4. counterclaim n./v. 反方论点；反驳 5. supporting detail 支撑细节 6. international communication 国际交流 7. cultural exchange 文化交流 8. academic performance 学业表现 9. cognitive ability 认知能力 10. linguistic barrier 语言障碍 11. prioritize v. 优先考虑 12. proficient adj. 熟练的 13. relevant adj. 相关的 14. unbiased adj. 无偏见的 15. persuade v. 说服 16. strengthen v. 强化 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) There is a heated debate over whether high school students should learn more than one foreign language, and different people hold opposite views. 关于高中生是否应该学习一门以上的外语，存在着激烈的争论，不同的人持有相反的观点。 (2) Recently I have been thinking about the question “Is English the only foreign language worth learning?”, and I firmly believe that linguistic diversity matters a lot. 最近我一直在思考“英语是唯一值得学习的外语吗？”这个问题，我坚信语言多样性至关重要。 (3) What is controversial is that some people argue that learning multiple languages burdens students, but I hold the opposite opinion. 有争议的是，一些人认为学习多种语言会给学生带来负担，但我持相反观点。 (4) I used to agree that English is sufficient for international communication, but now I realize the value of learning other languages. 我以前同意英语足以应对国际交流，但现在我意识到学习其他语言的价值。 2. 中段常用句式 （1）陈述反方论点及支撑细节 (1) One may think that learning an additional foreign language will occupy too much time, affecting students’ academic performance in other subjects. 有人可能认为学习另一门外语会占用太多时间，影响学生其他科目的学业表现。 (2) Some people claim that English is widely used globally, so there is no need to learn other languages—this seems reasonable at first glance. 一些人声称英语在全球广泛使用，因此没有必要学习其他语言——这乍一看似乎合理。 (3) I read an article that told some parents are in favor of focusing only on English, as they believe it can better help their children in future careers. 我读过一篇文章，一些家长支持只专注于英语，因为他们认为这能更好地帮助孩子未来的职业发展。 （2）阐述自身论点及支撑细节 (1) However, I would argue that learning multiple languages can enhance students’ cognitive abilities, such as memory and logical thinking. 然而，我认为学习多种语言能提升学生的认知能力，比如记忆力和逻辑思维能力。 (2) It might be true that English is widely used, but when you look at the facts, many international organizations and cultural exchanges require other languages like French or Spanish. 英语被广泛使用可能是事实，但审视现实会发现，许多国际组织和文化交流需要法语、西班牙语等其他语言。 (3) Instead of being a burden, learning another language enriches students’ cultural horizons—for example, learning French allows them to appreciate world-famous literary works in the original. 学习另一门语言并非负担，反而能丰富学生的文化视野——比如，学习法语能让他们欣赏原版的世界名著。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, it is clear that learning multiple languages is not a burden but a valuable investment, which benefits students’ personal and academic growth. 现在很明显，学习多种语言不是负担，而是宝贵的投资，有利于学生的个人成长和学业发展。 (2) At present, not only do we need to recognize the importance of English, but we also should not ignore the value of other languages—linguistic diversity opens more doors. 目前，我们不仅要认识到英语的重要性，也不应忽视其他语言的价值——语言多样性能打开更多大门。 (3) Thanks to the above analysis, I firmly believe that high schools should offer more foreign language courses to meet students’ diverse needs. 通过以上分析，我坚信高中应该开设更多外语课程，以满足学生的多样化需求。 (4) I am more than happy to see that more people are realizing the significance of multilingualism, and I hope this trend will continue. 我非常高兴看到越来越多的人意识到多语言能力的重要性，希望这一趋势能持续下去。 四、范文背诵 Is English the Only Foreign Language Worth Learning? There is a heated debate over whether high school students should learn only English or additional foreign languages. Some people claim that English is widely used in international communication, so there is no need to learn other languages—this will only burden students with heavy study tasks. However, I firmly believe that learning other foreign languages is of great value. First of all, every language is a key to a unique culture. For example, learning French allows us to appreciate classic literary works by Hugo and Balzac in their original form, and understand the charm of French art and customs. Secondly, mastering multiple languages enhances cognitive abilities—studies show that multilingual learners have better memory and logical thinking skills. It might be true that English is important, but when you look at the facts, many international jobs and cultural exchanges require proficiency in other languages like Spanish or Japanese. At present, not only do we need to grasp English, but we also should embrace linguistic diversity. Learning additional foreign languages is not a burden but an investment in the future. I hope high schools can offer more foreign language courses to help students broaden their horizons and achieve more in the globalized world. 根据汉语和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. The _________ (生物学家) spent years studying the behavior of rare animals in the rainforest. 2. After the _________ (灾难), many volunteers came to rescue the trapped people. 3. Her _________ (奉献) to teaching has inspired thousands of students. 4. The new discovery is a major _________ (突破) in medical science. 5. Language _________ (塑造) the way we think and perceive the world. 6. It is _________ (至关重要的) to protect linguistic diversity in the modern world. 7. The scientist _________ (抛弃) his comfortable life to pursue his research in remote areas. 8. Learning a foreign language can _________ (增强) our cognitive abilities. 9. He felt _________ (绝望的) when he failed the experiment for the tenth time. 10. The _________ (影响) of climate change on wildlife is becoming more and more obvious. 1.The _________ (inspire) story of the scientist made all the students determined to study hard. 2.What impresses us most is his _________ (devote) to his career. 3.It is not clear _________ (whether/that) the new policy will be carried out next month. 4.The reason why she succeeded is _________ she never gave up in the face of difficulties. 5.The _________ (interest) book has attracted a lot of young readers. 6.He was _________ (disappoint) when he heard the news of the experiment failure. 7._________ (master) a foreign language helps us communicate with people from different cultures. 8.The _________ (discover) of the new planet has excited the whole scientific community. 9.It is _________ (universal) acknowledged that education plays an important role in personal development. 10.The team’s _________ (persist) finally led to the success of the project. 1.___________________________________ is his great contribution to environmental protection.（让我们敬佩的是他对环境保护的巨大贡献。） 2.The reason why he can achieve great success ___________________________________.（他能取得巨大成功的原因是他总是全身心投入工作。） 3.___________________________________ many people are learning foreign languages now.（众所周知，现在很多人都在学习外语。） 4.Languages not only ___________________________________ but also help us make more friends.（语言不仅反映文化，还帮助我们交到更多朋友。） 5.Despite all the hardships, ___________________________________.（尽管历经艰辛，这位探险家从未放弃他的梦想。） 6.___________________________________ is whether we should focus on theory or practice in study.（我们一直在争论的是在学习中我们应该注重理论还是实践。） 易混词 用法及例句 survive endure persist survive（v. 幸存；存活）：侧重“在灾难、危险中活下来”，Unit1核心词，常用搭配survive sth./survive from sth.。 例：The explorer survived the severe snowstorm in the remote mountain. 这位探险家在偏远山区的特大暴风雪中幸存下来。 例：Only a few plants survived the drought in the experimental field. 实验田里只有少数植物在干旱中存活。 endure（v. 忍受；持续）：侧重“长期忍受痛苦、困难”，强调毅力。 例：The scientist endured loneliness to conduct research in the isolated area. 这位科学家忍受孤独在偏远地区开展研究。 例：The old tradition has endured for centuries despite social changes. 尽管社会变迁，这个古老传统已延续数百年。 persist（v. 坚持；持续）：侧重“不顾阻碍坚持做某事或状态持续”。 例：He persisted in his experiment even after repeated failures. 即使多次失败，他仍坚持实验。 例：The noise persisted throughout the night, affecting the scientist’s work. 噪音整夜持续，影响了科学家的工作。 rescue save deliver rescue（v./n. 营救；救援）：侧重“在紧急危险中主动解救”，Unit1核心词，常用搭配rescue sb. from sth.。 例：The team rescued three trapped climbers from the cliff. 团队从悬崖上营救了三名被困登山者。 例：The rescue of the experimental data was a race against time. 抢救实验数据是一场与时间的赛跑。 save（v. 拯救；挽救）：通用型，可指拯救生命、财产或节省资源，语气较通俗。 例：Doctors saved the researcher’s life after the laboratory accident. 实验室事故后，医生救了这位研究者的命。 例：Using new technology can save a lot of time in data analysis. 采用新技术能节省大量数据分析时间。 deliver（v. 交付；解救）：侧重“安全交付物品或从困境中解救”，语气较正式。 例：The helicopter delivered food and medicine to the disaster-stricken area. 直升机向灾区运送了食物和药品。 例：She was delivered from danger by the rescue team. 她被救援队从危险中解救出来。 abandon give up desert abandon（v. 抛弃；放弃）：侧重“彻底放弃或遗弃，不再关心”，Unit1核心词，语气较强。 例：The scientist had to abandon the research due to lack of funds. 由于资金短缺，这位科学家不得不放弃研究。 例：No one should abandon a teammate in a difficult exploration. 探索途中不应抛弃队友。 give up（v. 放弃；停止）：通用口语化，侧重“主动停止做某事”，可接动名词。 例：He gave up smoking to keep fit for field exploration. 为了适应野外探索，他戒烟了。 例：Don’t give up easily when facing experimental difficulties. 面对实验困难不要轻易放弃。 desert（v. 抛弃；遗弃）：侧重“违背责任或承诺抛弃他人/事物”，语气较严肃。 例：The researcher deserted his post during the critical experiment. 这位研究者在关键实验期间擅离职守。 例：The old laboratory was deserted after the new building was completed. 新楼建成后，旧实验室被废弃了。 devote dedicate commit devote（v. 致力于；奉献）：侧重“投入时间、精力于目标”，Unit1核心词，常用搭配devote sth. to doing。 例：She devoted her entire life to the study of linguistic diversity. 她毕生致力于语言多样性研究。 例：The team devoted three months to improving the experimental equipment. 团队花了三个月时间改进实验设备。 dedicate（v. 奉献；献给）：侧重“将自身或成果献给崇高目标”，语气更庄重。 例：The scientist dedicated his invention to the development of his country. 这位科学家将发明献给国家发展。 例：The book is dedicated to all pioneers of scientific exploration. 这本书献给所有科学探索的先驱。 commit（v. 致力于；承诺）：侧重“对责任、目标的正式承诺”，常用搭配commit oneself to doing。 例：He committed himself to protecting rare languages from extinction. 他承诺致力于保护濒危语言。 例：The organization committed large funds to the language preservation project. 该组织为语言保护项目投入了大量资金。 desperate despairing hopeless desperate（adj. 绝望的；拼命的）：侧重“因困境而极度渴望或采取极端行动”，Unit1核心词。 例：The trapped explorer was desperate for water and food. 被困的探险家极度渴望水和食物。 例：She made a desperate attempt to save the experimental data. 她拼命尝试抢救实验数据。 despairing（adj. 绝望的；失意的）：侧重“内心充满绝望的情绪”，常用作定语或表语。 例：His despairing look after the experiment failure made his teammates sad. 实验失败后他绝望的神情让队友们很揪心。 例：She felt despairing when her language research hit a dead end. 当语言研究陷入僵局时，她感到绝望。 hopeless（adj. 无望的；不可救药的）：侧重“没有任何成功或改善的可能”。 例：It’s hopeless to continue the experiment without necessary materials. 没有必要材料，继续实验是无望的。 例：Some people think it’s hopeless to preserve dying languages, but I disagree. 有人认为保护濒危语言无望，但我不这么认为。 disaster catastrophe calamity disaster（n. 灾难；灾祸）：泛指各类自然灾害或人为灾难，程度可轻可重，Unit1核心词。 例：The flood was a terrible disaster that destroyed the experimental base. 洪水是一场可怕的灾难，摧毁了实验基地。 例：Carelessness in the lab can lead to a small disaster like an explosion. 实验室里的粗心可能引发爆炸这样的小灾难。 catastrophe（n. 大灾难；浩劫）：侧重“规模极大、后果极严重的灾难”，语气最强。 例：The volcanic eruption was a catastrophe that wiped out the nearby research station. 火山喷发是一场浩劫，摧毁了附近的研究站。 例：The loss of ancient manuscripts was a cultural catastrophe. 古代手稿的流失是一场文化浩劫。 calamity（n. 灾难；不幸）：侧重“突发性的重大不幸事件”，较正式。 例：The sudden power outage was a calamity for the ongoing experiment. 突然停电对正在进行的实验是一场灾难。 例：Linguistic extinction is a silent calamity for human culture. 语言灭绝是人类文化的无声灾难。 crucial vital essential crucial（adj. 至关重要的；关键性的）：侧重“关键节点或决定性的重要”，Unit1核心词。 例：Finding the right material is crucial for the success of the experiment. 找到合适的材料对实验成功至关重要。 例：It’s crucial to record every detail in scientific research. 科学研究中记录每个细节至关重要。 vital（adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的）：侧重“事物不可或缺的基础属性”，Unit1有该词。 例：Vital signs monitoring is necessary for the rescued explorer. 生命体征监测对获救的探险家很有必要。 例：A good command of grammar is vital for language learning. 熟练掌握语法对语言学习必不可少。 essential（adj. 必需的；基本的）：侧重“构成事物本质的、不可缺少的”。 例：Essential equipment must be checked before the field exploration. 野外探索前必须检查必要设备。 例：Cognitive ability is essential for mastering a foreign language. 认知能力对掌握一门外语至关重要。 enhance improve strengthen enhance（v. 提高；增强）：侧重“提升质量、效果或价值”，Unit2核心词，常用搭配enhance sth.。 例：Using multimedia can enhance students’ understanding of linguistic knowledge. 利用多媒体能增强学生对语言知识的理解。 例：The new method enhances the accuracy of the experimental results. 新方法提高了实验结果的准确性。 improve（v. 改进；改善）：通用型，侧重“使事物在原有基础上变得更好”。 例：He improved his English by practicing with native speakers. 他通过与母语者练习提高了英语水平。 例：The team improved the experiment plan based on previous data. 团队根据之前的数据改进了实验方案。 strengthen（v. 加强；巩固）：侧重“增强力量、强度或关系”。 例：Regular practice can strengthen memory in language learning. 定期练习能增强语言学习中的记忆力。 例：The cooperation between the two labs strengthened the research progress. 两个实验室的合作加快了研究进程。 distract divert disturb distract（v. 使分心；分散注意力）：侧重“使注意力从重要事物上移开”，Unit2核心词，常用搭配distract sb. from sth.。 例：Noise in the lab distracted the researcher from his work. 实验室里的噪音让研究者无法专心工作。 例：Don’t let irrelevant information distract you in language analysis. 语言分析中不要让无关信息分散你的注意力。 divert（v. 转移；使转向）：侧重“将注意力、资源转移到其他事物”。 例：The teacher diverted the students’ attention to the interesting language experiment. 老师将学生的注意力转移到有趣的语言实验上。 例：The fund was diverted to the key linguistic research project. 资金被转移到重点语言研究项目上。 disturb（v. 打扰；扰乱）：侧重“干扰他人的工作、休息或秩序”。 例：Please don’t disturb the scientists when they are conducting experiments. 科学家做实验时请勿打扰。 例：The sudden announcement disturbed the language class. 突然的通知打断了语言课。 preserve protect defend preserve（v. 保护；保存）：侧重“保护事物免受破坏、维持原状”，Unit2核心词，常用搭配preserve sth. from sth.。 例：We must preserve endangered languages from extinction. 我们必须保护濒危语言免于灭绝。 例：The ancient documents are preserved in a temperature-controlled room. 古代文献保存在恒温房间里。 protect（v. 保护；防护）：通用型，侧重“采取措施使免受伤害”。 例：Wearing goggles can protect eyes in the chemistry lab. 化学实验室里戴护目镜能保护眼睛。 例：Parents should protect children from harmful online content. 家长应保护孩子免受不良网络内容的影响。 defend（v. 防御；保卫）：侧重“抵御攻击、反驳批评”，强调主动防御。 例：The researcher defended his controversial linguistic theory at the conference. 这位研究者在会议上为自己有争议的语言理论辩护。 例：The team defended their research method against critics. 团队为自己的研究方法反驳了批评者。 blame accuse criticize blame（v./n. 责怪；责任）：侧重“将错误归咎于某人，语气较温和”，Unit2核心词，常用搭配blame sb. for sth.。 例：Don’t blame him for the experiment failure; it’s due to equipment error. 不要因实验失败责怪他，这是设备故障导致的。 例：The blame for the language project delay lies with poor planning. 语言项目延误的责任在于规划不当。 accuse（v. 指控；指责）：侧重“正式指控某人违法或犯错”，语气较强，常用搭配accuse sb. of sth.。 例：He was accused of plagiarizing linguistic research results. 他被指控剽窃语言研究成果。 例：The company was accused of neglecting the preservation of cultural heritage. 该公司被指控忽视文化遗产保护。 criticize（v. 批评；指责）：侧重“指出他人的缺点、错误，可用于学术、工作等场景”。 例：The professor criticized his student’s shallow analysis of language data. 教授批评了学生对语言数据的肤浅分析。 例：Experts criticized the new policy for ignoring linguistic diversity. 专家批评新政策忽视了语言多样性。 considerable substantial considerate considerable（adj. 相当多的；重要的）：侧重“数量、程度或重要性相当大”，Unit2核心词。 例：The research required considerable time and effort. 这项研究需要大量时间和精力。 例：There is a considerable difference between the two linguistic theories. 这两种语言理论有很大差异。 substantial（adj. 大量的；实质的）：侧重“数量多、分量重或有实质内容”。 例：The project received substantial funding from the government. 该项目获得了政府的大量资助。 例：The scientist made a substantial contribution to language cognition research. 这位科学家对语言认知研究做出了重大贡献。 considerate（adj. 体贴的；考虑周到的）：侧重“关心他人需求，考虑周全”，与前两者语义不同。 例：It’s considerate of the teacher to adjust the language class schedule for students. 老师为学生调整语言课表，非常体贴。 例：The team leader is considerate of the members’ research pressure. 团队负责人很体谅成员的研究压力。 pioneer explorer forerunner pioneer（n. 先驱；开拓者；v. 开拓）：侧重“在某领域开创先河、引领发展”，Unit1核心词。 例：She is a pioneer in the field of bilingual education research. 她是双语教育研究领域的先驱。 例：The scientist pioneered a new method for language acquisition. 这位科学家开创了一种新的语言习得方法。 explorer（n. 探索者；探险家）：侧重“探索未知领域、地域”。 例：The Arctic explorer collected valuable data on climate change. 这位北极探险家收集了关于气候变化的宝贵数据。 例：Linguistic explorers travel around the world to record dying languages. 语言探索者环游世界记录濒危语言。 forerunner（n. 先驱；前兆）：侧重“某事物的先行者或预兆”，较正式。 例：The ancient script is a forerunner of modern writing systems. 这种古老文字是现代文字系统的先驱。 例：Early language experiments were the forerunner of modern linguistic research. 早期的语言实验是现代语言学研究的先河。 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $