2025-2026学年高二上学期期末复习之英语核心词词性转换&语法填空练习(译林版选择性必修第一册-第二册 ）

考前特训·期末 期末复习--词性转换&语法填空（译林版） 高二上(选择性必修一&二) 易错特训 班级 姓名 学号 分数 （时间：60分钟；每小题1分，满分：130分） 内 容 提 要 一、 单句语法填空 Exercise 1 – 80 二、 语篇语法填空 Passage 1 -5 一、单句语法填空题:在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．To tell the truth, I was extremely (inspire) by the elegant way the words sounded. 【答案】inspired 【详解】考查语态。句意：说实话，这些词优雅的发音让我深受启发。根据句意并根据句子成分可知，主语I和inspire之间构成动宾关系，空处应使用过去分词构成被动语态be done，故填inspired。 2．Upon (graduate) she was offered the position of treasurer of the school. 【答案】graduation/graduating 【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：她一毕业就得到了学校财务主管的职位。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前面是介词Upon，所以空格处可以用名词或者动名词，作宾语。故填graduation/graduating。 3．Since decades ago, the government (advocate) Eco-tourism routes to promote environmentally-friendly practice. 【答案】has been advocating 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几十年来，政府一直在倡导生态旅游路线，以促进环保实践。根据时间状语Since decades ago可知，应用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，主语为the government，助动词用has。故填has been advocating。 4．All of us were waiting for Jenny (anxiety) when she came into the room with a big smile on her face. 【答案】anxiously 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们大家都在焦急地等着珍妮，这时她走进房间，脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。修饰动词wait应用副词anxiously，故填anxiously。 5．It is worth (introduce) new technology from abroad. 【答案】introducing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从国外引进新技术是值得的。It be worth doing sth.意为“做某事值得”，it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语。故填introducing。 6．The survey found a wide (vary) in the prices charged for canteen food. 【答案】variation 【详解】考查名词。句意：这项调查发现不同的餐厅出售食物的价格存在很大的差别。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词variation，作宾语。故填variation。 7．He stood on the sidewalk with his hands (bury) in the pockets. 【答案】buried 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他站在人行道上，双手插在口袋里。句中使用的是with复合结构，bury与其逻辑主语hands间是动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作宾语补足语，故填buried。 8．He is the top student in his department and he has won scholarships many times. (sum) up, he is an excellent student. 【答案】To sum 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他是系里的尖子生，多次获得奖学金。总而言之，他是个优秀的学生。to sum up是一个固定短语，意思是“总（而言）之”。它是一个独立成分，一般放在句首，用逗号和句子其他成分隔开。故填To sum。 9．The (cream) white flowers are attractive in the spring. 【答案】creamy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在春天，乳白色的花很迷人。creamy white是固定用法，意为“乳白色的”，故填creamy。 10．My father is considering (buy)a computer, which is of great help in our work and study. 【答案】buying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我父亲正在考虑买一台电脑，这对我们的工作和学习有很大帮助。consider doing sth“考虑做某事”使用动名词作宾语，故填buying。 11．The novel is (setting) in London in the 1960s. 【答案】set 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这部小说以20世纪60年代的伦敦为背景。be set in是固定短语，意为“以……为背景”，因此空格处是set，故填set。 12．Zhang Weili had her moment of when she won the championship, but it just means her past. (glory) 【答案】 glory glorious 【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：张伟丽在赢得冠军时曾有过辉煌的时刻，但这只意味着她辉煌的过去。分析句子可知，第一空需填入名词作of的宾语，glory表示“光荣；辉煌”时为不可数名词；第二空需填入形容词作past的定语。故填①glory；②glorious。 【点睛】 13．Narrowly selfinterested behaviour is (ultimate) selfdefeating. 【答案】ultimately 【详解】考查副词。句意：狭隘的自利行为最终会弄巧成拙。修饰形容词selfdefeating应用副词ultimately，作状语。故填ultimately。 14．The firemen have saved the boy from the fire (successful). 【答案】successfully 【详解】考查副词。句意：消防员们成功地从大火中救出了这个男孩。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填副词作状语，修饰动词，successful的副词形式为successfully。故填successfully。 15．When Michael Jordan’s feet left the ground, time seemed (stand) still. 【答案】to stand 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：当迈克尔·乔丹的脚离开地面时，时间似乎静止了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配seem to do sth.意为“好像做某事”。故填to stand。 16．The single mother was aware that her were not enough to support the big family, so she thought of more from her pay. (save) 【答案】 savings saving 【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：这位单身母亲意识到她的积蓄不足以支撑这个大家庭，所以她想从工资中多存一些。分析句子结构可知，第一个空在that引导的从句中作主语，名词saving意为“储蓄金；存款”用复数形式，且根据谓语were可知，第一空应填复数形式savings；“___ more from her pay”作动词短语thought of 的宾语，因此，第二空应填save的动名词saving，固定短语think of doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”。故填①savings；②saving。 17．The （adapt）of the play became popular. 【答案】adaptation 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个剧本的改编很受欢迎。由空前the可知，此处为名词的填入，adaptation“改编”，用作不可数名词。故填adaptation。 18．An （advertise）uses words and pictures to persuade people to buy a product or service，or to believe in an idea. 【答案】advertisement 【详解】考查名词。句意：广告使用文字和图片来说服人们购买产品或服务，或相信某种想法。分析句式结构可知，此处应该用提示词的名词形式作主语，因为空格前前有an所以应该用单数名词。故填advertisement。 19． (write) an essay is a difficult process for most people. 【答案】Writing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：对大部分人而言，写论文是一个艰难的过程。分析句子结构可知，此处使用动名词作主语，故填Writing。 20． (disable) can make extra demands on financial resources because the disabled need extra care. 【答案】Disability 【详解】考查名词。句意：残疾可能会增加额外的经济需求，因为残疾人需要特别护理。此处应用名词disability作主语，此处为抽象名词，表示“残疾状态”，为不可数名词，句首单词首字母大写，故填Disability。 21．When it comes to (make) friends, I prefer those who will share my happiness and sadness. 【答案】making 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：说到交朋友，我更喜欢那些能和我同甘共苦的人。根据句型when it comes to doing sth.，表示“说到……”，动名词作宾语。故填making。 22．It was the second time that I (read) the novel, and each time, I discovered new layers of meaning in the author’s words. 【答案】had read 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是我第二次读这本小说，每读一次，我都能在作者的文字中发现新的含义。此处为句型It was the second time that+过去完成时。故填had read。 23．It’s impossible (crowd)any more football supporters in. 【答案】to crowd 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不可能再让球迷挤进来了。分析句子结构可知It为形式主语，空处为不定式作真正的主语，所以空处应填to crowd。故填to crowd。 24．Still, continuing (challenge) yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 【答案】to challenge/challenging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管如此，继续在精神上挑战自己，让你的大脑保持忙碌才会有所帮助。continue to do/doing sth继续做某事。故填to challenge/challenging。 25．She got an appointment with the (appoint) director. 【答案】appointed 【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：她与被任命的主任约好了见面。appoint意为“任命”，appointed为过去分词形式，在这里作定语修饰director，表示“被任命的”。故填appointed。 26．The cause of the terrible accident was that the driver (consume) a large quantity of drink. 【答案】consumed/had consumed 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：造成这起可怕事故的原因是司机喝了大量的酒。分析句子成分，空处应填动词作表语从句中的谓语动词，时态可以和主句谓语动词was并列，用一般过去时态，或强调先后，用过去完成时态。故填consumed或had consumed。 27．The (politics) leader turned out to be a person of integrity and dignity, which was contrary to the rumor. 【答案】political 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位政治领袖原来是一个正直而有尊严的人，这与谣言相反。由空后leader为名词可知，此处为形容词political“政治的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填political。 28．You will surely （impress）with those beautiful paper-cutting art works. 【答案】be impressed 【详解】考查短语。句意：你一定会对这些美丽的剪纸艺术作品印象深刻。be impressed with对……印象深刻； 对……留下印象。will后接动词原形。根据句意，故填be impressed。 29．Smog can be dangerous because it causes severe breathing problems and (infect). 【答案】infections 【详解】考查名词。句意：雾霾很危险，因为它会导致严重的呼吸问题和感染。根据并列连词and前复数名词problems可知，用名词的复数形式。根据句意，故填infections。 30． (impress) by the speech, she made up her mind to work even harder in future. 【答案】Impressed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她被演讲打动了，下定决心今后要更加努力工作。分析句子可知，逗号前为句子的状语，短语：be impressed by“被……打动”，句中主语she与动词impress为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词，因处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Impressed。 31．Police (not identify)the suspect yet, which is depressing news for the victims. 【答案】have not identified 【详解】考查时态。句意：警方还没查明嫌疑犯的身份，这对于受害者来说是一个令人沮丧的消息。根据句中的yet可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为集体名词police，故填have not identified。 32．The China Cultural Center in Mauritius launched a series of online (exhibit) and film shows about Beijing. 【答案】exhibits/exhibitions 【详解】考查名词。句意：毛里求斯中国文化中心推出了一系列关于北京的线上展览会和影展。分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词，exhibit与exhibition均可作“展览会”讲，可数名词，且空前有a series of修饰，故填exhibits/exhibitions。 33．China will (enhancement) cooperation with countries and regions supporting the Belt and Road Initiative. 【答案】enhance 【详解】考查动词。句意：中国将加强同支持“一带一路”倡议的国家和地区的合作。分析句子可知，空处与助动词will构成谓语，应用enhancement的动词形式enhance，表示“增强”。故填enhance。 34．The desperate thief (grab) a sword from a guard and killed himself. 【答案】grabbed 【详解】考查时态。句意：绝望的小偷从一名警卫手中夺过一把剑自杀了。结合并列谓语killed用一般过去时可知，谓语动词grab也用一般过去时。故填grabbed。 35．China’s deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe, (shape) like a fish, set a new record of 10,909 meters on Nov. 10, 2020. 【答案】shaped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2020年11月10日，中国“鱼形”深海载人潜水器“奋斗者”创下了10909米的新纪录。句中已有谓语动词set且无连词，故空处应填非谓语动词，shape“塑造，给……造型”和逻辑主语Fendouzhe之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，作后置定语。故填shaped。 36．I have a firm belief the power of communication, which can smooth away misunderstandings. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：我坚信沟通的力量，它可以消除误解。belief in…表示“相信……”，故填in。 37．We couldn't help wondering how long it would take (get) there. 【答案】to get 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“lt takes/took sb.一段时间+to do sth”，意为“花费(某人)一段时间做某事”，句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语，get意为“到达”，动词词性，不定式to后接动词原形。故填to get。 38．She is very much (oppose) to your marrying her. 【答案】opposed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她非常反对你娶她。be opposed to是固定短语，意为“反对”，其中opposed是形容词，意为“反对的”，在句中作表语。故填opposed。 39．Share library announcements on your (society) media. 【答案】social 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在你的社交媒体上分享图书馆的公告。分析句子可知，空处用society的形容词形式social，作定语修饰media，social media意为“社交媒体”。故填social。 40．There has been a recent (趋势) in the food service industry toward a lower fat content and less salt. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】trend 【详解】考查名词。句意：最近，食品服务行业出现了一种低脂肪、低盐的趋势。本句是there be句型，空处为句子主语，名词trend“趋势”符合题意，可数名词，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填trend。 41．She is one of the (found) of the company. 【答案】founders 【详解】考查名词。句意：她是这家公司的创始人之一。此处表示“创始人”，需用名词founder，可数名词，one of后面需加名词复数形式。故填founders。 42．The navy is to carry out an (examine) of the wreck tomorrow. 【答案】examination 【详解】考查名词。句意：海军将于明天对沉船进行检查。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词；examine的名词形式为“examination”，表示“检查、调查、考试”，结合前面的不定冠词an可知，此处用名词单数。故填examination。 43．If you want to succeed, it is no use (talk) too much without actually doing anything at all. 【答案】talking 【详解】考查动名词。句意：如果你想成功，只说不做是没用的。 it is no use doing sth.“做某事是没用的”，是固定句型，故填talking。 44．By that time, the fire (extend) to the 15th floor. 【答案】had extended 【详解】考查时态。句意：那时，大火已经蔓延到15楼。根据时间状语By that time可知，用过去完成时态。根据句意，故填had extended。 45．Hangzhou is a very beautiful city which is worth (visit). 【答案】visiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杭州是一个非常美丽的城市，值得一游。此处为短语be worth doing sth.表示“值得做”。故填visiting。 46．I knew that the lady had the importance of the meeting. It would be an to call for an urgent meeting at once. (exaggerate) 【答案】 exaggerated exaggeration 【详解】考查动词和名词。句意：我知道那位女士夸大了会议的重要性。立即要求召开紧急会议未免夸大其词。第一空根据上文the lady had可知为过去完成时；第二空作表语，结合上文an可知应填单数名词exaggeration，作表语。故填exaggerated和exaggeration。 47．Traditional exercises like sit-ups, press-ups and pull-ups are great for strengthening the body, (assume) you do them properly. 【答案】assuming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：像仰卧起坐、俯卧撑和引体向上这样的传统运动对增强身体很有好处，前提是你做得正确。分析句子结构及句意，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，assuming (that)…意为“假定；假如”为固定结构，此时的assuming为现在分词形式的独立结构，其后接that从句，在句中作状语，类似的结构还有providing that/provided that/given that等。故填assuming。 48．What annoyed me most was (cheat) by her over and over again. 【答案】being cheated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最让我恼火的是她一次又一次地欺骗我。空处应填非谓语动词作表语，表示经常发生的动作，用动名词，逻辑主语“我”和cheat之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式being done。故填being cheated。 49．He (read) in the library since it opened this morning. 【答案】has been reading 【详解】考查时态。句意：自从今天早上图书馆开放以来，他一直在读书。句中since表示“自从”，引导时间状语从句，主句应用现在完成时，且结合语意，“读书”这一动作一直正在进行，应用现在完成进行时，主语是He，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been reading。 50．The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to stop unwanted sound from （affect）you. 【答案】affecting 【详解】考查动词。句意：静音机是一种专门设计用于阻止不需要的声音影响你的设备。stop sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事。故填affecting。 51．Parents were (please) with the performance of Cathy in the exam. 【答案】pleased 【详解】考查形容词。句意：父母对凯茜在考试中的表现很满意。表示“对……满意”为be pleased with，用形容词作表语。故填pleased。 52．All classrooms of his school are (equip) with modern teaching equipment. 【答案】equipped 【详解】考查语态。句意：他学校里的所有教室都配备了先进的教学设备。分析句子结构可知，equip(装备)是谓语动词，与主语classrooms是被动关系，用被动语态，故填equipped。 53．I will never forget I once lived in China; I think it is the most beautiful place in the world. 【答案】where 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我曾经在中国住过的地方；我认为这是世界上最美丽的地方。分析句子可知，空格处应填入宾语从句的引导词。根据“it is the most beautiful place”可知，上文指“我”居住的地方，应用where引导。故填where。 54．It is reported that many a new house (build) at present in the old factory. 【答案】is being built 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：据报道，在这个老工厂里，目前正在建造许多新房子。根据时间状语at present，句子应该用现在进行时；句子的主语many a new house 和build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，因此用正在进行时的被动语态am/is/are +being+done；“many a +单数名词”表示“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，故填is being built。 55．No one knows why he always has a well-developed sense of his own (superior). 【答案】superiority 【详解】考查名词。句意：没有人知道他为什么总有一种强烈的优越感。分析可知，此处应用名词作宾语，superiority“优越”，抽象概念，不可数。故填superiority。 56．We (instant) stepped away and ran as fast as we could to the helicopter. 【答案】instantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们立刻走开，以最快的速度向直升机跑去。副词修饰动词，作状语。立刻地副词是instantly。故填instantly。 57．His (politics) ideas are rather extreme. 【答案】political 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的政治思想相当极端。修饰后文名词ideas应用形容词political“政治的”，作定语。故填political。 58．These were hung in place with (extend) rods. 【答案】extendable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些是用可延伸的杆挂在适当位置的。分析句子可知，“rods”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，作定语，“extend”意为“延伸”，动词词性，对应的形容词为“extendable”，意为“可延伸的”。故填extendable。 59．A quarter of students surveyed admitted to (distract) by mobiles when crossing the street. 【答案】being distracted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被调查的学生中四分之一的人承认在过马路时因手机而分心。admit to doing sth. 为固定用法，意为“承认做了某事”；此处students与distract为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用动词-ing形式的被动式，故填being distracted。 60．It is not uncommon for sports video game series (feature)different in-game equipment with real brand names. 【答案】to feature 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在体育电子游戏系列中，使用不同品牌的游戏装备并不罕见。根据固定句型It be+adj.+for... to do sth“对……来说，做某事……”，故空处应为动词不定式，其中It为形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语；feature可作动词，表示“以……为特色”，符合句意。故填to feature。 61．Doing exercises weeds made him understand a truth: practice makes perfect. 【答案】like 【详解】考查介词。句意：做大量的练习使他明白了一个道理：熟能生巧。此处为固定短语like weeds“大量的”。故填like。 62．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities (have) been rising steadily since 2010. 【答案】has 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自2010年以来，在中国大学就读的外国学生人数一直在稳步上升。分析句子可知，since在此处意为“自从”，主句要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，而句子的主语为The number，故谓语应用单数形式，故此处的have应用第三人称单数形式has。故填has。 63．It seems to have had impact on the environment and has since been banned. 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：它似乎对环境造成了影响，并已被禁止。have an impact on…表示“对……有影响”。故填an。 64．I approve of your (try) to earn some money, but if it is only an excuse, I’ll criticise you. 【答案】trying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我赞成你想赚钱，但如果这只是一个借口，我会批评你。此处应用动名词作介词of的宾语，为动名词的复合结构，即形容词性物主代词+动名词结构，故填trying。 65．He decided that he would put off his tour of (inspect) till the next day. 【答案】inspection 【详解】考查名词。句意：他决定把巡察工作推迟到第二天。根据句意以及空前的of可知，空处应用名词形式作宾语，inspection视察，不可数名词。tour of inspection巡察，巡视。故填inspection。 66．There are many accidents (arise) from alcohol drinking. 【答案】arising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有许多事故是由饮酒引起的。句中已有谓语动词are，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词accidents与arise之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。根据句意，故填arising。 67． made his father angry was he lied rather than made mistakes. 【答案】 What that 【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：使他父亲生气的是他说谎而不是犯错误。第一空引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代事情应用what引导，句首单词首字母要大写；第二空引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用只起连接作用的that引导。故填①What；②that。 68．At 7:00 this evening I (download) some important information for my essay. 【答案】will be downloading 【详解】考查时态。句意：今晚7点，我将为我的论文下载一些重要的信息。根据上文At 7:00 this evening可知表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行，应用将来进行时。故填will be downloading。 69．The Internet is a worldwide network of computers (link) by cables and satellites. 【答案】linked 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：互联网是一个由电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修饰名词a worldwide network of computers，与动词link是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填linked。 70．She’s been complaining a bad back recently, so her son insists on taking her to hospital for an examination. 【答案】of 【详解】考查动词搭配。句意：他最近一直抱怨背部不好，所以她的儿子坚持要带她去医院检查。分析可知，complain of意为抱怨……，符合题意，故填of。 71．She stood with her hands on the sink, (stare) out the window. 【答案】staring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她站在那里，双手放在水池上，凝视着窗外。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语She与stare之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故填staring。 72．My son didn’t deny the letter (be) from him. 【答案】to be 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我儿子没有否认那封信是他写的。此处用动词不定式（to do）作deny的宾语补足语，这是deny的惯用法。故填to be。 73．I （plan）to leave for New York, but the heavy snow forced me to change my mind. 【答案】had planned 【详解】考查时态。句意：我原计划去纽约，但大雪迫使我改变主意。空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“but the heavy snow forced me to change my mind”可知，谓语plan的动作发生在force之前，所以此处的时态为过去完成时，故填had planned。 74．They agree to form a council (compose) of leaders of different parties. 【答案】composed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们同意组建一个由不同政党的领导人组成的委员会。be composed of意为“由……组成”，空处需要非谓语动词作定语，所以去掉be动词，剩下过去分词作定语。故填composed。 75．The sisters were identical appearance and character. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：姐妹俩在外貌和性格上都是一样的。根据句意和were identical可知，空处应填入介词in，构成固定短语“be identical in ”表示“在……一模一样”，故填in。 76．A jury (consist) of 12 members voted in unison to set the suspect free for lack of evidence. 【答案】consisting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由12名成员组成的陪审团一致投票，以缺乏证据为由将嫌疑人释放。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作定语，应用非谓语形式且A jury与consist of之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，故填consisting。 77．I can't stand ________(work)  with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _______(stop) talking while she works. 【答案】working；to stop 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：我不能忍受和简在同一个办公室工作。她工作时不停地说话。分析句子结构，设空处均缺少宾语，且两个句子均有谓语，分别是can't stand和refuses，说明设空处需要填写所给提示词的非谓语形式。根据句意可推断，说话人和Jane一起工作，第一句话中说话人无法忍受和Jane一起工作，can't stand doing 表示“无法忍受做某事”，所以应该填写动名词working作宾语。第二句话表明Jane总是拒绝在工作时停止讲话。refuse to do表示“拒绝去做某事”，符合“她拒绝去停止说话”的含义，所以应该填写不定式to stop作宾语。故填working；to stop. 78．Astronomers have discovered a (distance) galaxy. 【答案】distant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：天文学家们发现了一个遥远的星系。设空处用形容词distant作定语，修饰名词galaxy，故填distant。 79．The scientist said he (spend)15 years working in this field. 【答案】had spent 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：这位科学家说他在这个领域工作了15年。分析句子，宾语从句中的动作spend发生在主句的动作said之前，即表示的是发生在过去之前，故应该使用过去完成时。故填had spent。 80．When he heard the knock, he ceased (write). 【答案】writing 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：当他听到敲门声时，他停止了写作。根据语境，此处用cease doing，表示“短时间停止做某事，一会儿还会接着做”。故填writing。 二、语法填空题:在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 Passage 1 Mochi (年糕) is a traditional food popular in Chinese and Japanese cooking, made from 1 (special) treated rice. It is often presented in the form of a round cake, and is traditionally exchanged at the New Year. Mochi is made by 2 (put) sticky rice into water overnight, cooking it and pounding it into a sticky paste. The paste is made into shapes ranging from simple to complex rounds, some of 3 are stuffed with sweet fillings. Mochi is often decorated with 4 (flower) or fruits, especially when it is exchanged as 5 gift at celebrations like birthdays and the New Year. Traditionally, wooden mortars (臼) and pestles (杵) 6 (use) to pound mochi rice. Fresh mochi is usually cooked and served warm 7 a variety of sauces. Steaming and boiling are both popular preparations in Japan, along with cooking. Fresh mochi is soft but it hardens quickly. Prepacked mochi blocks, flattened and cut into square pieces or 8 (shape) into rounds, are available at grocery stores. Mochi can go bad easily, so it’s 9 (good) to cook soon than to keep it in your fridge. Hard mochi pieces can be cooked, deep-fried, boiled, and more. Cooked mochi is very sticky, so be careful not 10 (choke) on it. 【答案】 1. specially 2. putting 3. which 4. flowers 5. a 6. are used 7. with 8. shaped 9. better 10. to choke 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国和日本受欢迎的传统食物——年糕。 1. 考查副词。句意：年糕是一种在中国和日本很流行的传统食物，由经过特殊处理的大米制成。此处要用副词修饰形容词treated，故填specially。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：糯米团的制作方法是将糯米放入水中过夜，煮熟后捣成粘稠的糊状。by是介词，意为“通过……”后接doing形式，故填putting。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：这种糊状物的形状从简单的圆形到复杂的圆形，有些是甜馅的。此处是“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词paste，从句中作介词宾语，用关系代词which，故填which。 4. 考查名词复数。句意：年糕通常用鲜花或水果装饰，尤其是在生日和新年等庆祝活动中作为礼物交换时。根据or fruits，可知此处用名词复数，故填flowers 。 5. 考查冠词。句意：年糕通常用鲜花或水果装饰，尤其是在生日和新年等庆祝活动中作为礼物交换时。gift为可数名词，此处为泛指且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 6. 考查动词时态语态。句意：传统上，木臼和杵是用来捣糯米的。主语是wooden mortars and pestles，谓语动词用复数形式的被动语态，陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are used。 7. 考查介词。句意：新鲜的年糕通常是煮熟的，并与各种酱料一起热着吃。根据句意应用介词with表示“与……一起”，故填with。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：杂货店里可以买到预先包装好的年糕块，它们被压平，切成方形或圆形。分析句子结构可知shape与逻辑主语Prepacked mochi blocks构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填shaped。 9. 考查形容词比较级。句意：年糕很容易变坏，所以与其把它存放在冰箱里，不如现煮现吃。根据than可知此处形容词的比较级，故填better。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：煮熟的年糕很黏，所以要小心别噎着了。根据be careful to do sth.“小心做某事”是固定搭配，可知此处用动词不定式，故填to choke。 Passage 2 It was a hot summer day. My mum 1 (hold) a small note and waving at every taxi that passed along the Suzhou road. We had come here by train 2 Shanghai to visit the classical gardens. But now we had already been standing by this road for over 3 hour. We needed to go to the station to catch 4 (we) train to Shanghai and had asked a local shopkeeper to write down the name of the station for the driver to understand. But every driver who stopped to examine the note drove off without 5 (say) a word. There we were, helpless and 6 (lose) in China. Luckily, a young lady walked over and found out that the paper only said “xièxiè” —Chinese for “Thank you”. No wonder no one would take us. We 7 (sudden) realized that my father had repeatedly asked the shopkeeper to “write this down, please. Thank you! Thank you!” Apparently, he had assumed us funny foreigners 8 wanted to know the word for “thanks” in Chinese. That explained the 9 (puzzle) expression on the taxi drivers’ 10 (face) as they just read “thank you” on the note. Thanks to the help of the passer-by, we were eventually able to catch the train. 【答案】 1. was holding 2. from 3. an 4. our 5. saying 6. lost 7. suddenly 8. who/that 9. puzzled 10. faces 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和家人在中国旅游时因为语言不通产生沟通交流方面的误会而发生的轶事。 1. 考查时态。句意：我妈妈拿着一张小纸条，向每一辆经过苏州路上的出租车挥手。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，且根据连词and后的动词waving (挥手)和第一句中的一般过去时可以判断空处应使用过去进行时，表示过去的某一时间点正在发生或进行的状态，主语My mum第三人称，谓语单数形式。故填was holding。 2. 考查介词。句意：我们从上海乘火车来这里参观古典园林。后文提到“We needed to go to the station to catch... train to Shanghai ”（我们要去火车站赶去上海的火车）。由此判断作者和家人 是从上海来的。故填from。 3. 考查冠词。句意：但现在我们已经在这条路上站了一个多小时了。分析句子可知，名词hour (小时)前应使用不定冠词进行修饰，表泛指，且hour因为h不发音，所以该词以元音开头，故不定冠词用an。故填an。 4. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我们要去火车站赶去上海的火车，于是让当地的一个店主把车站的名字写下来让司机明白。分析句子可知，名词train (火车)前应使用形容词性物主代词进行修饰。故填our。 5. 考查非谓语。句意：但是每一个停下来看纸条的司机都一言不发地离开了。分析句子可知，介词without后接动词-ing形式作宾语。故填saying。 6. 考查形容词。句意：在中国，我们既无助又迷茫。分析句子可知，句中be动词后接形容词作表语。故填lost。 7. 考查副词。句意：我们突然意识到我父亲曾反复要求店主“请把这个写下来。谢谢你！谢谢你!”分析句子可知，需用副词作状语修饰动词realize (意识到)。故填suddenly。 8. 考查关系代词。句意：显然，他以为我们这些有趣的外国人想知道中文中“谢谢”这个词。分析句子可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为foreigners (外国人)，指人，从句中缺少主语成分，因此需使用关系代词who/that在从句中作主语成分。故填who/that。 9. 考查形容词。句意：这就解释了出租车司机在便条上读到“谢谢”时脸上困惑的表情。分析句子可知，名词expression (表情)指的是“出租车司机脸上的表情”，前需使用修饰形容词人的-ed形容词puzzled (困惑的)作定语进行修饰。故填puzzled。 10. 考查名词复数。句意：这就解释了出租车司机在便条上读到“谢谢”时脸上困惑的表情。根据前文中drivers (司机们)的复数形式可知，名词复数所有格后应接名词复数形式。故填faces。 Passage 3 Recently, chatbot (聊天机器人) technology has gained 1 (popular) in the world of AI (人工智能). One of the most well-known chatbots 2 (call) GPT, which was developed by OpenAI. Its birth can date back to 2018, 3 the first version of GPT appeared. This version could deal with natural-sounding texts. Over the past few years, GPT 4 (experience) several updates and improvements, making it one of the most 5 (advance) chatbots in the world. The most exciting development is its ability 6 (learn) new information. This means that as users chat with GPT, it becomes 7 (good) at understanding and responding to their needs than ever before. 8 (look) to the future, we are confident that chatbots like GPT have the potential to change the way we live with technology. GPT has the potential to create better user experiences from customer service to education. In all, 9 birth and development of GPT has been a milestone (里程碑) in the history of AI. 10 the continued progress of this technology, we can expect to see many exciting new developments in the years to come. 【答案】 1. popularity 2. is called 3. when 4. has experienced 5. advanced 6. to learn 7. better 8. Looking 9. the 10. With 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。聊天机器人技术在人工智能领域受到欢迎。最知名的聊天机器人之一是由OpenAI 开发的，被称为GPT。文章主要介绍了GPT聊天机器人。 1. 考查名词。句意：最近，聊天机器人技术在人工智能领域受到欢迎。此处应用名词popularity作宾语，不可数，故填popularity。 2. 考查时态和语态。句意：最知名的聊天机器人之一称为GPT，由OpenAI 开发。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，且主语One of the most well-known chatbots 和动词call是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词应用is，故填is called。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：它的诞生可以追溯到2018年，当时GPT的第一个版本出现了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰2018，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导，故填when。 4. 考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，GPT经历了多次更新和改进，使其成为世界上最先进的聊天机器人之一。由Over the past few years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是GPT ，助动词应用has，故填has experienced。 5. 考查形容词。句意：在过去的几年里，GPT经历了多次更新和改进，使其成为世界上最先进的聊天机器人之一。此处应用形容词advanced作定语，修饰名词chatbots，故填advanced。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：最令人兴奋的发展是它学习新信息的能力。ability to do sth.固定搭配，意为“做某事的能力”，故填to learn。 7. 考比较级。句意：这意味着当用户与GPT聊天时，它会比以往更好地理解和响应他们的需求。由than可知，此处应用形容词比较级作表语，故填better。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：展望未来，我们相信像GPT这样的聊天机器人有潜力改变我们的技术生活方式。此处是非谓语动词作状语，主语we和动词look是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Looking。 9. 考查冠词。句意：总而言之，GPT的诞生和发展是人工智能发展史上的一个里程碑。此处特指GPT的诞生和发展，应用定冠词the，故填the。 10. 考查介词。句意：随着这项技术的不断进步，我们可以期待在未来几年看到许多令人兴奋的新发展。此处表示“随着”，应用介词with，表示伴随，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填With。 Passage 4 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients 1 (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物). It is assumed, for a person to be healthy, 2 yin and yang forces should be in balance. Imbalance causes illness or injury. TCM is about 3 (restore) the balance between yin and yang forces in patients. It has been a major part of traditional Chinese culture and continues to play 4 vital role in medical treatment in China today. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 80 percent of the world's population depends for its primary health care needs 5 medicines from plants and animals. This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are 6 (wide) used. Increasingly, however, modern medicines also contain substances from animals and plants. Given growing populations, increasing wealth, and the spreading 7 (popular) of natural remedies around the world, the demand for these medicines and remedies 8 (rise) now. The rising demand, 9 (combine) with reduced habitat, has caused an alarming increase in the number of plant and animal species used for medicinal purposes at risk for many years. For instance, TCM uses about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species, including the tiger, rhinoceros, and sea horse, 10 are all in danger. 