精品解析：2026届上海市长宁区高三一模英语试卷

2025学年第一学期高三英语教学质量调研试卷 (考试时间105分钟;满分115分) I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. National Gallery bans liquids Visitors to London’s National Gallery have been banned from bringing any liquids into the building after several protests targeted artworks. The new rule came into force on 18 October. It means that visitors ____1____ (not allow) to bring liquids into the gallery, except for baby milk and medicines. The National Gallery has been targeted by protesters five times since July 2022. During the incidents, demonstrators threw liquids over famous paintings. Some of these attacks damaged the artworks or display cases ____2____ the National Gallery has now been forced to take protective action. ____3____ it will introduce next is tightened security in the gallery. On 27 September, three protesters from an environmental campaign group called Just Stop Oil threw tomato soup at two paintings by Vincent van Gogh. This attack happened on the same day that two other Just Stop Oil members were sent to prison for a similar harmful act in October 2022, ____4____ (cause) thousands of pounds’ worth of damage. On 9 October, a painting entitled Motherhood, by Pablo Picasso, was targeted by a campaign group called Youth Demand, ____5____ members messed up the frame, spotted the wall and also poured red paint over the floor. Of those damaging acts, pouring red paint was ____6____ (destructive) — it completely ruined the viewing area. Youth Demand called on the UK Government to stop selling weapons to other countries. Other artworks ____7____ (attack) include The Hay Wain by John Constable and The Toilet of Venus by Diego Velazquez. According to the gallery, the artworks it holds ____8____ (be) “irreplaceable”. However, such attacks have already caused immeasurable damage to them. Just Stop Oil and Youth Demand have offered to meet up with staff from the National Gallery ____9____ (discuss) the situation. A statement from Just Stop Oil said, “These actions cause small amounts of damage and disturbance. We take these actions to bring ____10____ attention the enormous damage and destruction (climate change) that our Government is supporting.” 【答案】1. are not allowed 2. so that 3. What 4. causing 5. whose 6. the most destructive 7. attacked 8. are 9. to discuss 10. to 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了伦敦国家美术馆因抗议者多次针对艺术品投掷液体而禁止游客携带液体入内的规定及其相关事件。 【1题详解】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这意味着游客不允许携带液体进入画廊，婴儿奶粉和药品除外。本空为that引导的宾语从句的谓语，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语visitors与allow“允许”为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语visitors为复数，be动词用are。故填are not allowed。 【2题详解】 考查结果状语从句。句意：其中一些袭击损坏了艺术品或展示柜，因此国家美术馆现在被迫采取保护措施。前后句之间为因果关系，前因后果，用连词so that“因此，所以”引导结果状语从句。故填so that。 【3题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：它接下来将引入的是加强画廊的安全。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少will introduce的宾语，用连接代词what引导，句首单词，首字母大写。故填What。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这次袭击发生在同一天，当时另外两名Just Stop Oil成员因2022年10月类似的破坏行为被判入狱，造成了数千英镑的损失。本句谓语为 happened，空处是非谓语动词，用cause“造成”的现在分词形式，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填causing。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：10月9日，Pablo Picasso的一幅名为《Motherhood》的画作遭到一个名为“Youth Demand”的竞选团体的攻击，该团体的成员弄乱了画框，在墙上泼了污点，还在地板上泼了红漆。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是campaign group，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰名词members，故用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 【6题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：在这些破坏行为中，泼红漆最具破坏性——它完全毁了观赏区。此处表示“最具破坏性的”，故用形容词最高级形式the most destructive。故填the most destructive。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：其他受到攻击的艺术品包括John Constable的《The Hay Wain》和Diego Velazquez的《The Toilet of Venus》。本句谓语为include，空处是非谓语动词，逻辑主语artworks与attack“攻击”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填attacked。 【8题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：据画廊称，它收藏的艺术品是“不可替代的”。此处描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语artworks是复数形式，故be动词用are。故填are。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Just Stop Oil和Youth Demand已经提出与国家美术馆的工作人员会面，讨论这一情况。本句谓语为have offered，空处是非谓语动词，用discuss“讨论”的不定式形式，作目的状语。故填to discuss。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：我们采取这些行动是为了引起人们对我们的政府正在支持的气候变化所造成的巨大破坏和毁灭的关注。bring to attention 是固定短语，意为“引起对……的注意”。故填to。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accurate B. artificial C. captured D. corresponding E. decoding F. dreamscape G. impact H. perspective I. previously J. repeatedly K. scanned Dream catchers Do androids (人形机器人), as science fiction novelist Philip K. Dick asked, really dream of electric sheep? The purpose and meaning of dreams have long been debated. Now scientists are getting closer to ____11____ what humans see as they sleep — and how a robot can reproduce it. In 2013, a neuroscientist who specializes in the nervous system and its ____12____ on behaviour. conducted an experiment with some test subjects. He had them take hundreds of brief naps in an MRI machine, ____13____ waking them so they could describe their dreams. He had already isolated the unique brain patterns for certain objects he’d shown subjects while awake. Their brains were ____14____ for those patterns as they napped, and a computer program automatically turned the basic contents of their dreams into short videos. The study found these were 70 percent ____15____ compared with what subjects remembered of their real dreams. Two years later Google engineers also ____16____ the dreamlike images of a computer. They fed millions of images into a brain-inspired computer program — a network of ____17____ nerve cells — to study how it learned to identify objects. Then they put it through Deep Dream, a program that enables the network to build its own program-fueled ____18____ by finding shapes in an image of random visual noise, like the disturbing noisy images you see on an old TV. The computer generated a fantastical scene from its machine-learned knowledge. As in a dream, ____19____ seen images were rearranged into new patterns. It won’t be possible to produce a precise recording of human dreams until scientists discover how dreams originate in the brain, says Jack Gallant, a professor of psychology at UC Berkeley — or they build a databank of brain activity ____20____ to every thought. He compares it to building a language translation program:”You have a language but nothing it refers to. “ 【答案】11. E 12. G 13. J 14. K 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. F 19. I 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家在解码人类梦境及让机器人重现梦境方面的研究进展与探索。 【11题详解】 考查动名词。句意：现在科学家们越来越接近解码人类睡眠时所看到的东西——以及机器人如何重现它。根据下文“what humans see as they sleep”可知，这里说的是科学家在探索人类睡眠时看到的景象，也就是“解码”这些景象，用动词decode“解码”，get closer to doing sth.表示“接近做某事”，本空用动名词decoding，作宾语。故选E。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：2013年，一位专门研究神经系统及其对行为影响的神经科学家对一些受试者进行了一项实验。根据空后的“on behaviour”以及常识可知，神经系统会对行为产生影响，本空用名词impact，与空后的on搭配，表示“对……的影响”。故选G。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：他让他们在核磁共振成像仪中打数百次短暂的盹，反复叫醒他们，以便他们能描述自己的梦。根据前文“He had them take hundreds of brief naps”和后文“waking them”可知，为了获取受试者做梦的信息，需要多次叫醒他们，所以用副词repeatedly“反复地”，修饰动词waking，作状语。故选J。 【14题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：当他们打盹时，他们的大脑被扫描以寻找这些模式，一个计算机程序自动将他们梦的基本内容转换成短视频。根据前文“He had them take hundreds of brief naps in an MRI machine”提到在核磁共振成像仪中做实验，以及后文“for those patterns as they napped, and a computer program automatically turned the basic contents of their dreams into short videos”提到计算机程序处理大脑信息可知，这里是说大脑被扫描，用动词scan“扫描”，与主语Their brains为被动关系，本空用过去分词scanned，与空前的were构成一般过去时的被动语态。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究发现，与受试者对真实梦境的记忆相比，这些（转换后的视频）的准确率为70%。根据“compared with what subjects remembered of their real dreams”可知，这里是将转换后的视频和真实梦境记忆作比较，说的是准确率，用形容词accurate“准确的”，作表语。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：两年后，谷歌的工程师们也捕捉到了计算机的梦幻般的图像。根据后文“the dreamlike images of a computer”可知，描述工程师们对计算机进行一系列操作来获取图像，这里用capture“捕捉”符合语境，且本句描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故选C。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们将数百万张图像输入到一个受大脑启发的计算机程序中——一个由人工神经细胞组成的网络——以研究它如何学习识别物体。根据“a brain-inspired computer program”、“nerve cells”和常识可知，计算机程序中的神经细胞是人工的，用形容词artificial“人工的”，修饰名词nerve cells，作前置定语。故选B。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：然后他们让它通过Deep Dream程序，这个程序使网络能够通过在随机视觉噪声的图像中寻找形状，构建自己由程序驱动的梦幻场景，就像你在旧电视上看到的令人不安的嘈杂图像一样。根据后文“As in a dream”可知，这里说的是构建类似梦境的场景，用名词dreamscape“梦幻场景”，作build的宾语。故选F。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：就像在梦中一样，以前看到的图像被重新排列成新的模式。根据“seen images were rearranged into new patterns”可知，这里说的是之前看到的图像被重新排列，用副词previously“以前，先前”，修饰动词seen，作状语。故选I。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：加州大学伯克利分校的心理学教授杰克·加兰特说，除非科学家发现梦是如何在大脑中产生的，或者他们建立一个与每个想法对应的大脑活动数据库，否则不可能对人类梦境进行精确记录。根据“to every thought”可知，此处表示建立一个与每个想法对应的大脑活动数据库，corresponding to... 表示“与……对应”，所以用形容词corresponding，作定语，修饰a databank of brain activity。故选D。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, starving it of oxygen and leading to the death of muscle tissue. For decades, medical experts in the study of the heart have had to acknowledge that a damaged heart remains ____21____ damaged. Once a heart attack kills off muscle cells, they are gone for good, replaced by fibrous tissue that ____22____ the organ and frequently results in heart failure. That, ____23____, may be about to change, thanks to a team of scientists who have found a way of helping the heart to get better itself. By reawakening an inactive gene (基因) known as CCNA2, researchers at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York made adult human heart cells divide and multiply in a laboratory — something long thought ____24____, The results, published in the Nature Regenerative Medicine journal, suggest it may one day be possible to regrow heart tissue after injury, ____25____ the need for transplants or implanted devices. To understand how this works, it’s essential to examine the ____26____ of the CCNA2 gene. In the woman’s womb (子宫), CCNA2 drives the growth of the developing heart — but the gene ____27____ soon after birth. A director of heart-related regenerative medicine at Mount Sinai’s Icahn School of Medicine, has spent nearly 20 years trying to ____28____ that process. In 2014, her team became the first to regenerate a large animal’s heart by reactivating CCNA2. They used pigs, the hearts of which closely look like those of humans, but now her group has produced evidence indicating that the same ____29____ could work in adult human heart cells. After delivering a(n) ____30____ version of CCNA2 into heart muscle cells taken from donor organs aged 21, 41 and 55, they watched the gene take effect using microscopes. After the gene treatment, the most ____31____ results involved mature cells growing again in the two older hearts. These cells began to divide in two, and they maintained the structure and proteins that gave heart muscle its strength. However, when heart cells divide in a lab, they would occasionally ____32____ their shape or rhythm, which would make the cells useless or dangerous. ____33____, therefore, involves seeking approval from the U. S. Food and Drug Administration to start to test the gene treatment in heart patients. “This is the ____34____of nearly two decades of continuous research,” Chaudhry emphasized. “Now we’ve brought this breakthrough one step ____35____ to patients.” 21. A. considerably B. frequently C. gradually D. permanently 22. A. awakens B. surrounds C. weakens D. abuses 23. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. meanwhile 24. A. unachievable B. uncomfortable C. inconsistent D. inevitable 25. A. supporting B. indicating C. creating D. reducing 26. A. domain B. source C. role D. code 27. A. breaks down B. bursts out C. speeds up D. switches off 28. A. reverse B. undergo C. stimulate D. simplify 29. A. approach B. medicine C. function D. product 30. A. original B. active C. stable D. temporary 31. A. conflicting B. striking C. misleading D. distressing 32. A. clone B. waste C. lose D. select 33. A. A possible exception B. A new test C. The next step D. The future setback 34. A. basis B. assumption C. beginning D. peak 35. A. narrower B. closer C. maturer D. slower 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了纽约西奈山医院的科学家团队通过重新激活一种名为CCNA2的基因，使成年人类心脏细胞在实验室中分裂和增殖，为心脏再生治疗带来了希望，有望减少对移植或植入设备的需求。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，研究心脏的医学专家不得不承认，受损的心脏会永久受损。A. considerably相当大地；B. frequently频繁地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. permanently永久地。根据后文“Once a heart attack kills off muscle cells, they are gone for good, replaced by fibrous tissue that __2__ the organ and frequently results in heart failure.”可知，一旦心脏病发作导致肌肉细胞死亡，它们就会一去不复返，被纤维组织所取代，纤维组织会削弱心脏，并经常导致心力衰竭，所以此处指心脏受损后会永久受损。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦心脏病发作导致肌肉细胞死亡，它们就会一去不复返，被纤维组织所取代，纤维组织会削弱心脏，并经常导致心力衰竭。A. awakens唤醒；B. surrounds包围；C. weakens削弱；D. abuses滥用。根据后文“and frequently results in heart failure”可知，纤维组织会削弱心脏，导致心力衰竭。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于一组科学家的发现，这种情况可能即将改变，他们找到了一种帮助心脏自我修复的方法。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. moreover此外；D. meanwhile同时。根据前文“Once a heart attack kills off muscle cells, they are gone for good, replaced by fibrous tissue that __2__ the organ and frequently results in heart failure.”以及后文“may be about to change, thanks to a team of scientists who have found a way of helping the heart to get better itself.”可知，前后文为转折关系，所以此处用however。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：纽约西奈山医院的研究人员通过重新激活一种名为CCNA2的休眠基因，使成年人类心脏细胞在实验室中分裂和增殖——这一现象长期以来被认为是不可能实现的。A. unachievable无法实现的；B. uncomfortable不舒服的；C. inconsistent不一致的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据前文“By reawakening an inactive gene(基因)known as CCNA2, researchers at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York made adult human heart cells divide and multiply in a laboratory”可知，此处指成年人类心脏细胞在实验室中分裂和增殖这一现象长期以来被认为是不可能实现的。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项发表在《自然再生医学》杂志上的研究结果表明，有一天可能能够在受伤后重新生长心脏组织，减少对移植或植入设备的需求。A. supporting支持；B. indicating表明；C. creating创造；D. reducing减少。根据前文“it may one day be possible to regrow heart tissue after injury”可知，此处指减少对移植或植入设备的需求。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：要了解这是如何起作用的，就必须检查CCNA2基因的作用。A. domain领域；B. source来源；C. role作用；D. code代码。根据后文“In the woman’s womb (子宫), CCNA2 drives the growth of the developing heart — but the gene __7__ soon after birth.”可知，此处指检查CCNA2基因的作用。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在女性子宫中，CCNA2驱动发育中的心脏的生长，但该基因在出生后不久就关闭了。A. breaks down分解；B. bursts out爆发；C. speeds up加速；D. switches off关闭。根据后文“has spent nearly 20 years trying to __8__ that process.”可知，科学家花费近20年试图逆转这个过程，所以此处指该基因在出生后不久就关闭了。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：西奈山伊坎医学院心脏相关再生医学主任花了近20年时间试图逆转这一过程。A. reverse逆转；B. undergo经历；C. stimulate刺激；D. simplify简化。根据后文“In 2014, her team became the first to regenerate a large animal’s heart by reactivating CCNA2.”可知，此处指科学家试图逆转这一过程。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们使用猪，猪的心脏与人类的心脏非常相似，但现在她的团队已经提供了证据表明，同样的方法也可能适用于成年人类心脏细胞。A. approach方法；B. medicine药物；C. function功能；D. product产品。根据前文“In 2014, her team became the first to regenerate a large animal’s heart by reactivating CCNA2.”可知，此处指同样的方法也可能适用于成年人类心脏细胞。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在将活性版本的CCNA2基因导入从21岁、41岁和55岁捐赠者器官中提取的心肌细胞后，他们使用显微镜观察了该基因的作用。A. original原始的；B. active活跃的；C. stable稳定的；D. temporary暂时的。根据前文“By reawakening an inactive gene(基因)known as CCNA2”可知，此处指将活性版本的CCNA2基因导入心肌细胞。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：基因治疗后，最显著的结果是，在两个年龄较大的心脏中，成熟细胞再次生长。A. conflicting冲突的；B. striking显著的；C. misleading误导的；D. distressing令人痛苦的。根据后文“results involved mature cells growing again in the two older hearts.”可知，此处指最显著的结果。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当心脏细胞在实验室中分裂时，它们偶尔会失去形状或节奏，这会使细胞无用或危险。A. clone克隆；B. waste浪费；C. lose失去；D. select选择。根据后文“which would make the cells useless or dangerous”可知，此处指心脏细胞偶尔会失去形状或节奏。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：因此，下一步是寻求美国食品药品监督管理局的批准，开始在心脏病患者中测试基因治疗。A. A possible exception可能的例外；B. A new test新的测试；C. The next step下一步；D. The future setback未来的挫折。根据后文“involves seeking approval from the U. S. Food and Drug Administration to start to test the gene treatment in heart patients.”可知，此处指下一步是寻求美国食品药品监督管理局的批准。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是近20年持续研究的顶峰，”乔杜里强调说。A. basis基础；B. assumption假设；C. beginning开始；D. peak顶峰。根据前文“In 2014, her team became the first to regenerate a large animal’s heart by reactivating CCNA2.”以及后文“Now we’ve brought this breakthrough one step __15__ to patients.”可知，乔杜里的团队在2014年就首次通过重新激活CCNA2使大型动物的心脏再生，现在又取得了新的突破，所以此处指这是近20年持续研究的顶峰，强调这项研究取得的重大成果和高度成就。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我们已经将这一突破向患者推进了一步。A. narrower更窄的；B. closer更近的；C. maturer更成熟的；D. slower更慢的。根据前文“Now we’ve brought this breakthrough one step”以及后文“to patients”可知，此处指将这一突破向患者推进了一步。故选B项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A good friend of mine is always telling her kids, “There’s no quick way to the top. You have to take the stairs.” That’s good advice because becoming an expert in anything requires time and a lot of effort. It’s step by step, just like climbing stairs. A concept that highlights this is the “10,000-hour rule,” which was popularized by Malcolm Gladwell in his book Outliers. The 10,000-hour rule suggests that it takes about 10,000 hours of focused practice to master any skill. This idea comes from research by psychologist Anders Ericsson. He studied highly skilled performers in various fields. Whether you want to play the violin, excel in sports or master computer programming, the basic principle is the same. Expert skills are earned through practice, not luck. However, the 10,000-hour rule is not set in stone. The quality of practice matters as much as the quantity. The practice must be intentional, and it must involve challenging yourself to improve specific things. For example, a piano player might focus on mastering difficult passages rather than just playing familiar pieces over and over. After all, even with substantial practice time, there’s no guarantee of reaching top-level performance. Expect hours of practice to be the path to greatness, and you will be fooling yourself. In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers. In addition, top performers hadn’t started practicing their sport earlier in their childhoods. They had begun about the same time as other students who were not as successful. This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert. Becoming an expert is a great goal to work toward. But remember, you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it. You can still enjoy something without being the best in the world at it. 36. The “10,000-hour rule” holds that ________. A. talent is more important than years of training B. luck plays the decisive role in becoming highly skilled C. around 10,000 hours of training ensures top-level success D. mastery requires about 10,000 hours of focused practice 37. The phrase “set in stone” in paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A. totally unchangeable B. widely recognised C. wholly understandable D. scientifically tested 38. Macnamara’s 2016 studies show that among expert players intentional practice makes up ________ of the performance gap. A. 1% B. 18% C. 82% D. 99% 39. What does the writer mainly convey in the passage? A. The 10,000-hour rule covers sports but not music. B. Having fun in activities depends on expert skills. C. Reaching the top requires more than practice. D. Practice alone is enough to ensure greatness, 【答案】36. D 37. A 38. A 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“一万小时定律”及其局限性，指出成为专家不仅需要练习，还受其他因素影响。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The 10,000-hour rule suggests that it takes about 10,000 hours of focused practice to master any skill.(一万小时定律表明，掌握任何技能都需要大约一万小时的专注练习。)”可知，一万小时定律认为精通一项技能需要大约一万小时的专注练习。故选D。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“However, the 10,000-hour rule is not set in stone. The quality of practice matters as much as the quantity. The practice must be intentional, and it must involve challenging yourself to improve specific things.(不过，一万小时定律并非是set in stone。练习的质量和时长同等重要。练习必须是有目的性的，而且需要督促自己去提升特定的能力。)”可知，一万小时定律并不是不可改变的，练习的质量和数量一样重要，所以可以推测出set in stone意为“不可改变的”，与A项totally unchangeable“完全不可改变的”意思相符。故选A。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers.(2016年，心理学家麦克纳马拉分析了33项研究。她研究了有目的的练习和运动成绩之间的关系。有目的的练习在普通运动员和专家之间的运动成绩差异中只占18%，在顶尖运动员之间的差异中只占1%。)”可知，麦克纳马拉2016年的研究表明，在专业运动员中，有目的的练习在表现差距中占1%。故选A。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第四段中“This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert.(这表明，其他因素，如天赋、个性和生活经历，也在成为专家方面发挥作用。)”以及最后一段“Becoming an expert is a great goal to work toward. But remember, you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it. You can still enjoy something without being the best in the world at it.(成为一个专家是一个伟大的目标。但请记住，你不必擅长某件事才能享受它。即使你不是世界上最好的，你仍然可以享受某件事。)”可知，本文主要讨论了“一万小时定律”及其局限性，指出成为专家不仅需要练习，还受其他因素影响。故选C。 (B) Your brain, from early life to old age We’re born helpless and foolish. As we mature, experience and schooling teach us useful things, and we get woke. Then, year by year, we slip back into mental weakness. That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent. It, in other words, shapes the way we learn, think, judge, find and solve problems. 0-18 months A baby brain forms 1 million new nerve connections each second, helping her to develop emotions, motor skills, attachments, and working memory. At 11 months, she can already form assumptions about how the world works. At 18 months, she has a sense of self. 2-5 years When it comes to learning abstract concepts, preschoolers beat adults. At 4 years old, 66 percent of calories are headed to her brain—fuel for the exploration and creative thinking that define this period. By the time she finishes preschool, her gray matter has increased four times in size. 6-11 years The brain of a 6-year-old has reached 90 percent of its adult size. Weeding out nerve connections speeds up as the brain gets rid of unused connections. The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层) starts to develop more, resulting in longer attention durations, and an increased reliance on language and logic to learn. 12-24 years Adolescence marks a return to the nerve flexibility and plasticity that characterized her preschool years. But she’s not living in a protected context. A reliance on the amygdala—a center for emotions, urges, and instinctive behaviors—might result in trademark “risk-taking. ” 25-59 years By the time she reaches adulthood, prefrontal control is at its peak. A developed frontal part helps her plan for the future and control her urges, but there’s evidence that creativity and mental flexibility takes a big hit. Learning anything surprising? Also a lot harder. 60+years Bring on short-term-memory loss, diseases related to nerve degeneration, and declines in conceptual reasoning. Still, other cognitive abilities continue to grow. Skills involving vocabulary, math and verbal comprehension are among them. 40. The word “It” in paragraph 1 most probably refers to ________. A. humans’ ongoing brain science research B. the mix of intelligence and unintelligence C. the common understanding of intelligence D. humans’ ability to make sensible judgements 41. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Preschool children aged 2 to 5 have abstract learning abilities close to those of adults. B. A six-year-old’s brain is almost adult-sized with its prefrontal cortex fully developed. C. Adults between 25 and 59 find it much tougher to learn unexpected new knowledge. D. People over 60 experience partial memory loss and constant growth in math skills. 42. Suppose you are a 17-year-old hoping to boost creativity before university. Which of the following schedules would best match your brain’s current features according to the passage? A. Start a gap year to tour three countries along a fixed route. B. Do the same writing drill to improve writing skills each day. C. Join an AI workshop to pilot various original robot projects. D. Take a part-time tutoring job to earn extra money regularly. 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类大脑从出生到老年不同阶段的认知发展特点。 【40题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent.(这是我们大多数人对智力的看法。不幸的是，这很愚蠢。研究表明，每个认知发展阶段都提供了学习策略，以及相反策略之间的平衡。正是这种“啊哈”（表达突然的领悟时）和“呃”（在学习中表现出明显的愚蠢时）的结合，才真正使人类变得聪明。)”可知，前文提到大多数人对智力的看法是愚蠢的，接着说研究揭示了认知发展阶段的特点，而真正使人类聪明的是“啊哈”和“呃”的结合，也就是智力和看似愚蠢的这种混合，所以“It”指代的是“the mix of intelligence and unintelligence”。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据“25-59 years”部分中的“By the time she reaches adulthood, prefrontal control is at its peak. A developed frontal part helps her plan for the future and control her urges, but there’s evidence that creativity and mental flexibility takes a big hit. Learning anything surprising? Also a lot harder.(当她达到成年时，前额叶控制达到顶峰。发达的前额叶部分帮助她规划未来和控制冲动，但有证据表明，创造力和思维灵活性受到很大打击。学习任何令人惊讶的东西？也难得多了。)”可知，25 - 59岁的成年人发现学习意想不到的新知识要困难得多。故选C项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据“12-24 years”部分中的“Adolescence marks a return to the nerve flexibility and plasticity that characterized her preschool years. But she’s not living in a protected context. A reliance on the amygdala—a center for emotions, urges, and instinctive behaviors—might result in trademark “risk - taking.(青春期标志着神经灵活性和可塑性的回归，这是她学龄前时期的特点。但她并不是生活在一个受保护的环境中。依赖杏仁核——一个情感、冲动和本能行为的中心——可能会导致标志性的“冒险行为”。)”可知，17岁属于青春期，大脑具有神经灵活性和可塑性，适合进行一些有创造性和探索性的活动。A选项“开始一个间隔年，沿着固定路线游览三个国家”，固定路线缺乏探索性；B选项“每天做同样的写作练习来提高写作技能”，比较单一重复；D选项“定期做兼职家教工作来赚外快”，与提升创造力无关；C选项“参加人工智能研讨会，试点各种原创机器人项目”，具有创造性和探索性，符合大脑当前特征。故选C项。 (C) Britain is at its greatest risk of de-industrialisation in modern times. This is because businesses are expected to face new tax increases, and the government fails to provide cheaper energy for manufacturers. That was the warning from Make UK, a business group for manufacturers — from giants such as BAE Systems to thousands of professional engineering firms. In a statement released before the November 26 budget, it said British industry is at a crossroads. “Britain’s manufacturers are urging the government to use the coming budget to focus only on measures to boost growth. They warn that if business taxes go up further, and if the government still fails to cut energy costs for industry, the UK could end up on a path to major de-industrialisation, “ the organisation said. It is not the first warning on this theme from Make UK since last year. Earlier, it has spoken of the consequences if ministers did not make good on their promise to deliver a modern industrial strategy. “Businesses are facing two big problems: weak demand both in the UK and other countries, and overall rising costs, ”Stephen Phipson said. He used to be an industrialist and a civil servant, and now he is the head of Make UK. He added, “If we want to get the economy growing again, it will be businesses that make this happen—and this budget must make growth its main focus, ” He also said that high energy costs presented British industry with “an existential threat”, adding: “Government needs to stop sitting on its hands on the energy support plan [announced in the summer for the largest industrial energy users]and continually kicking the can down the road hoping the problem will resolve itself. “ The manufacturers’ worries have shown up in the latest survey of Make UK’s 20, 000 member companies. More than two-thirds of them are preparing for tax increases, saying that costs have already increased by more than expected in the past six months. Over half said they had been forced to pass those on to their customers through higher prices. The increase in employers ‘national insurance contributions, and the fear of the government’s employment rights bill, are also having an impact on the industrial workforce: more than half of companies said they have reduced pay increases; nearly a third have instituted pay freezes; and half have frozen employment 43. It can be learned from paragraphs 1~3 that ________. A. the November 26 budget will put industrial growth at the core B. Britain faces serious de-industralisation risks from tax and energy plans C. Make UK mainly represents large manufacturing giants like BAE Systems D. the UK government has started to fulfil its promise about industrial strategy 44. The phrase ”kicking the can down the road" in paragraph 5 implies that the government ________. A. keeps postponing decisive action on the announced energy support plan B. refuses to extend the energy support plan to the small and medium firms C. dismisses the current energy-support strategy as a temporary adjustment D. warns of the threat loudly yet delays assigning funds for the very purpose 45. It can be inferred from the passage that British manufacturers ________. A. will stop investing in new projects unless the budget meets their demands B. have received substantial financial support from the energy department C. have adjusted their business strategies to address ongoing pressures D. consider de-industrialisation an unavoidable outcome for the UK 46. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Britain’s New Budget to Solve Industrial Energy and Tax Problems B. The Government’s Industrial Strategy: A Trial for UK Manufacturers C. Make UK’s Survey Reveals Manufacturers’ More Financial Pressures D. UK Manufacturers Warn of De-Industrial Risks, Urge Growth Policies 【答案】43. B 44. A 45. C 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了英国制造商组织Make UK发出警告，称英国正面临现代以来最大的去工业化风险，原因是企业将面临新的税收增加，且政府未能为制造商提供更便宜的能源，同时呼吁政府在即将到来的预算中采取措施促进增长。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Britain is at its greatest risk of de-industrialisation in modern times. This is because businesses are expected to face new tax increases, and the government fails to provide cheaper energy for manufacturers.(英国正面临现代以来最大的去工业化风险。这是因为企业预计将面临新的税收增加，而政府未能为制造商提供更便宜的能源。)”以及第二段中的“They warn that if business taxes go up further, and if the government still fails to cut energy costs for industry, the UK could end up on a path to major de-industrialisation,(他们警告说，如果商业税收进一步增加，如果政府仍然未能降低工业能源成本，英国最终可能会走上大规模去工业化的道路)”可知，英国面临着来自税收和能源计划的严重去工业化风险。故选B项。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“Government needs to stop sitting on its hands on the energy support plan [announced in the summer for the largest industrial energy users]and continually kicking the can down the road hoping the problem will resolve itself.(政府需要停止对（今年夏天宣布的针对最大工业能源用户的）能源支持计划袖手旁观，并不断kicking the can down the road，希望问题能自行解决。)”可知，政府不能只是袖手旁观，希望问题自行解决，也就是不能一直拖延对能源支持计划采取决定性行动，所以“kicking the can down the road”意思是“不断推迟对已宣布的能源支持计划采取决定性行动”。故选A项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The manufacturers’ worries have shown up in the latest survey of Make UK’s 20, 000 member companies. More than two - thirds of them are preparing for tax increases, saying that costs have already increased by more than expected in the past six months. Over half said they had been forced to pass those on to their customers through higher prices.(制造商的担忧在Make UK对其20,000家会员公司的最新调查中显现出来。超过三分之二的公司正在为增税做准备，称过去六个月成本已经比预期增加得更多。超过一半的公司表示，他们被迫通过提高价格将这些成本转嫁给客户。)”以及最后一段“The increase in employers ‘national insurance contributions, and the fear of the government’s employment rights bill, are also having an impact on the industrial workforce: more than half of companies said they have reduced pay increases; nearly a third have instituted pay freezes; and half have frozen employment.(雇主国民保险缴款的增加，以及对政府就业权利法案的担忧，也对工业劳动力产生了影响：超过一半的公司表示他们已经减少了加薪；近三分之一的公司实行了工资冻结；一半的公司冻结了招聘。)”可推知，英国制造商已经调整了他们的商业策略以应对持续的压力。故选C项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Britain is at its greatest risk of de-industrialisation in modern times. This is because businesses are expected to face new tax increases, and the government fails to provide cheaper energy for manufacturers.(英国正面临现代以来最大的去工业化风险。这是因为企业预计将面临新的税收增加，而政府未能为制造商提供更便宜的能源。)”以及第二段中的“They warn that if business taxes go up further, and if the government still fails to cut energy costs for industry, the UK could end up on a path to major de-industrialisation,(他们警告说，如果商业税收进一步增加，如果政府仍然未能降低工业能源成本，英国最终可能会走上大规模去工业化的道路。)”可知，文章主要讲述了英国制造商组织Make UK发出警告，称英国正面临去工业化风险，并呼吁政府采取促进增长的政策，所以D选项“UK Manufacturers Warn of De-Industrial Risks, Urge Growth Policies（英国制造商警告去工业化风险，敦促采取增长政策）”最符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Life in space Many people consider it exciting to travel to space, often imagining the fancy images of stars and planets from science-fiction movies or expensive commercial spaceflights. Yet the reality of life beyond Earth is far harsher than the cinematic fantasies suggest. ____47____ Astronauts and scientists on the International Space Station (ISS) can’t jump into a shower or take a relaxing bath. Instead, they have to rely on washing with a cloth and using special shampoos to stay clean. Even using the bathroom becomes a difficult process, involving bags, tubes and toilets designed to prohibit waste from floating around. Eating is another adventure. Without gravity to hold food in place, food and liquids float in all directions, which can damage equipment. To address this problem, astronauts eat most of their meals from sealed containers and drink liquids from special bags. While these solutions are clever, the menu is often limited. ____48____ Living off-world wears down astronauts’ bodies in other ways as well. In microgravity, body fluids (体液) shift upward, disturbing normal blood movement around the body and even damaging eyesight. ____49____ Without the pull of gravity to resist their movements, astronauts’ muscles and bones start to weaken over time. So, NASA recommends that astronauts exercise for around two hours each day using machines that are designed for training in microgravity. ____50____ Cancer research, for example, has received a major boost from ISS studies. In these weightless conditions, scientists have been able to grow and study blood vessel (血管) cells. This research enables them to test new drugs that could block a cancer growth’s ability to develop its own blood supply. A. Even with all these hardships, space allows discoveries impossible on Earth. B. This repetitive diet often results in loss of appetite, posing health risks over time. C. To keep food from drifting away, astronauts often stick bread to the table with special tape. D. Additionally, staying physically fit in space requires much more effort than it does on Earth. E. Clearly, living off-world in a microgravity environment requires careful planning and training. F. With muscles becoming weaker, astronauts are advised to lift heavier weights than they do on Earth. 【答案】47. E 48. B 49. D 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太空生活的真实情况，包括清洁、饮食、身体影响及科学发现等方面的挑战与机遇。 【47题详解】 由下文“Astronauts and scientists on the International Space Station (ISS) can’t jump into a shower or take a relaxing bath. Instead, they have to rely on washing with a cloth and using special shampoos to stay clean. Even using the bathroom becomes a difficult process, involving bags, tubes and toilets designed to prohibit waste from floating around.(国际空间站上的宇航员和科学家不能跳进淋浴间或洗个舒服的澡。相反，他们必须依靠用布清洗和使用特殊的洗发水来保持清洁。即使是上厕所也变成了一个困难的过程，包括使用袋子、管子和专门设计的厕所，以防止废物漂浮)”可知，本段主要讲述太空生活缺乏个人卫生设施，需要特殊规划和训练。E选项“Clearly, living off-world in a microgravity environment requires careful planning and training.(显然，在微重力环境下生活在地球之外需要仔细的规划和训练)”能够概括本段内容，符合语境。故选E。 【48题详解】 由上文“While these solutions are clever, the menu is often limited.(虽然这些解决方案很巧妙，但菜单往往很有限)”可知，本空应承接上文，说明有限的菜单会带来的问题。B选项“This repetitive diet often results in loss of appetite, posing health risks over time.(这种重复的饮食往往会导致食欲不振，随着时间的推移会对健康构成风险)”能够承接上文，说明有限菜单的负面影响，符合语境。故选B。 【49题详解】 由上文“Living off-world wears down astronauts’ bodies in other ways as well. In microgravity, body fluids(体液) shift upward, disturbing normal blood movement around the body and even damaging eyesight.(生活在地球之外也会以其他方式磨损宇航员的身体。在微重力环境下，体液会向上移动，干扰正常的血液在身体周围的流动，甚至损害视力)”以及下文“Without the pull of gravity to resist their movements, astronauts’ muscles and bones start to weaken over time. So, NASA recommends that astronauts exercise for around two hours each day using machines that are designed for training in microgravity.(没有重力的拉力来抵抗他们的运动，宇航员的肌肉和骨骼会随着时间的推移而开始变弱。因此，美国宇航局建议宇航员每天使用专为微重力训练设计的机器锻炼大约两个小时)”可知，本空应强调在太空保持身体健康需要付出更多努力。D选项“Additionally, staying physically fit in space requires much more effort than it does on Earth.(此外，在太空中保持身体健康比在地球上需要更多的努力)”能够承接上文，并引出下文关于宇航员锻炼的建议，符合语境。故选D。 【50题详解】 由下文“Cancer research, for example, has received a major boost from ISS studies. In these weightless conditions, scientists have been able to grow and study blood vessel (血管) cells. This research enables them to test new drugs that could block a cancer growth’s ability to develop its own blood supply.(例如，癌症研究得到了国际空间站研究的重大推动。在这些失重条件下，科学家们已经能够培养和研究血管细胞。这项研究使他们能够测试新药物，这些药物可以阻止癌症生长发展自身血液供应的能力)”可知，本空应强调相对于地球太空环境对科学研究的独特价值。A选项“Even with all these hardships, space allows discoveries impossible on Earth.(尽管有这些困难，太空仍然允许进行在地球上不可能的发现)”能够概括本段内容，符合语境。故选A。 II. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Is artificial intelligence giving us false memories? You may have seen videos spreading online of some celebrities doing strange things — for example, making funny faces. You may also have seen videos of them joining in lively dances at a celebration. The thing is, one of these things really happened and the other is created by artificial intelligence (AI). You might remember both, but can you remember which is which? In psychology, a ‘source monitoring framework’ describes the processes involved in identifying where our memories came from. The framework records the source of a memory as one piece of information. It gets embedded into the memory alongside other aspects of what we experienced. The ‘label’ that states where the memory came from can easily fade though, even while other aspects of the memory persist. Thus, AI-generated videos risk mixing up with real events in our minds — a problem that could worsen as AI video improves. This separation between a memory’s content and its source happens all the time. How often do you recognise an actor’s face on-screen, but can’t recall what other films or TV shows you’ve seen them in? These same memory failures help explain how easy it is to form ‘false memories’, as shown by the research of Prof Elizabeth Loftus. She observed that when certain ideas are suggested to us, we make them up in our own minds, but later on forget where the ideas initially came from. They can then be easily mistaken for events that actually happened to us. Based on Loftus’s findings, it seems likely that AI will be able to plant many false memories in our minds, especially if we consume the artificial content in a similar setting to where we consume real news. As such, we need to discuss how to label AI-generated content to make it easier to remember it’s not real. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Artificial intelligence is blurring the line between real and fake memories, especially in videos. According to psychology’s “source monitoring framework,” memory sources fade over time, making AI-generated content easily confused with real experiences. Professor Loftus’s research shows that people often forget the origin of ideas, leading to false memories. Therefore, clear labeling of AI content is necessary to help distinguish reality from fabrication. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了人工智能可能使我们产生虚假记忆的问题。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①AI-generated videos may mix with real events in our minds, causing confusion. ②According to the “source monitoring framework” in psychology, memory sources fade over time, making it hard to distinguish AI-generated content from real experiences. ③Professor Loftus’s research shows people often forget idea origins, leading to false memories. ④Clear labeling of AI content is necessary to help distinguish reality from fabrication. 2.缜密构思 将要点①②整合，阐述AI使真假记忆混淆的原理；要点③作为研究支持；要点④提出应对措施。 3.遣词造句 AI blurs real and fake memories, especially in videos, as memory sources fade over time, according to psychology. 【点睛】【高分句型1】According to psychology’s “source monitoring framework,” memory sources fade over time, making AI-generated content easily confused with real experiences.运用了现在分词making作状语，对原文第二段进行了概括。 【高分句型2】Professor Loftus’s research shows that people often forget the origin of ideas, leading to false memories.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句，和现在分词leading作状语，表达非常高级。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 我们都要谨记，身心健康重于一切。(bear) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We should all bear in mind that physical and mental health outweighs everything else. 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词、固定短语及宾语从句。表示“我们”用we，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“应该”用情态动词should；表示“谨记”用固定短语bear in mind，情态动词should后接动词原形。表示“身心健康重于一切”用宾语从句，表示“身心健康”用physical and mental health，作主语；表示“重于一切”用outweigh everything else，本句描述客观事实是，时态用一般现在时，主语为physical and mental health，谓语用第三人称单数形式outweighs；从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故翻译为We should all bear in mind that physical and mental health outweighs everything else. 53. 谁能抑制住想要抱一抱这只圆滚滚、惹人喜爱的小奶猫的欲望呢? (desire) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Who can resist the desire to hug this chubby and adorable little kitten? 【解析】 【详解】考查疑问句和非谓语动词。“谁”用特殊疑问词who；“能”用情态动词can；“抑制……的欲望”翻译为resist the desire，后接不定式作后置定语；“抱一抱这只圆滚滚、惹人喜爱的小奶猫”翻译为hug this chubby and adorable little kitten。故答案为Who can resist the desire to hug this chubby and adorable little kitten? 54. 这位教授为培养我国自己的音乐人才呕心沥血四十余年，实在令人心生敬意。(It) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is truly admirable that the professor has devoted over forty years of painstaking effort to cultivating our country’s own musical talents. 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句、时态及固定短语。表示“……实在令人心生敬意”用It is truly admirable that...，其中It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语；表示“这位教授”用the professor，在主语从句中作主语；表示“为培养……呕心沥血”用devote...to doing sth.结构，其中devote表示“奉献，投入”，结合时间状语“四十余年”可知，时态用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，可能还要继续下去，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has，故谓语用has devoted；表示“四十余年”用over forty years；表示“付出努力”用painstaking effort；表示“培养”用cultivate，用动名词，作介词to的宾语。表示“我国自己的音乐人才”用our country’s own musical talents。故翻译为It is truly admirable that the professor has devoted over forty years of painstaking effort to cultivating our country’s own musical talents. 55. 初冬的午后，我漫步在这所知名学府的校园，踏着铺满落叶的草坪，享受着书香带来的内心安宁。(wander) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】On an early winter afternoon, I wandered around the campus of this prestigious university, stepping on the lawn covered with fallen leaves, enjoying the inner peace brought by the scholarly atmosphere. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语，时态和非谓语动词。“初冬的午后”翻译为on an early winter afternoon，作时间状语；主语“我”为I，“漫步在”是wander around，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，wander用过去式wandered ，“这所知名学府的校园”翻译为the campus of this prestigious university，作about的宾语，即I wandered around the campus of this prestigious university；“踏着”是step on，与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，用现在分词作状语，“草坪”是the lawn，“铺满落叶的”用过去分词短语covered with fallen leaves表被动，作后置定语，修饰名词lawn，即stepping on the lawn covered with fallen leaves；“享受着”是enjoy，与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，用现在分词作状语，“内心安宁”是the inner peace，“书香带来的”用过去分词短语brought by the scholarly atmosphere作后置定语，修饰the inner peace，即enjoying the inner peace brought by the scholarly atmosphere。故答案为On an early winter afternoon, I wandered around the campus of this prestigious university, stepping on the lawn covered with fallen leaves, enjoying the inner peace brought by the scholarly atmosphere. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李华，你校学生会的“高中印记”短视频评选活动正在征集作品，要求每位同学提交一个记录自己高中校园生活中“最有意义片段”的短视频，并为其撰写英文介绍。请你完成这篇介绍，内容必须包括： (1)具体描述短视频中的片段； (2)简要说明你认为这一片段“最有意义”的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The video captures a memorable moment from our school’s annual sports meet. In the clip, our class, which wasn’t known for being athletic, is taking part in the relay race. When it was my turn to receive the baton and run, I stumbled badly and almost fell over. However, I quickly regained my balance and sprinted forward as fast as I could. What really stands out in this scene is that my classmates, who were watching eagerly, didn’t blame me for the near-fall. Instead, they cheered even louder, shouting words of encouragement like “Come on, you can do it!” The reason I find this moment the most meaningful is that it truly demonstrates what team spirit is all about. What we learn from this experience is that teamwork isn’t just about winning races or achieving first place; it’s about supporting each other through thick and thin, no matter what happens. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为记录高中校园生活中“最有意义片段”的短视频撰写英文介绍，内容需包含片段具体描述及该片段“最有意义”的理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：take part in→participate in 恢复：regain → recover 责备：blame → accuse 有意义的：meaningful→significative 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Instead, they cheered even louder, shouting words of encouragement like “Come on, you can do it!” 拓展句：Instead, they cheered even louder, who shouted words of encouragement like “Come on, you can do it!” 【点睛】【高分句型1】In the clip, our class, which wasn’t known for being athletic, is taking part in the relay race.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】What really stands out in this scene is that my classmates, who were watching eagerly, didn’t blame me for the near-fall.（运用了What引导的主语从句、that引导的主语从句、who引导的定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025学年第一学期高三英语教学质量调研试卷 (考试时间105分钟;满分115分) I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. National Gallery bans liquids Visitors to London’s National Gallery have been banned from bringing any liquids into the building after several protests targeted artworks. The new rule came into force on 18 October. It means that visitors ____1____ (not allow) to bring liquids into the gallery, except for baby milk and medicines. The National Gallery has been targeted by protesters five times since July 2022. During the incidents, demonstrators threw liquids over famous paintings. Some of these attacks damaged the artworks or display cases ____2____ the National Gallery has now been forced to take protective action. ____3____ it will introduce next is tightened security in the gallery. On 27 September, three protesters from an environmental campaign group called Just Stop Oil threw tomato soup at two paintings by Vincent van Gogh. This attack happened on the same day that two other Just Stop Oil members were sent to prison for a similar harmful act in October 2022, ____4____ (cause) thousands of pounds’ worth of damage. On 9 October, a painting entitled Motherhood, by Pablo Picasso, was targeted by a campaign group called Youth Demand, ____5____ members messed up the frame, spotted the wall and also poured red paint over the floor. Of those damaging acts, pouring red paint was ____6____ (destructive) — it completely ruined the viewing area. Youth Demand called on the UK Government to stop selling weapons to other countries. Other artworks ____7____ (attack) include The Hay Wain by John Constable and The Toilet of Venus by Diego Velazquez. According to the gallery, the artworks it holds ____8____ (be) “irreplaceable”. However, such attacks have already caused immeasurable damage to them. Just Stop Oil and Youth Demand have offered to meet up with staff from the National Gallery ____9____ (discuss) the situation. A statement from Just Stop Oil said, “These actions cause small amounts of damage and disturbance. We take these actions to bring ____10____ attention the enormous damage and destruction (climate change) that our Government is supporting.” Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accurate B. artificial C. captured D. corresponding E. decoding F. dreamscape G. impact H. perspective I. previously J. repeatedly K. scanned Dream catchers Do androids (人形机器人), as science fiction novelist Philip K. Dick asked, really dream of electric sheep? The purpose and meaning of dreams have long been debated. Now scientists are getting closer to ____11____ what humans see as they sleep — and how a robot can reproduce it. In 2013, a neuroscientist who specializes in the nervous system and its ____12____ on behaviour. conducted an experiment with some test subjects. He had them take hundreds of brief naps in an MRI machine, ____13____ waking them so they could describe their dreams. He had already isolated the unique brain patterns for certain objects he’d shown subjects while awake. Their brains were ____14____ for those patterns as they napped, and a computer program automatically turned the basic contents of their dreams into short videos. The study found these were 70 percent ____15____ compared with what subjects remembered of their real dreams. Two years later Google engineers also ____16____ the dreamlike images of a computer. They fed millions of images into a brain-inspired computer program — a network of ____17____ nerve cells — to study how it learned to identify objects. Then they put it through Deep Dream, a program that enables the network to build its own program-fueled ____18____ by finding shapes in an image of random visual noise, like the disturbing noisy images you see on an old TV. The computer generated a fantastical scene from its machine-learned knowledge. As in a dream, ____19____ seen images were rearranged into new patterns. It won’t be possible to produce a precise recording of human dreams until scientists discover how dreams originate in the brain, says Jack Gallant, a professor of psychology at UC Berkeley — or they build a databank of brain activity ____20____ to every thought. He compares it to building a language translation program:”You have a language but nothing it refers to. “ II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, starving it of oxygen and leading to the death of muscle tissue. For decades, medical experts in the study of the heart have had to acknowledge that a damaged heart remains ____21____ damaged. Once a heart attack kills off muscle cells, they are gone for good, replaced by fibrous tissue that ____22____ the organ and frequently results in heart failure. That, ____23____, may be about to change, thanks to a team of scientists who have found a way of helping the heart to get better itself. By reawakening an inactive gene (基因) known as CCNA2, researchers at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York made adult human heart cells divide and multiply in a laboratory — something long thought ____24____, The results, published in the Nature Regenerative Medicine journal, suggest it may one day be possible to regrow heart tissue after injury, ____25____ the need for transplants or implanted devices. To understand how this works, it’s essential to examine the ____26____ of the CCNA2 gene. In the woman’s womb (子宫), CCNA2 drives the growth of the developing heart — but the gene ____27____ soon after birth. A director of heart-related regenerative medicine at Mount Sinai’s Icahn School of Medicine, has spent nearly 20 years trying to ____28____ that process. In 2014, her team became the first to regenerate a large animal’s heart by reactivating CCNA2. They used pigs, the hearts of which closely look like those of humans, but now her group has produced evidence indicating that the same ____29____ could work in adult human heart cells. After delivering a(n) ____30____ version of CCNA2 into heart muscle cells taken from donor organs aged 21, 41 and 55, they watched the gene take effect using microscopes. After the gene treatment, the most ____31____ results involved mature cells growing again in the two older hearts. These cells began to divide in two, and they maintained the structure and proteins that gave heart muscle its strength. However, when heart cells divide in a lab, they would occasionally ____32____ their shape or rhythm, which would make the cells useless or dangerous. ____33____, therefore, involves seeking approval from the U. S. Food and Drug Administration to start to test the gene treatment in heart patients. “This is the ____34____of nearly two decades of continuous research,” Chaudhry emphasized. “Now we’ve brought this breakthrough one step ____35____ to patients.” 21. A. considerably B. frequently C. gradually D. permanently 22. A. awakens B. surrounds C. weakens D. abuses 23. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. meanwhile 24. A. unachievable B. uncomfortable C. inconsistent D. inevitable 25. A. supporting B. indicating C. creating D. reducing 26. A. domain B. source C. role D. code 27. A. breaks down B. bursts out C. speeds up D. switches off 28. A. reverse B. undergo C. stimulate D. simplify 29. A. approach B. medicine C. function D. product 30. A. original B. active C. stable D. temporary 31. A. conflicting B. striking C. misleading D. distressing 32. A. clone B. waste C. lose D. select 33. A. A possible exception B. A new test C. The next step D. The future setback 34. A. basis B. assumption C. beginning D. peak 35. A. narrower B. closer C. maturer D. slower Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A good friend of mine is always telling her kids, “There’s no quick way to the top. You have to take the stairs.” That’s good advice because becoming an expert in anything requires time and a lot of effort. It’s step by step, just like climbing stairs. A concept that highlights this is the “10,000-hour rule,” which was popularized by Malcolm Gladwell in his book Outliers. The 10,000-hour rule suggests that it takes about 10,000 hours of focused practice to master any skill. This idea comes from research by psychologist Anders Ericsson. He studied highly skilled performers in various fields. Whether you want to play the violin, excel in sports or master computer programming, the basic principle is the same. Expert skills are earned through practice, not luck. However, the 10,000-hour rule is not set in stone. The quality of practice matters as much as the quantity. The practice must be intentional, and it must involve challenging yourself to improve specific things. For example, a piano player might focus on mastering difficult passages rather than just playing familiar pieces over and over. After all, even with substantial practice time, there’s no guarantee of reaching top-level performance. Expect hours of practice to be the path to greatness, and you will be fooling yourself. In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers. In addition, top performers hadn’t started practicing their sport earlier in their childhoods. They had begun about the same time as other students who were not as successful. This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert. Becoming an expert is a great goal to work toward. But remember, you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it. You can still enjoy something without being the best in the world at it. 36. The “10,000-hour rule” holds that ________. A. talent is more important than years of training B. luck plays the decisive role in becoming highly skilled C. around 10,000 hours of training ensures top-level success D. mastery requires about 10,000 hours of focused practice 37. The phrase “set in stone” in paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A. totally unchangeable B. widely recognised C. wholly understandable D. scientifically tested 38. Macnamara’s 2016 studies show that among expert players intentional practice makes up ________ of the performance gap. A. 1% B. 18% C. 82% D. 99% 39. What does the writer mainly convey in the passage? A. The 10,000-hour rule covers sports but not music. B. Having fun in activities depends on expert skills. C. Reaching the top requires more than practice. D. Practice alone is enough to ensure greatness, (B) Your brain, from early life to old age We’re born helpless and foolish. As we mature, experience and schooling teach us useful things, and we get woke. Then, year by year, we slip back into mental weakness. That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent. It, in other words, shapes the way we learn, think, judge, find and solve problems. 0-18 months A baby brain forms 1 million new nerve connections each second, helping her to develop emotions, motor skills, attachments, and working memory. At 11 months, she can already form assumptions about how the world works. At 18 months, she has a sense of self. 2-5 years When it comes to learning abstract concepts, preschoolers beat adults. At 4 years old, 66 percent of calories are headed to her brain—fuel for the exploration and creative thinking that define this period. By the time she finishes preschool, her gray matter has increased four times in size. 6-11 years The brain of a 6-year-old has reached 90 percent of its adult size. Weeding out nerve connections speeds up as the brain gets rid of unused connections. The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层) starts to develop more, resulting in longer attention durations, and an increased reliance on language and logic to learn. 12-24 years Adolescence marks a return to the nerve flexibility and plasticity that characterized her preschool years. But she’s not living in a protected context. A reliance on the amygdala—a center for emotions, urges, and instinctive behaviors—might result in trademark “risk-taking. ” 25-59 years By the time she reaches adulthood, prefrontal control is at its peak. A developed frontal part helps her plan for the future and control her urges, but there’s evidence that creativity and mental flexibility takes a big hit. Learning anything surprising? Also a lot harder. 60+years Bring on short-term-memory loss, diseases related to nerve degeneration, and declines in conceptual reasoning. Still, other cognitive abilities continue to grow. Skills involving vocabulary, math and verbal comprehension are among them. 40. The word “It” in paragraph 1 most probably refers to ________. A. humans’ ongoing brain science research B. the mix of intelligence and unintelligence C. the common understanding of intelligence D. humans’ ability to make sensible judgements 41. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Preschool children aged 2 to 5 have abstract learning abilities close to those of adults. B. A six-year-old’s brain is almost adult-sized with its prefrontal cortex fully developed. C. Adults between 25 and 59 find it much tougher to learn unexpected new knowledge. D. People over 60 experience partial memory loss and constant growth in math skills. 42. Suppose you are a 17-year-old hoping to boost creativity before university. Which of the following schedules would best match your brain’s current features according to the passage? A. Start a gap year to tour three countries along a fixed route. B. Do the same writing drill to improve writing skills each day. C. Join an AI workshop to pilot various original robot projects. D. Take a part-time tutoring job to earn extra money regularly. (C) Britain is at its greatest risk of de-industrialisation in modern times. This is because businesses are expected to face new tax increases, and the government fails to provide cheaper energy for manufacturers. That was the warning from Make UK, a business group for manufacturers — from giants such as BAE Systems to thousands of professional engineering firms. In a statement released before the November 26 budget, it said British industry is at a crossroads. “Britain’s manufacturers are urging the government to use the coming budget to focus only on measures to boost growth. They warn that if business taxes go up further, and if the government still fails to cut energy costs for industry, the UK could end up on a path to major de-industrialisation, “ the organisation said. It is not the first warning on this theme from Make UK since last year. Earlier, it has spoken of the consequences if ministers did not make good on their promise to deliver a modern industrial strategy. “Businesses are facing two big problems: weak demand both in the UK and other countries, and overall rising costs, ”Stephen Phipson said. He used to be an industrialist and a civil servant, and now he is the head of Make UK. He added, “If we want to get the economy growing again, it will be businesses that make this happen—and this budget must make growth its main focus, ” He also said that high energy costs presented British industry with “an existential threat”, adding: “Government needs to stop sitting on its hands on the energy support plan [announced in the summer for the largest industrial energy users]and continually kicking the can down the road hoping the problem will resolve itself. “ The manufacturers’ worries have shown up in the latest survey of Make UK’s 20, 000 member companies. More than two-thirds of them are preparing for tax increases, saying that costs have already increased by more than expected in the past six months. Over half said they had been forced to pass those on to their customers through higher prices. The increase in employers ‘national insurance contributions, and the fear of the government’s employment rights bill, are also having an impact on the industrial workforce: more than half of companies said they have reduced pay increases; nearly a third have instituted pay freezes; and half have frozen employment 43. It can be learned from paragraphs 1~3 that ________. A. the November 26 budget will put industrial growth at the core B. Britain faces serious de-industralisation risks from tax and energy plans C. Make UK mainly represents large manufacturing giants like BAE Systems D. the UK government has started to fulfil its promise about industrial strategy 44. The phrase ”kicking the can down the road" in paragraph 5 implies that the government ________. A. keeps postponing decisive action on the announced energy support plan B. refuses to extend the energy support plan to the small and medium firms C. dismisses the current energy-support strategy as a temporary adjustment D. warns of the threat loudly yet delays assigning funds for the very purpose 45. It can be inferred from the passage that British manufacturers ________. A. will stop investing in new projects unless the budget meets their demands B. have received substantial financial support from the energy department C. have adjusted their business strategies to address ongoing pressures D. consider de-industrialisation an unavoidable outcome for the UK 46. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Britain’s New Budget to Solve Industrial Energy and Tax Problems B. The Government’s Industrial Strategy: A Trial for UK Manufacturers C. Make UK’s Survey Reveals Manufacturers’ More Financial Pressures D. UK Manufacturers Warn of De-Industrial Risks, Urge Growth Policies Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Life in space Many people consider it exciting to travel to space, often imagining the fancy images of stars and planets from science-fiction movies or expensive commercial spaceflights. Yet the reality of life beyond Earth is far harsher than the cinematic fantasies suggest. ____47____ Astronauts and scientists on the International Space Station (ISS) can’t jump into a shower or take a relaxing bath. Instead, they have to rely on washing with a cloth and using special shampoos to stay clean. Even using the bathroom becomes a difficult process, involving bags, tubes and toilets designed to prohibit waste from floating around. Eating is another adventure. Without gravity to hold food in place, food and liquids float in all directions, which can damage equipment. To address this problem, astronauts eat most of their meals from sealed containers and drink liquids from special bags. While these solutions are clever, the menu is often limited. ____48____ Living off-world wears down astronauts’ bodies in other ways as well. In microgravity, body fluids (体液) shift upward, disturbing normal blood movement around the body and even damaging eyesight. ____49____ Without the pull of gravity to resist their movements, astronauts’ muscles and bones start to weaken over time. So, NASA recommends that astronauts exercise for around two hours each day using machines that are designed for training in microgravity. ____50____ Cancer research, for example, has received a major boost from ISS studies. In these weightless conditions, scientists have been able to grow and study blood vessel (血管) cells. This research enables them to test new drugs that could block a cancer growth’s ability to develop its own blood supply. A. Even with all these hardships, space allows discoveries impossible on Earth. B. This repetitive diet often results in loss of appetite, posing health risks over time. C. To keep food from drifting away, astronauts often stick bread to the table with special tape. D. Additionally, staying physically fit in space requires much more effort than it does on Earth. E. Clearly, living off-world in a microgravity environment requires careful planning and training. F. With muscles becoming weaker, astronauts are advised to lift heavier weights than they do on Earth. II. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Is artificial intelligence giving us false memories? You may have seen videos spreading online of some celebrities doing strange things — for example, making funny faces. You may also have seen videos of them joining in lively dances at a celebration. The thing is, one of these things really happened and the other is created by artificial intelligence (AI). You might remember both, but can you remember which is which? In psychology, a ‘source monitoring framework’ describes the processes involved in identifying where our memories came from. The framework records the source of a memory as one piece of information. It gets embedded into the memory alongside other aspects of what we experienced. The ‘label’ that states where the memory came from can easily fade though, even while other aspects of the memory persist. Thus, AI-generated videos risk mixing up with real events in our minds — a problem that could worsen as AI video improves. This separation between a memory’s content and its source happens all the time. How often do you recognise an actor’s face on-screen, but can’t recall what other films or TV shows you’ve seen them in? These same memory failures help explain how easy it is to form ‘false memories’, as shown by the research of Prof Elizabeth Loftus. She observed that when certain ideas are suggested to us, we make them up in our own minds, but later on forget where the ideas initially came from. They can then be easily mistaken for events that actually happened to us. Based on Loftus’s findings, it seems likely that AI will be able to plant many false memories in our minds, especially if we consume the artificial content in a similar setting to where we consume real news. As such, we need to discuss how to label AI-generated content to make it easier to remember it’s not real. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 我们都要谨记，身心健康重于一切。(bear) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 53. 谁能抑制住想要抱一抱这只圆滚滚、惹人喜爱的小奶猫的欲望呢? (desire) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________________ 54. 这位教授为培养我国自己的音乐人才呕心沥血四十余年，实在令人心生敬意。(It) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 55. 初冬的午后，我漫步在这所知名学府的校园，踏着铺满落叶的草坪，享受着书香带来的内心安宁。(wander) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李华，你校学生会的“高中印记”短视频评选活动正在征集作品，要求每位同学提交一个记录自己高中校园生活中“最有意义片段”的短视频，并为其撰写英文介绍。请你完成这篇介绍，内容必须包括： (1)具体描述短视频中的片段； (2)简要说明你认为这一片段“最有意义”的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $