考前押题04 阅读理解-说明文6大常考话题（期末复习专项训练）八年级英语上学期新教材北师大版

专题04 阅读理解-说明文5大常考话题 话题1 科普知识 话题4 食物介绍 话题2 方法建议 话题5 其他 话题3 社会生活 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京通州·期末）Kevin is a middle school student. He enjoys all kinds of music and music is part of his life. He listens to music when he reads books, has meals and does sports. Like many other kids, his earphones are pretty much always on and the volume is high. He doesn’t know loud music hurts his ears. When you are listening to loud music on earphones, do your parents ever complain? Maybe they once told you, “Turn that down before you go deaf!” Well, they have a point and it is necessary (必要的) for them to tell you this. Loud noise can lead to hearing loss. Enjoying music is great, but listening at high volume is not. Part of the inner ear has hair cells (细胞). When loud noise hurts the hair cells, it leads to hearing damage (损坏). If the sound is too loud, it can hurt your hearing almost instantly. If you listen to music on earphones at high volume every day, it will also hurt your hearing. This damages the hair cells in the ear over a period (一段时间) of time, and the hearing loss happens gradually (逐渐地). When you listen to music, remember to turn down the volume, especially when you are wearing earphones. It is not safe to listen to music at high volume. Make sure you can still hear others’ talking when you are listening to music on earphones. You may also need to give your ears a rest by not wearing earphones all the time. 1．Kevin is an example to show ________. A．listening to music helps many kids learn better B．many kids listen to loud music on earphones C．there are many ways for kids to enjoy music D．earphones are very useful for kids 2．Hearing damage happens when ________. A．the inner ear has new hair cells B．there are different cells in the inner ear C．loud noise hurts the hair cells in the inner ear D．the hair cells in the inner ear get bigger instantly 3．The writer may agree ________. A．listening to music is not a good habit for kids B．there is no need for parents to tell their kids to turn the music down C．kids should talk with others when they are listening to music D．it is important for kids to listen to music at safe volume 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage us to listen to music on earphones. B．To tell us the importance of earphones. C．To ask us to protect our hearing. D．To explain the reasons for hearing loss. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京门头沟·期末）Have you ever wondered why the weather changes throughout the year? Well, the answer is the changing seasons on Earth. Earth experiences four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. It happens because of the way the Earth moves around the Sun. First, let’s understand how the Earth moves. The Earth goes around the Sun in an elliptical orbit (椭圆轨道). It takes about 365 and a quarter days for the Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun. We call this length of time a year. Second, the Earth is tilted (倾斜) on its axis (轴). The axis is an imaginary (假想的) line. It runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. This tilt causes the changing seasons. During different times of the year, the Earth is tilted towards or away from the Sun. When the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere (北半球). At the same time, the South Pole is tilted away from the Sun, so it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere. This is why when it’s summer in China, it’s winter in Australia. The tilt of the Earth’s axis doesn’t change as the Earth orbits the Sun. This means that the cycle (循环) repeats every year. So, every year, we can expect spring, summer, autumn and winter to come and go. Now that you know why Earth has seasons, you can enjoy the beauty of each season and the different activities they bring. Whether it is building snowmen in winter or swimming in the pool in summer, each season has something special to offer. 1．How long does it take for the Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun? A．About 360 days. B．About 365 days. C．About 365 and a quarter days. D．About 370 days. 2．What causes the changing seasons on Earth according to the text? A．The shape of the Earth. B．The way the Earth moves around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth’s axis. C．The distance between the Earth and the Moon. D．The speed of the Earth’s motion. 3．When the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, what season is it in the Southern Hemisphere? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 话题2 方法建议 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京大兴·期末）If you live in a place where most people speak the language you are learning, it will be helpful to use the language for several hours each day. However, in this passage, we will share some mental (脑力的) exercise that can help you improve your thinking in English. Think in single words Most experts find out that it’s best to start small. So, a good first step is to think in single words. Look around you. What do you see? In your head, try to name everything around you. Thomas tells his students to name the things that they see around them, wherever they are. “As you go on with this, it becomes more of a habit, so things are going to enter (进入) your head such as computer, telephone, chair, desk and so on.” Describe unknown words Another exercise that both Thomas and Hinshaw suggest is describing in your mind the things you don’t know. An example will be if you don’t think of the word “garage”. Thomas says, “If you are looking at your house and you see your garage, but you can’t think of the name in English, you can say, “The place inside where I put my car. ‘Or you can say, ‘It’s next to my house, and I keep things there.’” Think in sentences The next exercise is thinking in simple sentences. For example, if you are sitting in a park, you can tell yourself things like, “It’s such a beautiful day.” And “People are playing sports with your friends.” Once this becomes easy, you can move on to more difficult sentences. Hinshaw sometimes uses this exercise to think about what he wants to say to his Spanish students. Describe your days Another expert’s suggestion is to describe your daily activities. There are a few ways to do this. Thomas asks his beginning-level students to describe their days by using the simple present tense (时态). So, they would think to themselves things like, “I put on my shirt.” And “He drives the bus.” Other experts say you can make plans in the morning when you wake up. This would require (需要) other verb tenses. So the skill level is a little higher. When you’re doing it every day, over and over again, little by little, that’s the key. Because, when you make things a habit, then it just appears in your mind without thinking and then, before you know it, really, you’ re thinking in English. 1．The experts teach us to do the mental exercise by _________. A．making discussions B．drawing mind maps C．giving examples D．asking questions 2．According to the passage, Thomas and Hinshaw agree that _________. A．you don’t begin to think in English until you make things a habit B．it is important to use more single words to describe your days C．if you often make plans, your skill of thinking will get higher D．it is very difficult to describe unknown words in your mind 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．It’s not necessary to look around and name everything around us. B．The experts advise us to improve the skill of thinking step by step. C．If we don’t know a word, we’d better look it up in a dictionary. D．We should start the mental exercise from thinking in sentences. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To talk about the easiest way to learn English better. B．To show us the importance of describing the daily lives. C．To introduce some famous language experts in the world. D．To tell us about the main steps of doing mental exercise. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京丰台·期末） Do you often have to try more than once before you fit a pair of shoes correctly into their box? How well can you catch a ball? Are you good at giving directions? All of these everyday activities need spatial thinking (空间思维). So, what is spatial thinking, and is it possible to become a good spatial thinker? Spatial thinking allows us to control objects in our mind. When we imagine how to arrange (排列) our bedroom or find our way home, we are using spatial thinking. It is also important for learning maths. We use it to study and understand the relationships between shapes (形状), spaces and areas. In fact, science shows that spatial ability plays an important part in many aspects of STEM learning. This connection makes sense. Just think about the skills needed for maths, physics and other STEM subjects. For example, the spatial layout of the periodic table (元素周期表) helps us to understand chemical relationships (化学关系). The good news is that spatial skills are not set in stone and can be improved. One of the easiest ways is visualization. It means creating a mental picture of something in your mind. This has been connected to stronger science and math performance and can be improved through training. Younger children can practice visualization by imagining how to move jigsaw (拼图) pieces in their minds. Older children can use visualization when rearranging maths formulae (公式). Small world play with dollhouses or toy farm sets, for example, can help children understand spatial scale (尺度) differences. Scientists have also found that using toys like building blocks (积木) is good for spatial skills. As a final example, children who hear more spatial language may have stronger spatial skills. Words like “in”, “on” and “next to” help children understand the spatial relationships between objects. More difficult words include “parallel” and “separate”. Together with hand movements, they can help children learn difficult spatial concepts (概念). Spatial abilities have a huge influence (影响) on how we get around in our day to day lives. What’s more, taking more chances to practice our spatial thinking might also improve our STEM learning. Let us make space to develop our spatial thinking! 1．You will most probably need spatial thinking when you ________. A．study family relationships B．create a sad story in your mind C．learn English by watching movies D．use a map to find the way to a museum 2．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce STEM subjects. B．To describe some spatial skills. C．To show the importance of spatial ability. D．To explain the relationships of chemicals. 3．What do you know about spatial thinking from the passage? A．Imagining a picture in mind can improve spatial skills. B．Moving bands may trouble children’s spatial thinking. C．Hearing difficult words can help to learn spatial concepts. D．Listing formulae helps understand spatial scale differences. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show the influence of spatial skills. B．To advise people to train spatial thinking. C．To discuss the advantages of spatial thinking. D．To compare different ways to improve spatial skills. 话题3 社会生活 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京房山·期末）Think about how much time you spent outside last week. Really“outside”. Walking from the car into the mall doesn’t count. Now think about how much time you spent indoors—on the Internet or playing video games or watching TV. You may say, “I play inside more than outside and I like to play games on the computer.” If so, it’s likely that you spent more time inside four walls than outside in fresh air. Kids today spend two fewer hours per week on sports and outdoor activities than kids did 20 years ago.That’s according to a University of Michigan study. Non-moving activities are more popular. The costs “include overweight, greater stress (压力), higher possibility of physical and emotional (情绪上的) illness and less joy…,” says Richard Louv, writer of Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. Playing is important, even for adults (成人). Just getting outdoors does wonders. Outdoor activity betters your senses. The next time you sit down to message your friends, take note of your senses during and after your texting. Then do the same experiment after you’ve done something outside. You will find being outdoors brings the senses to life. “Hiking, exploring, and fishing help hone all of your senses,” says Betsy Keller. She’s a professor of exercise and sports sciences at Ithaca College in New York. “Smell, sight... all of your senses are in use when you’re outside.” Outdoor play frees your mind. Are you stressed out? Having trouble putting your mind to what you’re doing? Too much time indoors, away from the natural world, may be a cause (起因). Louv uses a term to describe the set of problems caused by too much time indoors: nature-deficit disorder. He says, “I use it to describe the price we pay for being away from nature.” Spending time outdoors brings you closer to the environment. When you’re out, breathe in fresh air, hear the leaves crackle’(噼啪作响) underfoot and search for cool birds and plants in the woods. It can help you feel more connected (有联系的) to the natural world. No woods nearby? Nature can be found right outside your back door or in your local park. So the next time you sit down to spend time with a video game, think about treating yourself to a little outdoor play instead. 1．What can we learn from the passage? A．Playing outside is more important for kids than adults. B．Kids spend more time outdoors now than twenty years ago. C．Being so close to nature is the cause of nature-deficit disorder. D．Non-moving activities bring problems for both mind and body. 2．What does the word “hone” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A．Protect. B．Improve. C．Share. D．Record. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss how to get closer to nature. B．To explain why people like to play indoors. C．To encourage people to spend time outdoors. D．To introduce different kinds of outdoor activities. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京昌平·期末）Teens are now watching “TV” on their phones, iPads, and computers as well as TVs. This can make it hard for parents to know what their teens are watching. They may be watching shows parents don’t want them to watch. But when parents spend time watching with their teens, it can have big benefits (益处) for both of them. The middle school years are the time when kids start to pull away from parents. They start to get closer to their friends. It’s a good idea for parents to watch with their kids, because in that way, they can know what are going on in their kids’ worlds. And when parents make watching together a habit, their teens are more likely to tell parents about their problems. Without this kind of family time, kids might stop parents from checking on what they’re watching as they get older. When it comes to educational (教育的) shows like Sesame Street, parents can help kids learn more by watching with them. Young kids learn from lots of back-and-forth interactions (互动). So parents should ask their children about what they’re watching and answer their kids’ questions to improve learning. This can be true even when the show is not educational or even very good. A lot of shows use impolite words to describe some people. When kids watch alone, they’re more likely to believe these ideas about people are true. But when parents watch with school-aged kids and point out these wrong ideas, it teaches kids to question them. If parents see someone in a show treating another person badly, they should ask their children what they would do if they saw someone being unkind like that or if someone was mean to them that way. Watching “TV” can be an important learning experience if parents and their children watch actively together. It is a good way to form a stronger and closer parent-child relationship. Also, parents are able to guide children to grow up healthily and happily. 1．When parents make watching TV together a habit, teens may ________ according to the passage. A．share their problems B．use their phones less C．understand parents better D．work hard on schoolwork 2．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．some words in TV shows may mislead the kids B．educational shows should point out wrong ideas C．checking phones is a good way to know about kids D．parents need to watch different kinds of shows first 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Benefits of Watching TV Shows for Kids B．How Parents Help Kids Choose TV Shows C．Reasons for Watching TV Together with Kids D．What TV Shows Parents Should Watch with Kids Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·北京顺义·期末）Have you ever found yourself scrolling through some video platforms, only to stop and watch a video breaking down your favorite movie or book? You’ re not alone. Literary and film analyses (分析) have become increasingly popular on video platforms. These videos usually last less than five minutes. However, some viral ones can run for as long as several hours. Regardless of the length, there’s a good reason why video analyses have become so popular on video platforms (视频平台). First, let’s face it: Everyone loves a good story. Whether it’s the exciting plot twists (剧情反转) of a popular movie or the deep, meaningful themes of a classic novel, stories attract us. However, understanding the full depth of these stories can be challenging, especially when they’re packed with symbolism (象征意义), hidden meanings and complex characters. This is where literary and film analyses come in. They help us see things we might have missed and deepen our understanding of them. Analyzing literature and film is like solving a puzzle. Sometimes you just need a little help getting started, especially if you’re a student. Watching a well-made video analysis can provide insights that help you make your own thoughts clear, making it easier to deal with that challenging essay or participate in a class discussion. Plus, they often explain difficult concepts (概念) in an interesting way. Beyond homework support, these analyses offer a way to connect with others who share your interests. Fans of the same books, movies or shows often come together in the comments section to share their thoughts. It’s like joining a book club or movie night, but with people from all over the world. The rise of video platforms means that anyone with passion for storytelling can create content, allowing for various voices and perspectives (视角), and more inclusive (包容性强的) analyses. Whether it’s a fresh idea about a Shakespearean classic or a deep research on the latest Marvel movie, there’s something for everyone. In a world where content is king, video analyses provide an attractive way to dive deeper into the stories that shape our culture. Thus, the next time you’ re interested in an essay or just want to understand your favourite movie or novel a little better, consider hitting “play”. You might just learn something new. 1．What is the writer’s opinion on video analyses? A．They can help you join a movie club. B．They can be popular because they are short. C．They can affect your culture in different ways. D．They can give you a deep understanding of stories. 2．According to the passage, what can we do in the analysis videos? A．We can play a popular film. B．We can post a piece of news. C．We can give some English learning tips. D．We can show opinions of reading books. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Making Some Analysis Videos B．Using Video Platforms Reasonably C．Hitting Play on That Analysis Video D．Searching Video Platforms for Information 话题4 事物介绍 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京东城·期末）A few years ago, research by the National Alliance for Youth Sports in the USA found that most young people (around 70%) gave up playing all organised (有组织的) sport by the age of thirteen. This is really surprising because everyone knows that sports are good for our body and mind. According to the research, the main reason that teenagers no longer wanted to take part in any organised sport was that “it’s just not fun any more”. When I was a child, playing sports was all about having a good time with my friends. It didn’t matter if you were not the fastest and most skillful, you still joined in. It was about playing together, learning to win and lose, laughing and crying, but above all enjoying the moment. But now that we are older, sports teachers and coaches only seem to be interested in the few kids who want to take it seriously. The rest of us, who just want to play for fun, get forgotten. As I see it, it isn’t just sport that is the problem; it’s the whole culture of success that we live in. Every day we are told to “be the best”, “give 110%” and “never give up”. But what if you just want to do something you aren’t very good at because it’s fun? People also need to remember that life for a teenager is pretty busy. You don’t want to miss out on spending time with friends and developing other interests just because you have to go to sports training five times a week. And let’s not forget school. As we get older, we spend more and more time studying, both at home and at school. What really matters is that sport is so important. Besides the physical advantages, lots of research shows sport can help young people deal with stress (压力). When around 30% of teenagers are experiencing stress, we need to do everything possible to get them to take up a sport. What can we do to make such a big change happen? In my opinion, we need schools, sports organisations and governments to understand that, above all else, sport isn’t about being the best, training hard, and winning—it’s about having fun, making friends, and taking part. 1．The writer mentions his own experience of playing sports as a child to _________. A．show his excellence in sports B．share his love of playing sports C．describe the true meaning of sport for children D．tell the importance of sport for children’s development 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Teenagers should take better care of their minds and bodies. B．Sports training time should not take up students’ study time. C．The culture of success stops teenagers playing organised sport. D．Teenagers need suggestions in managing sports and other things. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To warn schools of the risk of trying to win in sports. B．To ask for more chances to enjoy playing sports. C．To advise teenagers to take sports seriously. D．To discuss the advantages of playing sports. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京朝阳·期末）Have you heard the saying “If you fall off the horse, get back on.”? It means that things may get difficult, and you may make many mistakes. But you should have the passion (激情) and energy to keep going. This is called perseverance. It can help you get a lot of things. Perseverance means keeping doing something for a long time. It doesn’t matter if it is easy or difficult. For example, you practise a trick on your bike again and again. Or you finish a picture without giving up and start over. These show perseverance. Florence, a 13-year-old girl, says, “It means never giving up and trying hard to push yourself. I go running with my mum three times a week. Sometimes I feel good and sometimes I don’t. But I still do it because I want to be the fastest in my class. Whether in good situations or bad ones, we need perseverance.” Studies show that when you feel hopeful and work for a goal you really want, it can reduce stress (压力) and make you feel happier. When you get something you worked hard for and face difficulties on the way, it can develop your confidence and make you feel braver to try new things. Angela Duckworth is an expert (专家) about people’s thoughts and feelings. She studies perseverance and calls it “grit”. She thinks that having grit is really important for us to succeed. She says, “No matter how talented (有天赋的) you are at something or how well you do in school, you must have grit. When things are hard, perseverance is even more important. It can help you get past the hard times and reach your goals.” Duckworth believes perseverance is something anyone can learn. The best way to learn it is to have a growth mind. This means believing that your brain can grow. You can get anything if you put your mind to it. So don’t think, “I can’t do this”, try thinking, “I can’t do this... yet”. As the book The Big Life Journal says, “People with a growth idea know they can get better by working hard. They keep trying even when things are difficult.” 1．Why does the writer take Florence for example in Paragraph 2? A．To introduce what perseverance means. B．To talk about how to train running skills. C．To present the advantages of perseverance. D．To show the importance of staying with parents. 2．According to the passage, what can help us reduce stress? A．Developing talents through mistakes. B．Building confidence in hard situations. C．Trying hard for our dreams with hope. D．Keeping doing things without thinking. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Goals are easier to reach in difficult times. B．Talent is the most important for us to succeed. C．Being clever will help us do well in our lessons. D．Knowing we can get better helps us develop grit. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Power of Perseverance B．The Tips to Reach the Goals C．The Ways to Solve Difficulties D．The Meaning of Thinking Habits Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·北京海淀·期末）When faced with stress or hardship, who do you turn to for help? Who has the power to lift your spirits? Perhaps it’s your mom or dad, or an understanding friend who really cares about you. We all know that spending time with good friends makes us happier. Scientists have even put this feeling to the test, and have found that teen friendships have to do with psychological  (心理的) well-being. A study of 108 high school students in Australia found that strong friendships were pretty helpful for teens after a stressful event, such as failing a test. Teens being with friends were reported to have lower levels of sadness, jealousy, and worry. In fact, friendship not only provides support in the short term, but also influences a person in general in the long run. The researchers interviewed 169 fifteen-year-old teenagers, and tracked their progress over 10 years. Each year, these people were also asked to do a survey testing their levels of anxiety, depression (压抑), and self-worth. As the results showed, having close bonds with friends would reduce people’s levels of anxiety, depression, and improve self-worth. In addition, another study in the journal Child Development found that having good teenage friendships might help teens become better parents in the future. This is because they show more empathy (同理心) to their close friends, which helps them develop better parenting skills. Dr. Jessica A．Stern, in an interview with Psychology Today, emphasized (强调), “When you’re a teenager, close friendships are an important ‘training ground’ for developing social skills and learning how to care for others in more mature ways when you grow up.” However, does having many friends necessarily mean more happiness? In fact, having a lot of friends in one’s friend circle doesn’t always bring mental health benefits. Instead, having too many friends can sometimes lead to social anxiety. The key to teen friendships lies not in the number of friends, but in the closeness and quality of a few good ones. It’s the deep understanding and being understood by another person that help teenagers develop necessary social skills for the future. As we can see, friendships during teenage years play a key role in psychological well-being. We always hope that friendships last forever, even if it isn’t always the case. Developing close teen friendships can pave the way for a happier, more worthwhile life ahead. 1．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Having good teen friends brings long-term benefits to a person. B．Having close bonds with family reduces people’s levels of anxiety. C．Teenagers can train their social skills with the help of their parents. D．Good teen friendships help improve physical health in the long run. 2．What does the writer probably agree with? A．Developing close teen friendships helps improve social skills. B．Being with friends is helpful for teens before a stressful event. C．The more friends a teen has, the happier he or she will become. D．Forming close teen relationships in fact lowers one’s self-worth. 3．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To show the ways to make more friends. B．To explore the true meaning of happiness. C．To stress the difficulty of making real friends. D．To introduce the influence of teen friendships. 话题5 其他 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京延庆·期末）Are you an optimist (乐观主义者) or a pessimist (悲观主义者)? Optimists are always hopeful and positive (积极的). Pessimists always expect the worst and see the negative (消极的) side of things. The optimist says, “The glass is half full.” The pessimist says, “The glass is half empty”. Dr. Seligman is a scientist whose studies show that optimists are healthier than pessimists. Pessimists suffer from depression (抑郁) more often than optimists do. Dr. Seligman studied a group of men who had heart attacks. After eight years, most of the optimistic men were still alive, while most of the pessimistic men had died from another heart attack. Dr. Seligman also says that optimists are more successful, athletes, politicians, and businessmen who have optimistic views of the world tend to succeed. Here’s the good news: Everyone can learn to be more optimistic. The main way is to change the way you talk to yourself. When something bad happens to pessimists, they believe it will affect their whole lives. When something bad happens to optimists, they see it as just one event. They also believe that they can solve the problem, so it won’t happen again. Here’s an example: An optimist and a pessimist take a math test. They are both good students, but both of them fail this test. The pessimist thinks, “I am probably going to fail every test. It is too difficult for me. Nobody will like me because I am a terrible student.” The optimist thinks, “It was only one test, I am a smart student. I know I can do much better next time.” Be kinder to yourself, be more hopeful, see the glass as half full! 1．What does Dr. Seligman’s study show? A．Optimists are healthier. B．Pessimists are smarter. C．Optimists are depressed. D．Pessimists are terrible. 2．According to the passage, who may succeed more easily? A．The man who is shy. B．The man who is polite. C．The man who is positive. D．The man who is negative. 3．How can one be more optimistic? A．Doing more tests. B．Asking others for help. C．Changing the self-talk way. D．Thinking of bad things. 4．What will the optimists think after failing a test? A．They will fail every test. B．They will do better next time. C．They will give up learning. D．They will become terrible. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京东城·期末）There are several kinds of distances people keep. Dr. Hall names them intimate, personal, social, and public. Intimate distance is being very close to another, as in a family. Personal distance might be the kind people put between themselves at a party. Social distance is more businesslike and formal. Public distance is used by actors, politicians, and leaders before a large group. Scientists are trying to find out how people use these different distances. They want to discover why, when, and where people allow closeness or use space to protect themselves from others. Since proxemics (距离效应学) is a new science, there aren’t many conclusions about the meaning of space separating people. But you can make some general observations (观察) on your own. Take notes about how you use space in different situations. What message do you get from other people as they move close to you or away from you? Does distance give you a feeling that you are being ignored (忽视)? When do you feel crowded? Standing in a line at a shop counter, you can learn about space. People keep just enough distance between each other so that they don’t invade (侵犯) each other’s area. If you move into another person’s area, you would soon know it. That person would become nervous or turn around to show you the angry expression on his or her face. Or that person might simply tell you, “Please step back. I’m too crowded.” School is a good place to study how space is used and how people mark their own area. At school you probably have a desk or part of a table to call your own. How do you feel when you find someone sitting at your desk or covering your table with papers and books? Maybe you want to protect your area. You might tell the other person that it belongs to you. Then you might move his or her things aside. You might even ask that person to leave your area. Whether people are close together or far from each other, space can tell you indeed. The most important thing in space dialogue is whether people respect one another’s areas. Invading other people’s space might mean trouble. 1．From the passage we can learn that ________ A．close distance can make you feel comfortable B．personal distance is between family members C．close or not, there is distance between people D．one must keep enough distance from others 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．You must protect your area from others’ invading it. B．Distance can tell the relationship between people. C．Scientists are studying why there are kinds of distances. D．Space among people is something important for us. 3．What does the sentence “Please step back. I’m too crowded” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．You’re standing too close to me. B．Go away or I am leaving. C．Come and see I am here. D．You take all my area as yours. 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How interesting distance is B．Space does speak indeed C．Distance can be everywhere D．One should own his space Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·北京石景山·期末）Think about how much time you spent outdoors last week. Really “outdoors.” Walking from the car into the mall doesn’t count. Now think about how much time you spent indoors—on the Internet or playing video games or watching TV. You may say, “I play inside more than outside and I like to play games on the computer.” If so, it’s likely that you spent more time inside four walls than outside in fresh air. Kids today spend two fewer hours per week on sports and outdoor activities than kids did 20 years ago. That’s according to a University of Michigan study. Non-moving activities are more popular. The costs “include overweight, greater stress (压力), higher rates of physical and emotional illness and less joy…” says Richard Louv, writer of Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder (自然缺失症). Play is important, even for adults. Just getting outdoors does wonders. Outdoor activity betters your senses. The next time you sit down to message your friends, take note of your senses during and after your texting. Then do the same experiment after you’ve done something outside. You will find being outdoors brings the senses to life. “Hiking, exploring, and fishing help hone all of your senses,” says Betsy Keller. She’s a professor of exercise and sports sciences at Ithaca College in New York. “Smell, sight…all of your senses are in use when you’re outside.” Outdoor play frees your mind. Are you stressed out? Having trouble focusing your mind on what you’re doing? Too much time indoors— away from the natural world—may be a cause. Louv uses a term to describe the set of problems caused by too much time indoors: nature deficit disorder. He says, “I use it to describe the price we pay for being so separated from nature.” Spending time outdoors brings you closer to the environment. When you’re out, breathe in fresh air, hear the leaves crackle underfoot and search cool birds and plants in the woods. It can help you feel more connected to the natural world. No woods nearby? Nature can be found right outside your back door or in your local park. So, the next time you sit down to spend quality time with a video game, consider treating yourself to a little outdoor play instead. 1．Richard Louv may believe that ______. A．spending too much time indoors may cause health problems B．kids today do more outdoor activities than kids in the 1990s C．kids should pay for being playing in the natural world D．hiking is a better way to exercise than fishing 2．Which of the following is a good way to enjoy outdoor play? A．Walking from your car into the restaurant. B．Spending your quality time with TV shows. C．Playing a video game of making sand buildings by the beach. D．Watching in your local park how fast the clouds are moving. 3．What does “hone” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．remember B．improve C．test D．lose 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why kids should play outside. B．Why kids prefer outdoor activities. C．How kids play games in the nature. D．How kids can get close to the nature. Passage 4 （24-25八年级上·北京西城·期末）Life has its ups and downs and people sometimes feel anxious (焦虑的). If the feelings of anxiety become too strong, they can make you unwell. Usually, we might see a doctor or take some medicine to feel better. But it would be helpful to have something to use at home that does not involve (涉及) medicine. So, we made a robotic cushion (抱枕) to help manage anxiety. Our team was made up of scientists from several fields. We built a few different robotic cushions, and each one offered a different calming experience, like the feeling of breathing (呼吸), a heartbeat, and one of them even had colorful lights inside. We asked people to try them out and tell us which they liked the best. Most people liked the cushion that felt like it was breathing. So, we decided to work more on that one. For our final cushion, we made it bigger so it was easier to hug. We made a robotic part that could push air in and out of a balloon inside the cushion, to control (控制) the “breathing”. We did this because slow breathing helps people feel calmer. Now, we wanted to see if our cushion really could help with anxiety, so we did a test. The test had to do three things: make people feel anxious, check their anxiety levels, and compare the effect (效果) of the cushion to something else. We made people feel anxious by having them do some difficult math problems in front of others. Afterwards, we asked them to score their anxiety levels from one to ten. To see how well the cushion worked, we put people into three groups. Group A used the breathing cushion, Group B tried meditating (冥想), and Group C just sat quietly without anything to help with their anxiety. After 10 minutes, we asked them to score their anxiety levels again. We found that people who hugged the breathing cushion had much less anxiety than those who just sat quietly. And we saw that meditation also helped people reduce their anxiety. Meditation can be difficult because it needs attention and practice, but hugging a cushion is easy! And, you could hug the cushion while doing other things. By doing more research like this, we can find ways to help people who need different ways to feel better. What do you think? Would you like to have a breathing cushion to hug when you’re worried? 1．The scientists made the robotic cushion to ________. A．help people call for doctors B．make the home pretty C．help people feel less worried D．tell people when to take medicine 2．What is the final cushion like? A．It uses air to make the sound of a heartbeat. B．It has a robotic part to make it “breathe”. C．It comes in all shapes and sizes. D．It has colorful lights inside. 3．What do we know about the test from Paragraphs 5 and 6? A．People in different groups liked different kinds of cushions. B．The researchers had people use the cushion during a meditation. C．The result showed the cushion helped people solve math problems. D．The test compared the effects of hugging the cushion and sitting quietly 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show how to use a robotic cushion. B．To introduce a product that helps with anxiety. C．To warn people about the dangers of being worried D．To compare ways of helping people feel less anxious. Passage 5 （24-25八年级上·北京通州·期末）Your mind and body are connected (联系的). How you think can affect (影响) how you feel and how you feel can affect your thinking. An example of this mind-body connection is how your body responds (回应) to stress (压力). Long-term worry and stress over jobs or other problems can cause headaches, and stomach problems. It may also lead to high blood pressure or other serious problems. On the other hand, pain (疼痛) or a health problem can affect your emotions (情绪). You might become sad and stressed. And this could affect how you face your illness. But your mind can have a positive (积极的) effect on your health, too. Having a positive outlook on life might help you better handle pain or stress. And it can help you stay healthier than someone who is less hopeful. ________ Your brain produces things that can help with your health. These things include endorphins (内啡肽), which are natural painkillers. Research shows that what your brain produces depends in part on your thoughts, feelings, and expectations. If you’re sick but you have hope and a positive attitude and you believe that you’ll get better, your brain is likely to produce chemicals that will help your body heal (康复) quickly. Negative (负面的) thoughts and emotions can keep your brain from producing some of the chemicals that help your body heal. Although people can’t cure (治愈) all the illness, your thoughts and state of mind are the resources (资源) you can use to get better. How does stress affect you? When you are stressed, your body responds as though you are in danger. It makes hormones (激素) that speed up your heart, make you breathe faster, and give you a burst of energy. If the stress is over quickly, your body goes back to normal and no harm is done. But if stress happens too often or lasts too long, it can have bad effects. Long-term stress can make you more likely to get sick, and it can make symptoms of some diseases worse. If you tense up (紧张) when you are stressed, you may have neck, shoulder, or low back pain. Stress can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease. Stress also harms your emotional health. It can make you sad, angry or depressed and you may not do well at work or school. But when you are able to relax your mind and body, your body stops producing the hormones that create stress and you return to a state of calm again. 1．The writer uses the example to show ________. A．stress and worries are good for our health B．problems can be solved when people worry about them C．our mind and body have strong connections D．illness can affect our body but can’t affect our mind 2．Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraphs 5-7? A．How do your thoughts and feelings affect your health? B．What does your brain produce when you are worried? C．What chemicals can help your body heal? D．How do negative thoughts help people cure the illness? 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Positive ideas can help people cure all illness. B．A positive attitude will raise your body’s healing power. C．Short-term stress can harm your body badly. D．Long-term stress can help improve emotional health. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To encourage people to have a positive outlook on life. B．To show stress has a positive effect on people’s life. C．To tell why stress affects people’s health. D．To explain how people feel when they are ill. $专题04 阅读理解-说明文5大常考话题 话题1 科普知识 话题4 食物介绍 话题2 方法建议 话题5 其他 话题3 社会生活 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京通州·期末）Kevin is a middle school student. He enjoys all kinds of music and music is part of his life. He listens to music when he reads books, has meals and does sports. Like many other kids, his earphones are pretty much always on and the volume is high. He doesn’t know loud music hurts his ears. When you are listening to loud music on earphones, do your parents ever complain? Maybe they once told you, “Turn that down before you go deaf!” Well, they have a point and it is necessary (必要的) for them to tell you this. Loud noise can lead to hearing loss. Enjoying music is great, but listening at high volume is not. Part of the inner ear has hair cells (细胞). When loud noise hurts the hair cells, it leads to hearing damage (损坏). If the sound is too loud, it can hurt your hearing almost instantly. If you listen to music on earphones at high volume every day, it will also hurt your hearing. This damages the hair cells in the ear over a period (一段时间) of time, and the hearing loss happens gradually (逐渐地). When you listen to music, remember to turn down the volume, especially when you are wearing earphones. It is not safe to listen to music at high volume. Make sure you can still hear others’ talking when you are listening to music on earphones. You may also need to give your ears a rest by not wearing earphones all the time. 1．Kevin is an example to show ________. A．listening to music helps many kids learn better B．many kids listen to loud music on earphones C．there are many ways for kids to enjoy music D．earphones are very useful for kids 2．Hearing damage happens when ________. A．the inner ear has new hair cells B．there are different cells in the inner ear C．loud noise hurts the hair cells in the inner ear D．the hair cells in the inner ear get bigger instantly 3．The writer may agree ________. A．listening to music is not a good habit for kids B．there is no need for parents to tell their kids to turn the music down C．kids should talk with others when they are listening to music D．it is important for kids to listen to music at safe volume 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage us to listen to music on earphones. B．To tell us the importance of earphones. C．To ask us to protect our hearing. D．To explain the reasons for hearing loss. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了高分贝的声音会对听力造成损害，因此如何想拥有一个好的听力，不能戴着耳机听吵闹的音乐。 1．推理判断题。根据“Like many other kids, his earphones are pretty much always on and the volume is high. He doesn’t know loud music hurts his ears.”可知，像许多其他孩子一样，他的耳机几乎总是开着，音量很高，所以举他的例子是为了表明现在许多孩子用耳机听大声的音乐。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“When loud noise hurts the hair cells, it leads to hearing damage (损坏).”可知，当大声的噪音伤害毛细胞时，会导致听力损伤。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“When you listen to music, remember to turn down the volume, especially when you are wearing earphones. It is not safe to listen to music at high volume.”可知，听音乐时，记得把音量调低，尤其是戴耳机的时候，高音量听音乐是不安全的，所以作者同意孩子们以安全音量听音乐很重要。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“Make sure you can still hear others’ talking when you are listening to music on earphones. You may also need to give your ears a rest by not wearing earphones all the time.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了高分贝的声音会对听力造成损害，因此如何想拥有一个好的听力，不能戴着耳机听吵闹的音乐。所以作者是告诉我们要保护我们的听力。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京门头沟·期末）Have you ever wondered why the weather changes throughout the year? Well, the answer is the changing seasons on Earth. Earth experiences four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. It happens because of the way the Earth moves around the Sun. First, let’s understand how the Earth moves. The Earth goes around the Sun in an elliptical orbit (椭圆轨道). It takes about 365 and a quarter days for the Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun. We call this length of time a year. Second, the Earth is tilted (倾斜) on its axis (轴). The axis is an imaginary (假想的) line. It runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. This tilt causes the changing seasons. During different times of the year, the Earth is tilted towards or away from the Sun. When the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere (北半球). At the same time, the South Pole is tilted away from the Sun, so it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere. This is why when it’s summer in China, it’s winter in Australia. The tilt of the Earth’s axis doesn’t change as the Earth orbits the Sun. This means that the cycle (循环) repeats every year. So, every year, we can expect spring, summer, autumn and winter to come and go. Now that you know why Earth has seasons, you can enjoy the beauty of each season and the different activities they bring. Whether it is building snowmen in winter or swimming in the pool in summer, each season has something special to offer. 1．How long does it take for the Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun? A．About 360 days. B．About 365 days. C．About 365 and a quarter days. D．About 370 days. 2．What causes the changing seasons on Earth according to the text? A．The shape of the Earth. B．The way the Earth moves around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth’s axis. C．The distance between the Earth and the Moon. D．The speed of the Earth’s motion. 3．When the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, what season is it in the Southern Hemisphere? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了地球围绕太阳的运动方式以及地球轴的倾斜导致了一年四季的变化，解释了不同季节形成的原因，并描述了每个季节带来的不同活动和美丽景象。 1．细节理解题。根据“It takes about 365 and a quarter days for the Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun.”可知，地球绕太阳公转一圈大约需要365又四分之一天。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“The Earth goes around the Sun in an elliptical orbit (椭圆轨道).”以及“Second, the Earth is tilted (倾斜) on its axis (轴). ... This tilt causes the changing seasons.”可知，地球绕太阳的运动方式和地球轴的倾斜导致了地球上季节的变化。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“When the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere (北半球). At the same time, the South Pole is tilted away from the Sun, so it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere.”可知，当北极向太阳倾斜时，北半球是夏天，同时南极远离太阳，所以南半球是冬天。故选D。 话题2 方法建议 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京大兴·期末）If you live in a place where most people speak the language you are learning, it will be helpful to use the language for several hours each day. However, in this passage, we will share some mental (脑力的) exercise that can help you improve your thinking in English. Think in single words Most experts find out that it’s best to start small. So, a good first step is to think in single words. Look around you. What do you see? In your head, try to name everything around you. Thomas tells his students to name the things that they see around them, wherever they are. “As you go on with this, it becomes more of a habit, so things are going to enter (进入) your head such as computer, telephone, chair, desk and so on.” Describe unknown words Another exercise that both Thomas and Hinshaw suggest is describing in your mind the things you don’t know. An example will be if you don’t think of the word “garage”. Thomas says, “If you are looking at your house and you see your garage, but you can’t think of the name in English, you can say, “The place inside where I put my car. ‘Or you can say, ‘It’s next to my house, and I keep things there.’” Think in sentences The next exercise is thinking in simple sentences. For example, if you are sitting in a park, you can tell yourself things like, “It’s such a beautiful day.” And “People are playing sports with your friends.” Once this becomes easy, you can move on to more difficult sentences. Hinshaw sometimes uses this exercise to think about what he wants to say to his Spanish students. Describe your days Another expert’s suggestion is to describe your daily activities. There are a few ways to do this. Thomas asks his beginning-level students to describe their days by using the simple present tense (时态). So, they would think to themselves things like, “I put on my shirt.” And “He drives the bus.” Other experts say you can make plans in the morning when you wake up. This would require (需要) other verb tenses. So the skill level is a little higher. When you’re doing it every day, over and over again, little by little, that’s the key. Because, when you make things a habit, then it just appears in your mind without thinking and then, before you know it, really, you’ re thinking in English. 1．The experts teach us to do the mental exercise by _________. A．making discussions B．drawing mind maps C．giving examples D．asking questions 2．According to the passage, Thomas and Hinshaw agree that _________. A．you don’t begin to think in English until you make things a habit B．it is important to use more single words to describe your days C．if you often make plans, your skill of thinking will get higher D．it is very difficult to describe unknown words in your mind 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．It’s not necessary to look around and name everything around us. B．The experts advise us to improve the skill of thinking step by step. C．If we don’t know a word, we’d better look it up in a dictionary. D．We should start the mental exercise from thinking in sentences. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To talk about the easiest way to learn English better. B．To show us the importance of describing the daily lives. C．To introduce some famous language experts in the world. D．To tell us about the main steps of doing mental exercise. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了做脑力训练以改善英语思维的几个步骤。 1．细节理解题。根据“Another exercise that both Thomas and Hinshaw suggest is describing in your mind the things you don’t know. An example will be if you don’t think of the word ‘garage’. …”等例子可知，专家通过举例指导进行脑力训练。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“when you make things a habit, then it just appears in your mind without thinking and then, before you know it, really, you’ re thinking in English.”可知，习惯的养成和英语思维的建立有关。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Most experts find out that it’s best to start small.”、“The next exercise is thinking in simple sentences.”和“When you’re doing it every day, over and over again, little by little, that’s the key.”可知，文中多次强调从简单到复杂，逐步提升思考技能。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读文章可知，文章主要分享了做脑力训练以改善英语思维的几个步骤，即从单词到句子再到日常活动的描述等。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京丰台·期末） Do you often have to try more than once before you fit a pair of shoes correctly into their box? How well can you catch a ball? Are you good at giving directions? All of these everyday activities need spatial thinking (空间思维). So, what is spatial thinking, and is it possible to become a good spatial thinker? Spatial thinking allows us to control objects in our mind. When we imagine how to arrange (排列) our bedroom or find our way home, we are using spatial thinking. It is also important for learning maths. We use it to study and understand the relationships between shapes (形状), spaces and areas. In fact, science shows that spatial ability plays an important part in many aspects of STEM learning. This connection makes sense. Just think about the skills needed for maths, physics and other STEM subjects. For example, the spatial layout of the periodic table (元素周期表) helps us to understand chemical relationships (化学关系). The good news is that spatial skills are not set in stone and can be improved. One of the easiest ways is visualization. It means creating a mental picture of something in your mind. This has been connected to stronger science and math performance and can be improved through training. Younger children can practice visualization by imagining how to move jigsaw (拼图) pieces in their minds. Older children can use visualization when rearranging maths formulae (公式). Small world play with dollhouses or toy farm sets, for example, can help children understand spatial scale (尺度) differences. Scientists have also found that using toys like building blocks (积木) is good for spatial skills. As a final example, children who hear more spatial language may have stronger spatial skills. Words like “in”, “on” and “next to” help children understand the spatial relationships between objects. More difficult words include “parallel” and “separate”. Together with hand movements, they can help children learn difficult spatial concepts (概念). Spatial abilities have a huge influence (影响) on how we get around in our day to day lives. What’s more, taking more chances to practice our spatial thinking might also improve our STEM learning. Let us make space to develop our spatial thinking! 1．You will most probably need spatial thinking when you ________. A．study family relationships B．create a sad story in your mind C．learn English by watching movies D．use a map to find the way to a museum 2．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce STEM subjects. B．To describe some spatial skills. C．To show the importance of spatial ability. D．To explain the relationships of chemicals. 3．What do you know about spatial thinking from the passage? A．Imagining a picture in mind can improve spatial skills. B．Moving bands may trouble children’s spatial thinking. C．Hearing difficult words can help to learn spatial concepts. D．Listing formulae helps understand spatial scale differences. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show the influence of spatial skills. B．To advise people to train spatial thinking. C．To discuss the advantages of spatial thinking. D．To compare different ways to improve spatial skills. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文围绕空间思维的重要性及其改善方式展开，并建议人们多练习空间思维。 1．推理判断题。根据“Do you often have to try more than once before you fit a pair of shoes correctly into their box? How well can you catch a ball? Are you good at giving directions? All of these everyday activities need spatial thinking (空间思维).”可知，用地图找到去博物馆的路需要用到空间思维。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“In fact, science shows that spatial ability plays an important part in many aspects of STEM learning”以及“For example, the spatial layout of the periodic table (元素周期表) helps us to understand chemical relationships (化学关系).”可知，作者通过举元素周期表作为例子说明空间能力的重要性，因此该段主要目的是说明空间能力的重要性，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“One of the easiest ways is visualization. It means creating a mental picture of something in your mind.”可知，通过想象在头脑中创造图像能提高空间技能，故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，文章围绕空间思维的重要性及其改善方式展开，最后一段建议人们多练习空间思维。因此，文章主要目的是建议人们训练空间思维，故选B。 话题3 社会生活 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京房山·期末）Think about how much time you spent outside last week. Really“outside”. Walking from the car into the mall doesn’t count. Now think about how much time you spent indoors—on the Internet or playing video games or watching TV. You may say, “I play inside more than outside and I like to play games on the computer.” If so, it’s likely that you spent more time inside four walls than outside in fresh air. Kids today spend two fewer hours per week on sports and outdoor activities than kids did 20 years ago.That’s according to a University of Michigan study. Non-moving activities are more popular. The costs “include overweight, greater stress (压力), higher possibility of physical and emotional (情绪上的) illness and less joy…,” says Richard Louv, writer of Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. Playing is important, even for adults (成人). Just getting outdoors does wonders. Outdoor activity betters your senses. The next time you sit down to message your friends, take note of your senses during and after your texting. Then do the same experiment after you’ve done something outside. You will find being outdoors brings the senses to life. “Hiking, exploring, and fishing help hone all of your senses,” says Betsy Keller. She’s a professor of exercise and sports sciences at Ithaca College in New York. “Smell, sight... all of your senses are in use when you’re outside.” Outdoor play frees your mind. Are you stressed out? Having trouble putting your mind to what you’re doing? Too much time indoors, away from the natural world, may be a cause (起因). Louv uses a term to describe the set of problems caused by too much time indoors: nature-deficit disorder. He says, “I use it to describe the price we pay for being away from nature.” Spending time outdoors brings you closer to the environment. When you’re out, breathe in fresh air, hear the leaves crackle’(噼啪作响) underfoot and search for cool birds and plants in the woods. It can help you feel more connected (有联系的) to the natural world. No woods nearby? Nature can be found right outside your back door or in your local park. So the next time you sit down to spend time with a video game, think about treating yourself to a little outdoor play instead. 1．What can we learn from the passage? A．Playing outside is more important for kids than adults. B．Kids spend more time outdoors now than twenty years ago. C．Being so close to nature is the cause of nature-deficit disorder. D．Non-moving activities bring problems for both mind and body. 2．What does the word “hone” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A．Protect. B．Improve. C．Share. D．Record. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss how to get closer to nature. B．To explain why people like to play indoors. C．To encourage people to spend time outdoors. D．To introduce different kinds of outdoor activities. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了户外运动的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据“The costs ‘include overweight, greater stress (压力), higher possibility of physical and emotional (情绪上的) illness and less joy…,’”可知不动的活动会产生一些代价，包括超重、更大的压力、更高的身体和精神疾病发病率以及更少的快乐。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“You will find being outdoors brings the senses to life. ‘Hiking, exploring, and fishing help hone all of your senses’”可知，徒步旅行、探险和钓鱼有助于磨练你的所有感官，故此处划线部分和improve意义相近。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了户外运动的好处。鼓励人们多进行户外运动。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京昌平·期末）Teens are now watching “TV” on their phones, iPads, and computers as well as TVs. This can make it hard for parents to know what their teens are watching. They may be watching shows parents don’t want them to watch. But when parents spend time watching with their teens, it can have big benefits (益处) for both of them. The middle school years are the time when kids start to pull away from parents. They start to get closer to their friends. It’s a good idea for parents to watch with their kids, because in that way, they can know what are going on in their kids’ worlds. And when parents make watching together a habit, their teens are more likely to tell parents about their problems. Without this kind of family time, kids might stop parents from checking on what they’re watching as they get older. When it comes to educational (教育的) shows like Sesame Street, parents can help kids learn more by watching with them. Young kids learn from lots of back-and-forth interactions (互动). So parents should ask their children about what they’re watching and answer their kids’ questions to improve learning. This can be true even when the show is not educational or even very good. A lot of shows use impolite words to describe some people. When kids watch alone, they’re more likely to believe these ideas about people are true. But when parents watch with school-aged kids and point out these wrong ideas, it teaches kids to question them. If parents see someone in a show treating another person badly, they should ask their children what they would do if they saw someone being unkind like that or if someone was mean to them that way. Watching “TV” can be an important learning experience if parents and their children watch actively together. It is a good way to form a stronger and closer parent-child relationship. Also, parents are able to guide children to grow up healthily and happily. 1．When parents make watching TV together a habit, teens may ________ according to the passage. A．share their problems B．use their phones less C．understand parents better D．work hard on schoolwork 2．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．some words in TV shows may mislead the kids B．educational shows should point out wrong ideas C．checking phones is a good way to know about kids D．parents need to watch different kinds of shows first 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Benefits of Watching TV Shows for Kids B．How Parents Help Kids Choose TV Shows C．Reasons for Watching TV Together with Kids D．What TV Shows Parents Should Watch with Kids 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了青少年如今通过多种电子设备观看节目，父母难以知晓其观看内容，而亲子一起观看节目益处颇多，比如增进对孩子世界的了解、助力学习、引导正确价值观等，有助于构建亲密亲子关系、助力孩子健康成长。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“And when parents make watching together a habit, their teens are more likely to tell parents about their problems.”可知，当父母孩子养成一起看电视的习惯时，孩子更有可能告诉父母他们的问题。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“A lot of shows use impolite words to describe some people. When kids watch alone, they’re more likely to believe these ideas about people are true.”可知，很多节目用不礼貌的词语来形容一些人。当孩子们独自观看时，他们更有可能相信这些关于人的想法是正确的。由此推知作者认为一些节目里的话语会误导孩子。故选A。 3．最佳标题题。通读文章可知，本文主要介绍的是父母陪孩子看电视的各种好处及原因。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·北京顺义·期末）Have you ever found yourself scrolling through some video platforms, only to stop and watch a video breaking down your favorite movie or book? You’ re not alone. Literary and film analyses (分析) have become increasingly popular on video platforms. These videos usually last less than five minutes. However, some viral ones can run for as long as several hours. Regardless of the length, there’s a good reason why video analyses have become so popular on video platforms (视频平台). First, let’s face it: Everyone loves a good story. Whether it’s the exciting plot twists (剧情反转) of a popular movie or the deep, meaningful themes of a classic novel, stories attract us. However, understanding the full depth of these stories can be challenging, especially when they’re packed with symbolism (象征意义), hidden meanings and complex characters. This is where literary and film analyses come in. They help us see things we might have missed and deepen our understanding of them. Analyzing literature and film is like solving a puzzle. Sometimes you just need a little help getting started, especially if you’re a student. Watching a well-made video analysis can provide insights that help you make your own thoughts clear, making it easier to deal with that challenging essay or participate in a class discussion. Plus, they often explain difficult concepts (概念) in an interesting way. Beyond homework support, these analyses offer a way to connect with others who share your interests. Fans of the same books, movies or shows often come together in the comments section to share their thoughts. It’s like joining a book club or movie night, but with people from all over the world. The rise of video platforms means that anyone with passion for storytelling can create content, allowing for various voices and perspectives (视角), and more inclusive (包容性强的) analyses. Whether it’s a fresh idea about a Shakespearean classic or a deep research on the latest Marvel movie, there’s something for everyone. In a world where content is king, video analyses provide an attractive way to dive deeper into the stories that shape our culture. Thus, the next time you’ re interested in an essay or just want to understand your favourite movie or novel a little better, consider hitting “play”. You might just learn something new. 1．What is the writer’s opinion on video analyses? A．They can help you join a movie club. B．They can be popular because they are short. C．They can affect your culture in different ways. D．They can give you a deep understanding of stories. 2．According to the passage, what can we do in the analysis videos? A．We can play a popular film. B．We can post a piece of news. C．We can give some English learning tips. D．We can show opinions of reading books. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Making Some Analysis Videos B．Using Video Platforms Reasonably C．Hitting Play on That Analysis Video D．Searching Video Platforms for Information 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了视频分析的流行及其给人们带来的影响和帮助。 1．细节理解题。根据“They help us see things we might have missed and deepen our understanding of them.”可知，作者认为视频分析可以帮助我们深入理解故事。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Fans of the same books, movies or shows often come together in the comments section to share their thoughts.”可知，在分析视频中，我们可以展示阅读书籍的意见。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。整篇文章围绕视频分析的好处展开，结尾处呼吁读者下次感兴趣时可以考虑点击播放。因此，最适合的标题是“点击播放分析视频”。故选C。 话题4 事物介绍 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京东城·期末）A few years ago, research by the National Alliance for Youth Sports in the USA found that most young people (around 70%) gave up playing all organised (有组织的) sport by the age of thirteen. This is really surprising because everyone knows that sports are good for our body and mind. According to the research, the main reason that teenagers no longer wanted to take part in any organised sport was that “it’s just not fun any more”. When I was a child, playing sports was all about having a good time with my friends. It didn’t matter if you were not the fastest and most skillful, you still joined in. It was about playing together, learning to win and lose, laughing and crying, but above all enjoying the moment. But now that we are older, sports teachers and coaches only seem to be interested in the few kids who want to take it seriously. The rest of us, who just want to play for fun, get forgotten. As I see it, it isn’t just sport that is the problem; it’s the whole culture of success that we live in. Every day we are told to “be the best”, “give 110%” and “never give up”. But what if you just want to do something you aren’t very good at because it’s fun? People also need to remember that life for a teenager is pretty busy. You don’t want to miss out on spending time with friends and developing other interests just because you have to go to sports training five times a week. And let’s not forget school. As we get older, we spend more and more time studying, both at home and at school. What really matters is that sport is so important. Besides the physical advantages, lots of research shows sport can help young people deal with stress (压力). When around 30% of teenagers are experiencing stress, we need to do everything possible to get them to take up a sport. What can we do to make such a big change happen? In my opinion, we need schools, sports organisations and governments to understand that, above all else, sport isn’t about being the best, training hard, and winning—it’s about having fun, making friends, and taking part. 1．The writer mentions his own experience of playing sports as a child to _________. A．show his excellence in sports B．share his love of playing sports C．describe the true meaning of sport for children D．tell the importance of sport for children’s development 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Teenagers should take better care of their minds and bodies. B．Sports training time should not take up students’ study time. C．The culture of success stops teenagers playing organised sport. D．Teenagers need suggestions in managing sports and other things. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To warn schools of the risk of trying to win in sports. B．To ask for more chances to enjoy playing sports. C．To advise teenagers to take sports seriously. D．To discuss the advantages of playing sports. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文阐述了作者对于运动的理解。 1．细节理解题。根据“...playing sports was all about having a good time with my friends”和描述儿童时期运动的美好时光可知，是为了描述儿童运动的真正意义，即参与运动是为了享受乐趣、与朋友交往，而不是追求成为最优秀的运动员。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“it isn’t just sport that is the problem; it’s the whole culture of success that we live in”可知，是成功文化阻碍了青少年参与有组织的体育运动。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。结合全文以及“we need schools, sports organisations and governments to understand… it’s about having fun, making friends, and taking part”可知，作者期望更多机会享受运动的乐趣，而不是仅限于竞争和培训目的，强调运动的乐趣和参与。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京朝阳·期末）Have you heard the saying “If you fall off the horse, get back on.”? It means that things may get difficult, and you may make many mistakes. But you should have the passion (激情) and energy to keep going. This is called perseverance. It can help you get a lot of things. Perseverance means keeping doing something for a long time. It doesn’t matter if it is easy or difficult. For example, you practise a trick on your bike again and again. Or you finish a picture without giving up and start over. These show perseverance. Florence, a 13-year-old girl, says, “It means never giving up and trying hard to push yourself. I go running with my mum three times a week. Sometimes I feel good and sometimes I don’t. But I still do it because I want to be the fastest in my class. Whether in good situations or bad ones, we need perseverance.” Studies show that when you feel hopeful and work for a goal you really want, it can reduce stress (压力) and make you feel happier. When you get something you worked hard for and face difficulties on the way, it can develop your confidence and make you feel braver to try new things. Angela Duckworth is an expert (专家) about people’s thoughts and feelings. She studies perseverance and calls it “grit”. She thinks that having grit is really important for us to succeed. She says, “No matter how talented (有天赋的) you are at something or how well you do in school, you must have grit. When things are hard, perseverance is even more important. It can help you get past the hard times and reach your goals.” Duckworth believes perseverance is something anyone can learn. The best way to learn it is to have a growth mind. This means believing that your brain can grow. You can get anything if you put your mind to it. So don’t think, “I can’t do this”, try thinking, “I can’t do this... yet”. As the book The Big Life Journal says, “People with a growth idea know they can get better by working hard. They keep trying even when things are difficult.” 1．Why does the writer take Florence for example in Paragraph 2? A．To introduce what perseverance means. B．To talk about how to train running skills. C．To present the advantages of perseverance. D．To show the importance of staying with parents. 2．According to the passage, what can help us reduce stress? A．Developing talents through mistakes. B．Building confidence in hard situations. C．Trying hard for our dreams with hope. D．Keeping doing things without thinking. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Goals are easier to reach in difficult times. B．Talent is the most important for us to succeed. C．Being clever will help us do well in our lessons. D．Knowing we can get better helps us develop grit. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Power of Perseverance B．The Tips to Reach the Goals C．The Ways to Solve Difficulties D．The Meaning of Thinking Habits 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了毅力的定义和重要性，并以实例说明毅力如何帮助人们取得成功。 1．推理判断题。根据“Florence, a 13-year-old girl, says, ‘It means never giving up and trying hard to push yourself...’”可知，作者举Florence的例子是为了介绍毅力的含义。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Studies show that when you feel hopeful and work for a goal you really want, it can reduce stress (压力) and make you feel happier.”可知，充满希望并为真正想要的目标而努力时可以减轻压力。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“The best way to learn it is to have a growth mind... People with a growth idea know they can get better by working hard.”可知，拥有成长思维可以帮助人们发展毅力，即知道我们可以变得更好有助于培养毅力。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要讨论了毅力的力量以及如何培养毅力，因此选项A“毅力的力量”最适合作为标题。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·北京海淀·期末）When faced with stress or hardship, who do you turn to for help? Who has the power to lift your spirits? Perhaps it’s your mom or dad, or an understanding friend who really cares about you. We all know that spending time with good friends makes us happier. Scientists have even put this feeling to the test, and have found that teen friendships have to do with psychological  (心理的) well-being. A study of 108 high school students in Australia found that strong friendships were pretty helpful for teens after a stressful event, such as failing a test. Teens being with friends were reported to have lower levels of sadness, jealousy, and worry. In fact, friendship not only provides support in the short term, but also influences a person in general in the long run. The researchers interviewed 169 fifteen-year-old teenagers, and tracked their progress over 10 years. Each year, these people were also asked to do a survey testing their levels of anxiety, depression (压抑), and self-worth. As the results showed, having close bonds with friends would reduce people’s levels of anxiety, depression, and improve self-worth. In addition, another study in the journal Child Development found that having good teenage friendships might help teens become better parents in the future. This is because they show more empathy (同理心) to their close friends, which helps them develop better parenting skills. Dr. Jessica A．Stern, in an interview with Psychology Today, emphasized (强调), “When you’re a teenager, close friendships are an important ‘training ground’ for developing social skills and learning how to care for others in more mature ways when you grow up.” However, does having many friends necessarily mean more happiness? In fact, having a lot of friends in one’s friend circle doesn’t always bring mental health benefits. Instead, having too many friends can sometimes lead to social anxiety. The key to teen friendships lies not in the number of friends, but in the closeness and quality of a few good ones. It’s the deep understanding and being understood by another person that help teenagers develop necessary social skills for the future. As we can see, friendships during teenage years play a key role in psychological well-being. We always hope that friendships last forever, even if it isn’t always the case. Developing close teen friendships can pave the way for a happier, more worthwhile life ahead. 1．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Having good teen friends brings long-term benefits to a person. B．Having close bonds with family reduces people’s levels of anxiety. C．Teenagers can train their social skills with the help of their parents. D．Good teen friendships help improve physical health in the long run. 2．What does the writer probably agree with? A．Developing close teen friendships helps improve social skills. B．Being with friends is helpful for teens before a stressful event. C．The more friends a teen has, the happier he or she will become. D．Forming close teen relationships in fact lowers one’s self-worth. 3．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To show the ways to make more friends. B．To explore the true meaning of happiness. C．To stress the difficulty of making real friends. D．To introduce the influence of teen friendships. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了青少年友谊对心理健康的长期重要影响。 1．段落大意题。根据“As the results showed, having close bonds with friends would reduce people’s levels of anxiety, depression, and improve self-worth.”和本段内容可知，第三段主要讲述了拥有良好的青少年朋友会给一个人带来长期的好处。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“ Dr. Jessica A. Stern, in an interview with Psychology Today, emphasized (强调)… ‘training ground’ for developing social skills”可知，作者可能会同意发展亲密的青少年友谊有助于提高社会技能。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。文章介绍了青少年友谊的影响，尤其是对心理健康和未来发展的重要性。故选D。 话题5 其他 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京延庆·期末）Are you an optimist (乐观主义者) or a pessimist (悲观主义者)? Optimists are always hopeful and positive (积极的). Pessimists always expect the worst and see the negative (消极的) side of things. The optimist says, “The glass is half full.” The pessimist says, “The glass is half empty”. Dr. Seligman is a scientist whose studies show that optimists are healthier than pessimists. Pessimists suffer from depression (抑郁) more often than optimists do. Dr. Seligman studied a group of men who had heart attacks. After eight years, most of the optimistic men were still alive, while most of the pessimistic men had died from another heart attack. Dr. Seligman also says that optimists are more successful, athletes, politicians, and businessmen who have optimistic views of the world tend to succeed. Here’s the good news: Everyone can learn to be more optimistic. The main way is to change the way you talk to yourself. When something bad happens to pessimists, they believe it will affect their whole lives. When something bad happens to optimists, they see it as just one event. They also believe that they can solve the problem, so it won’t happen again. Here’s an example: An optimist and a pessimist take a math test. They are both good students, but both of them fail this test. The pessimist thinks, “I am probably going to fail every test. It is too difficult for me. Nobody will like me because I am a terrible student.” The optimist thinks, “It was only one test, I am a smart student. I know I can do much better next time.” Be kinder to yourself, be more hopeful, see the glass as half full! 1．What does Dr. Seligman’s study show? A．Optimists are healthier. B．Pessimists are smarter. C．Optimists are depressed. D．Pessimists are terrible. 2．According to the passage, who may succeed more easily? A．The man who is shy. B．The man who is polite. C．The man who is positive. D．The man who is negative. 3．How can one be more optimistic? A．Doing more tests. B．Asking others for help. C．Changing the self-talk way. D．Thinking of bad things. 4．What will the optimists think after failing a test? A．They will fail every test. B．They will do better next time. C．They will give up learning. D．They will become terrible. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乐观主义者和悲观主义者的不同特点，塞利格曼博士关于乐观主义者更健康、更易成功的研究，以及每个人可通过改变自我对话方式变得更乐观，并以考试为例进行说明。 1．细节理解题。根据“Dr. Seligman is a scientist whose studies show that optimists are healthier than pessimists.”可知，塞利格曼博士研究表明乐观主义者比悲观主义者更健康。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Dr. Seligman also says that optimists are more successful, athletes, politicians, and businessmen who have optimist views of the world tend to succeed.”可知，乐观主义者即积极的人，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Everyone can learn to be more optimistic. The main way is to change the way you talk to yourself.”可知，变得更乐观的主要的方法是改变你对自己说话的方式。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据“The optimist thinks, ‘It was only one test, I am a smart student. I know I can do much better next time.’”可知，乐观主义者会想“我是一个聪明的学生。我知道下次我可以做得更好”。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京东城·期末）There are several kinds of distances people keep. Dr. Hall names them intimate, personal, social, and public. Intimate distance is being very close to another, as in a family. Personal distance might be the kind people put between themselves at a party. Social distance is more businesslike and formal. Public distance is used by actors, politicians, and leaders before a large group. Scientists are trying to find out how people use these different distances. They want to discover why, when, and where people allow closeness or use space to protect themselves from others. Since proxemics (距离效应学) is a new science, there aren’t many conclusions about the meaning of space separating people. But you can make some general observations (观察) on your own. Take notes about how you use space in different situations. What message do you get from other people as they move close to you or away from you? Does distance give you a feeling that you are being ignored (忽视)? When do you feel crowded? Standing in a line at a shop counter, you can learn about space. People keep just enough distance between each other so that they don’t invade (侵犯) each other’s area. If you move into another person’s area, you would soon know it. That person would become nervous or turn around to show you the angry expression on his or her face. Or that person might simply tell you, “Please step back. I’m too crowded.” School is a good place to study how space is used and how people mark their own area. At school you probably have a desk or part of a table to call your own. How do you feel when you find someone sitting at your desk or covering your table with papers and books? Maybe you want to protect your area. You might tell the other person that it belongs to you. Then you might move his or her things aside. You might even ask that person to leave your area. Whether people are close together or far from each other, space can tell you indeed. The most important thing in space dialogue is whether people respect one another’s areas. Invading other people’s space might mean trouble. 1．From the passage we can learn that ________ A．close distance can make you feel comfortable B．personal distance is between family members C．close or not, there is distance between people D．one must keep enough distance from others 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．You must protect your area from others’ invading it. B．Distance can tell the relationship between people. C．Scientists are studying why there are kinds of distances. D．Space among people is something important for us. 3．What does the sentence “Please step back. I’m too crowded” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．You’re standing too close to me. B．Go away or I am leaving. C．Come and see I am here. D．You take all my area as yours. 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How interesting distance is B．Space does speak indeed C．Distance can be everywhere D．One should own his space 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了人与人之间的距离：亲密的，个人的，社会的和公众的。无论人们是亲密的还是遥远的，空间都可以告诉你，空间对话中最重要的是人们是否尊重对方的领域，侵犯别人的空间可能意味着麻烦。 1．推理判断题。根据“Personal distance might be the kind people put between themselves at a party. Social distance is more businesslike and formal. Public distance is used by actors, politicians, and leaders before a large group.”可知，人与人之间的距离可能是聚会上人们之间的距离。社交距离更为商业化和正式化。公众距离是演员、政治家和领导人在一大群人面前使用的。可知，不管近不近，人与人之间都有距离。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Scientists are trying to find out how people use these different distances.” 可知，科学家们正试图找出人们如何利用这些不同的距离。以及下文的叙述可知，距离可以分辨人与人之间的关系。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“That person would become nervous or turn around to show you the angry expression on his or her face. Or that person might simply tell you, ‘Please step back. I’m too crowded.’”那个人会变得紧张或者转过身来向你展示他或她的愤怒表情。或者那个人可能会简单地告诉你，“请退后一步。我太挤了。”可知，如果有人说“Please step back. I’m too crowded.”是表示你离别人太近了。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。本文介绍了人与人之间的距离：亲密的，个人的，社会的和公众的。无论人们是亲密的还是遥远的，空间都可以告诉你，空间对话中最重要的是人们是否尊重对方的领域，侵犯别人的空间可能意味着麻烦。可知，空间确实能说话。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·北京石景山·期末）Think about how much time you spent outdoors last week. Really “outdoors.” Walking from the car into the mall doesn’t count. Now think about how much time you spent indoors—on the Internet or playing video games or watching TV. You may say, “I play inside more than outside and I like to play games on the computer.” If so, it’s likely that you spent more time inside four walls than outside in fresh air. Kids today spend two fewer hours per week on sports and outdoor activities than kids did 20 years ago. That’s according to a University of Michigan study. Non-moving activities are more popular. The costs “include overweight, greater stress (压力), higher rates of physical and emotional illness and less joy…” says Richard Louv, writer of Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder (自然缺失症). Play is important, even for adults. Just getting outdoors does wonders. Outdoor activity betters your senses. The next time you sit down to message your friends, take note of your senses during and after your texting. Then do the same experiment after you’ve done something outside. You will find being outdoors brings the senses to life. “Hiking, exploring, and fishing help hone all of your senses,” says Betsy Keller. She’s a professor of exercise and sports sciences at Ithaca College in New York. “Smell, sight…all of your senses are in use when you’re outside.” Outdoor play frees your mind. Are you stressed out? Having trouble focusing your mind on what you’re doing? Too much time indoors— away from the natural world—may be a cause. Louv uses a term to describe the set of problems caused by too much time indoors: nature deficit disorder. He says, “I use it to describe the price we pay for being so separated from nature.” Spending time outdoors brings you closer to the environment. When you’re out, breathe in fresh air, hear the leaves crackle underfoot and search cool birds and plants in the woods. It can help you feel more connected to the natural world. No woods nearby? Nature can be found right outside your back door or in your local park. So, the next time you sit down to spend quality time with a video game, consider treating yourself to a little outdoor play instead. 1．Richard Louv may believe that ______. A．spending too much time indoors may cause health problems B．kids today do more outdoor activities than kids in the 1990s C．kids should pay for being playing in the natural world D．hiking is a better way to exercise than fishing 2．Which of the following is a good way to enjoy outdoor play? A．Walking from your car into the restaurant. B．Spending your quality time with TV shows. C．Playing a video game of making sand buildings by the beach. D．Watching in your local park how fast the clouds are moving. 3．What does “hone” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．remember B．improve C．test D．lose 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why kids should play outside. B．Why kids prefer outdoor activities. C．How kids play games in the nature. D．How kids can get close to the nature. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了户外运动的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据“Non-moving activities are more popular. The costs ‘include overweight, greater stress (压力), higher rates of physical and emotional illness and less joy…’ says Richard Louv,”可知，Richard Louv认为不动的活动会产生一些代价，包括超重、更大的压力、更高的身体和精神疾病发病率以及更少的快乐。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Nature can be found right outside your back door or in your local park.”可推知，在你当地的公园里观察云移动的速度，是享受户外运动的好方式。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“You will find being outdoors brings the senses to life. ‘Hiking, exploring, and fishing help hone all of your senses’”可知，徒步旅行、探险和钓鱼有助于磨练你的所有感官，故此处划线部分和improve意义相近。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了户外运动的好处。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级上·北京西城·期末）Life has its ups and downs and people sometimes feel anxious (焦虑的). If the feelings of anxiety become too strong, they can make you unwell. Usually, we might see a doctor or take some medicine to feel better. But it would be helpful to have something to use at home that does not involve (涉及) medicine. So, we made a robotic cushion (抱枕) to help manage anxiety. Our team was made up of scientists from several fields. We built a few different robotic cushions, and each one offered a different calming experience, like the feeling of breathing (呼吸), a heartbeat, and one of them even had colorful lights inside. We asked people to try them out and tell us which they liked the best. Most people liked the cushion that felt like it was breathing. So, we decided to work more on that one. For our final cushion, we made it bigger so it was easier to hug. We made a robotic part that could push air in and out of a balloon inside the cushion, to control (控制) the “breathing”. We did this because slow breathing helps people feel calmer. Now, we wanted to see if our cushion really could help with anxiety, so we did a test. The test had to do three things: make people feel anxious, check their anxiety levels, and compare the effect (效果) of the cushion to something else. We made people feel anxious by having them do some difficult math problems in front of others. Afterwards, we asked them to score their anxiety levels from one to ten. To see how well the cushion worked, we put people into three groups. Group A used the breathing cushion, Group B tried meditating (冥想), and Group C just sat quietly without anything to help with their anxiety. After 10 minutes, we asked them to score their anxiety levels again. We found that people who hugged the breathing cushion had much less anxiety than those who just sat quietly. And we saw that meditation also helped people reduce their anxiety. Meditation can be difficult because it needs attention and practice, but hugging a cushion is easy! And, you could hug the cushion while doing other things. By doing more research like this, we can find ways to help people who need different ways to feel better. What do you think? Would you like to have a breathing cushion to hug when you’re worried? 1．The scientists made the robotic cushion to ________. A．help people call for doctors B．make the home pretty C．help people feel less worried D．tell people when to take medicine 2．What is the final cushion like? A．It uses air to make the sound of a heartbeat. B．It has a robotic part to make it “breathe”. C．It comes in all shapes and sizes. D．It has colorful lights inside. 3．What do we know about the test from Paragraphs 5 and 6? A．People in different groups liked different kinds of cushions. B．The researchers had people use the cushion during a meditation. C．The result showed the cushion helped people solve math problems. D．The test compared the effects of hugging the cushion and sitting quietly 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show how to use a robotic cushion. B．To introduce a product that helps with anxiety. C．To warn people about the dangers of being worried D．To compare ways of helping people feel less anxious. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了研究人员制作机器人抱枕来缓解焦虑的过程及测试结果，发现呼吸抱枕能有效减轻焦虑，且使用方便，可为需要不同方式缓解焦虑的人提供帮助。 1．细节理解题。根据“So, we made a robotic cushion (抱枕) to help manage anxiety.”可知科学家制作了一个机器人抱枕来帮助管理焦虑。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“We made a robotic part that could push air in and out of a balloon inside the cushion, to control (控制) the ‘breathing’”可知它有一个机器人部件，可以将空气推入和推出垫子内的气球，以控制“呼吸”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“We found that people who hugged the breathing cushion had much less anxiety than those who just sat quietly”可知发现拥抱呼吸抱枕的人比那些只是静静地坐着的人焦虑得少，可见该测试比较了拥抱垫子和安静坐着的效果。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。本文介绍了研究人员制作机器人抱枕来缓解焦虑的过程及测试结果，发现呼吸抱枕能有效减轻焦虑，且使用方便，可为需要不同方式缓解焦虑的人提供帮助，所以文章是介绍了一种有助于缓解焦虑的产品。故选B。 Passage 5 （24-25八年级上·北京通州·期末）Your mind and body are connected (联系的). How you think can affect (影响) how you feel and how you feel can affect your thinking. An example of this mind-body connection is how your body responds (回应) to stress (压力). Long-term worry and stress over jobs or other problems can cause headaches, and stomach problems. It may also lead to high blood pressure or other serious problems. On the other hand, pain (疼痛) or a health problem can affect your emotions (情绪). You might become sad and stressed. And this could affect how you face your illness. But your mind can have a positive (积极的) effect on your health, too. Having a positive outlook on life might help you better handle pain or stress. And it can help you stay healthier than someone who is less hopeful. ________ Your brain produces things that can help with your health. These things include endorphins (内啡肽), which are natural painkillers. Research shows that what your brain produces depends in part on your thoughts, feelings, and expectations. If you’re sick but you have hope and a positive attitude and you believe that you’ll get better, your brain is likely to produce chemicals that will help your body heal (康复) quickly. Negative (负面的) thoughts and emotions can keep your brain from producing some of the chemicals that help your body heal. Although people can’t cure (治愈) all the illness, your thoughts and state of mind are the resources (资源) you can use to get better. How does stress affect you? When you are stressed, your body responds as though you are in danger. It makes hormones (激素) that speed up your heart, make you breathe faster, and give you a burst of energy. If the stress is over quickly, your body goes back to normal and no harm is done. But if stress happens too often or lasts too long, it can have bad effects. Long-term stress can make you more likely to get sick, and it can make symptoms of some diseases worse. If you tense up (紧张) when you are stressed, you may have neck, shoulder, or low back pain. Stress can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease. Stress also harms your emotional health. It can make you sad, angry or depressed and you may not do well at work or school. But when you are able to relax your mind and body, your body stops producing the hormones that create stress and you return to a state of calm again. 1．The writer uses the example to show ________. A．stress and worries are good for our health B．problems can be solved when people worry about them C．our mind and body have strong connections D．illness can affect our body but can’t affect our mind 2．Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraphs 5-7? A．How do your thoughts and feelings affect your health? B．What does your brain produce when you are worried? C．What chemicals can help your body heal? D．How do negative thoughts help people cure the illness? 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Positive ideas can help people cure all illness. B．A positive attitude will raise your body’s healing power. C．Short-term stress can harm your body badly. D．Long-term stress can help improve emotional health. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To encourage people to have a positive outlook on life. B．To show stress has a positive effect on people’s life. C．To tell why stress affects people’s health. D．To explain how people feel when they are ill. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要阐述了身心紧密相连，一方面，压力等负面情绪会引发身体不适，身体疾病也会影响情绪；另一方面，积极心态能助力身体康复，大脑产生的物质受思维、情感影响。作者旨在鼓励人们拥有积极的生活态度。 1．细节理解题。根据“An example of this mind-body connection is how your body responds (回应) to stress (压力). Long-term worry and stress over jobs or other problems can cause headaches, and stomach problems. It may also lead to high blood pressure or other serious problems.”可知，这种身心联系的一个例子是你的身体对压力的反应。对工作或其他问题的长期担忧和压力会导致头痛和胃病。它还可能导致高血压或其他严重的问题。故作者使用这些例子是为了说明身心是紧密相连的。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。通读第5-7段，可知，第五段提到大脑产生的物质对健康有帮助；第六段讲述大脑产生物质部分取决于人的想法、感受和期望，并介绍了积极的想法和情绪有助于身体康复，第七段则讲述了负面思想和情绪会阻碍大脑产生有助于身体康复的化学物质，尽管人们无法治愈所有疾病，但思想和心态是可助力身体好转的资源。故这三段主要是在讲想法和感受是如何影响健康的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“If you’re sick but you have hope and a positive attitude and you believe that you’ll get better, your brain is likely to produce chemicals that will help your body heal (康复) quickly.”可知，如果你生病了，但你有希望和积极的态度，你相信你会好起来的，你的大脑可能会产生化学物质，帮助你的身体快速愈合。即积极的态度会提高你身体的治愈能力。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要阐述了身心紧密相连，一方面，压力等负面情绪会引发身体不适，身体疾病也会影响情绪；另一方面，积极心态能助力身体康复，大脑产生的物质受思维、情感影响。整体是在鼓励人们拥有积极的生活态度。故选A。 $