Unit 1 Period 2 Grammar and usage（分层作业）英语译林版选择性必修第三册

Unit 1 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 思维进阶 04 一、将下列短语翻译为英文 1. 社区的命脉__________________ 2. 服务行业__________________ 3. 持续增长__________________ 4. 依次；轮流；反过来__________________ 5. 繁荣的产业__________________ 6. 称心如意的境遇__________________ 7. 观光胜地__________________ 8. 和谐相处__________________ 9. 野生动物栖息地__________________ 10. 土地的自然特性 __________________ 11. 处于危险中__________________ 12. 使……受到伤害__________________ 13. 失去对……的尊重__________________ 14. 旨在__________________ 二、根据汉语提示写出单词 1. The club is eager to protect and ____________ (提高) that reputation. 2. We interviewed a number of candidates but none of them ____________ (给……留下深刻印象) us. 3. The area is remarkable for its ____________(风景)，which attracts many visitors from all over the world. 4. He had nothing to do but ____________(煮沸) the water and make the tea. 5. There’s still an ____________ (气氛) of great hostility and tension in the city. 6. There are two ____________ (版本) of the game，a long one and a short one. 7. The ____________ (年纪较大的) are a strong force in the election. 8. As to my life，by the time I was 30，we had three ____________ (可爱的) children. 9. He is a ____________ (温和的) and intellectual man，who is reasonable almost to the point of blandness. 10. Black coffee leaves a ____________ (味苦的) taste in the mouth. 三、用适当的关系词填空 1. I won't forget the three years ________ I lived on the farm with farmers, ________ has a great effect on my life. 2. Opposite is St. Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music. 3. There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin, among ________ I like the Ancient Cultural Street best. 4. The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 5. Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 6. The parents are making changes to their previous education methods, of ________ negative effect they begin to be aware. 7. I can never forget the day ________ we worked together and the day ________ we spent together. 8. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better. 9. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members. 10. After a 57­day hiking, the explorers finally reached a place, ________ they believed was the South Pole. 四、句型转换 1. It is known to us that the earth moves around the sun. →______________________， the earth moves around the sun. 2. He has two daughters, and both of them are college students. →He has two daughters, ____________ are college students. 3. They thanked Tom, because they could not have succeeded without his support. →They thanked Tom, ____________ support they could not have succeeded. 4. Mr. Smith is a famous scientist and I have learned a lot from him. →Mr. Smith, ____________ I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist. 5. I lost my wallet that day, so I had to walk home. →I lost my wallet that day, ____________ I had to walk home. 6. They live in a house, whose windows face south. →They live in a house, ____________________ face south.　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 五、语法填空 There are moments in life 1 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 2 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 3 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 4 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 5 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 6 (happy) people don't 7 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 8 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 9 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 10 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 六、阅读理解 （25-26高一上·云南昆明·期中）During the National Day Golden Week in China, while most popular tourist spots remain overcrowded with long lines, a new trend called “reverse travel” is becoming popular among Chinese tourists, especially young people. More travelers are giving up visiting well-known attractions like the Forbidden City. Instead, they choose less-known places such as small towns with ancient streets to enjoy real holiday fun in peace. Several key factors lead to this popular trend. Young people’s consumption concepts (消费观念) have changed. Those born in the 1990s and 2000s (Generation Z) value high-quality travel experiences and cost-effectiveness (性价比) more than simply taking photos at Internet-famous sites to impress friends. They prefer to avoid crowds, experience local cultures deeply and relax in quiet spots to escape daily stress. The pursuit (追求) of personality also drives reverse travel’s popularity. Influenced by the mobile Internet, Generation Z travelers hate following fixed travel plans. They enjoy visiting unique places that match their personal interests, such as ancient villages or special natural spots to create unique memories. Moreover, popular spots have poor experiences, like high hotel prices and ticket queues, while less-known ones offer low prices and a comfortable environment for in-depth trips. Better transport, including high-grade highways and high-speed rail, helps reach remote areas easily. Also, recommendations on social media about these “hidden gems” places encourage this trend. In short, “reverse travel” is not just a travel change, but shows people’s desire for a more relaxed life. This National Day, why not leave crowded spots and discover the beauty of less-known places? 1．According to the paragraph 1, what is “reverse travel”? A．Traveling to foreign countries during holidays. B．Following fixed travel plans to visit historical sites. C．Taking photos at Internet-famous sites to impress friends. D．Choosing less-known places instead of famous attractions. 2．What can we infer from the passage about Generation Z travelers? A．They enjoy visiting crowded popular spots. B．They are not interested in local culture and food. C．They value personal experiences and uniqueness. D．They find traveling to popular places comfortable. 3．Which of the following is NOT one of the disadvantages of popular spots? A．Long lines. B．High expenses. C．Remote locations. D．Crowded transportation. 4．What is the main purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To complain about the high cost of traveling. B．To advise readers never to visit popular spots. C．To introduce a new travel trend among young people. D．To describe the development of China’s transportation. 七、七选五 （25-26高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·月考）Chinese people may not be that familiar with sports tourism, but it is one of the fastest growing parts of tourism, because an increasing number of people are expressing their curiosity in sports events during their trips even if sports are not the key reason for their travel. 1 These popular outdoor activities perfectly meet people’s new demand for “combining travel with activities”. Sports tourism refers to tourism involving participation in or watching sports events and staying in an environment different from the usual tourist hotels or resorts. 2 At that time, people traveled to Olympia to watch or participate in Olympic races. Modern sports tourism, on the other hand, surfaced in the 1990s. 3 There is also a lack of research to study its true potential. However, given that Chinese authorities attach great importance to people’s health, sports tourism, in many ways, has gained strong official backing, which drives it to grow quickly. A typical case is rural (乡村的) tourism, one kind of sports tourism, which consists of fishing, hiking, horse riding and other outdoor activities. This form of tourism has been attracting many tourists. 4 Sports tourism is a booming industry today, with an annual growth rate of about 15 percent globally. 5 The rapid growth of sports tourism will help meet people’s leisure needs and boost the high-quality development in China. A．It plays a vital role in rural construction. B．People are paying more attention to safety in travel. C．But sports tourism is still an emerging area in China. D．However, this area has long drawn people’s attention in China. E．The origin of sports tourism can be traced back to Ancient Greece. F．In China, however, the growth rate is 30-40 percent despite a slow start. G．Actually, marathons, cycling and camping stand out as core activities in sports tourism. 八、完形填空 （25-26高一上·江苏镇江·阶段练习）Chemical waste, mass production and consumerism (消费主义) are all byproducts of an industrialized global economy. The fashion industry is no 1 . Technology has helped the industry meet growing demand by making production more 2   At the same time, vast overproduction — driven by fast fashion’s demands for new styles — has led to a host of additional 3 : increased chemical waste during production, along with thousands of tons of waste from worn, discarded or donated clothes. While clothing retail giant H&M has a global garment (衣服) 4 project — receiving used clothes and offering discounts in 5 for donations — there are signs that even clothing recycling efforts cannot 6 garment production. And while many companies use biodegradable (可生物降解的) materials, the costs of recycling such a large amount may tip the balance back toward using cheaper, synthetic fabric alternative (合成纤维替代品) that are 7 for the environment. At the same time, fashion designers are using technology to create new, environmentally friendly clothing. 8 generally only used on the catwalk, these designs offer a look at the 9 — and a critique (批判) of an industry that will soon be forced to address some of the problems created by mass production. Annual global fashion industry income is an astonishing US$1.2 trillion, with the U. S. clothing market the largest in the world. Many companies now stick to the unsustainable (不可持续的)  “fast fashion” model, 10 consumers can expect to find new clothes on the racks (衣架) nearly every week 11 once a season. But while technology has allowed companies to produce more garments more quickly and at less cost, fast fashion is now the second most 12 industry in the world, behind the oil industry. A single garment creates a 13 carbon footprint, the result of production that includes farming, harvesting, producing, processing and shipping. Pesticides (农药) in cotton farming, toxic dyes in producing and landfill waste of used clothing 14 the environmental costs of a garment. Some materials, like cotton, are 15 , while other synthetic materials, like nylon, and polyester, are not biodegradable. Even washing these clothes can send thousands of tiny fibers and chemicals into the ocean. 1. A．complex B．optional C．different D．active 2. A．effective B．attractive C．passive D．productive 3. A．problems B．processes C．aspects D．costs 4. A．outline B．collection C．response D．blueprint 5. A．return B．struggle C．demand D．exchange 6. A．stand for B．consist of C．keep up with D．make up for 7. A．harmful B．helpful C．useful D．stressful 8. A．When B．While C．As D．Since 9. A．pattern B．custom C．future D．option 10. A．and B．but C．when D．where 11. A．in view of B．instead of C．ahead of D．short of 12. A．economic B．impressive C．hopeful D．wasteful 13. A．gentle B．large C．minor D．remote 14. A．appeal to B．focus on C．add to D．refer to 15. A．recyclable B．comfortable C．traditional D．fashionable 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 思维进阶 04 一、将下列短语翻译为英文 1. 社区的命脉__________________ 2. 服务行业__________________ 3. 持续增长__________________ 4. 依次；轮流；反过来__________________ 5. 繁荣的产业__________________ 6. 称心如意的境遇__________________ 7. 观光胜地__________________ 8. 和谐相处__________________ 9. 野生动物栖息地__________________ 10. 土地的自然特性 __________________ 11. 处于危险中__________________ 12. 使……受到伤害__________________ 13. 失去对……的尊重__________________ 14. 旨在__________________ 【答案】 1. the lifeblood of the communities 2. service industries 3. grow consistently 4. in turn 5. booming business 6. a bed of roses 7. tourist attractions 8. live in harmony (with) 9. wildlife habitats 10. physical characteristics of the land 11. at risk 12. put ... in harm’s way 13. the loss of respect for ... 14. aim to do 二、根据汉语提示写出单词 1. The club is eager to protect and ____________ (提高) that reputation. 2. We interviewed a number of candidates but none of them ____________ (给……留下深刻印象) us. 3. The area is remarkable for its ____________(风景)，which attracts many visitors from all over the world. 4. He had nothing to do but ____________(煮沸) the water and make the tea. 5. There’s still an ____________ (气氛) of great hostility and tension in the city. 6. There are two ____________ (版本) of the game，a long one and a short one. 7. The ____________ (年纪较大的) are a strong force in the election. 8. As to my life，by the time I was 30，we had three ____________ (可爱的) children. 9. He is a ____________ (温和的) and intellectual man，who is reasonable almost to the point of blandness. 10. Black coffee leaves a ____________ (味苦的) taste in the mouth. 【答案】 1. enhance　2. impressed　3. scenery　4. boil　5. atmosphere　 6. versions　7. elderly　8. adorable　9. mild　10. bitter 三、用适当的关系词填空 1. I won't forget the three years ________ I lived on the farm with farmers, ________ has a great effect on my life. 2. Opposite is St. Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music. 3. There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin, among ________ I like the Ancient Cultural Street best. 4. The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 5. Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 6. The parents are making changes to their previous education methods, of ________ negative effect they begin to be aware. 7. I can never forget the day ________ we worked together and the day ________ we spent together. 8. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better. 9. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members. 10. After a 57­day hiking, the explorers finally reached a place, ________ they believed was the South Pole. 【答案】 1. when; which　 2. where　 3. which　 4. as　 5. who 6. whose　 7. when; which/that　 8. when　 9. whom 10. which 四、句型转换 1. It is known to us that the earth moves around the sun. →______________________， the earth moves around the sun. 2. He has two daughters, and both of them are college students. →He has two daughters, ____________ are college students. 3. They thanked Tom, because they could not have succeeded without his support. →They thanked Tom, ____________ support they could not have succeeded. 4. Mr. Smith is a famous scientist and I have learned a lot from him. →Mr. Smith, ____________ I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist. 5. I lost my wallet that day, so I had to walk home. →I lost my wallet that day, ____________ I had to walk home. 6. They live in a house, whose windows face south. →They live in a house, ____________________ face south.　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 【答案】 1. As is known to us　2. both of whom　3. without whose　4. from whom　5. for which　 6. the windows of which/of which the windows 五、语法填空 There are moments in life 1 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 2 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 3 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 4 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 5 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 6 (happy) people don't 7 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 8 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 9 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 10 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 【答案】　 1． when 2．Another 3．has been opened 4．who 5．to dream 6．happiest 7．necessarily 8．comes 9．forgotten 10．around 六、阅读理解 （25-26高一上·云南昆明·期中）During the National Day Golden Week in China, while most popular tourist spots remain overcrowded with long lines, a new trend called “reverse travel” is becoming popular among Chinese tourists, especially young people. More travelers are giving up visiting well-known attractions like the Forbidden City. Instead, they choose less-known places such as small towns with ancient streets to enjoy real holiday fun in peace. Several key factors lead to this popular trend. Young people’s consumption concepts (消费观念) have changed. Those born in the 1990s and 2000s (Generation Z) value high-quality travel experiences and cost-effectiveness (性价比) more than simply taking photos at Internet-famous sites to impress friends. They prefer to avoid crowds, experience local cultures deeply and relax in quiet spots to escape daily stress. The pursuit (追求) of personality also drives reverse travel’s popularity. Influenced by the mobile Internet, Generation Z travelers hate following fixed travel plans. They enjoy visiting unique places that match their personal interests, such as ancient villages or special natural spots to create unique memories. Moreover, popular spots have poor experiences, like high hotel prices and ticket queues, while less-known ones offer low prices and a comfortable environment for in-depth trips. Better transport, including high-grade highways and high-speed rail, helps reach remote areas easily. Also, recommendations on social media about these “hidden gems” places encourage this trend. In short, “reverse travel” is not just a travel change, but shows people’s desire for a more relaxed life. This National Day, why not leave crowded spots and discover the beauty of less-known places? 1．According to the paragraph 1, what is “reverse travel”? A．Traveling to foreign countries during holidays. B．Following fixed travel plans to visit historical sites. C．Taking photos at Internet-famous sites to impress friends. D．Choosing less-known places instead of famous attractions. 2．What can we infer from the passage about Generation Z travelers? A．They enjoy visiting crowded popular spots. B．They are not interested in local culture and food. C．They value personal experiences and uniqueness. D．They find traveling to popular places comfortable. 3．Which of the following is NOT one of the disadvantages of popular spots? A．Long lines. B．High expenses. C．Remote locations. D．Crowded transportation. 4．What is the main purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To complain about the high cost of traveling. B．To advise readers never to visit popular spots. C．To introduce a new travel trend among young people. D．To describe the development of China’s transportation. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国国庆黄金周期间出现的一种新的旅游趋势——“逆向旅游”，即年轻人选择去不太知名的地方旅游，而不是去热门景点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“More travelers are giving up visiting well-known attractions like the Forbidden City. Instead, they choose less-known places such as small towns with ancient streets to enjoy real holiday fun in peace. (越来越多的游客放弃参观故宫等知名景点。相反，他们选择一些不太知名的地方，比如有古街的小镇，在宁静中享受真正的假期乐趣)”可知，“逆向旅游”是指选择不太知名的地方而不是著名的景点去旅游。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Influenced by the mobile Internet, Generation Z travelers hate following fixed travel plans. They enjoy visiting unique places that match their personal interests, such as ancient villages or special natural spots to create unique memories. (受移动互联网的影响，Z世代游客不喜欢遵循固定的旅行计划。他们喜欢游览符合个人兴趣的独特地方，如古村落或特殊的自然景点，以创造独特的回忆)”可知，Z世代游客喜欢游览符合个人兴趣的独特地方，即重视个人经历和独特性。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段中“During the National Day Golden Week in China, while most popular tourist spots remain overcrowded with long lines (在中国国庆黄金周期间，大多数热门旅游景点仍然人满为患，排着长队)”和第四段中“Moreover, popular spots have poor experiences, like high hotel prices and ticket queues (此外，热门景点的体验不佳，比如酒店价格高、排队买票)”可知，热门景点的缺点包括排长队、费用高，同时根据人多可以推断出交通拥挤，而偏远的位置不是热门景点的缺点。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“During the National Day Golden Week in China, while most popular tourist spots remain overcrowded with long lines, a new trend called “reverse travel” is becoming popular among Chinese tourists, especially young people. (在中国国庆黄金周期间，当大多数热门旅游景点仍然人满为患、排着长队时，一种名为“逆向旅游”的新趋势正在中国游客中流行起来，尤其是年轻人)”可知，文章主要介绍了中国国庆黄金周期间出现的一种新的旅游趋势——“逆向旅游”，即年轻人选择去不太知名的地方旅游，而不是去热门景点。所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介绍年轻人中的一种新的旅游趋势。故选C项。 七、七选五 （25-26高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·月考）Chinese people may not be that familiar with sports tourism, but it is one of the fastest growing parts of tourism, because an increasing number of people are expressing their curiosity in sports events during their trips even if sports are not the key reason for their travel. 1 These popular outdoor activities perfectly meet people’s new demand for “combining travel with activities”. Sports tourism refers to tourism involving participation in or watching sports events and staying in an environment different from the usual tourist hotels or resorts. 2 At that time, people traveled to Olympia to watch or participate in Olympic races. Modern sports tourism, on the other hand, surfaced in the 1990s. 3 There is also a lack of research to study its true potential. However, given that Chinese authorities attach great importance to people’s health, sports tourism, in many ways, has gained strong official backing, which drives it to grow quickly. A typical case is rural (乡村的) tourism, one kind of sports tourism, which consists of fishing, hiking, horse riding and other outdoor activities. This form of tourism has been attracting many tourists. 4 Sports tourism is a booming industry today, with an annual growth rate of about 15 percent globally. 5 The rapid growth of sports tourism will help meet people’s leisure needs and boost the high-quality development in China. A．It plays a vital role in rural construction. B．People are paying more attention to safety in travel. C．But sports tourism is still an emerging area in China. D．However, this area has long drawn people’s attention in China. E．The origin of sports tourism can be traced back to Ancient Greece. F．In China, however, the growth rate is 30-40 percent despite a slow start. G．Actually, marathons, cycling and camping stand out as core activities in sports tourism. 【答案】1. G 2. E 3. C 4. A 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了体育旅游这一新兴旅游形式，包括其定义、起源、在中国的发展现状以及全球的发展趋势。 1. 上文提到“Chinese people may not be that familiar with sports tourism, but it is one of the fastest growing parts of tourism, because an increasing number of people are expressing their curiosity in sports events during their trips even if sports are not the key reason for their travel. (中国人可能不太熟悉体育旅游，但它是旅游业中增长最快的部分之一，因为越来越多的人在旅行中表达了他们对体育赛事的好奇心，即使体育不是他们旅行的主要原因。)”，下文提到“These popular outdoor activities perfectly meet people’s new demand for ‘combining travel with activities’. (这些流行的户外活动完美地满足了人们“旅行与活动结合”的新需求。)” 所以G项“实际上，马拉松、骑行和露营是体育旅游的核心活动。”中的这些活动正是上文提到的受欢迎的户外活动，且能满足人们的新需求，起到承上启下的作用，故选G。 2. 下文提到“At that time, people traveled to Olympia to watch or participate in Olympic races. (在那个时候，人们前往奥林匹亚观看或参加奥运会比赛。)”由此可推断，上文应该是在介绍体育旅游的起源。E项“体育旅游的起源可以追溯到古希腊。”指出体育旅游的起源可以追溯到古希腊，与下文内容相符，故选E。 3. 下文提到“There is also a lack of research to study its true potential. However, given that Chinese authorities attach great importance to people’s health, sports tourism, in many ways, has gained strong official backing, which drives it to grow quickly. (也缺乏对其真正潜力的研究。然而，鉴于中国政府非常重视人民的健康，体育旅游在许多方面都得到了官方的大力支持，这推动了它的快速发展。)”说明体育旅游在中国缺乏研究，但得到了官方的大力支持，发展迅速。由此可推断，上文应该是在介绍体育旅游在中国的发展现状。C项“但是体育旅游在中国仍然是一个新兴领域。”与下文内容紧密连接，故选C。 4. 上文提到“A typical case is rural tourism, one kind of sports tourism, which consists of fishing, hiking, horse riding and other outdoor activities. This form of tourism has been attracting many tourists. (典型的例子是乡村旅游，这是一种体育旅游，包括钓鱼、远足、骑马和其他户外活动。这种形式的旅游一直吸引着许多游客。)”，而 A项“它在农村建设中起着至关重要的作用。”指出乡村旅游在乡村建设中发挥着重要作用，是对上文内容的进一步阐述，并且选项中“it”指代上文的“rural tourism”，故选A。 5. 上文提到“Sports tourism is a booming industry today, with an annual growth rate of about 15 percent globally. (体育旅游是一个蓬勃发展的行业，全球年增长率约为15%。)”， F项“In China, however, the growth rate is 30-40 percent despite a slow start. (在中国，尽管起步较慢，但增长率却高达30-40%，)”与上文内容形成对比，进一步说明了体育旅游在中国的发展速度之快，符合题意，故选F。 八、完形填空 （25-26高一上·江苏镇江·阶段练习）Chemical waste, mass production and consumerism (消费主义) are all byproducts of an industrialized global economy. The fashion industry is no 1 . Technology has helped the industry meet growing demand by making production more 2   At the same time, vast overproduction — driven by fast fashion’s demands for new styles — has led to a host of additional 3 : increased chemical waste during production, along with thousands of tons of waste from worn, discarded or donated clothes. While clothing retail giant H&M has a global garment (衣服) 4 project — receiving used clothes and offering discounts in 5 for donations — there are signs that even clothing recycling efforts cannot 6 garment production. And while many companies use biodegradable (可生物降解的) materials, the costs of recycling such a large amount may tip the balance back toward using cheaper, synthetic fabric alternative (合成纤维替代品) that are 7 for the environment. At the same time, fashion designers are using technology to create new, environmentally friendly clothing. 8 generally only used on the catwalk, these designs offer a look at the 9 — and a critique (批判) of an industry that will soon be forced to address some of the problems created by mass production. Annual global fashion industry income is an astonishing US$1.2 trillion, with the U. S. clothing market the largest in the world. Many companies now stick to the unsustainable (不可持续的)  “fast fashion” model, 10 consumers can expect to find new clothes on the racks (衣架) nearly every week 11 once a season. But while technology has allowed companies to produce more garments more quickly and at less cost, fast fashion is now the second most 12 industry in the world, behind the oil industry. A single garment creates a 13 carbon footprint, the result of production that includes farming, harvesting, producing, processing and shipping. Pesticides (农药) in cotton farming, toxic dyes in producing and landfill waste of used clothing 14 the environmental costs of a garment. Some materials, like cotton, are 15 , while other synthetic materials, like nylon, and polyester, are not biodegradable. Even washing these clothes can send thousands of tiny fibers and chemicals into the ocean. 1. A．complex B．optional C．different D．active 2. A．effective B．attractive C．passive D．productive 3. A．problems B．processes C．aspects D．costs 4. A．outline B．collection C．response D．blueprint 5. A．return B．struggle C．demand D．exchange 6. A．stand for B．consist of C．keep up with D．make up for 7. A．harmful B．helpful C．useful D．stressful 8. A．When B．While C．As D．Since 9. A．pattern B．custom C．future D．option 10. A．and B．but C．when D．where 11. A．in view of B．instead of C．ahead of D．short of 12. A．economic B．impressive C．hopeful D．wasteful 13. A．gentle B．large C．minor D．remote 14. A．appeal to B．focus on C．add to D．refer to 15. A．recyclable B．comfortable C．traditional D．fashionable 【答案】 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了工业化全球经济下时尚产业带来的环境问题及应对尝试。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：时尚产业也不例外。A. complex复杂的；B. optional可选择的；C. different不同的；D. active活跃的。根据上文“Chemical waste, mass production and consumerism are all byproducts of an industrialized global economy.”可知，化学废物、大规模生产和消费主义都是工业化全球经济的副产品，时尚行业也有这些问题，也不例外，no different表示“没有不同，不例外”，符合语境。故选C。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：技术通过提高生产效率，帮助该行业满足日益增长的需求。A. effective有效的；B. attractive有吸引力的；C. passive被动的；D. productive多产的，高效的。根据上文“Technology has helped the industry meet growing demand”可知，技术应是让生产更“高效”，才能应对需求增长，productive符合“提升生产能力”的语境。故选D。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，在快时尚对新款式需求的驱动下，大规模的过度生产导致了一系列额外的问题：生产过程中化学废物的增加，以及成千上万吨来自磨损、丢弃或捐赠的衣服的废物。A. problems问题；B. processes过程；C. aspects方面；D. costs成本。根据下文“increased chemical waste during production, along with thousands of tons of waste from worn, discarded or donated clothes”可知，“生产过程中化学废物的增加，以及成千上万吨来自磨损、丢弃或捐赠的衣服的废物”这些都是过度生产带来的“问题”。故选A。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然服装零售巨头H&M有一个全球服装回收项目——接收旧衣服并提供折扣以换取捐赠——但有迹象表明，即使是服装回收工作也无法跟上服装生产的步伐。A. outline轮廓；B. collection收集，回收；C. response响应；D. blueprint蓝图。根据下文“receiving used clothes”可知，该项目接收旧衣服，所以此处指全球服装回收项目。故选B。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. return返回；B. struggle斗争；C. demand需求；D. exchange交换。根据上文“receiving used clothes and offering discounts”可知，该项目用折扣交换捐赠的旧衣服。in exchange for意为“作为……的交换”，为固定短语。故选D。 6. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. stand for代表；B. consist of由……组成；C. keep up with跟上；D. make up for弥补。根据上文“there are signs that even clothing recycling efforts cannot”以及下文“garment production”可知，生产速度远超回收速度，即服装回收工作无法跟上服装生产的步伐。故选C。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然许多公司使用可生物降解的材料，但回收如此大量材料的成本可能会使平衡转向使用更便宜、对环境有害的合成纤维替代品。A. harmful有害的；B. helpful有帮助的；C. useful有用的；D. stressful有压力的。根据上文“using cheaper, synthetic fabric alternative”以及下文“for the environment”可知，合成纤维虽便宜，但对环境“有害”，与“可生物降解材料”形成对比。故选A。 8. 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然这些设计通常只在T台上使用，但它们让人们看到了未来 —— 也是对这个行业的批判，这个行业将被迫解决大规模生产所带来的一些问题。A. When当……时候；B. While虽然；C. As因为；D. Since自从。根据下文“generally only used on the catwalk”和“these designs offer a look at the”可知，这两部分为转折让步关系，用While引导让步状语从句。故选B。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. pattern模式；B. custom习俗；C. future未来；D. option选择。根据下文“an industry that will soon be forced to address some of the problems created by mass production”可知，这些设计代表行业未来的发展方向。故选C。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：许多公司现在坚持不可持续的“快时尚”模式，在这种模式下，消费者几乎每周都能在衣架上看到新衣服，而不是一季一次。A. and并且；B. but但是；C. when当……时候；D. where在哪里。根据上文“Many companies now stick to the unsustainable (不可持续的)   “fast fashion” model”和下文“consumers can expect to find new clothes on the racks (衣架) nearly every week 11　　 once a season.”可知，本处定语从句，先行词是 model，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故选D。 11. 考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. in view of鉴于；B. instead of而不是；C. ahead of在……之前；D. short of缺乏。根据上文“nearly every week”以及下文“once a season”可知，快时尚是“用每周上新替代一季上新”，instead of符合“对比替代”的语境。故选B。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，虽然技术使公司能够更快、更便宜地生产更多的服装，但快时尚现在是世界上第二大浪费的行业，仅次于石油行业。A. economic经济的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. wasteful浪费的。根据下文“behind the oil industry. A single garment creates a 13　　 carbon footprint, the result of production that includes farming, harvesting, producing, processing and shipping.”可知，一件衣服会产生很大的碳足迹，这是生产包括耕种、收获、生产、加工和运输的结果。快时尚现在是世界上第二大浪费的行业。故选D。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一件衣服会产生很大的碳足迹，这是生产包括耕种、收获、生产、加工和运输的结果。A. gentle温和的；B. large大的；C. minor次要的；D. remote遥远的。根据下文“carbon footprint, the result of production that includes farming, harvesting, producing, processing and shipping.”可知，多环节生产过程导致“巨大”碳足迹。故选B。 14. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：棉花种植中的农药、生产中的有毒染料和旧衣服填埋产生的废物都增加了衣服的环境成本。A. appeal to呼吁；B. focus on关注；C. add to增加；D. refer to参考。根据上文“Pesticides (农药) in cotton farming, toxic dyes in producing and landfill waste of used clothing”以及下文“the environmental costs of a garment”可知，“农药、生产中的有毒染料、垃圾填埋”这些因素会让环境成本“增加”。故选C。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些材料，如棉花，是可回收的，而其他合成材料，如尼龙和聚酯纤维，是不可生物降解的。A. recyclable可回收的；B. comfortable舒适的；C. traditional传统的；D. fashionable时尚的。根据上文“Some materials, like cotton, are”和下文“while other synthetic materials, like nylon, and polyester, are not biodegradable”可知，此处为材料特性的对比，棉花应是“可回收的”，与“不可生物降解”形成对比。故选A。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $