专题01 选择性必修第一册Unit 1～2单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高二英语上学期人教版

该高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit1-2单元知识清单，系统梳理词汇（含词类转换、识词知意）、高频短语、核心句型、单元写作及语法应用，搭建从基础积累到综合语言运用的递进式学习支架。 清单采用“词类转换分级表”“易混词对比辨析”“高考真题语法填空”等设计，如vital/crucial/essential用法对比培养思维品质，写作模块提供“话题词汇+范文模板”提升语言能力，不同基础学生可针对性练习，教师可直接用于课堂教学与分层辅导，助力高效备课与学生自主学习。

专题01 选择性必修第一册Unit 1~2单元词汇短语句型梳理 ( 清单 01 词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) Unit1 1.________ adj. 必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的→________ adv. 极其→________ n. 生命力;活力;热情 2.________ adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→________ vt. 承诺;保证;犯(错误、罪行等);花(钱/时间)　vi. 忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→________ n. 投入;承诺 3.________ n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校→________ adj. 学业的;学术的→________ adv. 学业上;学术上 4.________ n. 目标;目的 adj. 客观的→________ n. 物体;目标 v. 反对→________ n. 客观性→________ adj. 主观的 5.________ adj. 植物学的→________ n. 植物学→________ n. 植物学家 6.________ vt. 评价;评估→________ n. 评价;评估 7.________ vt. & vi. (使)沸腾;煮开;烧开　vi. 怒火中烧;异常气愤　n. 沸腾;沸点→________ adj. 煮开的→________ adj. 沸腾的 8.________ adj. 清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→________ adj. 独特的;有特色的→________ n. 差别;区别 9.________ vt. (尤指经努力)获得;赢得　vi. (规章、习俗等)存在;流行→________ adj. 可得到的 10.________ vt. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢　(微笑、挥手等)致意;告知收悉→________ n. 承认;确认;感谢 11.________ vt. 分析→________ n. 分析师;分析家→________ n. 分析→________ (pl.) 12.________ adv. 显而易见;看来;显然→________ adj. 显而易见的;明显的 13.________ vi. & vt. 坚持;坚决要求;坚持说→________ adj. 坚决要求的;坚持的;固执的→________ n. 坚决要求;坚持;固执 14.________ adj. 科学(上)的;关于科学的→________ adv. 合乎科学地→________ n. 科学→________ n. 科学家 15.________ adv. 主要地;一般地→________ adv. 最;非常;几乎;差不多　adj. & pron. 最多(的),最大(的);大多数(的) 16.________ n. 结论;推论;结束;结尾→________ vt. 下结论;得出结论　vt. & vi. (使)结束,终止→________ adj. 不容置疑的;确凿的 17.________ n. 小说家→________ n. (长篇)小说　adj. 新颖的;珍奇的→________ n. 新奇;新颖;新鲜 18.________ vt. 创建;建立;把……建立在→________ n. 创建者,创办者→________ n. 创建;地基;基础→________/________ (过去式/过去分词) 19.________ vt. 推断;推定→________ n. 推断;推论→________/________ (过去式/过去分词) 20.________ n. 从政者;政治家;政客→________ n. 政治→________ adj. 与政治有关的 21.________ n. 流;流动;流畅;供应　vi. 流;流动→________/________ (过去式/过去分词) 22.________ n. 图表　vt. 记录;制订计划;绘制(区域)的地图→________ adj. 地图上未绘出(或未标明)的 23.________ vi. & vt. 迅速离开;逃跑→________/________/________ (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 24.________ adj. 至关重要的;关键性的→________ adv. 至关重要地;关键性地 25.________ n. 理论;学说→________ adj. 理论上的→________ adv. 理论上 26.________ n. 相对论;相对性→________ adj. 相对的　n. 亲戚→________ v. 叙述;使有联系;有关联→________ n. 关系,联系,交往;亲属 27.________ adj. 温柔的;文静的→________ adv. 温柔地;温和地 28.________ n. 酷爱;激情→________ adj. 热情的;狂热的 29.________ adv. 逐渐地;逐步地→________ adj. 逐渐的 30.________ n. 社会公共机构;制度;习俗→________ n. (教育、专业等)机构;机构建筑→________ adj. 机构的;惯例化的 31.________ n. 结果;后果→________ adj. 随之发生的;作为结果的→________ adv. 结果;因此 32.________ adj. 非凡的;显著的→________ adv. 惊人地→________ v. & n. 谈论;评论 33.________ adj. 不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的→________ adv. 极其,不寻常地 34.________ vi. 总结;概括　n. 金额;款项;总数;总和　________ vt. & vi. 总结;概括;概述 35.________ n. 天才;天资; 天赋→________ (pl.) Unit2 1.________ vt. 劝说;说服;使信服;使相信→________ n. 说服;信仰→________ adj. 有说服力的 2.________ adj. 遥远的;远处的;疏远的;心不在焉的→________ adv. 遥远地;疏远地,冷淡地;恍惚地→________ n. 距离;远处;冷淡;疏远　vt. 拉开距离;使疏远 3.________ adj. 安全的;安心的;可靠的;牢固的;有把握的　vt. 获得;拴牢;保护→________ adv. 锁牢了地→________ n. 保护措施;安全;担保 4.________ adj. 远程的;偏远的→________ adv. 远程地;遥控地→________ n. 遥远;偏僻 5.________ adj. 自动的→________ adv. 自动地→________ n. 自动化 6.________ vi. & vt. (使)合并;成为一体→________ adj. 各部分密切协调的;综合的→________ n. 结合;整合;一体化 7.________ adj. 效率高的;有功效的→________ adv. 有效地→________ n. 效率;功率→________ adj. 无效的 8.________ n. 爱好;偏爱→________ v. 较喜欢→________/________/________ (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)→________ adj. 较适合;更可取→________ adv. 较适合地;最好是→________ adj. 优先的;优待的 9.________ n. 瞬间;片刻　adj. 立即的;速食的;速溶的→________ adv. 立刻;马上 10.________ n. 指令;命令;控制;掌握　vt. 命令;控制　应得;俯瞰→________ n. 指挥官→________ adj. 指挥的;威严的;视野宽阔的 11.________ vi. & vt. 服从;遵守→________ vi. & vt. 不服从;不遵守 12.________ n. 警告;警示;先兆→________ v. 警告;警示 13.________ adj. 不断的;重复的;不变的　n. 常数;常量→________ adv. 始终;一直 14.________ adj. 不正常的;反常的→________ adj. 正常的　n. 常态;通常标准;一般水平→________ adv. 正常地 15.________ adj. 严重的;关键的;批判性的→________ adv. 严重地;批判性地;批评性地→________ vi. & vt. 批评;挑剔;指责　vt. 评论→________ n. 批评;批判;评论→________ n. 评论家;批评者;挑剔的人 16.________ adj. 可能的;潜在的　n. 潜力;可能性→________ adv. 潜在地;可能地 17.________ vi. & vt. 漏;渗漏;透露　n. 漏洞;裂缝;透露→________ adj. 有漏洞的;有漏隙的;渗漏的→________ n. 泄漏量;漏损量;泄漏;渗漏 18.________ adj. 电的;用电的;与电有关的→________ n. 电→________ adj. 电的;电动的;用电的　充满刺激的;令人激动的 19.________ n. 电线;金属丝(或线)　vt. 接通电源;将……连接到→________ n. 电线线路;线路系统 20.________ vt. 发现;查明→________ n. 侦查;探测;察觉;发现→________ n. 侦探→________ n. 探测器;侦察器;检测器 21.________ adj. 有关的;有意义的→________ adj. 不相关的;无关紧要的→________ n. 相关性;意义 22.________ n. 幻想;想象→________ adj. 奇异的;空想的;异想天开的→________ adv. 想象中地;奇特地;难以置信地 23.________ n. 创新;创造→________ vt. 引入(新事物、思想或方法);创新;改革→________ adj. 引进新思想的;采用新方法的;革新的;创新的 24.________ adj. 可获得的;可购得的;(人)有空的→________ n. 可用;可得到;有空闲 25.________ n. 结构;体系 vt. 系统安排;精心组织→________ adj. 结构上的→________ adj. 有结构的;有组织的 26.________ n. 犯罪活动;不法行为→________ n. 罪犯　adj. 犯罪的;犯法的;涉及犯罪的 27.________ vt. & vi. (使)结合;混合　vt. 兼有;兼做→________ n. 结合(体);混合(体)→________ adj. 联合的;共同的;加在一起的 28.________ adj. 人工的;人造的;假的→________ adv. 人工地;人为地;不自然地 29.________ vt. 预测;预言;预料→________ n. 预测;预言→________ adj. 可预见的;意料之中的→________ n. 可预测性 30.________ n. 职业;占领→________ vt. 占领;占据;使用,占用;居住;使忙于;忙着→________ adj. 使用中;占用的;被占领的;忙于……的 31.________ vt. 反对;抵制;阻挠　与……角逐→________ adj. 反对的;对立的→________ adj. 对立的;相竞争的;对抗的→________ n. 反对,反抗,对抗 32.________ vi. & vt. (使)停止;终止→________ adj. 持续的;不停的 33.________ n. 不存在;缺乏;缺席;不在→________ adj. 缺席的;不在场的　心不在焉的;出神的　vt. 缺席;不参加;不在 34.________ vt. 提倡;支持;拥护　n. 提倡者;支持者;拥护者→________ n. 拥护,支持,提倡 35.________ n. 强调;重视;重要性→________ vt. 强调;重视;使突出→________ vt. 过分强调; 过于重视 36.________ n. 奢华→________ adj. 十分舒适的;奢侈的→________ adv. 豪华地;奢侈地 37.________ vi. & vt. 抵制;反抗;抵挡;忍住 vt. 使不受伤害;抗(伤害)→________ adj. 抵制的;有抵抗力的;抗……的;耐……的→________ n. 抵制;抵抗;抗力;阻力 38.________ adj. 精确的;准确的→________ adv. 精确地;准确地→________ adj. 不精确的;不准确的→________ n. 准确;精确 39.________ n. 文章;论说文→________ n. 散文作家 40.________ n. 图书管理员;图书馆馆长→________ n. 图书馆 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) Unit 1 1.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的（adj.） _________ 2.（使）沸腾；煮开；烧开（vt. & vi.）；沸腾；沸点（n.） _________ 3.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得（vt.）；（规章、习俗等）存在；流行（vi.） _________ 4.失败；挫败（n.）；击败；战胜（vt.） _________ 5.显而易见；看来；显然（adv.） _________ 6.坚持；坚决要求（vi. & vt.） _________ 7.主要地；一般地（adv.） _________ 8.迅速离开；逃跑（vi. & vt.） _________ 9.条件；环境；状况（n.，通常 pl.） _________ 10.流；流动；流畅；供应（n.）；流；流动（vi.） _________ Unit2 1．knob　n．_________ 2．appliance n_________ 3．remote control_________ 4．air conditioner_________ 5．sensor n．_________ 6．mode n．_________ 7．electrical adj._________ 8．wiring n．_________ 9．wire n．_________vt._________ 10．innovation n．________11．nanobot n．_________ 12．clone vt._________n_________ 13．cease v_________ 14．deceased adj._________ 15．signpost n．_________ ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) Unit 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.________________承诺;保证 2.________________ 坚定而耐心的科学家 3.________________以……为目的 4.________________ 至关重要的疗法 5.________________遇到困难 6.________________承认失败 7.________ the liquid获得液体 8.________ the extract提取提取物 9.________________证明中医的巨大价值 10.________________伟大的意义 11.________________决不;无论如何不 12.________________得出结论 13.________________流程图 14.________________偶然间 15.________________坚决要求 16.wear and ________磨损;损耗 17.________________为社会做出无数的贡献 18.serve as ________________做个好榜样 19.__________________结果 20.__________________ knowledge由于酷爱知识 21.__________________ (开始)掌权;上台 22.__________________去世 23.__________________专利局 24.__________________担任;任职 25.__________________ 发表杰出的论文 26.__________________凭借;利用 27.__________________竖起来 28.__________________总结;概括 Unit 2 1.________________过智能生活 2.________________使……安全 3.________________关/开(电灯、机器等) 4.get into ________________进入节能模式 5.________________持续记录 6.________________ 日常生活和偏好 7.________________在初期;早先 8.________________着火 9.__________________ 从这种意义上来讲 10.________________注意所有开关 11.________________未来职业 12.________________天气预报 13.________ system监测系统 14.________________严重的疾病 15.________________定期健康检查 16.________________检测健康问题 17.________________只得做 18.________________ 不例外;无例外 19.write ________写文章 20.________ areas乡村地区 21.__________________可怕的前景 22.__________________没有;缺乏 23.__________________ (与……)保持联系;了解 24.__________________ 结交更多的朋友 25.__________________使某人安心 26.__________________ 进入最佳状态 27.________________ of change 看到变化积极的一面 28.________________ hard work, family and community强调勤劳、家庭和社区 ( 清单 04 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) ) 1.Einstein was not only a genius; he was ______________________________ loved by many people. 爱因斯坦不仅是一个天才,还是一个勇敢而善良的人,受到许多人的喜爱。 2.While working there, ______________________________________, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. 在此工作期间,出于对知识的强烈热情,他继续学习,并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。 3.Upon hearing that she ①________ (award) the Nobel Prize, she said, “②________ honour is not just mine. There is a team ③________ me, and all the people of my country. This success ④________ (prove) the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s ⑤________ (science) research and Chinese medicine ⑥________ (spread) around the world.” 4.These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide ______________________________________. 这些智能住宅将使我们安全,节省能源,并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。 5.Your lights will come on ____________________________ along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will __________________________________________. 你一进家门,灯就会亮起,还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放),而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。 ( 清单 05 单元写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) Unit 1 一、单元写作任务：报道有成就的人物 本部分常考的写作话题是“介绍有成就的人物”，要求写一篇关于杰出人物（如科学家、学者、普通人中的榜样等）的报道或介绍。核心在于突出人物的主要经历、核心贡献及精神品质，介绍时多用第三人称，时态以一般过去时为主，描述人物影响可适当使用现在完成时。 二、通用表达 1. 话题词汇 (1) 杰出人物 outstanding figure (2) 致力于 devote oneself to (3) 取得突破 make a breakthrough (4) 克服困难 overcome difficulties (5) 做出贡献 make a contribution to (6) 坚持不懈 perseverance (7) 无私奉献 selfless dedication (8) 获得荣誉 gain honors (9) 深受尊敬 be deeply respected (10) 启发他人 inspire others (11) 专注于 focus on (12) 实现目标 accomplish goals 2. 话题句式 （1）段首句 ① Tu Youyou, a renowned Chinese pharmacologist, is a great achiever who has made extraordinary contributions to global medical health. 屠呦呦，中国著名药学家，是一位为全球医疗卫生事业做出非凡贡献的杰出人物。 ② When it comes to the person I admire most, Yuan Longping, the "Father of Hybrid Rice," is definitely the one that comes to my mind first. 说到我最敬佩的人，“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平无疑是我首先想到的。 （2）主体段落 ① It was in the 1960s that Tu Youyou began to focus on the research of artemisinin to tackle malaria, a disease that threatened millions of lives. 20世纪60年代，屠呦呦开始专注于青蒿素的研究，以攻克威胁数百万人生命的疟疾。 ② Despite countless failures and harsh conditions, she never gave up and finally discovered the effective ingredient in artemisinin after years of hard work. 尽管经历了无数次失败和艰苦的条件，她从未放弃，经过多年的努力，终于发现了青蒿素中的有效成分。 ③ Yuan Longping devoted his entire life to improving hybrid rice yields, aiming to solve the problem of food shortage around the world. 袁隆平毕生致力于提高杂交水稻产量，旨在解决全球粮食短缺问题。 ④ His research has not only helped China feed a large population but also benefited many countries in Africa and Asia. 他的研究不仅帮助中国养活了众多人口，还惠及了非洲和亚洲的许多国家。 （3）段尾句 ① With her perseverance and dedication, Tu Youyou is deeply respected by people all over the world and sets a great example for young generations. 凭借着坚持不懈的精神和无私奉献，屠呦呦深受全球人民的尊敬，为年轻一代树立了良好的榜样。 ② Such is Yuan Longping—a person who dedicates his life to the public good, and his spirit will continue to inspire us to pursue our dreams. 这就是袁隆平——一个将一生奉献给公益事业的人，他的精神将继续激励我们追求梦想。 三、范文背诵 Tu Youyou, a renowned Chinese pharmacologist, is a great achiever who has made extraordinary contributions to global medical health.It was in the 1960s that Tu Youyou began to focus on the research of artemisinin to tackle malaria, a disease that threatened millions of lives. At that time, the research conditions were extremely tough, but she never hesitated. She and her team collected hundreds of herbal samples and conducted countless experiments. Despite facing numerous failures, they persisted in exploring and finally discovered the effective ingredient in artemisinin in 1972, which has saved millions of lives worldwide.With her perseverance and dedication, Tu Youyou is deeply respected by people all over the world and sets a great example for young generations. She proves that as long as we stick to our goals and work hard, we can make remarkable achievements. Unit 2 本部分常考的写作话题是“围绕科技应用提建议”，要求写一封建议信，针对科技使用中的问题（如过度依赖电子产品、校园科技设施优化、科技助力学习等）向他人（朋友、学校、社区等）提出合理建议。建议信需贴合“未来科技”单元主题，观点务实礼貌，理由充分有说服力，内容通常包括：1. 说明写信目的（点出科技相关的具体问题）；2. 提出2-3条针对性建议及理由；3. 表达希望建议被采纳并送上祝愿。 二、通用表达 1. 开门见山，点明写信目的（贴合科技场景） (1) I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to use technology properly in daily study. 很高兴收到你的来信，征求我关于如何在日常学习中合理使用科技的建议。 (2) I’m worried that you are overly dependent on electronic devices, which has affected your study and rest. 我很担心你过度依赖电子设备，这已经影响了你的学习和休息。 (3) Knowing that our school plans to update campus technological facilities, I am writing to share some suggestions with you. 得知我校计划更新校园科技设施，我写信来分享一些建议。 2. 给出具体建议及理由（结合科技应用场景） (1) I feel that it would be helpful if you set a daily time limit for using mobile phones, as this can help you focus on your studies and protect your eyes. 我觉得如果你设定每日使用手机的时限会很有帮助，因为这能让你专注于学习并保护视力。 (2) To start with, you can use educational apps to assist with your lessons—many of them provide interactive exercises that make learning more interesting. Then, besides, try to replace online chatting with face-to-face communication occasionally, which can strengthen your relationships. 首先，你可以使用教育类应用辅助学习——很多应用提供互动练习，让学习更有趣。其次，偶尔尝试用面对面交流代替线上聊天，这能增进彼此的感情。 (3) I think it would be a good idea if our school adds more smart reading corners. By doing this, students can use e-readers to access more books conveniently and experience the benefits of technological progress. 我认为我校增设更多智能阅读角会是个好主意。这样一来，学生们可以通过电子阅读器便捷获取更多书籍，感受科技进步的好处。 3. 希望采纳建议，表达祝愿 (1) I hope you will find these suggestions helpful in balancing technology use and daily life. 希望这些建议能帮助你平衡科技使用与日常生活。 (2) I believe the school will take my suggestions into account to make our campus more technologically friendly. 我相信学校会考虑我的建议，让我们的校园在科技应用方面更便捷。 (3) I’m looking forward to seeing positive changes brought by reasonable use of technology. Best wishes! 期待看到合理使用科技带来的积极变化，祝你一切顺利！ 三、范文背诵 Dear Zhang Wei, I’m worried that you are overly dependent on electronic devices recently—you spend too much time playing online games and browsing short videos, which has affected your study and sleep. Knowing your trouble, I am writing to share some advice with you. First of all, I recommend you set a strict daily time limit for using non-educational apps—for example, no more than one hour a day. This can help you free up more time for homework and rest. What’s more, it would be a good idea to use technology to assist your study instead. You can download educational apps like English listening tools or math problem-solving platforms, which can make learning more efficient and interesting. Finally, why not join after-school activities with classmates? By doing this, you can reduce screen time and strengthen your friendships through real interactions. I do hope these suggestions will help you use technology in a more reasonable way. Looking forward to hearing your good news soon! Best Wishes, Li Hua ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists ________ the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers ________ (choose). 2.The two flowers are quite distinct ________ one another, so it is easy to make a ________ (distinct) between them. 3.She spends a lot of time ________ her patients’ dreams. This ________ is very helpful, explaining their daily behaviour very well. (analyse) 4.Lu Xun, ________ (acknowledge) as one of the greatest modern writers in China, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. 5.At other times, the reason is given right after the opinion or ________ (decide), and the link can ________ (infer). 6.In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, ________ malaria was more common, ________ (study) malaria patients. 7.________ (use) a lower temperature to draw ________ the extract, she found a substance ________ worked. 8.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment ________ malaria, and is thought ________ (save) 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. 9.The sensors can detect anything ________ (instant) and ________ (automatic) call someone to come and fix it. 10.They can warn you early on if there is something ________ (normal) or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and ________ (potential) save your life. 11.Your home will also learn your ________ (day) routine and ________ (prefer). 12.I know that you are really ________ (worry) about your future career, so I wanted to write this letter to put your mind ________ rest. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 1.（2024・新课标Ⅰ卷）Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion ________ making the great outdoors accessible to all.（ ） 2.（2023・浙江高考1月）Instructors are ________ (passion) educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check.（ ） 3.（2022・新高考Ⅱ卷）Even though this technique won’t work ________ everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw ________.（ ） 4.（新高考Ⅰ卷）The next minute, the porridge ________ (boil) over and put out the fire.（ ） 5.（2024・北京高考）During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I ________ (obtain) just one plant I could use for experiments.（ ） 6.The ________ (novel) was about to postpone the meeting when he spotted leaves moving ________ (gentle) in the breeze. He realized the weather had ________ (gradual) become warmer.（ ） 7.________ (found) in 1985 in Beijing, it is now a nation-wide organization, where the performance of the employees ________ (evaluate) annually.（ ） 8.________ (apparent), the young athlete ________ (defeat) in the tournament, and he was so sad that he burst into tears and ________ (flee).（ ） 9.Inside the nature reserve, one can find layer upon layer of mountains and valleys, clear streams ________ (flow) into deep blue lakes, and mighty frozen waterfalls ________ form shimmering ice cascades in winter, making for ________ even more spectacular landscape.（ ） 10.（2024・新课标Ⅰ卷）“I am not crazy,” says Dr.William Farber, shortly after ________ (perform) acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.”（ ） 11.（2024・新课标Ⅰ卷）There is a ________ (warn) for strong winds up to 100 kilometers per hour.（ ） 12.（2024・新课标Ⅰ卷）The ________ (innovate) design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.（ ） 13.（2024・新课标Ⅱ卷）Such ________ (structure) thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.（ ） 14.（2023・浙江高考1月）I experienced this when I started switching ________ a zero waste lifestyle five years ago.（ ） 15.（2022・新高考Ⅰ卷）Short writings missed as a result of an excused ________ (absent) will be accepted.（ ） ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1.Tu Youyou, who medical research, was awarded the Nobel Prize.（屠呦呦毕生致力于医学研究，她获得了诺贝尔奖。 2 she failed more than 190 times that she finally discovered artemisinin.（直到失败了 190 多次，她才最终发现了青蒿素。 3.The reason is that he always puts others' interests first.（他受到所有人尊敬的原因是他总是把别人的利益放在首位。 4.As is known to all, his inventions our daily life.（众所周知，他的发明给我们的日常生活带来了巨大变化。 5. smart homes will become more common in the next 20 years.（据预测，智能家居将在未来 20 年变得更加普遍。 6. the development of artificial intelligence, we will be living a more convenient life.（多亏了人工智能的发展，我们将过上更便捷的生活。 7. we invest in new technology, the better our future life will be.（我们在新技术上投入越多，未来的生活就会越好。 8. , it may also cause some problems such as job loss.（虽然科技带来了许多好处，但它也可能导致一些问题，比如失业。 易混词 用法及例句 vital crucial essential vital（adj. 至关重要的）：强调事物必不可少，影响整体成败，常用搭配be vital to/for。 例：Adequate funding is vital to the medical research on malaria. 充足的资金对疟疾医学研究至关重要。 crucial（adj. 关键性的）：侧重关键节点或决定性时刻的重要性，语气强于vital。 例：Finding the effective ingredient was a crucial step in Tu Youyou’s experiment. 找到有效成分是屠呦呦实验中的关键一步。 essential（adj. 必需的）：强调事物的基础属性，不可缺少，常用搭配be essential for/to。 例：Patience is essential for scientists engaged in long-term research. 耐心对于从事长期研究的科学家来说是必需的。 commit devote dedicate commit（v. 致力于；承诺）：侧重对目标、责任的正式承诺，常用搭配commit oneself to doing。 例：She committed herself to the study of traditional Chinese medicine for decades. 她数十年致力于中医药研究。 devote（v. 奉献；致力于）：侧重全身心投入，情感色彩浓厚，常用搭配devote sth. to doing。 例：Yuan Longping devoted his entire life to improving hybrid rice yields. 袁隆平毕生致力于提高杂交水稻产量。 dedicate（v. 奉献；献给）：侧重将自身或事物献给崇高目标，语气更正式，常用搭配dedicate sth. to sb./sth.。 例：The scientist dedicated her discovery to her country and people. 这位科学家将自己的发现献给国家和人民。 obtain gain acquire obtain（v. 获得；赢得）：侧重通过努力、申请等正式方式获得，书面语常用。 例：Tu Youyou obtained the Nobel Prize for her contribution to malaria treatment. 屠呦呦因在疟疾治疗方面的贡献获得诺贝尔奖。 gain（v. 获得；得到）：侧重通过努力或经历逐渐获得利益、技能等，口语和书面语通用。 例：He gained valuable experience by participating in international scientific conferences. 他通过参加国际科学会议获得了宝贵经验。 acquire（v. 习得；获取）：侧重通过学习、积累逐步获得知识、技能等。 例：Scientists need to acquire comprehensive knowledge in multiple fields. 科学家需要在多个领域习得全面知识。 acknowledge admit recognize acknowledge（v. 承认；感谢）：侧重公开承认事实或权威，或正式感谢，语气较正式。 例：The researcher acknowledged the support of her team in her speech. 这位研究者在演讲中感谢了团队的支持。 admit（v. 承认；容许）：侧重承认错误、过失或不愿承认的事实，语气较口语化。 例：He admitted making a mistake in the data analysis and corrected it immediately. 他承认数据分析中出了错，并立即纠正。 recognize（v. 认出；认可）：侧重认出熟悉的人/物，或认可成就、地位。 例：The scientific community finally recognized the value of his innovative theory. 科学界最终认可了他创新理论的价值。 analyse examine inspect analyse（v. 分析；剖析）：侧重对数据、现象等进行系统拆解研究，学术场景常用。 例：The team analysed the chemical composition of the plant extract carefully. 团队仔细分析了植物提取物的化学成分。 examine（v. 检查；审视）：侧重对事物进行细致查看以确认状况、质量。 例：Doctors examined the experimental data to evaluate the treatment’s effect. 医生检查了实验数据以评估治疗效果。 inspect（v. 视察；检查）：侧重官方或专业的检查，以确保符合标准。 例：The authority inspected the laboratory to ensure safety standards were met. 当局视察了实验室以确保符合安全标准。 insist persist adhere to insist（v. 坚持；坚决要求）：侧重坚持观点、要求或主张，常用搭配insist on doing/that从句（虚拟语气）。 例：She insisted on repeating the experiment to confirm the result. 她坚持重复实验以确认结果。 persist（v. 坚持；持续）：侧重不顾困难或反对，持续做某事，常用搭配persist in doing。 例：Despite failures, the scientist persisted in exploring the new treatment. 尽管失败多次，这位科学家仍坚持探索新疗法。 adhere to（v. 坚持；遵守）：侧重遵守规则、原则或承诺，书面语常用。 例：Researchers must adhere to ethical standards in medical experiments. 研究者在医学实验中必须遵守伦理标准。 conclude deduce infer conclude（v. 推断；得出结论）：侧重基于证据或逻辑推理得出最终结论，常用搭配conclude from/that。 例：They concluded from the data that the extract was effective against malaria. 他们从数据中得出结论，该提取物对疟疾有效。 deduce（v. 演绎；推断）：侧重通过严谨的逻辑推导得出结论。 例：The detective deduced the cause of the accident from the experimental records. 研究者从实验记录中推导出事故原因。 infer（v. 推断；推定）：侧重基于间接证据或线索进行合理推测。 例：We can infer from his research notes that he had foreseen the result. 我们从他的研究笔记中可以推断他早已预见了这个结果。 remarkable extraordinary outstanding remarkable（adj. 非凡的；显著的）：侧重因不寻常或出众而引人注意，语气较温和。 例：Her remarkable achievement in pharmacology won worldwide praise. 她在药理学方面的非凡成就赢得了全球赞誉。 extraordinary（adj. 非凡的；意想不到的）：侧重超出常规，令人惊叹，语气强。 例：Einstein made extraordinary contributions to the development of physics. 爱因斯坦对物理学的发展做出了非凡贡献。 outstanding（adj. 杰出的；突出的）：侧重在同类中表现出众，常用於形容人或成就。 例：He is an outstanding scientist who has devoted his life to innovation. 他是一位杰出的科学家，毕生致力于创新。 persuade convince induce persuade（v. 说服；劝说）：侧重通过劝说使某人改变想法或做某事，常用搭配persuade sb. to do。 例：She persuaded her team to try the new experimental method. 她说服团队尝试新的实验方法。 convince（v. 使信服；说服）：侧重通过证据或理由使某人相信某事，常用搭配convince sb. of/that。 例：The data convinced the experts of the treatment’s effectiveness. 数据让专家们信服了该疗法的有效性。 induce（v. 诱导；促使）：侧重通过影响或刺激使某人做某事，语气较正式。 例：The smart system induces users to form energy-saving habits. 该智能系统诱导用户养成节能习惯。 secure safe protected secure（adj. 安全的；牢固的；v. 获得；保护）：侧重环境安全、状态稳固，或通过努力确保安全。 例：The smart home system keeps residents secure from potential dangers. 智能家居系统保护居民免受潜在危险。 safe（adj. 安全的；无危险的）：通用型词汇，侧重没有风险或伤害。 例：The laboratory is a safe place for researchers to conduct experiments. 实验室是研究者进行实验的安全场所。 protected（adj. 受保护的）：侧重被外部力量保护，免受伤害，常用搭配be protected from。 例：Endangered species are protected from illegal hunting in nature reserves. 濒危物种在自然保护区内免受非法捕猎。 efficient effective productive efficient（adj. 效率高的；有功效的）：侧重投入少、产出高，强调效率。 例：The new laboratory equipment is more efficient than the old one. 新的实验室设备比旧的效率更高。 effective（adj. 有效的；起作用的）：侧重达到预期效果，强调结果。 例：The new drug has proven effective in treating the disease. 这种新药已被证明对治疗该疾病有效。 productive（adj. 多产的；高效的）：侧重产出多或成果丰富，常用於形容人或工作。 例：The productive scientist has published dozens of academic papers. 这位高产的科学家已发表了数十篇学术论文。 predict forecast anticipate predict（v. 预测；预言）：通用型词汇，侧重基于知识或数据预测未来。 例：Experts predict that smart homes will be popular in 10 years. 专家预测智能家居将在10年内普及。 forecast（v./n. 预报；预测）：侧重对天气、经济等的专业预测。 例：The weather forecast helps researchers plan outdoor experiments. 天气预报帮助研究者规划户外实验。 anticipate（v. 预期；预料）：侧重提前预见并做好准备，语气较正式。 例：The team anticipated potential problems and prepared solutions in advance. 团队预见到了潜在问题并提前准备了解决方案。 $ 专题01 选择性必修第一册Unit 1~2单元词汇短语句型梳理 ( 清单 01 词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) Unit 1 1.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的→vitally adv.极其→vitality n.生命力;活力;热情 2.committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→commit vt.承诺;保证;犯(错误、罪行等);花(钱/时间)　vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→commitment n.投入;承诺 3.academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校→academic adj.学业的;学术的→academically adv.学业上;学术上 4.objective n.目标;目的adj.客观的→object n.物体;目标v.反对→objectivity n.客观性→subjective adj.主观的 5.botanical adj.植物学的→botany n.植物学→botanist n.植物学家 6.evaluate vt.评价;评估→evaluation n.评价;评估 7.boil vt. & vi. (使)沸腾;煮开;烧开　vi.怒火中烧;异常气愤　n.沸腾;沸点→boiled adj.煮开的→boiling adj.沸腾的 8.distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→distinctive adj.独特的;有特色的→distinction n.差别;区别 9.obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得;赢得　vi. (规章、习俗等)存在;流行→obtainable adj.可得到的 10.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢　(微笑、挥手等)致意;告知收悉→acknowledgment/acknowledgement n.承认;确认;感谢 11.analyse vt.分析→analyst n.分析师;分析家→analysis n.分析→analyses (pl.) 12.apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然→apparent adj.显而易见的;明显的 13.insist vi. & vt.坚持;坚决要求;坚持说→insistent adj.坚决要求的;坚持的;固执的→insistence n.坚决要求;坚持;固执 14.scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→scientifically adv.合乎科学地→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家 15.mostly adv.主要地;一般地→most adv.最;非常;几乎;差不多　adj. & pron.最多(的),最大(的);大多数(的) 16.conclusion n.结论;推论;结束;结尾→conclude vt.下结论;得出结论　vt. & vi. (使)结束,终止→conclusive adj.不容置疑的;确凿的 17.novelist n.小说家→novel n. (长篇)小说　adj.新颖的;珍奇的→novelty n.新奇;新颖;新鲜 18.found vt.创建;建立;把……建立在→founder n.创建者,创办者→foundation n.创建;地基;基础→founded/founded (过去式/过去分词) 19.infer vt.推断;推定→inference n.推断;推论→inferred/inferred (过去式/过去分词) 20.politician n.从政者;政治家;政客→politics n.政治→political adj.与政治有关的 21.flow n.流;流动;流畅;供应　vi.流;流动→flowed/flowed (过去式/过去分词) 22.chart n.图表　vt.记录;制订计划;绘制(区域)的地图→uncharted adj.地图上未绘出(或未标明)的 23.flee vi. & vt.迅速离开;逃跑→fled/fled/fleeing (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 24.crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的→crucially adv.至关重要地;关键性地 25.theory n.理论;学说→theoretical adj.理论上的→theoretically adv.理论上 26.relativity n.相对论;相对性→relative adj.相对的　n.亲戚→relate v.叙述;使有联系;有关联→relation n.关系,联系,交往;亲属 27.gentle adj.温柔的;文静的→gently adv.温柔地;温和地 28.passion n.酷爱;激情→passionate adj.热情的;狂热的 29.gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地→gradual adj.逐渐的 30.institution n.社会公共机构;制度;习俗→institute n. (教育、专业等)机构;机构建筑→institutional adj.机构的;惯例化的 31.consequence n.结果;后果→consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→consequently adv.结果;因此 32.remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的→remarkably adv.惊人地→remark v. & n.谈论;评论 33.extraordinary adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的→extraordinarily adv.极其,不寻常地 34.sum vi.总结;概括　n.金额;款项;总数;总和　summarize vt. & vi.总结;概括;概述 35.genius n.天才;天资;天赋→geniuses (pl.) Unit2 1.persuade vt.劝说;说服;使信服;使相信→persuasion n.说服;信仰→persuasive adj.有说服力的 2.distant adj.遥远的;远处的;疏远的;心不在焉的→distantly adv.遥远地;疏远地,冷淡地;恍惚地→distance n.距离;远处;冷淡;疏远　vt.拉开距离;使疏远 3.secure adj.安全的;安心的;可靠的;牢固的;有把握的　vt.获得;拴牢;保护→securely adv.锁牢了地→security n.保护措施;安全;担保 4.remote adj.远程的;偏远的→remotely adv.远程地;遥控地→remoteness n.遥远;偏僻 5.automatic adj.自动的→automatically adv.自动地→automation n.自动化 6.integrate vi. & vt. (使)合并;成为一体→integrated adj.各部分密切协调的;综合的→integration n.结合;整合;一体化 7.efficient adj.效率高的;有功效的→efficiently adv.有效地→efficiency n.效率;功率→inefficient adj.无效的 8.preference n.爱好;偏爱→prefer v.较喜欢→preferred/preferred/preferring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)→preferable adj.较适合;更可取→preferably adv.较适合地;最好是→preferential adj.优先的;优待的 9.instant n.瞬间;片刻　adj.立即的;速食的;速溶的→instantly adv.立刻;马上 10.command n.指令;命令;控制;掌握　vt.命令;控制　应得;俯瞰→commander n.指挥官→commanding adj.指挥的;威严的;视野宽阔的 11.obey vi. & vt.服从;遵守→disobey vi. & vt.不服从;不遵守 12.warning n.警告;警示;先兆→warn v.警告;警示 13.constant adj.不断的;重复的;不变的　n.常数;常量→constantly adv.始终;一直 14.abnormal adj.不正常的;反常的→normal adj.正常的　n.常态;通常标准;一般水平→normally adv.正常地 15.critical adj.严重的;关键的;批判性的→critically adv.严重地;批判性地;批评性地→criticise/-ize vi. & vt.批评;挑剔;指责　vt.评论→criticism n.批评;批判;评论→critic n.评论家;批评者;挑剔的人 16.potential adj.可能的;潜在的　n.潜力;可能性→potentially adv.潜在地;可能地 17.leak vi. & vt.漏;渗漏;透露　n.漏洞;裂缝;透露→leaky adj.有漏洞的;有漏隙的;渗漏的→leakage n.泄漏量;漏损量;泄漏;渗漏 18.electrical adj.电的;用电的;与电有关的→electricity n.电→electric adj.电的;电动的;用电的　充满刺激的;令人激动的 19.wire n.电线;金属丝(或线)　vt.接通电源;将……连接到→wiring n.电线线路;线路系统 20.detect vt.发现;查明→detection n.侦查;探测;察觉;发现→detective n.侦探→detector n.探测器;侦察器;检测器 21.relevant adj.有关的;有意义的→irrelevant adj.不相关的;无关紧要的→relevance n.相关性;意义 22.fantasy n.幻想;想象→fantastic adj.奇异的;空想的;异想天开的→fantastically adv.想象中地;奇特地;难以置信地 23.innovation n.创新;创造→innovate vt.引入(新事物、思想或方法);创新;改革→innovative adj.引进新思想的;采用新方法的;革新的;创新的 24.available adj.可获得的;可购得的;(人)有空的→availability n.可用;可得到;有空闲 25.structure n.结构;体系vt.系统安排;精心组织→structural adj.结构上的→structured adj.有结构的;有组织的 26.crime n.犯罪活动;不法行为→criminal n.罪犯　adj.犯罪的;犯法的;涉及犯罪的 27.combine vt. & vi. (使)结合;混合　vt.兼有;兼做→combination n.结合(体);混合(体)→combined adj.联合的;共同的;加在一起的 28.artificial adj.人工的;人造的;假的→artificially adv.人工地;人为地;不自然地 29.predict vt.预测;预言;预料→prediction n.预测;预言→predictable adj.可预见的;意料之中的→predictability n.可预测性 30.occupation n.职业;占领→occupy vt.占领;占据;使用,占用;居住;使忙于;忙着→occupied adj.使用中;占用的;被占领的;忙于……的 31.oppose vt.反对;抵制;阻挠　与……角逐→opposed adj.反对的;对立的→opposing adj.对立的;相竞争的;对抗的→opposition n.反对,反抗,对抗 32.cease vi. & vt. (使)停止;终止→ceaseless adj.持续的;不停的 33.absence n.不存在;缺乏;缺席;不在→absent adj.缺席的;不在场的　心不在焉的;出神的　vt.缺席;不参加;不在 34.advocate vt.提倡;支持;拥护　n.提倡者;支持者;拥护者→advocacy n.拥护,支持,提倡 35.emphasis n.强调;重视;重要性→emphasize/-ise vt.强调;重视;使突出→overemphasize vt.过分强调;过于重视 36.luxury n.奢华→luxurious adj.十分舒适的;奢侈的→luxuriously adv.豪华地;奢侈地 37.resist vi. & vt.抵制;反抗;抵挡;忍住vt.使不受伤害;抗(伤害)→resistant adj.抵制的;有抵抗力的;抗……的;耐……的→resistance n.抵制;抵抗;抗力;阻力 38.accurate adj.精确的;准确的→accurately adv.精确地;准确地→inaccurate adj.不精确的;不准确的→accuracy n.准确;精确 39.essay n.文章;论说文→essayist n.散文作家 40.librarian n.图书管理员;图书馆馆长→library n.图书馆 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) Unit 1 1．exchange n．交换；交流 vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换1.vital 2. boil 3. obtain 4. defeat 5. apparently 2.insist 7. mostly 8. flee 9. circumstance 10. flow 1.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的（adj.） vital 2.（使）沸腾；煮开；烧开（vt. & vi.）；沸腾；沸点（n.）boil 3.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得（vt.）；（规章、习俗等）存在；流行（vi.） obtain 4.失败；挫败（n.）；击败；战胜（vt.）defeat 5.显而易见；看来；显然（adv.apparently 6.坚持；坚决要求（vi. & vt.） insist 7.主要地；一般地（adv.） mostly 8.迅速离开；逃跑（vi. & vt.）flee 9.条件；环境；状况（n.，通常 pl.） circumstance 10.流；流动；流畅；供应（n.）；流；流动（vi.） flow Unit 2 1．knob　n．旋钮；球形把手 2．appliance n电器；器具 3．remote control遥控器；遥控 4．air conditioner空调机；空调设备 5．sensor n．传感器；敏感元件 6．mode n．模式；方式；风格 7．electrical adj.电的；用电的 8．wiring n．电线线路；线路系统 9．wire n．电线；金属丝(或线) vt.接通电源；将……连接到 10．innovation n．创新；创造11．nanobot n．纳米机器人 12．clone vt.克隆；以无性繁殖技术复制 n．克隆动物(或植物) 13．cease v．(使)停止；终止 14．deceased adj.已死的；亡故的 15．signpost n．路标 ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) Unit 1 1.commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)承诺;保证 2.a committed and patient scientist坚定而耐心的科学家 3.with the objective of以……为目的 4.a crucial treatment至关重要的疗法 5.encounter difficulties遇到困难 6.acknowledge defeat承认失败 7.obtain the liquid获得液体 8.draw out the extract提取提取物 9.prove the great value of traditional Chinese medicine证明中医的巨大价值 10.the meaning of greatness伟大的意义 11.under/in no circumstances决不;无论如何不 12.come to a conclusion得出结论 13.flow chart流程图 14.by chance偶然间 15.insist on坚决要求 16.wear and tear磨损;损耗 17.make great/numerous contributions to society为社会做出无数的贡献 18.serve as a good role model做个好榜样 19.as a consequence结果 20.out of a strong passion for knowledge由于酷爱知识 21.come to power (开始)掌权;上台 22.pass away去世 23.patent office专利局 24.take up a position担任;任职 25.publish extraordinary papers发表杰出的论文 26.draw on凭借;利用 27.stand on end竖起来 28.sum up总结;概括 Unit 2 1.live smarter lives过智能生活 2.keep ... secure使……安全 3.switch off/on关/开(电灯、机器等) 4.get into an energy-efficient mode进入节能模式 5.keep constant track of持续记录 6.daily routine and preferences日常生活和偏好 7.early on在初期;早先 8.catch fire着火 9.in this sense从这种意义上来讲 10.pay attention to all switches注意所有开关 11.future career未来职业 12.weather forecast天气预报 13.monitoring system监测系统 14.critical illness严重的疾病 15.regular health checks定期健康检查 16.detect health problems检测健康问题 17.cannot help but do只得做 18.be no exception不例外;无例外 19.write essays写文章 20.rural areas乡村地区 21.a scary prospect可怕的前景 22.in the absence of没有;缺乏 23.keep in touch (with ...) (与……)保持联系;了解 24.make larger networks of friends结交更多的朋友 25.put one’s mind at rest使某人安心 26.get into the best shape进入最佳状态 27.look on the positive side of change看到变化积极的一面 28.with an emphasis on hard work, family and community强调勤劳、家庭和社区 ( 清单 04 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) ) 1.Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people. 爱因斯坦不仅是一个天才,还是一个勇敢而善良的人,受到许多人的喜爱。  2.While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. 在此工作期间,出于对知识的强烈热情,他继续学习,并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。  3.Upon hearing that she ①had been awarded (award) the Nobel Prize, she said, “②The honour is not just mine. There is a team ③behind me, and all the people of my country. This success ④proves (prove) the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s ⑤scientific (science) research and Chinese medicine ⑥to be spread (spread) around the world.”  4.These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment to live in. 这些智能住宅将使我们安全,节省能源,并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。  5.Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. 你一进家门,灯就会亮起,还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放),而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。  ( 清单 05 单元写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) Unit 1 一、单元写作任务：报道有成就的人物 本部分常考的写作话题是“介绍有成就的人物”，要求写一篇关于杰出人物（如科学家、学者、普通人中的榜样等）的报道或介绍。核心在于突出人物的主要经历、核心贡献及精神品质，介绍时多用第三人称，时态以一般过去时为主，描述人物影响可适当使用现在完成时。 二、通用表达 1. 话题词汇 (1) 杰出人物 outstanding figure (2) 致力于 devote oneself to (3) 取得突破 make a breakthrough (4) 克服困难 overcome difficulties (5) 做出贡献 make a contribution to (6) 坚持不懈 perseverance (7) 无私奉献 selfless dedication (8) 获得荣誉 gain honors (9) 深受尊敬 be deeply respected (10) 启发他人 inspire others (11) 专注于 focus on (12) 实现目标 accomplish goals 2. 话题句式 （1）段首句 ① Tu Youyou, a renowned Chinese pharmacologist, is a great achiever who has made extraordinary contributions to global medical health. 屠呦呦，中国著名药学家，是一位为全球医疗卫生事业做出非凡贡献的杰出人物。 ② When it comes to the person I admire most, Yuan Longping, the "Father of Hybrid Rice," is definitely the one that comes to my mind first. 说到我最敬佩的人，“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平无疑是我首先想到的。 （2）主体段落 ① It was in the 1960s that Tu Youyou began to focus on the research of artemisinin to tackle malaria, a disease that threatened millions of lives. 20世纪60年代，屠呦呦开始专注于青蒿素的研究，以攻克威胁数百万人生命的疟疾。 ② Despite countless failures and harsh conditions, she never gave up and finally discovered the effective ingredient in artemisinin after years of hard work. 尽管经历了无数次失败和艰苦的条件，她从未放弃，经过多年的努力，终于发现了青蒿素中的有效成分。 ③ Yuan Longping devoted his entire life to improving hybrid rice yields, aiming to solve the problem of food shortage around the world. 袁隆平毕生致力于提高杂交水稻产量，旨在解决全球粮食短缺问题。 ④ His research has not only helped China feed a large population but also benefited many countries in Africa and Asia. 他的研究不仅帮助中国养活了众多人口，还惠及了非洲和亚洲的许多国家。 （3）段尾句 ① With her perseverance and dedication, Tu Youyou is deeply respected by people all over the world and sets a great example for young generations. 凭借着坚持不懈的精神和无私奉献，屠呦呦深受全球人民的尊敬，为年轻一代树立了良好的榜样。 ② Such is Yuan Longping—a person who dedicates his life to the public good, and his spirit will continue to inspire us to pursue our dreams. 这就是袁隆平——一个将一生奉献给公益事业的人，他的精神将继续激励我们追求梦想。 三、范文背诵 Tu Youyou, a renowned Chinese pharmacologist, is a great achiever who has made extraordinary contributions to global medical health.It was in the 1960s that Tu Youyou began to focus on the research of artemisinin to tackle malaria, a disease that threatened millions of lives. At that time, the research conditions were extremely tough, but she never hesitated. She and her team collected hundreds of herbal samples and conducted countless experiments. Despite facing numerous failures, they persisted in exploring and finally discovered the effective ingredient in artemisinin in 1972, which has saved millions of lives worldwide.With her perseverance and dedication, Tu Youyou is deeply respected by people all over the world and sets a great example for young generations. She proves that as long as we stick to our goals and work hard, we can make remarkable achievements. Unit 2 本部分常考的写作话题是“围绕科技应用提建议”，要求写一封建议信，针对科技使用中的问题（如过度依赖电子产品、校园科技设施优化、科技助力学习等）向他人（朋友、学校、社区等）提出合理建议。建议信需贴合“未来科技”单元主题，观点务实礼貌，理由充分有说服力，内容通常包括：1. 说明写信目的（点出科技相关的具体问题）；2. 提出2-3条针对性建议及理由；3. 表达希望建议被采纳并送上祝愿。 二、通用表达 1. 开门见山，点明写信目的（贴合科技场景） (1) I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to use technology properly in daily study. 很高兴收到你的来信，征求我关于如何在日常学习中合理使用科技的建议。 (2) I’m worried that you are overly dependent on electronic devices, which has affected your study and rest. 我很担心你过度依赖电子设备，这已经影响了你的学习和休息。 (3) Knowing that our school plans to update campus technological facilities, I am writing to share some suggestions with you. 得知我校计划更新校园科技设施，我写信来分享一些建议。 2. 给出具体建议及理由（结合科技应用场景） (1) I feel that it would be helpful if you set a daily time limit for using mobile phones, as this can help you focus on your studies and protect your eyes. 我觉得如果你设定每日使用手机的时限会很有帮助，因为这能让你专注于学习并保护视力。 (2) To start with, you can use educational apps to assist with your lessons—many of them provide interactive exercises that make learning more interesting. Then, besides, try to replace online chatting with face-to-face communication occasionally, which can strengthen your relationships. 首先，你可以使用教育类应用辅助学习——很多应用提供互动练习，让学习更有趣。其次，偶尔尝试用面对面交流代替线上聊天，这能增进彼此的感情。 (3) I think it would be a good idea if our school adds more smart reading corners. By doing this, students can use e-readers to access more books conveniently and experience the benefits of technological progress. 我认为我校增设更多智能阅读角会是个好主意。这样一来，学生们可以通过电子阅读器便捷获取更多书籍，感受科技进步的好处。 3. 希望采纳建议，表达祝愿 (1) I hope you will find these suggestions helpful in balancing technology use and daily life. 希望这些建议能帮助你平衡科技使用与日常生活。 (2) I believe the school will take my suggestions into account to make our campus more technologically friendly. 我相信学校会考虑我的建议，让我们的校园在科技应用方面更便捷。 (3) I’m looking forward to seeing positive changes brought by reasonable use of technology. Best wishes! 期待看到合理使用科技带来的积极变化，祝你一切顺利！ 三、范文背诵 Dear Zhang Wei, I’m worried that you are overly dependent on electronic devices recently—you spend too much time playing online games and browsing short videos, which has affected your study and sleep. Knowing your trouble, I am writing to share some advice with you. First of all, I recommend you set a strict daily time limit for using non-educational apps—for example, no more than one hour a day. This can help you free up more time for homework and rest. What’s more, it would be a good idea to use technology to assist your study instead. You can download educational apps like English listening tools or math problem-solving platforms, which can make learning more efficient and interesting. Finally, why not join after-school activities with classmates? By doing this, you can reduce screen time and strengthen your friendships through real interactions. I do hope these suggestions will help you use technology in a more reasonable way. Looking forward to hearing your good news soon! Best Wishes, Li Hua ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen/to be chosen (choose).  2.The two flowers are quite distinct from one another, so it is easy to make a distinction (distinct) between them. 3.She spends a lot of time analysing her patients’ dreams. This analysis is very helpful, explaining their daily behaviour very well. (analyse) 4.Lu Xun, acknowledged (acknowledge) as one of the greatest modern writers in China, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. 5.At other times, the reason is given right after the opinion or decision (decide), and the link can be inferred (infer).  6.In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study (study) malaria patients.  7.Using (use) a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that/which worked. 8.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save (save) 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.  9.The sensors can detect anything instantly (instant) and automatically (automatic) call someone to come and fix it. 10.They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal (normal) or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially (potential) save your life. 11.Your home will also learn your daily (day) routine and preferences (prefer). 12.I know that you are really worried (worry) about your future career, so I wanted to write this letter to put your mind at rest. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 1.（2024・新课标Ⅰ卷）Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion ________ making the great outdoors accessible to all.（ ） 【答案】for 【解析】考查固定搭配。passion 后接介词 for 为固定用法，表“对……的热爱”，符合句意。故填 for。 2.（2023・浙江高考1月）Instructors are ________ (passion) educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check.（ ） 【答案】passionate 【解析】考查词性转换。此处需形容词修饰名词 educators，passion 为名词，其形容词形式为 passionate（充满热情的），符合语法要求。故填 passionate。 3.（2022・新高考Ⅱ卷）Even though this technique won’t work ________ everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw ________.（ ） 【答案】for；on 【解析】考查固定搭配。第一空 work for sb. 为固定短语，表“对某人有效/适用”；第二空 draw on 为固定短语，表“利用、凭借”，均符合句意。故依次填 for、on。 4.（新高考Ⅰ卷）The next minute, the porridge ________ (boil) over and put out the fire.（ ） 【答案】boiled 【解析】考查时态。并列谓语 put 为过去式，提示句子描述过去发生的动作，故 boil 需用过去式 boiled，保持时态一致。故填 boiled。 5.（2024・北京高考）During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I ________ (obtain) just one plant I could use for experiments.（ ） 【答案】had obtained 【解析】考查时态。“获得植物”发生在“发现（discovered，过去时）”之前，属于“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词），obtain 的过去分词为 obtained。故填 had obtained。 6.The ________ (novel) was about to postpone the meeting when he spotted leaves moving ________ (gentle) in the breeze. He realized the weather had ________ (gradual) become warmer.（ ） 【答案】novelist；gently；gradually 【解析】考查词性转换。第一空需名词作主语，novel 转换为 novelist（小说家）；第二空需副词修饰动词 moving，gentle 变副词 gently；第三空需副词修饰动词 become，gradual 变副词 gradually，均符合语法要求。故依次填 novelist、gently、gradually。 7.________ (found) in 1985 in Beijing, it is now a nation-wide organization, where the performance of the employees ________ (evaluate) annually.（ ） 【答案】Founded；is evaluated 【解析】考查非谓语动词和被动语态。第一空主语 it（组织）与 found（建立）为被动关系，用过去分词 Founded 作状语；第二空主语 performance 与 evaluate（评估）为被动关系，annually 表经常性动作，用一般现在时被动语态（is + 过去分词）。故依次填 Founded、is evaluated。 8.________ (apparent), the young athlete ________ (defeat) in the tournament, and he was so sad that he burst into tears and ________ (flee).（ ） 【答案】Apparently；was defeated；fled 【解析】考查词性转换、被动语态和时态。第一空需副词修饰整个句子，apparent 变副词 Apparently；第二空 athlete 与 defeat（击败）为被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态（was + 过去分词）；第三空 flee 的过去式为 fled，与 burst 并列作谓语。故依次填 Apparently、was defeated、fled。 9.Inside the nature reserve, one can find layer upon layer of mountains and valleys, clear streams ________ (flow) into deep blue lakes, and mighty frozen waterfalls ________ form shimmering ice cascades in winter, making for ________ even more spectacular landscape.（ ） 【答案】flowing；forming；an 【解析】考查非谓语动词和冠词。第一、二空 streams 与 flow（流动）、waterfalls 与 form（形成）均为主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语；第三空 landscape 为可数名词单数，even more 前需加不定冠词 an 表泛指。故依次填 flowing、forming、an。 10.（2024・新课标Ⅰ卷）“I am not crazy,” says Dr.William Farber, shortly after ________ (perform) acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.”（ ） 【答案】performing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。after 为介词，介词后接动名词形式，perform 的动名词为 performing。故填 performing。 11.（2024・新课标Ⅰ卷）There is a ________ (warn) for strong winds up to 100 kilometers per hour.（ ） 【答案】warning 【解析】考查词性转换。不定冠词 a 后接名词，warn 为动词，其名词形式为 warning（警告），符合语法要求。故填 warning。 12.（2024・新课标Ⅰ卷）The ________ (innovate) design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.（ ） 【答案】innovative 【解析】考查词性转换。此处需形容词修饰名词 design，innovate 为动词，其形容词形式为 innovative（创新的），符合句意。故填 innovative。 13.（2024・新课标Ⅱ卷）Such ________ (structure) thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.（ ） 【答案】structured 【解析】考查词性转换。此处需形容词修饰名词 thinking，structure 为名词/动词，其形容词形式为 structured（结构化的），符合语法要求。故填 structured。 14.（2023・浙江高考1月）I experienced this when I started switching ________ a zero waste lifestyle five years ago.（ ） 【答案】to 【解析】考查固定搭配。switch to 为固定短语，表“转向、切换到”，符合句意“五年前开始转向零浪费生活方式”。故填 to。 15.（2022・新高考Ⅰ卷）Short writings missed as a result of an excused ________ (absent) will be accepted.（ ） 【答案】absence 【解析】考查词性转换。形容词 excused 后接名词，absent 为形容词，其名词形式为 absence（缺席），符合语法要求。故填 absence。 ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1.Tu Youyou, who devoted her life to medical research, was awarded the Nobel Prize.（屠呦呦毕生致力于医学研究，她获得了诺贝尔奖。 2 It was not until she failed more than 190 times that she finally discovered artemisinin.（直到失败了 190 多次，她才最终发现了青蒿素。 3.The reason why he is respected by all is that he always puts others' interests first.（他受到所有人尊敬的原因是他总是把别人的利益放在首位。 4.As is known to all, his inventions have made a great difference to our daily life.（众所周知，他的发明给我们的日常生活带来了巨大变化。 5.It is predicted that smart homes will become more common in the next 20 years.（据预测，智能家居将在未来 20 年变得更加普遍。 6. Thanks to the development of artificial intelligence, we will be living a more convenient life.（多亏了人工智能的发展，我们将过上更便捷的生活。 7. The more we invest in new technology, the better our future life will be.（我们在新技术上投入越多，未来的生活就会越好。 8. While technology brings many benefits , it may also cause some problems such as job loss.（虽然科技带来了许多好处，但它也可能导致一些问题，比如失业。 易混词 用法及例句 vital crucial essential vital（adj. 至关重要的）：强调事物必不可少，影响整体成败，常用搭配be vital to/for。 例：Adequate funding is vital to the medical research on malaria. 充足的资金对疟疾医学研究至关重要。 crucial（adj. 关键性的）：侧重关键节点或决定性时刻的重要性，语气强于vital。 例：Finding the effective ingredient was a crucial step in Tu Youyou’s experiment. 找到有效成分是屠呦呦实验中的关键一步。 essential（adj. 必需的）：强调事物的基础属性，不可缺少，常用搭配be essential for/to。 例：Patience is essential for scientists engaged in long-term research. 耐心对于从事长期研究的科学家来说是必需的。 commit devote dedicate commit（v. 致力于；承诺）：侧重对目标、责任的正式承诺，常用搭配commit oneself to doing。 例：She committed herself to the study of traditional Chinese medicine for decades. 她数十年致力于中医药研究。 devote（v. 奉献；致力于）：侧重全身心投入，情感色彩浓厚，常用搭配devote sth. to doing。 例：Yuan Longping devoted his entire life to improving hybrid rice yields. 袁隆平毕生致力于提高杂交水稻产量。 dedicate（v. 奉献；献给）：侧重将自身或事物献给崇高目标，语气更正式，常用搭配dedicate sth. to sb./sth.。 例：The scientist dedicated her discovery to her country and people. 这位科学家将自己的发现献给国家和人民。 obtain gain acquire obtain（v. 获得；赢得）：侧重通过努力、申请等正式方式获得，书面语常用。 例：Tu Youyou obtained the Nobel Prize for her contribution to malaria treatment. 屠呦呦因在疟疾治疗方面的贡献获得诺贝尔奖。 gain（v. 获得；得到）：侧重通过努力或经历逐渐获得利益、技能等，口语和书面语通用。 例：He gained valuable experience by participating in international scientific conferences. 他通过参加国际科学会议获得了宝贵经验。 acquire（v. 习得；获取）：侧重通过学习、积累逐步获得知识、技能等。 例：Scientists need to acquire comprehensive knowledge in multiple fields. 科学家需要在多个领域习得全面知识。 acknowledge admit recognize acknowledge（v. 承认；感谢）：侧重公开承认事实或权威，或正式感谢，语气较正式。 例：The researcher acknowledged the support of her team in her speech. 这位研究者在演讲中感谢了团队的支持。 admit（v. 承认；容许）：侧重承认错误、过失或不愿承认的事实，语气较口语化。 例：He admitted making a mistake in the data analysis and corrected it immediately. 他承认数据分析中出了错，并立即纠正。 recognize（v. 认出；认可）：侧重认出熟悉的人/物，或认可成就、地位。 例：The scientific community finally recognized the value of his innovative theory. 科学界最终认可了他创新理论的价值。 analyse examine inspect analyse（v. 分析；剖析）：侧重对数据、现象等进行系统拆解研究，学术场景常用。 例：The team analysed the chemical composition of the plant extract carefully. 团队仔细分析了植物提取物的化学成分。 examine（v. 检查；审视）：侧重对事物进行细致查看以确认状况、质量。 例：Doctors examined the experimental data to evaluate the treatment’s effect. 医生检查了实验数据以评估治疗效果。 inspect（v. 视察；检查）：侧重官方或专业的检查，以确保符合标准。 例：The authority inspected the laboratory to ensure safety standards were met. 当局视察了实验室以确保符合安全标准。 insist persist adhere to insist（v. 坚持；坚决要求）：侧重坚持观点、要求或主张，常用搭配insist on doing/that从句（虚拟语气）。 例：She insisted on repeating the experiment to confirm the result. 她坚持重复实验以确认结果。 persist（v. 坚持；持续）：侧重不顾困难或反对，持续做某事，常用搭配persist in doing。 例：Despite failures, the scientist persisted in exploring the new treatment. 尽管失败多次，这位科学家仍坚持探索新疗法。 adhere to（v. 坚持；遵守）：侧重遵守规则、原则或承诺，书面语常用。 例：Researchers must adhere to ethical standards in medical experiments. 研究者在医学实验中必须遵守伦理标准。 conclude deduce infer conclude（v. 推断；得出结论）：侧重基于证据或逻辑推理得出最终结论，常用搭配conclude from/that。 例：They concluded from the data that the extract was effective against malaria. 他们从数据中得出结论，该提取物对疟疾有效。 deduce（v. 演绎；推断）：侧重通过严谨的逻辑推导得出结论。 例：The detective deduced the cause of the accident from the experimental records. 研究者从实验记录中推导出事故原因。 infer（v. 推断；推定）：侧重基于间接证据或线索进行合理推测。 例：We can infer from his research notes that he had foreseen the result. 我们从他的研究笔记中可以推断他早已预见了这个结果。 remarkable extraordinary outstanding remarkable（adj. 非凡的；显著的）：侧重因不寻常或出众而引人注意，语气较温和。 例：Her remarkable achievement in pharmacology won worldwide praise. 她在药理学方面的非凡成就赢得了全球赞誉。 extraordinary（adj. 非凡的；意想不到的）：侧重超出常规，令人惊叹，语气强。 例：Einstein made extraordinary contributions to the development of physics. 爱因斯坦对物理学的发展做出了非凡贡献。 outstanding（adj. 杰出的；突出的）：侧重在同类中表现出众，常用於形容人或成就。 例：He is an outstanding scientist who has devoted his life to innovation. 他是一位杰出的科学家，毕生致力于创新。 persuade convince induce persuade（v. 说服；劝说）：侧重通过劝说使某人改变想法或做某事，常用搭配persuade sb. to do。 例：She persuaded her team to try the new experimental method. 她说服团队尝试新的实验方法。 convince（v. 使信服；说服）：侧重通过证据或理由使某人相信某事，常用搭配convince sb. of/that。 例：The data convinced the experts of the treatment’s effectiveness. 数据让专家们信服了该疗法的有效性。 induce（v. 诱导；促使）：侧重通过影响或刺激使某人做某事，语气较正式。 例：The smart system induces users to form energy-saving habits. 该智能系统诱导用户养成节能习惯。 secure safe protected secure（adj. 安全的；牢固的；v. 获得；保护）：侧重环境安全、状态稳固，或通过努力确保安全。 例：The smart home system keeps residents secure from potential dangers. 智能家居系统保护居民免受潜在危险。 safe（adj. 安全的；无危险的）：通用型词汇，侧重没有风险或伤害。 例：The laboratory is a safe place for researchers to conduct experiments. 实验室是研究者进行实验的安全场所。 protected（adj. 受保护的）：侧重被外部力量保护，免受伤害，常用搭配be protected from。 例：Endangered species are protected from illegal hunting in nature reserves. 濒危物种在自然保护区内免受非法捕猎。 efficient effective productive efficient（adj. 效率高的；有功效的）：侧重投入少、产出高，强调效率。 例：The new laboratory equipment is more efficient than the old one. 新的实验室设备比旧的效率更高。 effective（adj. 有效的；起作用的）：侧重达到预期效果，强调结果。 例：The new drug has proven effective in treating the disease. 这种新药已被证明对治疗该疾病有效。 productive（adj. 多产的；高效的）：侧重产出多或成果丰富，常用於形容人或工作。 例：The productive scientist has published dozens of academic papers. 这位高产的科学家已发表了数十篇学术论文。 predict forecast anticipate predict（v. 预测；预言）：通用型词汇，侧重基于知识或数据预测未来。 例：Experts predict that smart homes will be popular in 10 years. 专家预测智能家居将在10年内普及。 forecast（v./n. 预报；预测）：侧重对天气、经济等的专业预测。 例：The weather forecast helps researchers plan outdoor experiments. 天气预报帮助研究者规划户外实验。 anticipate（v. 预期；预料）：侧重提前预见并做好准备，语气较正式。 例：The team anticipated potential problems and prepared solutions in advance. 团队预见到了潜在问题并提前准备了解决方案。 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $