专题1 名词（教师讲解卷）2026版江苏省（职教高考）《英语真题同源卷》（课件）

专题01 名词 2026版江苏省职教高考 《英语真题同源卷》 01 考点解读 02 知识回顾 03 真题精讲 04 举一反三 05 拓展提升 2 01 考点解读 3 三年真题 ·考点总结 02 知识回顾 5 一、名词的句法功能 句法功能 例句 作主语 The cat is sleeping on the sofa. 猫在沙发上睡觉。 作宾语 She likes apples. 她喜欢苹果。 作表语 He is a student. 他是一名学生。 作补语 Everyone elected him monitor. 每个人都选他当班长。 作定语 We will hold a birthday party on Saturday evening. 我们将在周六晚上举办一个生日派对。 作状语 Wait a moment. 等一会儿。 作同位语 My friend, Lily, is from Shanghai. 我朋友莉莉来自上海。 二、名词的常见构词法             名词的构词         派生法   动词 → 名词 加 -er/-or：teacher；inventor 加 -ion/-sion：decision；creation 加 -ence：prefer → preference 加 -ment：agree → agreement 加 -y：discover → discovery 形容词 → 名词 加 -ity：responsible → responsibility 加 -ce：intelligent → intelligence 加 -ness：weak → weakness 加 -th：true → truth 名词 → 名词 加 -ist：science → scientist 加 -ship：friend → friendship 加 -hood：child → childhood   合成法 名词 + 名词 tooth + brush → toothbrush（牙刷） book + shelf → bookshelf（书架） 形容词 + 名词 white + board → whiteboard（白板） high + way → highway（高速公路） 动词 + 名词 wash + room → washroom（洗手间） 转化法 词性直接转换 look（看）→ look（表情） 03 真题精讲 8 真题精讲 1.（2025年/ 37题）I had expected my speech to be a__________and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence. A. success B. sign C. secret D.show 【答案】A 【详解】考查抽象名词的具体化。a success 可表示 “一件成功的事情”，符合“演讲引发热烈讨论”的正面预期，与后文“尴尬沉默”形成鲜明对比，A正确。 【命题思路剖析】本题聚焦“基础名词辨析 + 转折语境逻辑”，是职教高考单项选择的高频考点，侧重考查学生在具体语境中理解词汇和逻辑关系的能力，而非孤立的词汇记忆。干扰项B、C属于“语义无关型”，与演讲场景和前后逻辑完全脱节，考查学生快速排除无关选项的能力；干扰项 D 属于“形近义远型”，“show”有“展示”的含义，容易让学生误以为和“演讲”相关，但实则不匹配“引发热烈讨论”的效果预期，以此区分学生对词汇深层含义的理解。 真题精讲 2.（2025年 / 23题）What is the woman? M: Do you have a single room with bath for tonight and tomorrow night? W: Just a minute, sir. Sorry, we haven't any singles left. But we could let you have a double room for the same price. A. A travel agency clerk. B. An office secretary. C. An emergency room nurse. D.A hotel receptionist 【答案】D 【详解】考查职业身份判断。男士询问“带浴室的单人间预订”，女士回应房间 availability（有无）及价格，符合酒店接待员（hotel receptionist）的工作场景。A（旅行社职员）、B（办公室秘书）、C（急诊护士）均与 “订房” 场景无关。 【命题思路剖析】核心考点：职业身份推断，侧重考查学生对 “职场场景词汇 + 交际功能” 的识别能力。聚焦职业场景，对话简洁，无生僻词汇；仅通过“订房相关词汇（single room, double room, price）+ 服务型回应逻辑” 即可锁定答案，侧重考查“语境语义匹配”，而非词汇难度。 真题精讲 3.（2024年 / 16题）What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? W: So, John, as a new comer to this firm, you don’t know about the meeting tomorrow, do you? M: No, I don’t. Thanks a lot for telling me, Susan. A. Classmates. B. Colleagues. C. Friends. D. Roommates. 【答案】B 【详解】考查人物关系推断。女士提到男士是“new comer to this firm”（公司新员工），话题围绕“明天的会议”展开，符合同事（colleagues）的职场沟通场景。A（同学）、C（朋友）、D（室友）均与 “公司” 场景无关。 【命题思路剖析】考查场景词汇推断人际关系，是对话理解高频考点。命题逻辑：通过“firm（公司）”“meeting（会议）”等职场专属词汇，锁定人物关系范围，排除非职场关系选项；干扰项设计：A、C、D 为日常高频人际关系，干扰学生对 “职场场景” 的判断，检验学生捕捉核心场景词的能力。 真题精讲 4.（2025年 / 56题）What does the underlined word “solutions” in paragraph four mean? 原文：“Try calling yourself a pet name and see how that helps you choose softer words,” she says.“This is important when you are having a tough time. Kind words help us find solutions and lighten our load-harsh（苛刻的）self-talk adds to our burden.” A. Soft words we often use. B. Names of the newly-born pet. C.Ways of dealing with difficulties. D.Plans to travel around the country. 【答案】C 【详解】考查词义推断。定位原文语境：“solutions”所在句子前明确提到“when you are having a tough time”（当你遇到困难时），后接“lighten our load”（减轻负担），形成“遇到困难→找到solutions→减轻负担”的逻辑链，可见“solutions”需与“解决困难”相关；即C项为正确答案。 【命题思路剖析】核心考点：词义猜测题，考查“语境推断能力”，符合职教英语“侧重实用理解”的核心要求；所选词汇“solutions”属于核心基础词汇，且语境线索清晰（“tough time”“lighten our load”），难度适中，既不超纲，又能有效考查“结合语境理解词汇”的核心能力。 真题精讲 5.（2025年 / 62题）（2024年江苏职教高考第62题）原文：And many are even taking this spirit to drive changes in college courses, as they show a strong interest in designing their own: learning path in college. 任务型阅读考题如下：在空格处填入1个恰当的单词 【答案】designers 【详解】考查词汇转换。定位原文：“they show a strong interest in designing their own learning path in college.”题干中“be + 名词”表身份，“design”的名词形式“designer”需用复数（对应“they”），故填“designers”，表示“成为自己学习路径的设计者”。 【命题思路剖析】核心考点：名词的构词。动词design + 后缀er —> 表示动作的发出者designer（设计者）。命题逻辑：考查任务型阅读的表达转换，涉及基本的“词法功能 + 常见构词法”的综合性考查。要求学生能够检索语篇关键信息，理解基本语义并进行词汇的恰当转换。 uThey drive changes in college courses and want to be________of their own learning path. 真题精讲 6.（2023年 / 8题）There is not enough ________ in the kitchen to put the table. A. place B. floor C. ground D. room 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：厨房里没有足够的空间放桌子。A. place地方；B. floor地板；C. ground地面；D. room空间，房间。根据句意可知，此处指厨房里没有足够的空间放桌子，故用room表“空间”。故选D。 【命题思路剖析】核心考点：不可数名词的词义辨析（room 的可数 / 不可数）； 命题逻辑：结合生活化场景（厨房放桌子），考查学生对易混名词的精准理解，区分place（具体“地方”）、floor（地板）、ground（地面）与 room（抽象“空间”）的语义差异； 考情指向：体现职教高考对“基础语法 + 语义理解”的双重要求，避开单纯的死记硬背，侧重在语境中判断名词的实际含义。 真题精讲 7.（2023年 / 56题）What does the underlined word “rumors” in the last paragraph mean? 【答案】A 【详解】考查词义推断。定位原文语境：目标词 rumors 与 fake news（假新闻）以并列形式出现，中间用 and 连接，说明二者语义相近，属于同一范畴的概念。故A项正确。 【命题思路剖析】核心考点：词义猜测题（利用并列逻辑关系推断词义）。 本题采用 “并列结构推断词义” 的考查方式，是职教高考词义猜测题的高频考点，侧重考查学生对文本逻辑关系的把握，而非孤立的词汇背诵，符合 “注重语境理解” 的考试要求。干扰项 B、C、D 均属于 “语义无关型”，分别从 “趣味性”“私密性”“保密性” 设置干扰，与原文 “辨别假新闻” 的核心话题脱节，考查学生快速排除无关选项的能力。 原文：Check the questionable piece of news against other news sources or fact-checking websites, which will help expose fake news and rumors. A. Untrue stories. B.Funny stories C.Private stories. D.Secret stories. 04 举一反三 16 举一反三 8.（2022年 / 1题）If I were you, I would write to apply for the______of Sales Manager advertised in last Friday's China Daily. A.business B.trade C.position D.operation 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：如果我是你，我会写信申请上周五《中国日报》上登出的销售经理职位。A. business商业；B. trade贸易；C. position位置；D. operation手术。根据“Sales Manager (销售经理)”可知，这里是在申请一个职位，故用position。故选C。 9.（2021年 / 1题）—I have a poor sense of______and can easily get lost in a new city. —Why not use Baidu maps on your mobile phone? A.humor B.direction C.security D.duty 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：—我方向感很差，在新的城市里很容易迷路。—为什么不用你手机上的百度地图呢？A. humor幽默；B. direction方向；C. security安全；D. duty责任。根据“easily get lost in a new city”可知，此处意为“方向感”，用sense of direction。故选B。 举一反三 10.（2021年 / 9题）He gave no_______for why he hadn't_______a this brother's wedding ceremony. A.appreciation;turned out B.expectation;taken out C.explanation;turned up D.instruction;taken up 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定搭配：give an explanation for 意为“对…作出解释”；turn up 意为“出席，露面”。 选项排除：A. appreciation（感激）; turned out（结果是）→ 语义不通 B. expectation（期待）; taken out（取出）→ 搭配不符 D. instruction（指示）; taken up（占据 / 开始学习）→ 逻辑不成立 句意为“他没有解释为什么没出席他弟弟的婚礼”。 举一反三 11.（2022年 / 20题）What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? 【答案】A 【详解】对话围绕 “Professor Smith's class（史密斯教授的课）”“asked for a sick leave（请病假）” 展开，体现学生间的课堂相关沟通，符合同学（Classmates）关系。B（师生）、C（同事）、D（医患）均与 “上课请假” 场景无关。 W: Hi , Andy. I didn't see you in Professor Smith's class yesterday. What happened? M: Well. I had a headache. So I called him and asked for a sick leave. A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C.Colleagues. D. Doctor and patient. 举一反三 12.（2021年 / 24题）What is the above? 【答案】C 【详解】文中明确提及 “Full-time secretary position available”（招聘全职秘书）、“Applicants should have...”（申请者要求）、“Apply in person...”（申请方式），均为招聘广告的核心要素。A（通知）、B（海报）、D（申请信）均不具备 “招聘职位、申请要求、申请方式” 的核心特征。 Nanjing Star April 20.2021 Needed Full-time secretary position available.Applicants should have at least 2year's experience and be able to type 60 words a minute, with excellent knowledge of Word, PowerPoint and Excel. Apply in person at United Business Ltd, 17 Browning Street. A. It's a notice. B It's a poster. C.It's a job advertisement. D.It's an application letter 举一反三 13.（2022年 / 40题）If you want to be happy, please remember these five simple rules: free your heart from hate; free your mind from_______; live simply; give more; expect less. Then your happiness will increase every day. A.worries B. works C.memories D.experiences 【答案】A 【详解】考查语境语义推断 + 名词情感色彩辨析。句子为并列结构，“free your mind from ______”与“free your heart from hate”对应，空格需填负面名词。 选项分析：worries（忧虑）符合“摆脱负面情绪”的语境；works（工作）、memories（记忆）、experiences（经历）均无负面倾向。句意为“让心灵摆脱仇恨，让头脑摆脱忧虑”。 举一反三 14.（2022年 / 48题）The word "marathon" was first used for a_______. 【答案】D 【详解】考查细节信息查找能力，针对原文直接信息设题，检验学生快速定位关键内容的能力。原文明确“marathon 源自希腊的一个村庄”，村庄属于地点。选项排除：battle（战役）、race（赛跑）、story（故事）均与原文定义不符。 原文：Sport is full of wonderful moments, but perhaps nothing is as exciting as the finish of the marathon. It is the longest, hardest race of all. The name "marathon" comes from a village in Greece. A famous battle was fought there in the year 490 BC. When the Greeks had beaten the Persians, a soldier ran all the way from Marathon to Athens-more than 40 kilometers-to tell people the good news. A. battle B.race C.story D. place 举一反三 15.（2022年 / 50题） 【答案】B 【详解】考查词义猜测（定义法），利用原文直接定义设置题目，侧重学生对同义转换的理解能力。原文“amateur 是不从体育运动中赚钱的人”，与 B 选项 “不以体育谋生的人”完全一致。选项排除：A、C、D 均表示“靠体育赚钱 / 谋生”，与原文定义相反。 原文：The finest sportsmen in the world are collected in one place-or at least, the finest "amateurs" are. An amateur is someone who does not earn any money from sport. 题干：The word "amateurs" in the second paragraph probably means_______. A. people who earn money from sport B. people who do not earn a living on sport C. people who are professional sportsmen D. people who make a living on races 05 拓展提升 24 拓展提升 16.During the summer vacation, students can try an ________ to gain experience. A.activity B.option C.internship D.interview 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词辨析。internship（实习）与 “获得经验” 呼应；activity（活动）、option（选择）、interview（面试）均不符合。句意：暑假期间，学生可以尝试实习来积累经验。 17.--Are you going shopping with Jim tonight? --That's my ________.Mind your own! A.offer B.business C.question D.chance 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词辨析。business 意为“私事”，固定表达 “That's my business.”表示“那是我的事”；其他选项（offer 提议；question 问题；chance 机会）不符合语境。句意：“你今晚要和吉姆去购物吗？”“那是我的事，管好你自己！” 拓展提升 18.The ________ of the new type of energy is of great importance to the development of the whole city. A.display B.decision C.discovery D.decoration 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词辨析。discovery 意为 “发现”，符合 “新能源的发现对城市发展重要” 的语境；其他选项（display 展示；decision 决定；decoration 装饰）不符。句意：这种新型能源的发现对整个城市的发展至关重要。 19.--What a good________ you've given me! Thanks a lot. --My pleasure. A.information B.news C.suggestion D.advice 【答案】C 【详解】考查可数名词与不可数名词辨析（suggestion 为可数名词，可与 a 搭配；information/news/advice 为不可数名词）。句意：—— 你给我的建议太棒了！非常感谢。—— 不客气。 拓展提升 20.Maria is always full of ________ because she takes exercise every day. A.humor B.talent C.energy D.wealth 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词辨析。energy 精力，符合 “锻炼使人精力充沛” 的语境。句意：玛丽亚总是精力充沛，因为她每天锻炼。 21.--We've entered a world ________ robot operations become true with 5G technology. --Hard to believe! Scientists are full of ________ which leads to great changes in our life. A.which;invention B. where; invention C.where; attraction D. which;attraction 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句和名词辨析。第一空where引导从句修饰先行词a world；第二空invention 发明，符合语境。句意：-我们已经进入了一个借助 5G 技术实现机器人操作的世界。-难以置信！科学家们的发明给我们的生活带来了巨大变化。 拓展提升 22.What's the relationship between the two speakers? A. Teacher and student. B. Shop assistant and customer. C.Interviewer and interviewee D.Manager and secretary. 【答案】A 【详解】考查人物关系推断。“The test is over”（考试结束）、“sign my name”（签名）、“passing my paper”（交卷），体现师生间的考试相关沟通，符合师生关系。B（导购与顾客）、C（面试官与求职者）、D（经理和秘书）均不符。 W: John, put down your pen now. The test is over and you are not allowed to write in any more answers. M: I'm not writing in answers, Ms. Miller, I forgot to sign my name. l am passing my paper to the front now. 拓展提升 23.Who is the speaker probably? A. A teacher. B. An editor. C. A journalist. D. A tour guide. 【答案】D 【详解】考查人物身份推断。“welcome to our tour”（欢迎参加我们的旅行）、“take you to some places of interest”（带你们去景点），是导游的典型话术。A（老师）、B（编辑）、C（记者）均不符。 Ladies and gentleman, welcome to our tour. This morning, I'm going totake you to some places of interest and historical spots. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask, Please look out of the window on your right. See the Grange? It is one of the oldest buildings in the city, which was built for D’Arcyb Boulton, one of the town’s leading citizens about 200 years ago. On your left, there is a university building which is 125 years old. 拓展提升 24.阅读所给片段，选出最佳答案 题干：Children under age five can have free Metrorail rides_________. A. with a farecard B. with a One Day Pass C.with someone who has paid for the ride. D.with one of customers 【答案】C 【详解】细节题，解题核心在于对名词短语a paying customer的正确理解。原文“Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer”，即 5 岁以下儿童可与付费乘客同行免费，对应选项 C。 Metrorail (地铁) Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer. 拓展提升 25.Mother is always losing her way when driving alone. She really has no sense of _____ . A.direction B. instruction C.introduction D. information 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词辨析与语境判断。sense of direction“方向感”（固定搭配）；instruction“指示”，introduction“介绍”，information“信息”均不符。句意：妈妈独自开车时总是迷路。她真的没有方向感。 26.Fishing is a hobby which needs much ________ . A.confidence B.difference C.importance D.patience 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：钓鱼是一项需要极大耐心的爱好。fishing需要“耐心”，其他选项 “自信（confidence）、不同（difference）、重要性（importance）”均不符合语境。 拓展提升 27.We were all overjoyed at the news _______ the experiment turned out ______. A.that;success B.which;a success C.which;success D.that;a success 【答案】D 【详解】考查同位语从句和固定搭配。句意：实验成功的消息让我们都欣喜若狂。第一空 that 引导同位语从句，解释 news；第二空turn out a success 表示 “结果成功”，a success 为抽象名词具体化，需要冠词a。 28.Our success was attributed to our _______. A.convenience B.congratulation C.cooperation D.comprehension 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的成功归功于我们的合作。“成功”与“合作（cooperation）”对应，其他选项“便利（convenience）、祝贺（congratulation）、理解（comprehension）”均不符合。 拓展提升 29.Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In the man's house C.In a furniture store. D. In a chemist's store. 【答案】C 【详解】考查对话场景推断。对话讨论“dinner table”（餐桌）的“latest style”（最新款式）、“afford it”（买得起），符合家具店场景。A（餐馆）、B（男子家）、D（药店）均不符。 M: This dinner table is the latest style. W: Looks great! It's wonderful to have dinner at it. But I don't think I can afford it. M: Then what about that one? It's much cheaper but beautiful as well. 拓展提升 30.What's the relationship between the man and the woman? A. Employer and employee. B.Waitress and guest C.Husband and wife. D.Neighbors 【答案】B 【详解】考查人际关系推断。女士 “make a recommendation”（推荐），“steak”（牛排），“sauce”（酱料）关键词均体现就餐服务的场景。加之，男士回应 “vegetarian”（素食者），符合餐厅服务员与客人的关系。 W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our steak with special sauce is very good. M: Thank you. But I was a vegetarian. 拓展提升 31.What's the woman doing? A.Giving suggestions. B. Making a complaint. C.Asking for permission. D. Making a reservation. 【答案】A 【详解】考查行为动作判断。男士询问语言学习建议（“What do you suggest?”），女士回应 “You should learn Chinese”，明确在提建议（suggestion）。B（complaint投诉）、C（permission许可）、（reservation预定）均不符。 M:I can't decide which language to learn in school. I have three choices:French, Spanish and Chinese. What do you suggest? W: You should learn Chinese. It's difficult, but probably the most useful language. Thank you for listening $