【答案】 1. are treated 2. that 3. restoring 4. a 5. on/upon 6. widely 7. popularity 8. is rising 9. combined 10. which 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍传统中医、传统中医的疗法及其对所需用药的动植物的影响。 1. 考查时态语态。句意：传统中医是一种医疗保健系统，是一种患者接受天然植物，动物和矿物质药物的治疗。根据句意可知，此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时。主语patients与treat是动宾关系，故用被动语态。主语patients是复数。故填are treated。 2. 考查主语从句。句意：人们认为，为了使一个人健康，阴阳力量应该平衡。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查It is assumed that。其中It作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，引导词that不可以省略。故填that。 3. 考查动名词。句意：传统中医是关于恢复患者阴阳之间的平衡。根据空前的介词about可知，此处用动名词restoring，作宾语。故填restoring。 4. 考查冠词。句意：它一直是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，并在当今中国的医疗中继续发挥着至关重要的作用。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语play a vital role in，表示“在……发挥至关重要的作用”。因为vital是以辅音音素开头，故设空处填a。故填a。 5. 考查介词。句意：根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界近80%的人口依靠植物和动物的药物来满足其基本的卫生保健需求。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语depend on/upon，表示“依靠”。故填on/upon。 6. 考查副词。句意：在广泛使用传统药物的国家尤其如此。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处用副词widely，表示“广泛地”，作状语，修饰used。故填widely。 7. 考查名词。句意：鉴于人口不断增长，财富不断增加，以及自然疗法在世界各地的普及，对这些药物和疗法的需求现在正在上升。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处应填不可数名词popularity，表示“普及”，故填popularity。 8. 考查时态及主谓一致。句意：鉴于人口不断增长，财富不断增加，以及自然疗法在世界各地的普及，对这些药物和疗法的需求现在正在上升。根据句子结构可知，此处应填谓语动词。根据句意，此句描述现阶段持续的状态，故用现在进行时。主语the demand是单数。故填is rising。 9. 考查过去分词。句意：结合栖息地的减少，不断增长的需求导致多年来用于药用目的的植物和动物物种数量惊人地增加。根据句子结构可知，此处填非谓语动词。The rising demand与combine是动宾关系，故用过去分词combined作后置定语。故填combined。 10. 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：例如，传统中医使用大约1000种植物和36种动物，包括老虎，犀牛和海马，它们都处于危险之中。根据句子结构可知，此句是非限制性定语从句，引导词用which，指代先行词about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species，在从句中作主语。故填which。 Passage 5 The stars have always amazed human beings. Up until several hundred years ago, and without scientific tools to study the stars, all early humans could do was stare at the sky and let their 1 (imagine) take them to the outer reaches. Today we have all sorts of 2 (advance) scientific technology, including space telescopes that fly through our solar system, to observe the stars. But who invented the telescope? The answer 3 (remain)a mystery today. Actually, the first telescopes weren’t even inspired by a desire to study the universe, 4 instead came from attempts to help people with sight problems. Dutch eyeglass maker Hans Lippershey, 5 applied for the first patent for a “certain instrument for seeing far” in 1608, is 6 (general) considered the inventor of the telescope. Lippershey’s device only magnified (放大) objects about three times. It took the efforts of a famous 7 (Italy) scientist — Galileo Galilei — to build a better telescope and put it to use studying the stars. Galileo learned about 8 new device in 1609 and spent considerable time improving its design. By the end of 1609, Galileo 9 (improve) magnification to 20~30 times and became the first scientist 10 (use) the device to study the universe. 【答案】 1. imagination/imaginations 2. advanced 3. remains 4. but 5. who 6. generally 7. Italian 8. the 9. had improved 10. to use 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，简要介绍了望远镜的发明经过。 1. 考查名词。句意：直到几百年前，在没有科学工具来研究恒星的情况下，早期人类所能做的就是盯着天空，让他们的想象力把他们带到更远的地方。作let的宾语，故用imagine的名词形式imagination，该词作“想象力”讲时为不可数名词，作“想象的事物”时为可数名词，此处应用其复数形式。。故填imagination/imaginations。 2. 考查形容词。句意：今天我们拥有各种先进的科学技术，包括穿越太阳系的太空望远镜，来观察恒星。修饰scientific technology应用形容词advanced，作定语。故填advanced。 3. 考查时态。句意：这个问题的答案至今仍是个谜。由时间状语today可知，这里用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数形式，谓语动词也应该用第三人称单数形式。故填remains。 4. 考查固定句型。句意：事实上，最初的望远镜并不是出于研究宇宙的愿望，而是为了帮助视力有问题的人。句型not…but…意为“不是……，而是……”。故填but。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：荷兰眼镜制造商Hans Lippershey于1608年首次申请了“某种看远仪器”的专利，他被普遍认为是望远镜的发明者。空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代先行词Hans Lippershey在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。 6. 考查副词。句意：荷兰眼镜制造商Hans Lippershey于1608年首次申请了“某种看远仪器”的专利，他被普遍认为是望远镜的发明者。修饰谓语动词considered应用副词generally，作状语。故填generally。 7. 考查形容词。句意：这是一个著名的意大利科学家伽利略的努力，建立了一个更好的望远镜，并把它用于研究恒星。修饰名词scientist，应用形容词Italian，作定语。故填Italian。 8. 考查冠词。句意：伽利略在1609年了解到这个新装置，并花了相当多的时间改进它的设计。特指前面提到的望远镜，应用定冠词修饰名词。故填the。 9. 考查时态。句意：到1609年底，伽利略已经将放大倍数提高到20~30倍，成为第一位使用该设备研究宇宙的科学家。 “by+表示过去时间的词”做状语，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had improved。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：到1609年底，伽利略已经将放大倍数提高到20~30倍，成为第一位使用该设备研究宇宙的科学家。名词前有序数词修饰时，后面要跟不定式作定语。故填to use。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训·期末 期末复习--词性转换&语法填空（译林版） 高二上(选择性必修一&二) 易错特训 班级 姓名 学号 分数 （时间：60分钟；每小题1分，满分：130分） 内 容 提 要 一、 单句语法填空 Exercise 1 – 80 二、 语篇语法填空 Passage 1 -5 一、单句语法填空题:在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．To tell the truth, I was extremely (inspire) by the elegant way the words sounded. 2．Upon (graduate) she was offered the position of treasurer of the school. 3．Since decades ago, the government (advocate) Eco-tourism routes to promote environmentally-friendly practice. 4．All of us were waiting for Jenny (anxiety) when she came into the room with a big smile on her face. 5．It is worth (introduce) new technology from abroad. 6．The survey found a wide (vary) in the prices charged for canteen food. 7．He stood on the sidewalk with his hands (bury) in the pockets. 8．He is the top student in his department and he has won scholarships many times. (sum) up, he is an excellent student. 9．The (cream) white flowers are attractive in the spring. 10．My father is considering (buy)a computer, which is of great help in our work and study. 11．The novel is (setting) in London in the 1960s. 12．Zhang Weili had her moment of when she won the championship, but it just means her past. (glory) 13．Narrowly selfinterested behaviour is (ultimate) selfdefeating. 14．The firemen have saved the boy from the fire (successful). 15．When Michael Jordan’s feet left the ground, time seemed (stand) still. 16．The single mother was aware that her were not enough to support the big family, so she thought of more from her pay. (save) 17．The （adapt）of the play became popular. 18．An （advertise）uses words and pictures to persuade people to buy a product or service，or to believe in an idea. 19． (write) an essay is a difficult process for most people. 20． (disable) can make extra demands on financial resources because the disabled need extra care. 21．When it comes to (make) friends, I prefer those who will share my happiness and sadness. 22．It was the second time that I (read) the novel, and each time, I discovered new layers of meaning in the author’s words. 23．It’s impossible (crowd)any more football supporters in. 24．Still, continuing (challenge) yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 25．She got an appointment with the (appoint) director. 26．The cause of the terrible accident was that the driver (consume) a large quantity of drink. 27．The (politics) leader turned out to be a person of integrity and dignity, which was contrary to the rumor. 28．You will surely （impress）with those beautiful paper-cutting art works. 29．Smog can be dangerous because it causes severe breathing problems and (infect). 30． (impress) by the speech, she made up her mind to work even harder in future. 31．Police (not identify)the suspect yet, which is depressing news for the victims. 32．The China Cultural Center in Mauritius launched a series of online (exhibit) and film shows about Beijing. 33．China will (enhancement) cooperation with countries and regions supporting the Belt and Road Initiative. 34．The desperate thief (grab) a sword from a guard and killed himself. 35．China’s deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe, (shape) like a fish, set a new record of 10,909 meters on Nov. 10, 2020. 36．I have a firm belief the power of communication, which can smooth away misunderstandings. 37．We couldn't help wondering how long it would take (get) there. 38．She is very much (oppose) to your marrying her. 39．Share library announcements on your (society) media. 40．There has been a recent (趋势) in the food service industry toward a lower fat content and less salt. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 41．She is one of the (found) of the company. 42．The navy is to carry out an (examine) of the wreck tomorrow. 43．If you want to succeed, it is no use (talk) too much without actually doing anything at all. 44．By that time, the fire (extend) to the 15th floor. 45．Hangzhou is a very beautiful city which is worth (visit). 46．I knew that the lady had the importance of the meeting. It would be an to call for an urgent meeting at once. (exaggerate) 47．Traditional exercises like sit-ups, press-ups and pull-ups are great for strengthening the body, (assume) you do them properly. 48．What annoyed me most was (cheat) by her over and over again. 49．He (read) in the library since it opened this morning. 50．The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to stop unwanted sound from （affect）you. 51．Parents were (please) with the performance of Cathy in the exam. 52．All classrooms of his school are (equip) with modern teaching equipment. 53．I will never forget I once lived in China; I think it is the most beautiful place in the world. 54．It is reported that many a new house (build) at present in the old factory. 55．No one knows why he always has a well-developed sense of his own (superior). 56．We (instant) stepped away and ran as fast as we could to the helicopter. 57．His (politics) ideas are rather extreme. 58．These were hung in place with (extend) rods. 59．A quarter of students surveyed admitted to (distract) by mobiles when crossing the street. 60．It is not uncommon for sports video game series (feature)different in-game equipment with real brand names. 61．Doing exercises weeds made him understand a truth: practice makes perfect. 62．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities (have) been rising steadily since 2010. 63．It seems to have had impact on the environment and has since been banned. 64．I approve of your (try) to earn some money, but if it is only an excuse, I’ll criticise you. 65．He decided that he would put off his tour of (inspect) till the next day. 66．There are many accidents (arise) from alcohol drinking. 67． made his father angry was he lied rather than made mistakes. 68．At 7:00 this evening I (download) some important information for my essay. 69．The Internet is a worldwide network of computers (link) by cables and satellites. 70．She’s been complaining a bad back recently, so her son insists on taking her to hospital for an examination. 71．She stood with her hands on the sink, (stare) out the window. 72．My son didn’t deny the letter (be) from him. 73．I （plan）to leave for New York, but the heavy snow forced me to change my mind. 74．They agree to form a council (compose) of leaders of different parties. 75．The sisters were identical appearance and character. 76．A jury (consist) of 12 members voted in unison to set the suspect free for lack of evidence. 77．I can't stand ________(work)  with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _______(stop) talking while she works. 78．Astronomers have discovered a (distance) galaxy. 79．The scientist said he (spend)15 years working in this field. 80．When he heard the knock, he ceased (write). 二、语法填空题:在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 Passage 1 Mochi (年糕) is a traditional food popular in Chinese and Japanese cooking, made from 1 (special) treated rice. It is often presented in the form of a round cake, and is traditionally exchanged at the New Year. Mochi is made by 2 (put) sticky rice into water overnight, cooking it and pounding it into a sticky paste. The paste is made into shapes ranging from simple to complex rounds, some of 3 are stuffed with sweet fillings. Mochi is often decorated with 4 (flower) or fruits, especially when it is exchanged as 5 gift at celebrations like birthdays and the New Year. Traditionally, wooden mortars (臼) and pestles (杵) 6 (use) to pound mochi rice. Fresh mochi is usually cooked and served warm 7 a variety of sauces. Steaming and boiling are both popular preparations in Japan, along with cooking. Fresh mochi is soft but it hardens quickly. Prepacked mochi blocks, flattened and cut into square pieces or 8 (shape) into rounds, are available at grocery stores. Mochi can go bad easily, so it’s 9 (good) to cook soon than to keep it in your fridge. Hard mochi pieces can be cooked, deep-fried, boiled, and more. Cooked mochi is very sticky, so be careful not 10 (choke) on it. Passage 2 It was a hot summer day. My mum 1 (hold) a small note and waving at every taxi that passed along the Suzhou road. We had come here by train 2 Shanghai to visit the classical gardens. But now we had already been standing by this road for over 3 hour. We needed to go to the station to catch 4 (we) train to Shanghai and had asked a local shopkeeper to write down the name of the station for the driver to understand. But every driver who stopped to examine the note drove off without 5 (say) a word. There we were, helpless and 6 (lose) in China. Luckily, a young lady walked over and found out that the paper only said “xièxiè” —Chinese for “Thank you”. No wonder no one would take us. We 7 (sudden) realized that my father had repeatedly asked the shopkeeper to “write this down, please. Thank you! Thank you!” Apparently, he had assumed us funny foreigners 8 wanted to know the word for “thanks” in Chinese. That explained the 9 (puzzle) expression on the taxi drivers’ 10 (face) as they just read “thank you” on the note. Thanks to the help of the passer-by, we were eventually able to catch the train. Passage 3 Recently, chatbot (聊天机器人) technology has gained 1 (popular) in the world of AI (人工智能). One of the most well-known chatbots 2 (call) GPT, which was developed by OpenAI. Its birth can date back to 2018, 3 the first version of GPT appeared. This version could deal with natural-sounding texts. Over the past few years, GPT 4 (experience) several updates and improvements, making it one of the most 5 (advance) chatbots in the world. The most exciting development is its ability 6 (learn) new information. This means that as users chat with GPT, it becomes 7 (good) at understanding and responding to their needs than ever before. 8 (look) to the future, we are confident that chatbots like GPT have the potential to change the way we live with technology. GPT has the potential to create better user experiences from customer service to education. In all, 9 birth and development of GPT has been a milestone (里程碑) in the history of AI. 10 the continued progress of this technology, we can expect to see many exciting new developments in the years to come. Passage 4 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients 1 (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物). It is assumed, for a person to be healthy, 2 yin and yang forces should be in balance. Imbalance causes illness or injury. TCM is about 3 (restore) the balance between yin and yang forces in patients. It has been a major part of traditional Chinese culture and continues to play 4 vital role in medical treatment in China today. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 80 percent of the world's population depends for its primary health care needs 5 medicines from plants and animals. This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are 6 (wide) used. Increasingly, however, modern medicines also contain substances from animals and plants. Given growing populations, increasing wealth, and the spreading 7 (popular) of natural remedies around the world, the demand for these medicines and remedies 8 (rise) now. The rising demand, 9 (combine) with reduced habitat, has caused an alarming increase in the number of plant and animal species used for medicinal purposes at risk for many years. For instance, TCM uses about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species, including the tiger, rhinoceros, and sea horse, 10 are all in danger. Passage 5 The stars have always amazed human beings. Up until several hundred years ago, and without scientific tools to study the stars, all early humans could do was stare at the sky and let their 1 (imagine) take them to the outer reaches. Today we have all sorts of 2 (advance) scientific technology, including space telescopes that fly through our solar system, to observe the stars. But who invented the telescope? The answer 3 (remain)a mystery today. Actually, the first telescopes weren’t even inspired by a desire to study the universe, 4 instead came from attempts to help people with sight problems. Dutch eyeglass maker Hans Lippershey, 5 applied for the first patent for a “certain instrument for seeing far” in 1608, is 6 (general) considered the inventor of the telescope. Lippershey’s device only magnified (放大) objects about three times. It took the efforts of a famous 7 (Italy) scientist — Galileo Galilei — to build a better telescope and put it to use studying the stars. Galileo learned about 8 new device in 1609 and spent considerable time improving its design. By the end of 1609, Galileo 9 (improve) magnification to 20~30 times and became the first scientist 10 (use) the device to study the universe. 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $