UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版）

本讲义围绕“麦夸里岛从生态紊乱到保护”主题，系统梳理阅读理解、核心词汇（如decrease, multiply）、重点短语（in harmony with, die out）及关键句式（部分倒装、it作形式宾语），脉络从文章主题引入到语言点解析再到练习巩固，构建完整学习支架。 资料特色在于融合生态主题与语言教学，通过分析人类活动对生态的影响培养环保意识（文化意识），借助句式分析提升语言理解与表达能力（语言能力），问题链设计促进批判性思维（思维品质）。课中助力教师主题式教学，课后练习帮助学生巩固词汇句式，弥补知识盲点。

[对应学生用书P97] Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P97] MACQUARIE ISLAND：from Chaos① to Conservation I am standing on Macquarie Island，in the South-west Pacific Ocean，halfway② between Australia and Antarctica.Strong winds③ and stormy seas④ have helped sculpt⑤ its long，thin shape.The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically⑥，[1] giving it a wild and natural beauty．No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage⑦ Site.[2]Nor would they fail to⑧ imagine how its native inhabitants⑨ ，including royal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals，existed in perfect harmony with⑩ their natural habitat for thousands of years. [1]此处是v.-ing短语作结果状语。 [2]本句是主从复合句。主句中，否定词Nor位于句首，句子采用了部分倒装；how引导宾语从句，作imagine的宾语。 But the island's more recent history tells a different story⑪.[3]It's a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island.In their ships they unknowingly⑫ brought rats and mice⑬.These small animals quickly took over⑭ the island，[4]eating the birds' eggs and attacking baby birds．Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice.Unfortunately，the cats subsequently⑮developed an appetite for⑯ the birds，too. [3]本句中的It指的是前面的a different story。that在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a tragic story；该定语从句中又包含一个关系副词when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词1810，when在此定语从句中作时间状语。 [4]此处的“eating the birds' eggs”和“attacking baby birds”是and连接的两个并列的v.-ing短语，在句中作伴随状语。 Meanwhile，rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.Loose⑰ on the island，they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied⑱ rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes，which caused soil erosion.The exploding⑲ rabbit population provided plentiful⑳ food for the cats，meaning that the number of㉑ cats also increased.This in turn㉒ led to more cats hunting the birds.The end result was that parakeets㉓，once large in number and native to the island，died out in 1891. Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s㉔，the rabbits remained out of control㉕.Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from㉖ the island.[5]With this goal in mind，a virus㉗ was released㉘ onto the island.But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to㉙ around 10，000，it also meant less food for the cats.The cats in consequence㉚ turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds，killing up to㉛ 60，000 each year.In the 1980s，traps㉜ and dogs were used to㉝ catch the cats.The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000. [5]此处属于with复合结构，介词短语in mind作宾补，该结构在句中作状语。 [6]But as the saying goes，“While the cat's away，the mice will play.”With the departure of the cats from㉞ the island，the mouse and rat population started to increase.And remember those 10，000 or so rabbits? It turned out㉟ that they developed an immunity to㊱ the virus，and their numbers exploded once again.Then，in 2006，the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapse㊲，and killed a substantial number of㊳ penguins.This incident㊴ made it clear that the rat，mouse and rabbit problem needed solving㊵ once and for all㊶. [6]此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as代替后面的句子。 So，I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle㊷ this very㊸ problem.The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters.The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species㊹，and that's where I come in—with my dogs.They have been trained to find every last one，without harming the native animals.This intervention㊺ is a long，much-delayed ending to a sad story，but we humans owe it to the island to㊻ give it a happy ending. Postscript㊼： In 2014，Macquarie Island was declared pest-free㊽ and the island's ecology㊾ is finally on the road to recovery㊿. ①chaos n.大混乱；紊乱 ②halfway adj.中间的，半途的adv.在……的中间，在中途，到一半 the halfway point/stage中间点/阶段 ③strong winds强劲的风 high winds大风 a light wind微风 ④stormy seas波涛汹涌的大海 ⑤sculpt vt.[熟词生义] 使具有某种形状 ⑥contrast dramatically对比鲜明 contrast vi.[熟词生义](靠近或做比较时)显出明显的差异，形成对比 contrast sharply相差甚远 dramatically adv.显著地；戏剧性地 ⑦heritage n.遗产；传统 ⑧fail to do sth未能做某事 ⑨native inhabitants本土动物；本地居民 inhabitant n.[C]栖居的动物；居民 ⑩in harmony with...与……协调，与……和睦 ⑪tell a different story说的情况迥然不同 story n.[熟词生义](真实情况的)叙述，描述 ⑫unknowingly adv.不知情地 ⑬rats and mice大大小小的老鼠 rat n.[C]大老鼠 mouse n.(pl.mice)老鼠，耗子 ⑭take over接管，接手 ⑮subsequently adv.后来，随后 ⑯develop an appetite for...对……产生兴趣/欲望 appetite n.胃口，食欲 ⑰loose adj.不受约束的，未束缚，自由的 ⑱multiply v.(使)大大增加，(使)倍增 ⑲explode vi.突然增加 ⑳plentiful adj.大量的；众多的；充足的；丰富的 ㉑the number of...……的数量 ㉒in turn相应地，转而 take turns轮流 ㉓parakeet n.长尾(小)鹦鹉 ㉔in the 1970s在20世纪70年代 ㉕out of control失去控制，无法管理 ㉖remove...from...使……从……消失 remove vt.使消失，去除，排除 ㉗virus n.[C]病毒 the flu virus流感病毒 a virus infection病毒感染 ㉘release vt.释放 ㉙decrease from...to...从……减少到…… decrease v.(使)变小，(使)减少 [反义词]increase vi.& vt.(使)增长，增加 ㉚in consequence结果 ㉛up to达到(某数量、程度等) ㉜trap n.[C]夹子，陷阱 ㉝be used to do sth被用来做某事 ㉞the departure from...从……离开 departure n.离开 ㉟turn out原来是；证明是；结果是 ㊱develop an immunity to...形成对……的免疫力 immunity n.免疫力 ㊲collapse v.倒坍；塌下 ㊳a substantial number of相当多的 substantial adj.大量的，多的 ㊴incident n.[C]事件 ㊵sth needs doing某事需要被做 ㊶once and for all最终地，最后地；彻底地，一次了结地 ㊷tackle vt.应付，处理，解决(难题或局面) ㊸very[熟词生义] adj.(特指人或事物)正是的，恰好的，同一的 ㊹invading species侵袭性物种invade vt.(尤指造成损害或混乱地)涌入，侵袭 invasion n.侵略；涌入 ㊺intervention n.干预，介入 ㊻owe it to...to do sth(认为)应该为……做某事 owe v.应该做；对……负有……的义务 ㊼postscript n.[C] 附言 ㊽pest-free adj.没有害兽/鸟/虫的 pest n.有害小动物；害虫 ㊾ecology n.生态；生态学 ㊿on the road to recovery走上复苏之路 recovery n.改善；回升；复苏 recover vi.复原，恢复常态 麦夸里岛：从紊乱到保护 我此刻正站在麦夸里岛上，它位于太平洋西南部，澳大利亚和南极洲中间。强风以及波涛汹涌的大海使它形成了细长的形状。青草和裸露的岩石地貌形成了鲜明的对比，赋予这座岛一种野性和自然之美。这座岛屿被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产保护区，任何游客都不会对此感到意外。他们也不难想象出当地物种，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹，数千年来是如何与它们的自然栖息地和谐共存的。 不过，这座岛屿更近期的历史讲述的情况迥然不同。那是一个始于1810年的悲剧故事，在那年，人类来到这座岛上。在毫不知情的情况下，他们的船只带来了大大小小的老鼠。这些小动物很快占领了这座岛屿，吃鸟蛋并攻击雏鸟。猫被带到这座岛上来控制这些大大小小的老鼠。不幸的是，这些猫随后也对鸟类产生了食欲。 与此同时，作为人类的食物来源，兔子被引进到这座岛上。它们(兔子)在岛上逍遥自在，做了最擅长做的事——它们迅速繁殖，开始吃当地的植物并且挖洞，造成了水土流失。兔子数量的迅猛增长为猫提供了充足的食物，这意味着猫的数量也增加了。这相应地导致了更多的猫捕食鸟类。最终的结果是，岛上原本数量众多的本土鸟类——长尾鹦鹉，在1891年灭绝了。 即使在20世纪70年代，麦夸里岛成为官方认定的自然保护区后，兔子仍然无法控制。专家们认为，必须找到一个方案使所有的兔子都从岛上消失。怀着这个目标，他们在岛上投放了一种病毒。然而，虽然该病毒导致兔子的数量从13万只减少到1万只左右，但这也意味着猫的食物减少了。结果这些猫把它们的注意力——以及它们的胃口——转回到当地的鸟类身上，它们每年杀死的鸟多达6万只。20世纪80年代，陷阱和狗被用来抓猫。麦夸里岛上的最后一只猫在2000年被捕获。 不过，俗话说：“猫儿不在，老鼠翻天。”随着岛上猫的离开，大小老鼠的数量开始上升。还记得那一万只左右的兔子吗？结果这些兔子对病毒产生了免疫力，它们的数量再次激增。然后，在2006年，兔子挖洞导致一些土地坍塌，并且使大量的企鹅丧生。这一事件清楚地表明，大小老鼠和兔子的问题需要得到彻底解决。 因此，我来到麦夸里岛，正是参加解决这一问题的项目。第一步涉及用直升机投放毒药。接下来的一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，那就是我为何带着我的狗来这里。这些狗受过训练，能在不伤害岛上本土动物的前提下，找到所有剩余的入侵物种。这次介入是一个漫长的、被推迟了很久的悲伤故事的结局，但是我们人类应该给这个岛一个美好的结局。 附言：2014年，麦夸里岛被宣布为非兽害区，并且岛上的生态终于走上了复苏之路。 [对应学生用书P100] Ⅰ.重点词汇 核心单词 1．habitat n.栖息地 2．appetite n.胃口，食欲 3．multiply v.(使)大大增加，(使)倍增 4．chaos n.大混乱；紊乱 5．virus n.病毒 6．decrease v.(使)变小，(使)减少 7．trap n.夹子，陷阱 8．collapse v.倒坍；塌下 9．substantial adj.大量的，多的 10．incident n.事件 11．intervention n.干预，介入 12．owe v.应该做；对……负有……的义务 拓展单词 13．dramatically adv.显著地→dramatic adj.戏剧性的；突然的→drama n.戏剧 14．subsequently adv.后来，随后→subsequent adj.随后的；后来的 15．conservation n.保护→conserve v.保护→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的 16．departure n.离开→depart v.离开 17．explode v.突然增加→explosion n.爆炸 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．fail to do未能做某事 2．in harmony with...与……和谐相处 3．develop an appetite for...产生了对……的食欲 4．be introduced to被引进/介绍给 5．out of control失去控制 6．remove...from...使……从……消失 7．decrease from...to...从……下降到…… 8．in consequence结果；因此 9．turn out结果是；证明是；原来是 10．a substantial number of大量的；相当多的 11．once and for all最终地；最后地；彻底地；一次了结地 12．every last每一个；全部 13．owe it to sb to do(认为)应该为某人做某事 Ⅲ.重点句式 1．部分倒装 Nor would they fail to imagine(他们也不难想象出) how its native inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals，existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 2．it作形式宾语 This incident made it clear that(这一事件清楚地表明) the rat，mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all. [对应学生用书P100] Ⅰ.What's the main idea of the passage? A．Macquarie Island was saved from destruction. B．The chaos caused on Macquarie Island by humans. C．A funny story about what happened on Macquarie Island. D．The ways in which an ecosystem can be protected. 答案　A Ⅱ.Read the passage and fill in the blanks. Read the passage carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What does the author want to tell us in the first paragraph? A．Macquarie Island is beautiful. B．Macquarie Island has a world-class name. C．There are lots of penguins on Macquarie Island. D．It is not easy for people to get to Macquarie Island. 2．Why did people bring rabbits to Macquarie Island? A．To kill the mice on the island. B．To serve as their food. C．To remove the grass from the island. D．To drive away the parakeets. 3．What does the author think of the former methods of controlling invading species? A．Useful. B．Creative. C．Successful. D．Negative. 4．Why does the author come to the island this time? A．To do some voluntary work. B．To train his dogs to catch rats. C.To attend a meeting on the island. D．To control the invading species. 答案　1～4　ABDD 1．The end result was that parakeets，once large in number and native to the island，died out in 1891. [句式分析] 句中that引导表语从句，从句中“once large in number and native to the island”是形容词短语作定语。　 [翻译]　最终的结果是，岛上原本数量众多的本土鸟类——长尾鹦鹉，在1891年灭绝了。 2．The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species，and that's where I come in—with my dogs. [句式分析] 本句为and引导的并列句。第一个分句中不定式短语作表语，说明The next step的具体内容；第二个分句中where引导表语从句。 [翻译]　接下来的一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，那就是我为何带着我的狗来这里。 [核心词汇·练透] [对应学生用书P102] decrease v.(使)变小，(使)减少 n.减少；降低 (1)decrease by　减少了…… decrease (from...) to...　(从……)减少到…… (2)on the decrease　在减少 a decrease in...　在……方面减少 (教材原句) But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000，it also meant less food for the cats. 然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130 000降低到约10 000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 词汇升级 (1)A similar situation occurred to social science and business which saw a decrease by 70% and an increase by 85% respectively. (2)The number of tourists has increased to 14，000 million in the past two months. (3)It is reported that as a result of the appearance of smartphones，the number of people who read magazines is dropping nowadays. →It is reported that as a result of the appearance of smartphones，the number of people who read magazines is on the decrease nowadays. trap n.夹子，陷阱；困境 vt.使陷入困境 (1)be trapped in　困在……中；陷在……中 trap sb into (doing) sth　诱使某人做某事 (2)fall into a trap　落入圈套 set a trap for　为……设下陷阱 (教材原句)In the 1980s，traps and dogs were used to catch the cats. 20世纪80年代，陷阱和狗被用来抓猫。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 补全句子/ 句式升级 (1)Because of the greenhouse effect，the earth is warmed by gases trapped(trap) in the atmosphere. (2)Think carefully before you answer questions online.You may be trapped into giving away very important personal information. (3)After they had been trapped in(被困在) the mine for two days，the miners were finally rescued. →Trapped in the mine for two days，the miners were finally rescued.(分词短语作状语) turn out结果是……；证明是；原来是 turn to　求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向 turn down　关小；拒绝 turn on　打开(水、煤气、电灯等) turn off　关上(水、煤气、电灯等) turn up　开大；出现 turn in　提交；自首；交付；上交 (教材原句)It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus，and their numbers exploded once again. 它们最终对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。 [练通]——用turn的相关短语填空/ 完成句子 (1)Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs or you could have problems. (2)This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down—a skill that has turned out to be quite practical，especially whenever we share the newspaper.(2024·全国甲卷) (3)You had better turn up punctually or a few minutes earlier than the appointed time. (4)所有的候选人必须在截止日期前交上申请表和相关材料。 All the candidates must turn in the application forms and relevant materials before the deadline.(应用文写作之通知) owe v.应该做；对……负有……的义务；欠(债) (1)owe sb sth (for sth )＝owe sth to sb (for sth )(因某事)欠某人某物 owe sb an apology欠某人一个道歉 owe sb a favour欠某人一个人情 (2)owe...to...把……归功于…… owe it to sb that...多亏某人…… owe it to...to do sth 做某事是……的义务；(认为)应该为……做某事 (3)owing to因为；由于 (教材原句)This intervention is a long，much-delayed ending to a sad story，but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. 这次介入是一个漫长的、被推迟了很久的悲伤故事的结局，但是我们人类应该给这个岛一个美好的结局。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1)I owe it to my teacher that I have passed the exam because she provided me with extra guidance and resources. (2)Many people have asked how I learned to speak English fluently，and I owe most of it to my being an English teacher in college for years. (3)Owing(owe) to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. (4)我应该为这周日没能和你一起外出而向你道歉。对于这可能给你带来的不便或失望，我真的感到非常抱歉。 I owe an apology to you for failing to go outing with you this Sunday.I'm truly sorry for any inconvenience or disappointment this may have caused.(应用文佳句之道歉信) [重点句型·通关] [对应学生用书P103] 部分倒装 (1)否定副词置于句首，句子用部分倒装：将情态动词、系动词或助动词提前； (2)常用的表否定意义的副词或短语如never，not，nor，hardly，little(少)，seldom，rarely，neither，scarcely，at no time，by no means，in no way。 (教材原句)Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals，existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 他们也不难想象出当地物种，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹，数千年来是如何与它们的自然栖息地和谐共存的。 [练通]——完成句子/ 句式升级 (1)直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。 Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句)(续写佳句之主旨升华) (2)You will never be admitted to your ideal university if you are addicted to online games. →Never will you be admitted to your ideal university if you are addicted to online games. (倒装句) [对应学生用书P104] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．halfway between...and...在……与……之间 2．strong winds强风 3．the stormy sea波涛汹涌的大海 4．a natural habitat自然栖息地 5．be native to...原产于……；源于……的 6．a nature reserve一个自然保护区 7．turn sb's attention back to...把某人的注意力转回到…… 8．as the saying goes常言道 9．with the departure of...随着……的离开 10．develop an immunity to the virus 对病毒产生免疫 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．The number of independent firms in this country has decreased (减少) from 198 to 96 this year. 2．Smoking multiplies(大大增加) the risk of heart attacks and other health problems. 3．Recent findings have shown that our appetite(胃口) and food intake are also influenced by our eating environment. 4．在我一生中很少遇到如此果断之人。 Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person/such a determined person． 5. 有这样一位优秀的老师，我们感到很幸运，并由衷地感谢他为我们所做的一切。 We feel it lucky to have such an excellent teacher and thank him for what he has done for us from the bottom of our hearts. [对应学生用书P104] 生态、环境描写 Ⅰ.常用词汇 课文词汇 1．exist in perfect harmony with...和……完美地和谐共存 2．in turn相应地；依次；轮流；反之；反过来 3．fail to imagine...很难想象…… 4．die out灭亡，灭绝 5．nature reserve自然保护区 6．out of control失去控制 补充词汇 7．alternative energy可替代能源 8．damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地 9．improve ecological awareness增强生态意识 Ⅱ.常用句型 课本原句 1．The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats，meaning that the number of cats also increased.This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds. 爆炸式增长的兔子数量给猫提供了充足的食物，这意味着猫的数量也增加了，相应地就有更多的猫捕食鸟类。 2．But as the saying goes，“While the cat's away，the mice will play.” 但正如俗语所说，“猫儿不在，老鼠翻天”。 其他表达 3．In order to promote the sustainable development of the city，we must create a pleasant ecological environment and pursue a green life，such as developing solar energy and strengthening pollution control. 为了促进城市的可持续发展，我们必须创造宜人的生态环境，追求绿色生活，如发展太阳能和加强污染控制。 4．Our government has further speeded up environmental protection plans to promote the sustainable development of our city. 我国政府进一步加快了环境保护计划，以促进我国城市的可持续发展。 5．Facing the declining biodiversity，this organisation is advocating to educate the public the protection of wild animals and plants. 面对生物多样性的减少，这个组织提倡教育公众保护野生动植物。 Ⅲ.写作微练 1．很难想象，在人与自然和谐共存的自然保护区，原本猫的数量失去控制，很多本地的物种灭亡。 It's hard to imagine that the Nature Reserve where men exist in perfect harmony with the animals had more cats out of control and lots of local species died out. 2．为了提高居民的环保和生态意识，我们正在开展一系列的环保活动。 To improve residents' environmental and ecological awareness，we are launching a range of environmentally-friendly campaigns. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $