专题01 选择性必修第一册Units 1～2 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高二英语上学期沪外版

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了选择性必修第一册Units 1~2的核心内容，涵盖词类转换、词汇辨析、短语积累、句型应用、写作指导及题型训练六大范畴，为学生搭建从基础词汇记忆到综合语言运用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类呈现与关联设计构建完整知识体系，如词类转换模块以“原词-派生词-例句”链条强化记忆，易混词对比表（如suffer/endure/bear的用法辨析）培养思维品质。写作部分提供“亮点词汇+范文背诵”支持，语法填空融入高考真题实例，助力学生提升语言能力与学习能力。教师可直接用于课堂专题复习，学生能自主查漏补缺，高效巩固单元重难点。

专题01 选择性必修第一册Units 1~2 单元词汇短语句型梳理 ( 清单 01 词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) Unit1 1) frequently adv. 频繁地；经常→frequent adj. 频繁的；时常发生的 2) recite v. (尤指对听众) 背诵→recitation n. 背诵；朗诵 3) educator n. 教育工作者；教师→educate v. 教育；培养→education n. 教育；培养 4) compose v. 撰写；组成→composition n. 作文；构成→composer n. 作曲家 5) acquire v. 获得，得到→acquisition n. 获得；习得 6) poet n. 诗人→poetry n. 诗集；诗歌→poetic adj. 诗的；诗意的 7) experiment n. 实验；试验→experimental adj. 实验性的；试验性的→experimenter n. 实验者 8) embarrass v. 使窘迫，使尴尬→embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬的→embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的→embarrassment n. 尴尬；难堪 9) suffer v. 遭受；蒙受→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受害者；患者 10) defeat v. 击败；战胜 n. 失败；战败→defeated adj. 被击败的；受挫的 Unit2 (1) volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做→voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的→volunteering n. 志愿服务 (2) purchase v. 买；购买 n. 购买→purchaser n. 购买者；买主 (3) earn v. 挣得；赚得→earnings n. 收入；所得→earnable adj. 可赚得的 (4) donate v. 捐赠，赠送→donation n. 捐赠；捐款→donor n. 捐赠者 (5) organisation n. 组织；团体→organise v. 组织；安排→organiser n. 组织者→organizational adj. 组织的 (6) launch v. 启动；推出；发起→launching n. 启动；发射→launcher n. 发射器 (7) promote v. 促进；推动→promotion n. 推广；晋升→promotive adj. 促进的；奖励的 (8) educate v.→educated adj. 受过良好教育的→education n. 教育 (9) construct v.→construction n. 建筑；建造→constructive adj. 建设性的→constructor n. 建造者 (10) fail v.→failure n. 失败→failed adj. 失败的；未实现的 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) Unit 1 frequently adv.频繁地； trial n.考验；试验 dignity n.自尊；尊严 embarrass vt.使窘迫； suffer v.遭受；受苦 defeat v./n.击败；失败 compose vt.撰写；作曲 gather v.采集；聚集 persist vi. 坚持；执着 wisdom n. 智慧；才智 conduct v./n. 实施；行为 virtue n. 美德；正直 carve vt. 雕刻；钻研 cease v. 停止；终止 Process n./v. 过程；处理 Unit 2 volunteer n./v.志愿者； threat n.威胁；恐吓 donate vt.捐赠；赠送 launch vt.启动；发起 campaign n./v.运动； promote vt.促进；提升 urge vt.敦促；力劝 criticize vt.批评；指责 assume vt.假定；认为 deliver vt.履行；交付 shelter n./v.收容所；庇护 request n./v.要求；请求 march n./v.游行；行进 regulate vt.约束；管理 Resource n.资源；资料 ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) Unit 1 1.by heart 单凭记忆； 2.take turns 依次；轮流 3.lose face 丢脸；失面子 4.pile up 积累；堆积 5.make use of 利用 6.in the process of 在……过程中 7.trial and error 反复试验 8.come of 源于；产生 9.consist of 由……组成 Unit 2 1.make a difference 有作用；有影响 2.base on/upon 以……为基础 3.hang around 徘徊；闲荡 4.raise funds 筹集资金 5.lead a campaign 发起运动 6.be aware of 意识到；知道 7.raise awareness 提高意识 8.off the track 偏离目标；出错 9.give up 放弃 ( 清单 04 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) ) 1.It was in the fields that I learned how to knock birds out of the sky with a slingshot...正是在田野里，我学会了如何用弹弓把鸟从空中打下来（强调句） 2.The fact that we worked on chemistry somehow got known at school...我们学习化学这件事不知怎么在学校传开了……（同位语从句） 3. Since his childhood , Deng Jiaxian had been under the influence of his father...自幼年起，邓家贤便深受其父亲的影响……（过去完成时） 4.I will be working for my country soon.我很快就会为我的国家工作。（将来进行时） 5.Our motherland has been suffering from the Japanese attack for so long.我们的祖国已经遭受了日本侵略这么长时间了。（现在完成进行时） 6.The future is looking pretty bright with these young people leading the way .有这些年轻人引领前进，未来看起来相当光明。（with复合结构） 7.Joris donated all that he had raised to a wildlife conservation organisation in Namibia where...约里斯将他筹集到的所有资金都捐赠给了纳米比亚的一个野生动物保护组织，在那里……（定语从句） 8.She was told where she would work , what she was responsible for...她被告知了工作地点以及她的工作职责……（宾语从句） 9.It would have been better for the orphanage to have taken our money to hire locals...孤儿院要是拿我们的钱去雇佣当地人就好了……（虚拟语气） ( 清单 05 单元写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) Unit 1 一、单元写作任务：“做中学”主题议论文 本部分常考的写作话题是“阐述‘做中学’（learning by doing）的意义与实践”，要求写一篇议论文，通过个人经历或具体事例支撑“做中学”的核心观点。写作需观点明确、事例典型、逻辑连贯，内容通常包括：1. 提出“做中学”的总观点；2. 用1-2个个人经历或实践案例作为支撑细节；3. 总结“做中学”的价值与启示。 二、亮点词汇 1. learning by doing 做中学 2. hands-on learning 实践学习 3. practical experience 实践经验 4. engage in 参与；投身于 5. apply v. 应用；运用 6. authentic adj. 真实的；地道的 7. practice v./n. 练习；实践 8. improve v. 提升；改善 9. gain v. 获得；习得 10. experience v./n. 经历；体验 11. practical skills 实用技能 12. participate in 参与 13. put into practice 付诸实践 14. theoretical knowledge 理论知识 15. enhance v. 增强；提高 16. personal experience 个人经历 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) The idea of “learning by doing” is highly effective and has greatly benefited my study and growth. “做中学”的理念非常有效，极大地促进了我的学习和成长。 (2) Recently I have deeply realized that learning through practice is more impressive than pure theoretical study. 最近我深刻意识到，通过实践学习比单纯的理论学习更令人印象深刻。 (3) What strikes me most is that “learning by doing” helps us master knowledge more firmly and apply it flexibly. 最让我有感触的是，“做中学”能帮助我们更牢固地掌握知识并灵活运用。 (4) I used to struggle with applying book knowledge, but “learning by doing” completely changed my learning way. 我以前很难将书本知识学以致用，但“做中学”彻底改变了我的学习方式。 2. 中段常用句式 (1) I took part in the school’s science experiment club, where we learned physics principles by designing and conducting real experiments. 我参加了学校的科学实验俱乐部，在那里我们通过设计和进行真实实验来学习物理原理。 (2) I tried to practice English by communicating with native speakers in the community—every conversation let me apply grammar and vocabulary in real situations. 我试着通过和社区里的母语者交流来练习英语——每次对话都让我在真实场景中运用语法和词汇。 (3) A teacher recommended that we learn cooking by making dishes ourselves, and this hands-on experience helped me understand culinary knowledge better than just reading recipes. 一位老师建议我们通过自己做菜来学习烹饪，这种实践经历比单纯读菜谱更让我理解烹饪知识。 (4) Instead of just memorizing history facts, we simulated ancient events in class—this “doing” experience made historical knowledge vivid and easy to remember. 我们没有只死记历史事实，而是在课堂上模拟古代事件——这种“做”的经历让历史知识变得生动易懂。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, I have not only mastered practical skills but also developed a proactive learning attitude through “learning by doing”. 现在，通过“做中学”，我不仅掌握了实用技能，还培养了积极主动的学习态度。 (2) At present, not only do I understand knowledge more deeply, but also I become more confident in facing challenges that require practical abilities. 目前，我不仅对知识的理解更深刻，还在面对需要实践能力的挑战时变得更自信。 (3) Thanks to “learning by doing”, I have realized that true learning comes from participation and application rather than passive acceptance. 多亏了“做中学”，我意识到真正的学习源于参与和应用，而非被动接受。 (4) I am more than happy to see that “learning by doing” has become my effective learning method, and I will keep applying it in future study. 我非常高兴“做中学”已经成为我有效的学习方法，未来我会继续将其运用到学习中。 四、范文背诵 The idea of “learning by doing” is extremely valuable and has greatly shaped my learning experience. Last semester, I joined the school’s 3D design course, which focused on hands-on practice rather than computer-based learning. One task asked us to create structures by folding paper—we made cranes, lanterns and even small shelves through constant trying. Another challenge was removing materials from a wooden structure without making it collapse. During these activities, I didn’t just memorize design principles; I engaged in every step and solved problems by myself. Thanks to this “learning by doing” experience, I have a deeper understanding of design and improved my practical skills. Now, I firmly believe that learning through practice is the most effective way to turn knowledge into ability. Unit 2 一、单元写作任务：志愿服务主题议论文 本部分常考的写作话题是“阐述志愿服务的意义与价值”，要求写一篇议论文，通过个人经历、他人案例及引用名言作为支撑细节，论证志愿服务对个人、社区的积极影响。写作需观点明确、论据充分、逻辑连贯，内容通常包括：1. 提出志愿服务的核心观点；2. 用个人经历+引用名言（引用三明治结构）作为支撑；3. 总结志愿服务的深远意义。 二、亮点词汇 1. volunteering n. 志愿服务 2. community service 社区服务 3. selfless dedication 无私奉献 4. win-win situation 双赢局面 5. quote n./v. 引用；引文 6. supporting detail 支撑细节 7. cooperate v. 合作 8. contribute to 为……做贡献 9. generous adj. 慷慨的 10. welfare house 福利院 11. nursing home 养老院 12. positive effect 积极影响 13. personal growth 个人成长 14. fulfill one’s duty 履行职责 15. moral value 道德价值 16. mutual benefit 互利共赢 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) Volunteering is a meaningful activity that brings mutual benefits to both the giver and the receiver. 志愿服务是一项有意义的活动，能给给予者和接受者带来双赢。 (2) Recently I have deeply felt the charm of volunteering through my own experience, and I firmly believe it enriches life and warms the community. 最近通过个人经历，我深深感受到了志愿服务的魅力，也坚信它能丰富生活、温暖社区。 (3) What impresses me most is that volunteering not only helps others but also shapes a better self, as an old saying goes: “The fragrance of the rose lingers on the hand that casts it.” 最让我印象深刻的是，志愿服务不仅助人，还能塑造更优秀的自己，正如古语所言：“赠人玫瑰，手有余香。” (4) I used to think volunteering was just a kind of “giving”, but my practice in the community changed my understanding completely. 我以前认为志愿服务只是一种“付出”，但在社区的实践彻底改变了我的看法。 2. 中段常用句式 (1) I took part in volunteering at a local welfare house last semester. As my partner Lucy said, “Working with children there makes me realize the power of companionship—they need care, and I gain happiness.” 上学期我参与了当地福利院的志愿服务。正如我的伙伴露西所说：“和那里的孩子们相处让我意识到陪伴的力量——他们需要关爱，而我收获了快乐。” (2) I tried to organize a community cleaning activity with my classmates. During the process, we learned to cooperate and communicate effectively. A volunteer leader commented, “Volunteering teaches you skills that can’t be learned from books.” 我试着和同学们组织了一次社区清洁活动。在这个过程中，我们学会了有效合作和沟通。一位志愿领队评价道：“志愿服务能教会你书本上学不到的技能。” (3) According to John Ruskin, “The highest reward for a person’s toil is not what they get for it, but what they become by it.” This quote perfectly explains why I keep volunteering—I’ve become more responsible and caring. 约翰·罗斯金曾说：“一个人辛勤付出的最高回报，不是他从中得到的东西，而是他由此成为的人。”这句引言完美诠释了我坚持志愿服务的原因——我变得更有责任感、更懂得关爱他人。 (4) Instead of staying at home on weekends, I choose to help the elderly in the nursing home. They often share their life stories with me, which broadens my horizons and makes me cherish my own life more. 周末我没有待在家里，而是选择去养老院帮助老人。他们经常和我分享人生故事，这拓宽了我的视野，也让我更加珍惜自己的生活。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, I have not only made contributions to the community but also grown into a more mature and kind person through volunteering. 现在，通过志愿服务，我不仅为社区做出了贡献，还成长为一个更成熟、更善良的人。 (2) At present, not only do I understand the true meaning of “giving”, but also I encourage more friends to join volunteer activities—small efforts can make a big difference. 目前，我不仅理解了“付出”的真谛，还鼓励更多朋友加入志愿服务——小小的努力能带来大大的改变。 (3) Thanks to volunteering, I have realized that helping others is helping ourselves. It is a valuable experience that will benefit me for a lifetime. 多亏了志愿服务，我意识到助人即助己。这是一段宝贵的经历，将让我终身受益。 (4) I am more than happy to see that volunteering is becoming more popular among young people, and I believe it will make the world a warmer place. 我非常高兴看到志愿服务在年轻人中越来越受欢迎，也相信它会让世界变得更温暖。 四、范文背诵 Volunteering is a precious experience that brings both personal growth and community warmth. I firmly believe it is a win-win situation that everyone should try. Last year, I volunteered at a nursing home every weekend. I helped the elderly clean their rooms, chat with them, and accompany them to take walks. As one of the grandpas told me, “Your company makes our days less lonely and more colorful.” Besides, Mother Teresa once said, “One should always remember that the actual peace always begins with a smile.” I kept smiling while serving, and found that smiles can bridge the generation gap and bring comfort to others. During the volunteering, I also learned to be patient and responsible—skills that have helped me a lot in daily life. At present, not only have I brought joy to the elderly, but also I have grown into a more caring person. Volunteering teaches us to give generously and cherish what we have. I sincerely hope more people will join volunteer activities to make the world a better place. ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.Worried about her son trapped in flood-stricken area, the mother experienced high levels of anxiety. (焦虑) 2.The child seemed annoyed when he found his gift broken. 3.The profile give you a good impression of the student. 4.Adam is confident that he will get used to senior high school life. 5.Two of the essential qualities a scientist needs to have seem to be curiosity and creativity. 6.My English teacher has joined a nonprofit international organization to work as a volunteer. (机构) 7.The future of space exploration（探索） remains bright. 8.Many students may feel embarrassed （尴尬的）or uncomfortable when they have to give a speech in class. 9.Where is the experiment（实验）being carried out by the students? 10.The twin brothers are alike in appearance but greatly in personality.（个性） ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.（2024・新课标 II 卷）By the time he realized his mistake, the damage ______ (do). 【答案】had been done 【解析】“意识到错误”是过去动作，“损害发生”在之前，是“过去的过去”。damage 与 do 是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态，故填 had been done。 2.（2023・全国乙卷）She ______ (not hear) from her son for months before she received his call. 【答案】hadn’t heard 【解析】“收到电话”是过去动作，“数月没收到来信”持续到该动作之前，用过去完成时否定式。for months 提示持续状态，故填 hadn’t heard。 3.（2022・浙江卷）The project ______ (complete) by the end of last year. 【答案】had been completed 【解析】by the end of last year 是过去完成时标志，project 与 complete 是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态，故填 had been completed。 4.（2024・北京卷）It was the first time that he ______ (visit) the Great Wall. 【答案】had visited 【解析】固定句型 It was the first time that... 后接过去完成时，是高二上册核心考点，故填 had visited。 5.（2023・北京卷）By 2022, they ______ (work) together for 10 years. 【答案】had worked 【解析】by 2022 是过去完成时标志，“合作10年”发生在2022年之前，用过去完成时，故填 had worked。 6.（2022・天津卷）The letters ______ (send) before the company closed down. 【答案】had been sent 【解析】“公司倒闭”是过去动作，“信件被发送”在之前，是“过去的过去”。letters 与 send 是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态，故填 had been sent。 7.（2024・浙江卷）When we got there, the concert ______ (already, start). 【答案】had already started 【解析】“到达那里”是过去动作，“音乐会开始”在之前，用过去完成时。already 置于 had 之后、过去分词之前，故填 had already started。 8.（2023・天津卷）He said he ______ (see) the film before. 【答案】had seen 【解析】主句 said 是过去时，宾语从句中“看过电影”发生在“说”之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故填 had seen。 ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1. It was through a failed experience that he realized the importance of lifelong learning.（用强调句：正是通过一次失败的经历，他才意识到终身学习的重要性） 2. By the time she joined the volunteer team, she had raised 5000 yuan in donations.（用过去完成时：到她加入志愿团队时，她已经筹集了5000元善款） 3. With the volunteers' active cooperation, we managed to finish the community cleaning task ahead of time.（用with复合结构：在志愿者们的积极配合下，我们提前完成了社区清洁任务） 4. The fact that he finally made a breakthrough through trial and error inspired all the students in our class.（用同位语从句：他通过反复试验最终取得突破这一事实，激励了我们班所有学生） 5. It is important that we (should) respect the local customs and traditions when participating in volunteer activities.（用It is important that...句型：参与志愿活动时，我们应该尊重当地的风俗习惯） 6. She asked me whether/if I was willing to go with her to the homeless shelter this weekend.（用宾语从句：她问我这个周末是否愿意和她一起去收容所） 7. Since his childhood, he had been determined to help those in need.（用过去完成时表持续影响：从童年起，他就一直立志帮助有需要的人） 8. We should make full use of the available learning resources to improve our English skills.（用make use of句型：我们应该充分利用现有的学习资源来提高英语水平） 9. With more and more people becoming aware of environmental protection, the urban environment has become better and better.（用with复合结构：随着越来越多的人意识到环保的重要性，城市的环境变得越来越好） 10. It was our continuous volunteer service that made a great difference to the lives of the elderly in the nursing home.（用强调句：正是我们持续的志愿服务，给养老院老人的生活带来了很大改变） 易混词 用法及例句 frequent common usual frequent（adj. 频繁的；时常发生的）：侧重“发生次数多”，强调频率，Unit1词形转换核心词，常用搭配frequent visits/frequent mistakes。 例：He made frequent mistakes in the chemistry experiment due to carelessness. 他因粗心在化学实验中频繁出错。 例：Frequent practice helps improve the ability of reciting poems. 频繁练习有助于提升背诵诗歌的能力。 common（adj. 常见的；普通的）：侧重“普遍存在、众人皆知”，无频率含义。 例：It's common for students to feel nervous when doing experiments for the first time. 学生第一次做实验感到紧张是很常见的。 例：Common sense tells us that we should wear protective gear in the lab. 常识告诉我们在实验室应穿戴防护装备。 usual（adj. 通常的；惯常的）：侧重“符合日常习惯或常规”，强调规律性。 例：She arrived at the lab at her usual time to prepare for the experiment. 她按往常时间到达实验室准备实验。 例：We follow the usual procedure to conduct the trial. 我们按照常规流程进行试验。 suffer endure bear suffer（v. 遭受；蒙受）：侧重“被动承受痛苦、损失或疾病”，常用搭配suffer from sth.，Unit1核心词汇。 例：Many patients suffered from the terrible disease before the new drug was invented. 新药发明前，许多患者饱受这种重病折磨。 例：The experiment team suffered a great defeat because of equipment failure. 实验团队因设备故障遭受了重大失败。 endure（v. 忍受；承受）：侧重“主动长期忍受困难或痛苦”，强调毅力。 例：The scientist endured great pressure to complete the experiment. 这位科学家承受着巨大压力完成实验。 例：She endured the embarrassment and continued her speech in front of the class. 她忍受着尴尬，在全班面前继续演讲。 bear（v. 承受；忍受）：通用用语，可接痛苦、压力、责任等，语气较口语化。 例：He can't bear the smell of chemicals in the lab. 他无法忍受实验室里化学物质的气味。 例：We must bear the responsibility of finishing the research on time. 我们必须承担按时完成研究的责任。 defeat beat conquer defeat（v./n. 击败；失败）：侧重“正式场合下的失败或击败对手”，可指军事、比赛、实验等，Unit1核心词汇。 例：The team suffered a narrow defeat in the experimental competition. 该团队在实验竞赛中惜败。 例：His research plan was defeated by lack of funds. 他的研究计划因缺乏资金而失败。 beat（v. 击败；打败）：侧重“在比赛、竞争中战胜对手”，语气较口语化。 例：Our class beat other classes in the science experiment show. 我们班在科学实验展示中击败了其他班级。 例：He beat all the competitors in the recitation contest. 他在背诵比赛中击败了所有对手。 conquer（v. 征服；克服）：侧重“克服困难、征服自然或占领领土”，语气较强。 例：Scientists conquered many difficulties to develop the new technology. 科学家们克服了许多困难研发出这项新技术。 例：We need to conquer our fear of failure in the process of learning. 我们需要在学习过程中克服对失败的恐惧。 acquire gain obtain acquire（v. 获得；习得）：侧重“通过学习、积累逐步获得知识、技能”，Unit1词形转换核心词。 例：Students acquire practical skills through hands-on experiments. 学生通过动手实验习得实用技能。 例：He acquired a good knowledge of chemistry after years of study. 经过多年学习，他掌握了扎实的化学知识。 gain（v. 获得；得到）：侧重“通过努力或经历获得利益、经验等”，通用型。 例：She gained valuable experience from participating in the volunteer activity. 她从参与志愿服务中获得了宝贵经验。 例：The team gained the support of the school for their research project. 团队的研究项目获得了学校的支持。 obtain（v. 获得；取得）：侧重“通过正式申请、努力获得所需之物”，语气较正式。 例：The researcher obtained funding from the government to carry out the experiment. 这位研究者获得了政府资助以开展实验。 例：We need to obtain permission before using the lab equipment. 使用实验室设备前我们需要获得许可。 compose write create compose（v. 撰写；作曲）：侧重“创作有一定艺术价值的作品，如文章、乐曲”，Unit1核心词汇。 例：The poet composed a poem about the beauty of scientific exploration. 这位诗人创作了一首关于科学探索之美的诗。 例：He composed a report on the experimental results. 他撰写了一份实验结果报告。 write（v. 写；书写）：通用用语，可指任何书写行为，语气通俗。 例：She wrote down the experimental steps carefully in her notebook. 她在笔记本上仔细写下实验步骤。 例：Students are required to write an essay about "learning by doing". 学生被要求写一篇关于“做中学”的作文。 create（v. 创造；创作）：侧重“创造出前所未有的事物”，范围更广。 例：Scientists create new materials through repeated experiments. 科学家通过反复实验创造出新材料。 例：The volunteer team created a new activity to raise funds for the orphanage. 志愿团队创造了一项新活动为孤儿院筹集资金。 volunteer participate join volunteer（v./n. 自愿做；志愿者）：侧重“自愿无偿参与某项活动”，Unit2核心词汇，常用搭配volunteer to do sth./volunteer for sth.。 例：Many students volunteer to help clean the community. 许多学生自愿帮助清洁社区。 例：He works as a volunteer in the local welfare house. 他在当地福利院做志愿者。 participate（v. 参与；参加）：侧重“主动参与活动，强调参与过程”，常用搭配participate in sth.。 例：All students are encouraged to participate in the science experiment competition. 鼓励所有学生参与科学实验竞赛。 例：She participated in the campaign to raise environmental awareness. 她参与了提升环保意识的活动。 join（v. 加入；参加）：侧重“加入某个组织、团体或正在进行的活动”。 例：He joined the school's volunteer organization last semester. 他上学期加入了学校的志愿组织。 例：Can I join you in the experiment preparation? 我能和你们一起准备实验吗？ donate contribute dedicate donate（v. 捐赠；赠送）：侧重“无偿捐赠财物给需要的人或组织”，Unit2核心词汇，常用搭配donate sth. to sb./sth.。 例：He donated all his savings to the wildlife conservation organization. 他把所有积蓄捐赠给了野生动物保护组织。 例：Many people donated clothes and food to the homeless shelter. 许多人向收容所捐赠衣物和食物。 contribute（v. 贡献；捐献）：侧重“为某一目标贡献力量、时间或财物”，常用搭配contribute to sth./contribute sth. to sth.。 例：Everyone should contribute to protecting the environment. 每个人都应为保护环境做贡献。 例：She contributed her time to helping the elderly in the nursing home. 她花时间帮助养老院的老人。 dedicate（v. 奉献；致力于）：侧重“将自己、时间或精力献给崇高目标”，语气较庄重。 例：The scientist dedicated his life to medical research. 这位科学家毕生致力于医学研究。 例：She dedicated herself to the volunteer service for children. 她致力于为儿童服务的志愿工作。 promote advance further promote（v. 促进；推动；晋升）：侧重“促进事物发展、推广理念或职位晋升”，Unit2核心词汇。 例：The campaign aims to promote environmental protection awareness. 这项活动旨在提升环保意识。 例：He was promoted because of his excellent performance in the volunteer project. 他因在志愿项目中的出色表现而获得晋升。 advance（v. 推进；促进；n. 进步）：侧重“使事物向前发展、取得进步”，语气较正式。 例：The new technology advances the development of experimental science. 这项新技术推进了实验科学的发展。 例：We need to advance the research project before the deadline. 我们需要在截止日期前推进研究项目。 further（v. 促进；推进；adj. 进一步的）：侧重“在原有基础上进一步发展”，常用搭配further one's study/further the cause。 例：He went abroad to further his study in chemistry. 他出国深造化学。 例：The volunteer activity further strengthened the bond between students and the community. 志愿服务进一步加强了学生与社区的联系。 urge advise persuade urge（v. 敦促；力劝）：侧重“强烈要求、催促某人做某事”，语气较强烈，Unit2核心词汇，常用搭配urge sb. to do sth.。 例：The teacher urged the students to finish the experimental report on time. 老师敦促学生按时完成实验报告。 例：The organization urged the government to take measures to protect wildlife. 该组织敦促政府采取措施保护野生动物。 advise（v. 建议；劝告）：侧重“基于经验或专业知识给出建议”，语气较温和，常用搭配advise sb. to do sth.。 例：The doctor advised him to take a rest after the experiment. 医生建议他实验后休息一下。 例：She advised the volunteer team to organize more meaningful activities. 她建议志愿团队组织更多有意义的活动。 persuade（v. 说服；劝说）：侧重“通过劝说使某人改变想法并采取行动”，常用搭配persuade sb. to do sth.。 例：He persuaded his classmates to join the volunteer activity. 他说服同学们加入志愿服务。 例：The researcher persuaded the school to provide more funds for the experiment. 这位研究者说服学校为实验提供更多资金。 criticize blame condemn criticize（v. 批评；指责）：侧重“对某人的行为、作品进行评论性批评，指出不足”，Unit2核心词汇。 例：The teacher criticized him for being careless in the experiment. 老师批评他实验中粗心大意。 例：Some people criticized the campaign for being ineffective. 有些人批评这项活动效果不佳。 blame（v./n. 责备；责怪）：侧重“将错误或失败归咎于某人”，常用搭配blame sb. for sth.。 例：Don't blame him for the experiment failure; it's not his fault. 不要因实验失败责怪他，这不是他的错。 例：The blame for the delay lies with the equipment supplier. 延误的责任在于设备供应商。 condemn（v. 谴责；指责）：侧重“强烈谴责不道德或违法的行为”，语气最强。 例：People condemned the act of destroying the experimental data. 人们谴责破坏实验数据的行为。 例：The organization condemned the illegal hunting of wildlife. 该组织谴责非法捕猎野生动物的行为。 assume suppose presume assume（v. 假定；认为）：侧重“在缺乏证据的情况下主观假定”，Unit2核心词汇。 例：He assumed that the experiment would succeed without careful preparation. 他没做充分准备就假定实验会成功。 例：We can't assume the result before conducting the trial. 进行试验前我们不能假定结果。 suppose（v. 假设；认为）：侧重“提出假设用于论证或委婉表达看法”，常用搭配suppose that/suppose sb. to do。 例：Suppose we change the experimental method, will the result be better? 假设我们改变实验方法，结果会更好吗？ 例：I suppose he will join the volunteer team. 我认为他会加入志愿团队。 presume（v. 假定；推定）：侧重“基于合理证据或常识推定某事为真”，语气较正式。 例：We presume that the data is accurate because it's tested twice. 我们推定这些数据是准确的，因为它经过了两次测试。 例：The police presumed that he was involved in the case based on the evidence. 警方根据证据推定他与该案有关。 deliver transport convey deliver（v. 履行；交付；递送）：侧重“交付物品、履行承诺或发表演讲”，Unit2核心词汇。 例：The company promised to deliver the experimental equipment on time. 该公司承诺按时交付实验设备。 例：She delivered a speech about her volunteer experience at the meeting. 她在会议上发表了关于自己志愿经历的演讲。 transport（v./n. 运输；运送）：侧重“将人或物从一地运输到另一地”，侧重运输过程。 例：The experimental samples were transported to the lab by special vehicle. 实验样本通过专用车辆运送到实验室。 例：The organization transports relief supplies to the disaster area. 该组织向灾区运输救援物资。 convey（v. 传达；表达；运送）：侧重“传达思想、情感或运送少量物品”。 例：He tried to convey his idea about the experiment to the team. 他试图向团队传达自己关于实验的想法。 例：The letter conveys her gratitude to the volunteer team. 这封信表达了她对志愿团队的感激之情。 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 选择性必修第一册Units 1~2 单元词汇短语句型梳理 ( 清单 01 词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) Unit1 1) frequently adv. 频繁地；经常→__________adj. 频繁的；时常发生的 2) recite v. (尤指对听众) 背诵→__________n. 背诵；朗诵 3) educator n. 教育工作者；教师→__________v. 教育；培养→__________n. 教育；培养 4) compose v. 撰写；组成→__________n. 作文；构成→__________n. 作曲家 5) acquire v. 获得，得到→__________n. 获得；习得 6) poet n. 诗人→__________n. 诗集；诗歌→__________adj. 诗的；诗意的 7) experiment n. 实验；试验→__________ adj. 实验性的；试验性的→__________n. 实验者 8) embarrass v. 使窘迫，使尴尬→__________adj. 感到尴尬的→__________adj. 令人尴尬的→__________embarrassment n. 尴尬；难堪 9) suffer v. 遭受；蒙受→__________n. 痛苦；苦难→__________n. 受害者；患者 10) defeat v. 击败；战胜 n. 失败；战败→__________adj. 被击败的；受挫的 Unit2 (1) volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做→__________adj. 自愿的；志愿的→__________n. 志愿服务 (2) purchase v. 买；购买 n. 购买→__________n. 购买者；买主 (3) earn v. 挣得；赚得→__________n. 收入；所得→__________adj. 可赚得的 (4) donate v. 捐赠，赠送→__________n. 捐赠；捐款→__________n. 捐赠者 (5) organisation n. 组织；团体→__________v. 组织；安排→__________n. 组织者→__________adj. 组织的 (6) launch v. 启动；推出；发起→__________n. 启动；发射→__________n. 发射器 (7) promote v. 促进；推动→__________n. 推广；晋升→__________adj. 促进的；奖励的 (8) educate v.→__________adj. 受过良好教育的→__________n. 教育 (9) construct v.→__________n. 建筑；建造→__________adj. 建设性的→__________ n. 建造者 (10) fail v.→__________n. 失败→__________adj. 失败的；未实现的 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) Unit 1 _______ adv.频繁地； _______ n.考验；试验 _______ n.自尊；尊严 _______ vt.使窘迫； _______ v.遭受；受苦 _______ v./n.击败；失败 _______ vt.撰写；作曲 _______ v.采集；聚集 _______ vi. 坚持；执着 _______ n. 智慧；才智 _______ v./n. 实施；行为 _______ n. 美德；正直 _______ vt. 雕刻；钻研 _______ v. 停止；终止 _______ n./v. 过程；处理 Unit 2 _______ n./v.志愿者； _______ n.威胁；恐吓 _______ vt.捐赠；赠送 _______ vt.启动；发起 _______ n./v.运动； _______ vt.促进；提升 _______ vt.敦促；力劝 _______ vt.批评；指责 _______ vt.假定；认为 _______ vt.履行；交付 _______ n./v.收容所；庇护 _______ n./v.要求；请求 _______ n./v.游行；行进 _______ vt.约束；管理 _______ n.资源；资料 ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) Unit 1 1.____________ 单凭记忆； 2.____________ 依次；轮流 3.____________ 丢脸；失面子 4.____________ 积累；堆积 5.____________ 利用 6.____________ 在…… 过程中 7.____________ 反复试验 8.____________ 源于；产生 9.____________ 由…… 组成 Unit 2 1.____________ 有作用；有影响 2.____________ 以…… 为基础 3.____________ 徘徊；闲荡 4.____________ 筹集资金 5.____________ 发起运动 6.____________ 意识到；知道 7.____________ 提高意识 8.____________ 偏离目标；出错 ( 清单 04 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) ) 1.It was in the fields I learned how to knock birds out of the sky with a slingshot...正是在田野里，我学会了如何用弹弓把鸟从空中打下来（强调句） 2.The fact that we chemistry somehow got known at school...我们学习化学这件事不知怎么在学校传开了……（同位语从句） 3. , Deng Jiaxian had been under the influence of his father...自幼年起，邓家贤便深受其父亲的影响……（过去完成时） 4.I my country soon.我很快就会为我的国家工作。（将来进行时） 5.Our motherland the Japanese attack for so long.我们的祖国已经遭受了日本侵略这么长时间了。（现在完成进行时） 6.The future is looking pretty bright .有这些年轻人引领前进，未来看起来相当光明。（with复合结构） 7.oris donated all to a wildlife conservation organisation in Namibia where...约里斯将他筹集到的所有资金都捐赠给了纳米比亚的一个野生动物保护组织，在那里……（定语从句） 8.She was told , what she was responsible for...她被告知了工作地点以及她的工作职责……（宾语从句） 9.It for the orphanage to have taken our money to hire locals...孤儿院要是拿我们的钱去雇佣当地人就好了……（虚拟语气） ( 清单 05 单元写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) Unit 1 一、单元写作任务：“做中学”主题议论文 本部分常考的写作话题是“阐述‘做中学’（learning by doing）的意义与实践”，要求写一篇议论文，通过个人经历或具体事例支撑“做中学”的核心观点。写作需观点明确、事例典型、逻辑连贯，内容通常包括：1. 提出“做中学”的总观点；2. 用1-2个个人经历或实践案例作为支撑细节；3. 总结“做中学”的价值与启示。 二、亮点词汇 1. learning by doing 做中学 2. hands-on learning 实践学习 3. practical experience 实践经验 4. engage in 参与；投身于 5. apply v. 应用；运用 6. authentic adj. 真实的；地道的 7. practice v./n. 练习；实践 8. improve v. 提升；改善 9. gain v. 获得；习得 10. experience v./n. 经历；体验 11. practical skills 实用技能 12. participate in 参与 13. put into practice 付诸实践 14. theoretical knowledge 理论知识 15. enhance v. 增强；提高 16. personal experience 个人经历 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) The idea of “learning by doing” is highly effective and has greatly benefited my study and growth. “做中学”的理念非常有效，极大地促进了我的学习和成长。 (2) Recently I have deeply realized that learning through practice is more impressive than pure theoretical study. 最近我深刻意识到，通过实践学习比单纯的理论学习更令人印象深刻。 (3) What strikes me most is that “learning by doing” helps us master knowledge more firmly and apply it flexibly. 最让我有感触的是，“做中学”能帮助我们更牢固地掌握知识并灵活运用。 (4) I used to struggle with applying book knowledge, but “learning by doing” completely changed my learning way. 我以前很难将书本知识学以致用，但“做中学”彻底改变了我的学习方式。 2. 中段常用句式 (1) I took part in the school’s science experiment club, where we learned physics principles by designing and conducting real experiments. 我参加了学校的科学实验俱乐部，在那里我们通过设计和进行真实实验来学习物理原理。 (2) I tried to practice English by communicating with native speakers in the community—every conversation let me apply grammar and vocabulary in real situations. 我试着通过和社区里的母语者交流来练习英语——每次对话都让我在真实场景中运用语法和词汇。 (3) A teacher recommended that we learn cooking by making dishes ourselves, and this hands-on experience helped me understand culinary knowledge better than just reading recipes. 一位老师建议我们通过自己做菜来学习烹饪，这种实践经历比单纯读菜谱更让我理解烹饪知识。 (4) Instead of just memorizing history facts, we simulated ancient events in class—this “doing” experience made historical knowledge vivid and easy to remember. 我们没有只死记历史事实，而是在课堂上模拟古代事件——这种“做”的经历让历史知识变得生动易懂。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, I have not only mastered practical skills but also developed a proactive learning attitude through “learning by doing”. 现在，通过“做中学”，我不仅掌握了实用技能，还培养了积极主动的学习态度。 (2) At present, not only do I understand knowledge more deeply, but also I become more confident in facing challenges that require practical abilities. 目前，我不仅对知识的理解更深刻，还在面对需要实践能力的挑战时变得更自信。 (3) Thanks to “learning by doing”, I have realized that true learning comes from participation and application rather than passive acceptance. 多亏了“做中学”，我意识到真正的学习源于参与和应用，而非被动接受。 (4) I am more than happy to see that “learning by doing” has become my effective learning method, and I will keep applying it in future study. 我非常高兴“做中学”已经成为我有效的学习方法，未来我会继续将其运用到学习中。 四、范文背诵 The idea of “learning by doing” is extremely valuable and has greatly shaped my learning experience. Last semester, I joined the school’s 3D design course, which focused on hands-on practice rather than computer-based learning. One task asked us to create structures by folding paper—we made cranes, lanterns and even small shelves through constant trying. Another challenge was removing materials from a wooden structure without making it collapse. During these activities, I didn’t just memorize design principles; I engaged in every step and solved problems by myself. Thanks to this “learning by doing” experience, I have a deeper understanding of design and improved my practical skills. Now, I firmly believe that learning through practice is the most effective way to turn knowledge into ability. Unit 2 一、单元写作任务：志愿服务主题议论文 本部分常考的写作话题是“阐述志愿服务的意义与价值”，要求写一篇议论文，通过个人经历、他人案例及引用名言作为支撑细节，论证志愿服务对个人、社区的积极影响。写作需观点明确、论据充分、逻辑连贯，内容通常包括：1. 提出志愿服务的核心观点；2. 用个人经历+引用名言（引用三明治结构）作为支撑；3. 总结志愿服务的深远意义。 二、亮点词汇 1. volunteering n. 志愿服务 2. community service 社区服务 3. selfless dedication 无私奉献 4. win-win situation 双赢局面 5. quote n./v. 引用；引文 6. supporting detail 支撑细节 7. cooperate v. 合作 8. contribute to 为……做贡献 9. generous adj. 慷慨的 10. welfare house 福利院 11. nursing home 养老院 12. positive effect 积极影响 13. personal growth 个人成长 14. fulfill one’s duty 履行职责 15. moral value 道德价值 16. mutual benefit 互利共赢 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) Volunteering is a meaningful activity that brings mutual benefits to both the giver and the receiver. 志愿服务是一项有意义的活动，能给给予者和接受者带来双赢。 (2) Recently I have deeply felt the charm of volunteering through my own experience, and I firmly believe it enriches life and warms the community. 最近通过个人经历，我深深感受到了志愿服务的魅力，也坚信它能丰富生活、温暖社区。 (3) What impresses me most is that volunteering not only helps others but also shapes a better self, as an old saying goes: “The fragrance of the rose lingers on the hand that casts it.” 最让我印象深刻的是，志愿服务不仅助人，还能塑造更优秀的自己，正如古语所言：“赠人玫瑰，手有余香。” (4) I used to think volunteering was just a kind of “giving”, but my practice in the community changed my understanding completely. 我以前认为志愿服务只是一种“付出”，但在社区的实践彻底改变了我的看法。 2. 中段常用句式 (1) I took part in volunteering at a local welfare house last semester. As my partner Lucy said, “Working with children there makes me realize the power of companionship—they need care, and I gain happiness.” 上学期我参与了当地福利院的志愿服务。正如我的伙伴露西所说：“和那里的孩子们相处让我意识到陪伴的力量——他们需要关爱，而我收获了快乐。” (2) I tried to organize a community cleaning activity with my classmates. During the process, we learned to cooperate and communicate effectively. A volunteer leader commented, “Volunteering teaches you skills that can’t be learned from books.” 我试着和同学们组织了一次社区清洁活动。在这个过程中，我们学会了有效合作和沟通。一位志愿领队评价道：“志愿服务能教会你书本上学不到的技能。” (3) According to John Ruskin, “The highest reward for a person’s toil is not what they get for it, but what they become by it.” This quote perfectly explains why I keep volunteering—I’ve become more responsible and caring. 约翰·罗斯金曾说：“一个人辛勤付出的最高回报，不是他从中得到的东西，而是他由此成为的人。”这句引言完美诠释了我坚持志愿服务的原因——我变得更有责任感、更懂得关爱他人。 (4) Instead of staying at home on weekends, I choose to help the elderly in the nursing home. They often share their life stories with me, which broadens my horizons and makes me cherish my own life more. 周末我没有待在家里，而是选择去养老院帮助老人。他们经常和我分享人生故事，这拓宽了我的视野，也让我更加珍惜自己的生活。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, I have not only made contributions to the community but also grown into a more mature and kind person through volunteering. 现在，通过志愿服务，我不仅为社区做出了贡献，还成长为一个更成熟、更善良的人。 (2) At present, not only do I understand the true meaning of “giving”, but also I encourage more friends to join volunteer activities—small efforts can make a big difference. 目前，我不仅理解了“付出”的真谛，还鼓励更多朋友加入志愿服务——小小的努力能带来大大的改变。 (3) Thanks to volunteering, I have realized that helping others is helping ourselves. It is a valuable experience that will benefit me for a lifetime. 多亏了志愿服务，我意识到助人即助己。这是一段宝贵的经历，将让我终身受益。 (4) I am more than happy to see that volunteering is becoming more popular among young people, and I believe it will make the world a warmer place. 我非常高兴看到志愿服务在年轻人中越来越受欢迎，也相信它会让世界变得更温暖。 四、范文背诵 Volunteering is a precious experience that brings both personal growth and community warmth. I firmly believe it is a win-win situation that everyone should try. Last year, I volunteered at a nursing home every weekend. I helped the elderly clean their rooms, chat with them, and accompany them to take walks. As one of the grandpas told me, “Your company makes our days less lonely and more colorful.” Besides, Mother Teresa once said, “One should always remember that the actual peace always begins with a smile.” I kept smiling while serving, and found that smiles can bridge the generation gap and bring comfort to others. During the volunteering, I also learned to be patient and responsible—skills that have helped me a lot in daily life. At present, not only have I brought joy to the elderly, but also I have grown into a more caring person. Volunteering teaches us to give generously and cherish what we have. I sincerely hope more people will join volunteer activities to make the world a better place. ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. Worried about her son trapped in flood-stricken area, the mother experienced high levels of ____________. (焦虑) 2. The child seemed a____________ when he found his gift broken. 3. The profile give you a good i____________ of the student. 4. Adam is c____________ that he will get used to senior high school life. 5. Two of the essential qualities a scientist needs to have seem to be c____________ and creativity. 6. My English teacher has joined a nonprofit international ____________ to work as a volunteer. (机构 ) 7. The future of space ____________（探索） remains bright. 8. Many students may feel ____________ （尴尬的）or uncomfortable when they have to give a speech in class. 9. Where is the ____________（实验）being carried out by the students? 10. The twin brothers are alike in appearance but greatly in ____________.（个性） ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 1.（2024・新课标 II 卷）By the time he realized his mistake, the damage ______ (do). 2.（2023・全国乙卷）She ______ (not hear) from her son for months before she received his call. 3.（2022・浙江卷）The project ______ (complete) by the end of last year. 4.（2024・北京卷）It was the first time that he ______ (visit) the Great Wall. 5.（2023・北京卷）By 2022, they ______ (work) together for 10 years. 6.（2022・天津卷）The letters ______ (send) before the company closed down. 7.（2024・浙江卷）When we got there, the concert ______ (already, start). 8.（2023・天津卷）He said he ______ (see) the film before. ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1. ________________________ he realized the importance of lifelong learning.（用强调句：正是通过一次失败的经历，他才意识到终身学习的重要性） 2. By the time she joined the volunteer team, ________________________.（用过去完成时：到她加入志愿团队时，她已经筹集了5000元善款） 3. ________________________, we managed to finish the community cleaning task ahead of time.（用with复合结构：在志愿者们的积极配合下，我们提前完成了社区清洁任务） 4. The fact ________________________ inspired all the students in our class.（用同位语从句：他通过反复试验最终取得突破这一事实，激励了我们班所有学生） 5. It is important that ________________________ when participating in volunteer activities.（用It is important that...句型：参与志愿活动时，我们应该尊重当地的风俗习惯） 6. She asked me ________________________ to the homeless shelter this weekend.（用宾语从句：她问我这个周末是否愿意和她一起去收容所） 7. Since his childhood, ________________________ to help those in need.（用过去完成时表持续影响：从童年起，他就一直立志帮助有需要的人） 8. ________________________ the available learning resources to improve our English skills.（用make use of句型：我们应该充分利用现有的学习资源来提高英语水平） 9. With more and more people becoming aware of environmental protection, ________________________.（用with复合结构：随着越来越多的人意识到环保的重要性，城市的环境变得越来越好） 10. ________________________ made a great difference to the lives of the elderly in the nursing home.（用强调句：正是我们持续的志愿服务，给养老院老人的生活带来了很大改变） 易混词 用法及例句 frequent common usual frequent（adj. 频繁的；时常发生的）：侧重“发生次数多”，强调频率，Unit1词形转换核心词，常用搭配frequent visits/frequent mistakes。 例：He made frequent mistakes in the chemistry experiment due to carelessness. 他因粗心在化学实验中频繁出错。 例：Frequent practice helps improve the ability of reciting poems. 频繁练习有助于提升背诵诗歌的能力。 common（adj. 常见的；普通的）：侧重“普遍存在、众人皆知”，无频率含义。 例：It's common for students to feel nervous when doing experiments for the first time. 学生第一次做实验感到紧张是很常见的。 例：Common sense tells us that we should wear protective gear in the lab. 常识告诉我们在实验室应穿戴防护装备。 usual（adj. 通常的；惯常的）：侧重“符合日常习惯或常规”，强调规律性。 例：She arrived at the lab at her usual time to prepare for the experiment. 她按往常时间到达实验室准备实验。 例：We follow the usual procedure to conduct the trial. 我们按照常规流程进行试验。 suffer endure bear suffer（v. 遭受；蒙受）：侧重“被动承受痛苦、损失或疾病”，常用搭配suffer from sth.，Unit1核心词汇。 例：Many patients suffered from the terrible disease before the new drug was invented. 新药发明前，许多患者饱受这种重病折磨。 例：The experiment team suffered a great defeat because of equipment failure. 实验团队因设备故障遭受了重大失败。 endure（v. 忍受；承受）：侧重“主动长期忍受困难或痛苦”，强调毅力。 例：The scientist endured great pressure to complete the experiment. 这位科学家承受着巨大压力完成实验。 例：She endured the embarrassment and continued her speech in front of the class. 她忍受着尴尬，在全班面前继续演讲。 bear（v. 承受；忍受）：通用用语，可接痛苦、压力、责任等，语气较口语化。 例：He can't bear the smell of chemicals in the lab. 他无法忍受实验室里化学物质的气味。 例：We must bear the responsibility of finishing the research on time. 我们必须承担按时完成研究的责任。 defeat beat conquer defeat（v./n. 击败；失败）：侧重“正式场合下的失败或击败对手”，可指军事、比赛、实验等，Unit1核心词汇。 例：The team suffered a narrow defeat in the experimental competition. 该团队在实验竞赛中惜败。 例：His research plan was defeated by lack of funds. 他的研究计划因缺乏资金而失败。 beat（v. 击败；打败）：侧重“在比赛、竞争中战胜对手”，语气较口语化。 例：Our class beat other classes in the science experiment show. 我们班在科学实验展示中击败了其他班级。 例：He beat all the competitors in the recitation contest. 他在背诵比赛中击败了所有对手。 conquer（v. 征服；克服）：侧重“克服困难、征服自然或占领领土”，语气较强。 例：Scientists conquered many difficulties to develop the new technology. 科学家们克服了许多困难研发出这项新技术。 例：We need to conquer our fear of failure in the process of learning. 我们需要在学习过程中克服对失败的恐惧。 acquire gain obtain acquire（v. 获得；习得）：侧重“通过学习、积累逐步获得知识、技能”，Unit1词形转换核心词。 例：Students acquire practical skills through hands-on experiments. 学生通过动手实验习得实用技能。 例：He acquired a good knowledge of chemistry after years of study. 经过多年学习，他掌握了扎实的化学知识。 gain（v. 获得；得到）：侧重“通过努力或经历获得利益、经验等”，通用型。 例：She gained valuable experience from participating in the volunteer activity. 她从参与志愿服务中获得了宝贵经验。 例：The team gained the support of the school for their research project. 团队的研究项目获得了学校的支持。 obtain（v. 获得；取得）：侧重“通过正式申请、努力获得所需之物”，语气较正式。 例：The researcher obtained funding from the government to carry out the experiment. 这位研究者获得了政府资助以开展实验。 例：We need to obtain permission before using the lab equipment. 使用实验室设备前我们需要获得许可。 compose write create compose（v. 撰写；作曲）：侧重“创作有一定艺术价值的作品，如文章、乐曲”，Unit1核心词汇。 例：The poet composed a poem about the beauty of scientific exploration. 这位诗人创作了一首关于科学探索之美的诗。 例：He composed a report on the experimental results. 他撰写了一份实验结果报告。 write（v. 写；书写）：通用用语，可指任何书写行为，语气通俗。 例：She wrote down the experimental steps carefully in her notebook. 她在笔记本上仔细写下实验步骤。 例：Students are required to write an essay about "learning by doing". 学生被要求写一篇关于“做中学”的作文。 create（v. 创造；创作）：侧重“创造出前所未有的事物”，范围更广。 例：Scientists create new materials through repeated experiments. 科学家通过反复实验创造出新材料。 例：The volunteer team created a new activity to raise funds for the orphanage. 志愿团队创造了一项新活动为孤儿院筹集资金。 volunteer participate join volunteer（v./n. 自愿做；志愿者）：侧重“自愿无偿参与某项活动”，Unit2核心词汇，常用搭配volunteer to do sth./volunteer for sth.。 例：Many students volunteer to help clean the community. 许多学生自愿帮助清洁社区。 例：He works as a volunteer in the local welfare house. 他在当地福利院做志愿者。 participate（v. 参与；参加）：侧重“主动参与活动，强调参与过程”，常用搭配participate in sth.。 例：All students are encouraged to participate in the science experiment competition. 鼓励所有学生参与科学实验竞赛。 例：She participated in the campaign to raise environmental awareness. 她参与了提升环保意识的活动。 join（v. 加入；参加）：侧重“加入某个组织、团体或正在进行的活动”。 例：He joined the school's volunteer organization last semester. 他上学期加入了学校的志愿组织。 例：Can I join you in the experiment preparation? 我能和你们一起准备实验吗？ donate contribute dedicate donate（v. 捐赠；赠送）：侧重“无偿捐赠财物给需要的人或组织”，Unit2核心词汇，常用搭配donate sth. to sb./sth.。 例：He donated all his savings to the wildlife conservation organization. 他把所有积蓄捐赠给了野生动物保护组织。 例：Many people donated clothes and food to the homeless shelter. 许多人向收容所捐赠衣物和食物。 contribute（v. 贡献；捐献）：侧重“为某一目标贡献力量、时间或财物”，常用搭配contribute to sth./contribute sth. to sth.。 例：Everyone should contribute to protecting the environment. 每个人都应为保护环境做贡献。 例：She contributed her time to helping the elderly in the nursing home. 她花时间帮助养老院的老人。 dedicate（v. 奉献；致力于）：侧重“将自己、时间或精力献给崇高目标”，语气较庄重。 例：The scientist dedicated his life to medical research. 这位科学家毕生致力于医学研究。 例：She dedicated herself to the volunteer service for children. 她致力于为儿童服务的志愿工作。 promote advance further promote（v. 促进；推动；晋升）：侧重“促进事物发展、推广理念或职位晋升”，Unit2核心词汇。 例：The campaign aims to promote environmental protection awareness. 这项活动旨在提升环保意识。 例：He was promoted because of his excellent performance in the volunteer project. 他因在志愿项目中的出色表现而获得晋升。 advance（v. 推进；促进；n. 进步）：侧重“使事物向前发展、取得进步”，语气较正式。 例：The new technology advances the development of experimental science. 这项新技术推进了实验科学的发展。 例：We need to advance the research project before the deadline. 我们需要在截止日期前推进研究项目。 further（v. 促进；推进；adj. 进一步的）：侧重“在原有基础上进一步发展”，常用搭配further one's study/further the cause。 例：He went abroad to further his study in chemistry. 他出国深造化学。 例：The volunteer activity further strengthened the bond between students and the community. 志愿服务进一步加强了学生与社区的联系。 urge advise persuade urge（v. 敦促；力劝）：侧重“强烈要求、催促某人做某事”，语气较强烈，Unit2核心词汇，常用搭配urge sb. to do sth.。 例：The teacher urged the students to finish the experimental report on time. 老师敦促学生按时完成实验报告。 例：The organization urged the government to take measures to protect wildlife. 该组织敦促政府采取措施保护野生动物。 advise（v. 建议；劝告）：侧重“基于经验或专业知识给出建议”，语气较温和，常用搭配advise sb. to do sth.。 例：The doctor advised him to take a rest after the experiment. 医生建议他实验后休息一下。 例：She advised the volunteer team to organize more meaningful activities. 她建议志愿团队组织更多有意义的活动。 persuade（v. 说服；劝说）：侧重“通过劝说使某人改变想法并采取行动”，常用搭配persuade sb. to do sth.。 例：He persuaded his classmates to join the volunteer activity. 他说服同学们加入志愿服务。 例：The researcher persuaded the school to provide more funds for the experiment. 这位研究者说服学校为实验提供更多资金。 criticize blame condemn criticize（v. 批评；指责）：侧重“对某人的行为、作品进行评论性批评，指出不足”，Unit2核心词汇。 例：The teacher criticized him for being careless in the experiment. 老师批评他实验中粗心大意。 例：Some people criticized the campaign for being ineffective. 有些人批评这项活动效果不佳。 blame（v./n. 责备；责怪）：侧重“将错误或失败归咎于某人”，常用搭配blame sb. for sth.。 例：Don't blame him for the experiment failure; it's not his fault. 不要因实验失败责怪他，这不是他的错。 例：The blame for the delay lies with the equipment supplier. 延误的责任在于设备供应商。 condemn（v. 谴责；指责）：侧重“强烈谴责不道德或违法的行为”，语气最强。 例：People condemned the act of destroying the experimental data. 人们谴责破坏实验数据的行为。 例：The organization condemned the illegal hunting of wildlife. 该组织谴责非法捕猎野生动物的行为。 assume suppose presume assume（v. 假定；认为）：侧重“在缺乏证据的情况下主观假定”，Unit2核心词汇。 例：He assumed that the experiment would succeed without careful preparation. 他没做充分准备就假定实验会成功。 例：We can't assume the result before conducting the trial. 进行试验前我们不能假定结果。 suppose（v. 假设；认为）：侧重“提出假设用于论证或委婉表达看法”，常用搭配suppose that/suppose sb. to do。 例：Suppose we change the experimental method, will the result be better? 假设我们改变实验方法，结果会更好吗？ 例：I suppose he will join the volunteer team. 我认为他会加入志愿团队。 presume（v. 假定；推定）：侧重“基于合理证据或常识推定某事为真”，语气较正式。 例：We presume that the data is accurate because it's tested twice. 我们推定这些数据是准确的，因为它经过了两次测试。 例：The police presumed that he was involved in the case based on the evidence. 警方根据证据推定他与该案有关。 deliver transport convey deliver（v. 履行；交付；递送）：侧重“交付物品、履行承诺或发表演讲”，Unit2核心词汇。 例：The company promised to deliver the experimental equipment on time. 该公司承诺按时交付实验设备。 例：She delivered a speech about her volunteer experience at the meeting. 她在会议上发表了关于自己志愿经历的演讲。 transport（v./n. 运输；运送）：侧重“将人或物从一地运输到另一地”，侧重运输过程。 例：The experimental samples were transported to the lab by special vehicle. 实验样本通过专用车辆运送到实验室。 例：The organization transports relief supplies to the disaster area. 该组织向灾区运输救援物资。 convey（v. 传达；表达；运送）：侧重“传达思想、情感或运送少量物品”。 例：He tried to convey his idea about the experiment to the team. 他试图向团队传达自己关于实验的想法。 例：The letter conveys her gratitude to the volunteer team. 这封信表达了她对志愿团队的感激之情。 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $