精品解析：2026届上海市浦东新区高三上学期期末教学质量检测（一模）英语试题

浦东新区2025学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测 高三英语试卷 （考试时间：105分钟 满分：115分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Pen names Did you know that Lewis Carroll, best known as the writer of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, was really named Charles Lutwidge Dodgson? This is just one of the fascinating facts ____1____ (find) in Pen Names, a new book by Adrian Scott. Exploring the world of literary pseudonyms (笔名) from the 19th century to the present day, Pen Names seeks to understand and highlight some of history’s most interesting pen names and uncover the motivations behind them. ____2____ (consist) of just under 140 pages, the book is a manageable work and begins with a detailed introduction of the literary pseudonym’s history. Scott outlines from the start of his book that the decision to use pen names usually ____3____ (fall) into one of two categories: to fit in or stand out. ____4____ to protect an author’s identity or to increase their appeal to readers, literary pseudonyms became commonplace from the 1800s onwards. Pen names takes us through the reasoning of individual writers as they developed and used a pen name to author their work. Some of these literary figures are surprisingly well-known under their own names but chose ____5____ (publish) some work under a second name. Charles Dickens, for example, wrote under the name Boz. A more recent example included is the publishing of novels which ____6____ (credit) to the pen name Robert Galbraith but were actually written by Harry Potter author JK Rowling. ____7____ all the case studies in Pen Names, the most interesting ones are those of authors who created public images for their pseudonym or even, in some instances, welcomed them as an entirely new identity. A particularly remarkable example is Scottish writer William Sharp, ____8____ came to see his pen name Fiona Macleod as a “demonstration of a different, female side of his nature.” Ultimately, ____9____ this book questions is whether it’s important to know and understand the identities of authors behind their pen names. According to Scott’s work, although it’s important in some cases, it’s a fascinating exercise to uncover the lives and motivations of these authors, especially of (10) _____10_____ we think we know so well. A clear and well-researched book, Pen Names is an engaging and informative work that explores an interesting literary tradition. 【答案】1. found 2. Consisting 3. falls 4. Whether 5. to publish 6. were credited##are credited##have been credited 7. Among##Of 8. who 9. what 10 those 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿德里安・斯科特的新书《笔名》，该书梳理了19世纪至今文学笔名的历史、作家使用笔名的动机分类，并结合具体案例探讨了笔名背后的身份意义及了解笔名作者身份的价值。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这只是阿德里安・斯科特的新书《笔名》中记载的一个有趣事实。句子谓语为is，空处为非谓语动词。动词find与逻辑主语facts之间是被动关系（事实被发现），应用find的过去分词形式found作后置定语。故填found。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书篇幅不到140页，内容通俗易懂，开篇详细介绍了文学笔名的历史。句子谓语为is，空处为非谓语动词。consist of与逻辑主语the book之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Consisting。 【3题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：斯科特在书中开篇就指出，作家使用笔名的决定通常分为两类：融入群体或脱颖而出。空处作谓语，根据主句谓语outlines及usually可知，此处应用一般现在时，句子主语the decision是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式falls。故填falls。 【4题详解】 考查连词。句意：无论是为了保护作者身份，还是为了增加对读者的吸引力，文学笔名从19世纪起就变得十分普遍。whether...or...为固定结构，意为“无论是……还是……”，引导让步状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Whether。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些文学人物中，有些人本名已经非常出名，却选择用另一个名字发表部分作品。choose to do sth.为固定短语，意为“选择做某事”。故填to publish。 【6题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：书中还举了一个较近的例子：一些署名为罗伯特・加尔布雷思的小说，实际上是《哈利・波特》的作者 J.K. 罗琳所写。空处作which引导的定语从句的谓语，根据后文谓语were written可知，此处表过去动作，应用一般过去时，which指代先行词novels（为复数名词）在从句中作主语，与credit“归功于；署名”是被动关系（小说被署名为……），应用credit的一般过去时的被动语态的复数形式were credited；此处也可用一般现在时来陈述客观事实，credit的一般现在时的被动语态的复数形式为are credited；此处还可以用现在完成时，表示过去动作对现在产生的影响，credit的现在完成时的被动语态的复数形式为have been credited。故填were credited/are credited/have been credited。 【7题详解】 考查介词。句意：在《笔名》一书的所有案例研究中，最有趣的是那些为笔名打造公众形象，甚至在某些情况下将笔名视为全新身份的作者的案例。根据空后名词短语all the case studies，可知空处应为介词，表示“在……之中（三者及以上）”，应用among，也可用of，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Among/Of。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：一个尤为显著的例子是苏格兰作家威廉・夏普，他将自己的笔名菲奥娜・麦克劳德视为“自己天性中不同的女性一面的展现”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是William Sharp，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who来引导。故填who。 【9题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：归根结底，这本书探讨的核心问题是：了解并知晓笔名背后作者的真实身份是否重要。空处引导主语从句，从句中questions缺少宾语，指代“这本书质疑的内容”，应用连接代词what来引导。故填what。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意：根据斯科特的研究，尽管在某些情况下了解作者真实身份很重要，但发掘这些作者——尤其是那些我们自认为非常熟悉的作者——的生平与动机，本身就是一件极具吸引力的事。空处指代前文的复数名词authors，为避免重复，应用指示代词those来代替，充当空后省略了关系词的定语从句的先行词。故填those。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. activated B. combined C. drives D. informed E. overrides F. previously G. readily H. stimulating I. survival J. underlying K. unfamiliar The six human hungers At the heart of food psychology lies a powerful question: Why do we eat what we eat? This question has led to a discovery ____11____ my entire conceptual framework of health and eating: the six human hungers. In observing behaviors and common struggles around food, I noticed most eating decisions weren’t purely based on physical hunger. Instead, they often arose from a complex combination of psychological, biological and emotional ____12____ that didn’t always reflect the body’s actual needs. This realization revealed a critical insight: What we often think of as “hunger” can actually be ____13____ by any of six distinct motivations: from nutritional needs to emotional needs, which has the power to influence when, what and how much we eat. Understanding which of these hungers is at play allows you to reclaim control over your eating choices so you can make intentional and ____14____ decisions rather than simply responding to impulses (冲动). These hungers determine our eating patterns, and their influence only intensifies when several of them are triggered at once. When three or more happen at the same time, the extreme hunger is nearly impossible to resist because it engages an ancient ____15____ instinct: as hunger grows, so does our urgency and adaptability in choosing foods. Prolonged hunger might have driven our ancestors to hunt more dangerous game or to experiment with ____16____ plants — a strategy that, while risky, was sometimes safer than facing starvation. This instinct to eat what was available may have saved lives in times of food shortage, but in today’s world of sufficient, ____17____ accessible food, it often works against us. This is a key reason why so many diets fail. Although they’re often poorly nourished (滋养), people attempt to adopt restrictive diets. Before long, intensified hunger ____18____ self-discipline, pushing them to make poor food choices. Feelings of guilt or shame may follow, ironically (讽刺地) ____19____ even more consumption and creating a cycle of overeating and self-blame. Generally speaking, each of the six hungers can affect us independently, but when multiple types of hunger are active, their ____20____ force can overcome even the strongest willpower. Next, we’ll look at the six human hungers as well as how to respond to each effectively, a new approach to navigating your relationship with food. 【答案】11. J 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. I 16. K 17. G 18. E 19. H 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于人类六种饥饿感的新发现，解释了它们如何综合影响我们的饮食选择和行为，并指出理解这些饥饿感有助于我们更好地控制饮食。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：正是这个问题，让我发现了构成我个人健康与饮食核心理念的基础：人类的六种饥饿感。根据“my entire conceptual framework of health and eating”可推知，这个发现构成了作者个人健康与饮食核心理念的基础。动词underlie意为“构成……的基础，为……的起因”，用现在分词作后置定语。故选项J。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：相反，它们通常源于心理、生物和情感驱动的复杂组合，这些驱动并不总是反映身体的真实需求。根据“they often arose from”可推知，心理、生物和情感因素驱动了它们的产生。C项“drives”意为“驱动力；冲动”，符合语境。故选项C。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种认识揭示了一个关键的见解：我们通常认为的“饥饿”实际上可能由六种不同的动机所激活。根据“by any of six distinct motivations”可知，“饥饿感”是被这些动机所激发或引起的。A项“activated”意为“激活；触发”，常用于表示某种机制或反应被启动，符合语境。故选项A。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：理解哪一种饥饿在起作用，能让你重新控制自己的饮食选择，从而做出有意的、明智的决定，而不是简单地回应冲动。根据“Understanding which of these hungers is at play”和“rather than simply responding to impulses (冲动)”可知，这一决策是建立在理解的基础上，并非冲动的，是经过思考的明智决定。D项“informed”意为“明智的；基于信息的”，与“intentional”并列，符合语境。故选项D。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当其中三种或更多饥饿感同时出现时，那种极致的饥饿感几乎无法抵抗，因为它触发了一种古老的生存本能：饥饿愈盛，我们选择食物的紧迫感和适应性就愈强。根据“is nearly impossible to resist”和“as hunger grows, so does our urgency and adaptability in choosing foods”可推知，生存本能被触发，所以无法抗拒。I项“survival”意为“生存的”，作定语，是常见搭配，符合语境。故选项I。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当其中三种或更多饥饿感同时出现时，那种极致的饥饿感几乎无法抵抗，因为它触发了一种古老的生存本能：饥饿愈盛，我们选择食物的紧迫感和适应性就愈强。根据“driven our ancestors to hunt more dangerous game”和“while risky”可推知，极致的饥饿感会让人们去冒险，尝试的不熟悉植物是冒险行为之一。K项“unfamiliar”意为“不熟悉的”，作定语，符合语境。故选项K。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：这种有什么吃什么的本能可能在食物短缺时期拯救过生命，但在当今食物充足、易于获取的世界里，它常常对我们不利。根据“in today’s world of sufficient”可知，当今世界，食物是充足的，易于获取的。G项“readily”意为“容易地”，修饰形容词 accessible，符合语境。故选项G。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：不久之后，加剧的饥饿感会压倒自律，促使他们做出糟糕的食物选择。根据“pushing them to make poor food choices”可知，饥饿感变得强烈，会战胜或压制住自律，进而让人做出糟糕的选择。E项“overrides”意为“压倒；优先于”，符合语境。故选项E。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：内疚或羞愧的感觉可能会随之而来，讽刺的是，这会刺激甚至更多的进食，并创造一个过度饮食和自我责备的循环。根据“even more consumption”可推知，这里表示负面情绪反而导致了更多的进食。H项“stimulating”意为“刺激；促使”，符合“导致更多进食”的语境。故选项H。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一般来说，这六种饥饿感中的每一种都可以独立地影响我们，但当多种饥饿感同时活跃时，它们结合的力量甚至可以战胜最强大的意志力。根据“when multiple types of hunger are active”可知，多种饥饿感共同作用时，它们的力是联合或结合的。B项“combined”意为“结合的；联合的”，修饰“force”，表示合力。故选项B。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Have you ever felt nervous or ashamed to take time off work to care for your mental health? Emily Carter, a writer based in New York, recently posed a similar question online, inspired by Mira Kelton, who unexpectedly ____21____ from Olympic events to protect her psychological well-being. “It was ____22____ to many people,” Carter noted in an interview, “because the prevailing (盛行的) mentality is to be strong and push through the pain.” The responses revealed a troubling pattern: due to ____23____ and professional concerns, numerous employees feel pressured to hide their need for mental health leave. This ____24____ hesitation points to a significant gap in workplace support systems that urgently needs to be addressed. While the term “sad day”— often used to refer to a mental health day — lacks an official definition, it generally means paid leave taken from sick days. It allows employees who aren’t feeling like themselves to ____25____, engage in meaningful activities, or simply take a break from daily stressors. To put it mildly, a “sad day” offers only a temporary ____26____ and is not a fix for deeper issues. ____27____, sometimes a short break can make a substantial difference. Recognizing the need for such time off is not always straightforward. According to Elena Stribling, president of the advocacy group Mental Health America, the signs can be ____28____.These may include shifts in mood, slight drops in productivity or difficulty concentrating. Nevertheless, if left unaddressed, these early ____29____ can evolve into severe health issues. Once you’ve decided to take a mental health day, the next question is how to ____30____ your decision. Your relationship with your manager will largely determine how open you can be about your reasons. Stribling warned that anxiety or guilt can sometimes lead to ____31____. In most cases, experts advise simply stating that you need to take a sick day without going into detail. “Not everybody values mental health,” added Andrew Parker, a clinical psychologist at Riverside Medical Center in Belmont, Mass. “Unless you’ re close with your supervisor, it is a(n) ____32____ to present your specific needs.” Finally, how you use “sad days” matters. Reflect on what has led you to this point: Do your personal relationships need attention? Are you exhausted from your workload and in need of ____33____? It may be a mix of several factors. Whatever you do, don’t spend the day ____34____ work messages or feeling guilty. As Stribling emphasized, “Self-care is not a selfish act. People who are selfless to the point of ____35____ end up burning out.” 21. A. recovered B. withdrew C. benefited D. suffered 22. A. convincing B. shocking C. challenging D. inspiring 23. A. dishonesty B. disinterest C. disgrace D. disorder 24. A. collective B. sudden C. intentional D. brief 25. A. step back B. take off C. pass out D. break down 26. A. resolution B. exercise C. calling D. relief 27. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Thus 28. A. unclear B. external C. imaginary D. evident 29. A. conflicts B. habits C. warnings D. attempts 30. A. communicate B. advocate C. enrich D. delay 31. A. over-reacting B. over-working C. over-sharing D. over-estimating 32. A. duty B. risk C. honor D. priority 33. A. challenge B. praise C. disconnection D. promotion 34. A. deleting B. leaking C. treasuring D. checking 35. A. self-sacrifice B. self-awareness C. self-defense D. self-control 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨职场心理健康休假现象：米拉退赛引发关注，员工因顾虑隐瞒需求，“伤心假”有缓解作用，专家建议合理请假并专注自我关怀。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，纽约作家艾米丽·卡特（Emily Carter）受米拉·凯尔顿（Mira Kelton）的启发，在网上提出了一个类似的问题，凯尔顿为了保护自己的心理健康，出人意料地退出了奥运会项目。A. recovered恢复；B. withdrew退出；C. benefited获益；D. suffered遭受。根据下文“…from Olympic events to protect her psychological well-being”可知，凯尔顿为了保护自己的心理健康，出人意料地退出了奥运会项目。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这让很多人感到震惊，”卡特在一次采访中指出，“因为普遍的心态是要坚强，要克服痛苦。”A. convincing有说服力的；B. shocking令人震惊的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据后文“because the prevailing mentality is to be strong and push through the pain.”可知，提到主流观念是“强忍痛苦”，因此她退出赛事的行为对很多人来说是令人震惊的。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些回复揭示了一个令人不安的模式：由于不光彩和职业方面的考虑，许多员工迫于压力，隐瞒了他们对心理健康假的需求。A. dishonesty不诚实；B. disinterest不感兴趣；C. disgrace耻辱、不光彩；D. disorder混乱。根据下文“and professional concerns”可知，员工因担心丢脸和职业发展问题，不愿申请心理健康休假。disgrace 表示“耻辱、不光彩”，符合语境。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种集体的犹豫表明，工作场所的支持系统存在重大差距，迫切需要解决。A. collective集体的；B. sudden突然的；C. intentional故意的；D. brief短暂的。根据前文“numerous employees feel pressured to hide their need for mental health leave”提到“众多员工都有这种压力”，因此这种犹豫是群体性的。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这类假期能让状态不佳的员工放慢节奏、投身于有意义的活动，或是单纯从日常压力中抽离出来歇一歇。A. step back抽身退步、暂缓节奏；B. take off起飞，脱下；C. pass out晕倒；D. break down崩溃。根据上文“It allows employees who aren’t feeling like themselves…”可知，此处为这类假期能让状态不佳的员工从日常压力中抽离出来歇一歇。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：委婉地说，“伤心假”只能暂时缓解心情，并不能解决更深层次的问题。A. resolution决议；B. exercise锻炼；C. calling使命感；D. relief缓解。根据下文“and is not a fix for deeper issues”可知，心理健康休假只能带来暂时的缓解，无法解决深层问题。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有时短暂的休息可以带来实质性的不同。A. Besides此外；B. Otherwise否则；C. However然而；D. Thus因此。根据前文“offers only a temporary relief”说“只是暂时缓解”，后文“sometimes a short break can make a substantial difference”说“短暂休息能有很大作用”，是转折关系。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据美国心理健康倡导组织主席埃琳娜·斯特里布林的说法，这些迹象可能并不明显。A. unclear模糊的，不明显的；B. external外部的；C. imaginary想象的；D. evident明显的。根据前文“Recognizing the need for such time off is not always straightforward.”提到“识别这种休假需求并不容易”，说明相关迹象是不明显的。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果不加以解决，这些早期预警可能演变成严重健康问题。A. conflicts冲突；B. habits习惯；C. warnings警示信号；D. attempts尝试；根据上文“These may include shifts in mood, slight drops in productivity or difficulty concentrating.”可知，情绪波动、效率下降等是心理健康问题的早期预警信号，若忽视会发展成严重疾病。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦你决定请一天精神健康假，下一个问题就是如何传达你的决定。A. communicate 传达、告知；B. advocate倡导；C. enrich丰富；D. delay推迟。根据上文“Once you’ve decided to take a mental health day”可知，决定休心理健康假后，下一步是告知上司这个决定。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯特里布林警告说，焦虑或内疚有时会导致过度分享。A. over-reacting反应过度；B. over-working过度工作；C. over-sharing过度分享；D. over-estimating高估。根据下文“experts advise simply stating that you need to take a sick day without going into detail”可知，焦虑或愧疚感可能会让人过度倾诉自己的心理问题，后文建议“不必详述原因”也印证了这一点。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：除非你和上司关系密切，否则提出你的具体需求是有风险的。A. duty责任；B. risk风险；C. honor荣誉；D. priority优先事项。根据上文“Unless you’ re close with your supervisor”可知，如果和上司关系不亲密，详述自己的心理需求是一种风险。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你是否已经被工作弄得筋疲力尽，需要休息一下？A. challenge挑战；B. praise赞扬；C. disconnection脱离；D. promotion晋升。根据上文“Are you exhausted from your workload”可知，因工作量大而疲惫时，需要的是抽离工作、断开连接。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论你做什么，都不要花时间查看工作信息或感到内疚。A. deleting删除；B. leaking泄露；C. treasuring珍视；D. checking查看。根据句意以及下文“work messages”可知，休心理健康假时，不要花时间查看工作消息。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些无私到自我牺牲的人最终会精疲力竭。A. self-sacrifice自我牺牲；B. self-awareness自我意识；C. self-defense自我防卫；D. self-control自我控制。根据句意以及上文“People who are selfless to the point of”可知，那些无私到自我牺牲的人最终会精疲力竭。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Back in 2008, when I was working as a professional astronomer, I was granted two nights on a big telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. I remember arriving at the peak of the volcano at dusk, very excited about this incredible opportunity. I went into the brightly lit telescope control room, plugged in my laptop and started preparing for the night of taking data. When it was dawn, I emerged into the sunrise, sleepy-eyed and ready for dinner... or was it breakfast? It was only years later that I realized I’d been to the peak of Mauna Kea and I hadn’t looked up at the night sky with my eyes even once. I now see this disappointing situation was representative of a deeper state of mental difficulty that had affected me like a long, slow sunset. Over my years of immersion (沉浸) in the academic environment, I’d become lost in the world of ideas, disconnected from an emotional, direct experience, and from the wonder and passion that had drawn me into astronomy in the first place. I’ve come to understand that this situation isn’t unique to me. These are typical symptoms of the modern world. So many of us live increasingly disconnected from nature — in the day and nighttime — often lost in the world of ideas, plans or anxieties, with our attention rarely in the here and now. Astrophysics was what led me into the world of ideas and facts, but it was ultimately stargazing in a mindful way that showed me the way back to a more balanced state of mental wellbeing and the wonder of my subjective, very human perspective. When we look with wide-eyed curiosity rather than being preoccupied with facts and expectations, it encourages a state of wonder, which leads to awe. Studies have shown feeling awe on a regular basis is deeply beneficial to our mental health, because it helps us feel connected to something bigger than our everyday view of ourselves. Suddenly, our worries aren’t quite so all important and we start to see ourselves from a different perspective. It’s so easy to think that we’re looking up at the stars. But the truth is we’re in them — made of them inseparable from them. You have grown out of, and are living as part of, this Universe. True, looking at it one way you’re a tiny, seemingly insignificant piece of dust on a remote planet in an unremarkable solar system. But from another perspective, you’re an integral part of the Universe experiencing itself through you own eyes, ears and thoughts. For me, this view has facilitated a complete transformation of my mental health and whole life. 36. The author felt a sense of _________ the moment he arrived at Mauna Kea. A. tiredness B. regret C. anticipation D. uniqueness 37. The common problem of the modern world is caused by _________. A. man’s separation from nature and the present B. the wonder about and passion for our careers C. our failure to observe the sky with naked eyes D. years of absorption in endless academic debates 38 How can we carry out “mindful stargazing”? A. By holding fast to science facts and figures. B. By observing stars through an advanced telescope. C. By integrating expectations and views of ourselves. D. By sensing the starry night in an open-minded way. 39. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Stargazing from dusk to dawn B. Seeing in a new light C. Mysterious-looking universe D. Awe-inspiring career 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了2008 年作者在夏威夷天文台观测时未欣赏星空，后醒悟自己沉迷学术而脱离自然与初心；他发现这是现代人的通病，而用心观星助其找回心理平衡与对宇宙的敬畏。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“I remember arriving at the peak of the volcano at dusk, very excited about this incredible opportunity.( 我记得我在黄昏时分到达了火山的顶峰，对这个难以置信的机会感到非常兴奋。)”可推知，作者在到达莫纳克亚山的那一刻，有一种期待的感觉。故选C项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“These are typical symptoms of the modern world. So many of us live increasingly disconnected from nature — in the day and nighttime — often lost in the world of ideas, plans or anxieties, with our attention rarely in the here and now.( 这些都是现代社会的典型症状。我们中的许多人生活得越来越远离自然——无论是白天还是晚上——常常迷失在想法、计划或焦虑的世界里，我们的注意力很少集中在此时此地。)”可知，现代世界的共同问题是由人类与自然和现在的分离造成的。故选A项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中“When we look with wide-eyed curiosity, rather than being preoccupied with facts and expectations, it encourages a state of wonder, which leads to awe.( 当我们睁大眼睛好奇地看，而不是全神贯注于事实和期望时，它会激发一种惊奇的状态，从而产生敬畏。)”可推知，“专注观星”指以充满好奇的开放心态观察，而非执着于事实和期待。故选D项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过作者作为天文学家的经历：早年沉迷观测数据却未抬头欣赏夜空，后来意识到现代人群普遍“与自然、当下脱节”，而“专注观星”（以好奇开放的心态感受星空）能带来敬畏感，帮助人们跳出自我焦虑，以新视角看待宇宙与自身，最终实现心理健康的转变。由此可知，这篇文章最好的标题是“以新的眼光看问题”。故选B项。 (B) Hillside Animal Shelter was founded in 1995 to help and campaign for animals in need, particularly those suffering every day in the intensive factory farming industry. We are home to 2500 rescued horses, ponies and donkeys, 750 cows, 300 pigs, 850 sheep and goats, and lots of other animals including dogs and deer, and we need your help. 40. You can scan the QR code on the poster to _________. A. book a visit to tour around the shelter B. know about the shelter’s opening hours C. order the shelter’s New Year cards quickly D. offer financial support through a credit card 41. David has saved £15 to buy a gift for friends and contribute to animal feed. Which plan best meets his goals? A. One “Hillside 2026 Calendar” and one “Large Round Hay Bale”. B. One pack of “20 ‘Winter Magic’ Festive Cards” and one “Standard Hay Bale”. C. Three “Standard Hay Bales” and request some “Hillside Leaflets to Distribute”. D. One “Hillside 2026 Calendar” and one pack of “20 ‘Winter Wilds’ New Year Cards”. 42. This leaflet is intended to _________. A. promote a new line of festive gifts B. hire volunteers to feed farm animals C. raise funds to care for rescued animals D. encourage donations for horses in winter 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Hillside Animal Shelter的相关信息，呼吁人们为救助动物提供帮助和支持。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“We are home to 2500 rescued horses, ponies and donkeys, 750 cows, 300 pigs, 850 sheep and goats, and lots of other animals including dogs and deer, and we need your help.(我们是2500匹获救的马、矮种马和驴、750头牛、300头猪、850只绵羊和山羊以及许多其他动物的家园，包括狗和鹿，我们需要你的帮助)”以及海报中“To donate via PayPalDebit/Credit Card please scan this QR Code(通过paypal/借记卡/信用卡捐款，请扫描此二维码)”可知，扫描海报上的二维码，可以通过信用卡提供经济上的帮助。故选D项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据海报中“Hillside 2026 Calendar £4”可知，一本Hillside 2026年历价格为4英镑；根据“Large Round Hay Bale £40”可知，一捆大圆干草包价格为40英镑；根据“20 ‘Winter Magic’ Festive Cards £10”可知，一套20张“冬季魔法”节日贺卡价格为10英镑；根据“Standard Hay Bale £5”一捆标准干草包价格为5英镑；根据“Hillside Leaflets to Distribute Free”可知，Hillside派发单张免费；根据“20 ‘Winter Wilds’ New Year Cards £12”可知，一套20张“冬日荒野”新年贺卡价格为12英镑。所以David要用15英镑既给朋友买礼物，又给动物买饲料，可以选择B项，即“一套20张‘冬季魔法’节日贺卡”和“一捆标准干草包”，共15英镑。故选B项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据文中“We are home to 2500 rescued horses, ponies and donkeys, 750 cows, 300 pigs, 850 sheep and goats, and lots of other animals including dogs and deer, and we need your help.(我们是2500匹获救的马、矮种马和驴、750头牛、300头猪、850只绵羊和山羊以及许多其他动物的家园，包括狗和鹿，我们需要你的帮助)”和海报中“To donate via PayPalDebit/Credit Card please scan this QR Code(通过paypal/借记卡/信用卡捐款，请扫描此二维码)”捐赠方式的介绍可知，这张传单的目的是为救助动物筹集资金。故选C项。 (C) It all adds up Whether it’s enemy tanks in battle, animals in the wild or cutlery (餐具) in a busy canteen, it is difficult to count objects that are moving around. Luckily, there is a technique that can estimate how many there are of something without requiring you to count every single one. The capture-recapture method involves getting a sample — waiting for some animals to wander by, for instance, then collecting some — marking the individuals distinctively, then releasing them back into the population. After some time has passed, you repeat the process to pick another group of animals and count how many of them are already marked. If you captured, say, 50 animals initially and marked them all, then on your recapture step you found half the animals you saw were marked, this tells you something about the whole population. Since half the sample is marked, this implies that half of the whole population is marked — so there must be about 100 individuals. This can give a reasonably accurate estimate of a population, without having to find and count every single member of it. During the second world war, some statisticians wanted to determine how many tanks the German army was producing. Captured tanks couldn’t be re-released, but, as tank components are marked with serial numbers, another approach allowed them to make an estimate. They logged the serial numbers of all captured tanks, working on the assumption that they were numbered in a fixed order and randomly distributed. If the largest serial number in your data is L and the number of captured tanks is n, one estimate for the total number of tanks is given by L+L/n. This is known as the German tank problem in statistics. One of my favourite population estimation stories was told to me by a teacher friend, who tasked her students with estimating the number of forks in the school canteen — impossible to count as, at any given time, a number will be in use and others will be in the wash. Her class “captured” a set of forks and marked each one with a drop of nail polish, then released them back into the population. A week later, they recaptured another sample population and used it to make an estimate of the total number of forks. Researchers performed a similar experiment 20 years ago to shame people into returning lab property. A worrying number of teaspoons were going missing in their lab, so they marked a set of spoons before releasing them, studying their movements and publishing the results. It turns out science is effective thanks to the publication of the paper. 43. Which of the following graph best illustrates the capture-recapture method?（marked ） A. B. C. D. 44. In order to estimate the production of German tanks, statisticians need to know the _________. A. fixed order in which German tanks were numbered B. smallest and largest serial numbers of captured tanks C. average of the serial numbers of all the tanks in a battle D. total of the captured tanks and their largest serial number 45. What can you infer about the final result of the teaspoon experiment? A. The missing teaspoons were equal to the released teaspoons. B. Scientists proposed an effective technique to count numbers. C. Missing teaspoons were sheepishly returned by spoon stealers. D. Researcher worked out the total of the missing forks in the lab. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. Mysteries solved by capturing animals. B. The origin of a mathematical technique. C. A trick helping you count moving objects. D. Distinct occasions adding to difficulty in life. 【答案】43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“捕获——重捕法”这一估算移动 / 难以逐个计数物体数量的技巧，并通过动物种群估算、德军坦克产量统计、食堂叉子计数及实验室茶匙追踪等案例，说明该方法的应用场景与实际效果。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二、三段“The capture-recapture method involves getting a sample — waiting for some animals to wander by, for instance, then collecting some — marking the individuals distinctively, then releasing them back into the population. After some time has passed, you repeat the process to pick another group of animals and count how many of them are already marked. If you captured, say, 50 animals initially and marked them all, then on your recapture step you found half the animals you saw were marked, this tells you something about the whole population. Since half the sample is marked, this implies that half of the whole population is marked — so there must be about 100 individuals. This can give a reasonably accurate estimate of a population, without having to find and count every single member of it. (‘捕获——重捕法’的操作流程是：先获取样本——比如等待一些动物经过时捕捉一部分，给这些个体做上独特标记后，再将它们放回种群。一段时间后，重复上述过程捕捉另一组动物，统计其中已被标记的个体数量。举例来说，如果你最初捕捉并标记了50只动物，第二次捕捉时发现其中一半带有标记，这就能让你推断出整个种群的数量。既然样本中有一半是标记个体，那就意味着整个种群里有一半被标记过——因此种群总数约为100只。这种方法无需找到并计数种群中的每一个成员，就能对种群数量做出相当准确的估算。)”可知，“捕获——重捕法”的核心流程是：①捕捉并标记一定数量的个体（如50只动物）→②放回原种群使其混合→③再次捕捉一定数量的个体→④统计其中被标记的个体比例→⑤根据比例估算总数量。符合这一流程的图表即为正确选项。故选A。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“They logged the serial numbers of all captured tanks, working on the assumption that they were numbered in a fixed order and randomly distributed. If the largest serial number in your data is L and the number of captured tanks is n, one estimate for the total number of tanks is given by L+L/n. (他们记录下所有被俘坦克的序列号，假设这些序列号按固定顺序编排且随机分布。如果收集到的数据中最大序列号为L，捕获的坦克数量为n，那么坦克总数的估算公式为L + L/n。)”可知，估算德军坦克产量需要两个关键数据：捕获坦克的最大序列号L和捕获坦克的总数n，所以为了估算德国坦克的产量，统计学家需要了解缴获的坦克总数及其最大序列号。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Researchers performed a similar experiment 20 years ago to shame people into returning lab property. A worrying number of teaspoons were going missing in their lab, so they marked a set of spoons before releasing them, studying their movements and publishing the results. It turns out science is effective thanks to the publication of the paper. (20年前，研究人员也做过一个类似的实验，目的是让人们羞愧地归还实验室物品。当时他们的实验室里有大量茶匙莫名丢失，于是研究人员给一批茶匙做了标记后放回，观察它们的流转情况并发表了研究结果。结果证明，这篇论文的发表让科学方法发挥了作用。)”可知，实验目的是让人们羞愧而归还有关实验室物品，且结果是研究成果发表后方法奏效，由此可推断：偷勺子的人不好意思地归还了丢失的茶匙。故选C。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether it’s enemy tanks in battle, animals in the wild or cutlery in a busy canteen, it is difficult to count objects that are moving around. Luckily, there is a technique that can estimate how many there are of something without requiring you to count every single one. (无论是战场上的敌方坦克、野外的动物，还是繁忙食堂里的餐具，要统计移动中的物体数量都并非易事。幸运的是，有一种方法无需逐一计数，就能估算出某类物体的总数。)”并结合全文可知，文章开篇指出“很难统计移动中的物体数量”，随后介绍“捕获 - 重捕法”这一技巧，并通过动物种群估算、德军坦克产量统计、食堂叉子计数、实验室茶匙追踪等案例，说明该方法如何解决“统计移动 / 难以逐个计数的物体”问题，文章核心是介绍一种帮助你计算移动物体数量的技巧。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Keeping cool as a winter melon? After a heavy summer afternoon of picking vegetables in the garden, my daughter and I were hanging out on the couch. She had picked a particularly large cucumber and was really proud of it, telling me how cold it felt. Of course, the phrase “cool as a cucumber” came up. Then my cousin said something very interesting: “Oh, that must be an American thing. In China, we don’t use cucumbers. _____47_____” “Wait, what?” I was obviously confused as to why melons would be hugged. But then my cousin explained that long before modern cooling devices like air conditioners or electric fans, hugging winter melon, a vegetable native to China, was a practical way to beat the summer heat while sleeping. _____48_____ Winter melons, with their massive size and thick skin, retain (保持) a cool temperature even in hot weather. Often stored in cool places, they absorb and retain up to 96 percent water, which means they resist heating up quickly, staying refreshingly cool to the touch even on the hottest days. Back then, for ordinary people, a winter melon could double as a natural cooling pad to which the body transferred excess heat to, providing relief from sticky, uncomfortable nights. This practice endures because many believe it’s a gentler, more natural alternative to modern cooling methods. _____49_____ And compared to fans, which blow air directly onto the body, the melon’s coolness is passive and gentle. And yes, winter melons are used for more than just hugs. In Chinese cuisine, they’re often used in dishes as they absorb the flavours of soups and seasonings, making them a common addition to soups. _____50_____ Also, in traditional Chinese medicine, they’re valued for their cooling properties, which are thought to help balance the body’s internal heat. To find a full-sized, whole winter melon to hug, head to a farmers’ market. There, you’ll surely find one that holds enough coolness to make this ancient trick feel just as effective today as it was centuries ago. A. In ancient times, you hugged cucumbers to stay cool, which was a common practice. B. The reasoning behind it is rooted in the melon’s physical properties. C. Their mildness balances rich ingredients — winter melon and pork soup is a classic example. D. Therefore, I had to look into the agricultural practice further through a quick online search. E. Unlike air conditioners, a winter melon provides a mild coolness that’s less likely to cause discomfort for kids. F. We hug winter melons to stay cool on hot summer days. 【答案】47. F 48. B 49. E 50. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古法“抱冬瓜”消暑：冬瓜含水高、升温慢，可用作天然降温之物，温和无害，至今沿用；兼入汤品与中药，是绿色低碳的度夏良方。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Then my cousin said something very interesting: ‘Oh, that must be an American thing. In China, we don’t use cucumbers.’(然后我的表弟说了一些非常有趣的话：‘哦，那一定是美国人的事情。在中国，我们不用黄瓜’)”及下文“But then my cousin explained that long before modern cooling devices like air conditioners or electric fans, hugging winter melon, a vegetable native to China, was a practical way to beat the summer heat while sleeping.(但后来我表弟解释说，早在空调或电风扇等现代制冷设备出现之前，抱着冬瓜（一种中国土生土长的蔬菜）是睡觉时避暑的一种实用方法)”可知，表弟说了在中国夏天消暑降温不使用黄瓜，那接下来就应该说出中国是用什么来解暑，那就是冬瓜。由此可知，F. We hug winter melons to stay cool on hot summer days.(在炎热的夏天，我们抱着冬瓜来保持凉爽)符合语境。故选F项。 【48题详解】 该空为段首句，应该概括下文内容。根据下文“Winter melons, with their massive size and thick skin, retain (保持) a cool temperature even in hot weather. Often stored in cool places, they absorb and retain up to 96 percent water, which means they resist heating up quickly, staying refreshingly cool to the touch even on the hottest days.(冬瓜个头大，皮厚，即使在炎热的天气里也能保持凉爽。它们通常存放在凉爽的地方，吸收并保留了高达96%的水分，这意味着它们可以抵抗快速升温，即使在最热的日子里，摸起来也能保持清爽)”可知，本段在解释为什么抱冬瓜可以解暑。由此可知，B. The reasoning behind it is rooted in the melon’s physical properties.(其背后的原因源于冬瓜的物理特性)符合语境。故选B项。 【49题详解】 根据上文“This practice endures because many believe it’s a gentler, more natural alternative to modern cooling methods.(这种做法一直流传下来，因为许多人认为这是一种比现代冷却方法更温和、更自然的选择)”及下文“And compared to fans, which blow air directly onto the body, the melon’s coolness is passive and gentle.(与直接将空气吹到身体上的风扇相比，冬瓜的凉爽是被动和温和的)”可知，此处在对比抱着冬瓜降温和利用风扇空调等现代的科技设备降温，冬瓜在健康方面的优势。由此可知，E. Unlike air conditioners, a winter melon provides a mild coolness that’s less likely to cause discomfort for kids.(与空调不同，冬瓜能提供温和的凉爽，不太可能给孩子带来不适)符合语境。故选E项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“And yes, winter melons are used for more than just hugs. In Chinese cuisine, they’ re often used in dishes as they absorb the flavours of soups and seasonings, making them a common addition to soups.(是的，冬瓜不仅仅是用来拥抱的。在中国美食中，它们经常用于菜肴中，因为它们吸收汤和调味料的味道，使它们成为汤中常见的添加物”可知，此处在介绍冬瓜作为食物的吃法。由此可知，C. Their mildness balances rich ingredients — winter melon and pork soup is a classic example.(它的温和与丰富的食材相平衡——冬瓜猪肉汤就是一个经典的例子)符合语境。故选C项。 III. Summary Writing Directions: 51. Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Social media posts Like other millennials, Ms. Yu, a graphic designer, went through her bumpy teen years amid the rise of first-wave social media such as Friendster and Myspace. “Social media was very interesting and fresh to me, as it was a convenient way to connect with others,” she recalls. About three years ago, however, she started feeling less rosy about social media. “I was spending so much time taking photos to post online, hoping to get positive comments. I would be embarrassed if I received few ‘likes’ for my posts. I would ask myself, ‘Why did more people like someone else’s posts but not mine? Are my posts not good enough? Am I not good enough?’” Ms. Yu was eventually able to overcome her self-doubt by cutting back on time spent on social media, and using it only in cases where it would potentially boost rather than weaken her confidence. Her experience highlights the double-edged nature of social media. Clinical Psychologist Ms. Michelle Tan notes that it can be a powerful tool for relieving social isolation and loneliness. Online communities provide emotional support, often helping users turn online connections with like-minded people into real-life friendships. They can also serve as a motivational tool for achieving goals like quitting smoking or getting in shape. On the other hand, it could invite negative social comparisons with other online users and lower a person’s self-worth. Excessive virtual engagement may weaken real-life social skills. Also, being anonymous online makes cyberbullying more likely. Still, mental health issues can’t be blamed solely on social media, as multiple factors play a role. The key, therefore, is to develop healthy online habits (or cyber wellness).“To be cyber well on social media is to strike a healthy balance between online and offline activities,” says Mrs Low-Lim, a member of the Media Literacy Council. A person’s daily living and social functioning should not be affected by social media. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As a graphic designer, Ms. Yu went through her bumpy teen years on social media and benefited a lot from it. But later she experienced and overcame the feeling of self-doubt caused by the use of social media. Her experience proves that social media is a double-edged sword, and the key is to use it wisely. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，作为一名平面设计师，余女士在社交媒体上度过了坎坷的青少年时期，并从中受益匪浅。但后来她经历并克服了因使用社交媒体而产生的自我怀疑感。她的经验证明，社交媒体是一把双刃剑，关键是要明智地使用它。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Like other millennials, Ms. Yu, a graphic designer, went through her bumpy teen years amid the rise of first-wave social media such as Friendster and Myspace. ②About three years ago, however, she started feeling less rosy about social media. ③Her experience highlights the double-edged nature of social media.  ④The key, therefore, is to develop healthy online habits (or cyber wellness). 2.缜密构思： 将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 As a graphic designer, Ms. Yu went through her bumpy teen years on social media and benefited a lot from it. But later she experienced and overcame the feeling of self-doubt caused by the use of social media. Her experience proves that social media is a double-edged sword, and the key is to use it wisely. 【点睛】[高分句型1] But later she experienced and overcame the feeling of self-doubt caused by the use of social media.（运用了过去分词caused作后置定语） [高分句型2] Her experience proves that social media is a double-edged sword, and the key is to use it wisely.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这座跨海大桥在落日映衬下多么壮丽啊! (against) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________ 【答案】How magnificent this cross-sea bridge is against the setting sun! 【解析】 【详解】考查感叹句、介词短语和时态。“……多么壮丽啊!”是一个感叹句，可译为“How magnificent+主语+谓语!”；主语“这座跨海大桥”用名词短语this cross-sea bridge；句子陈述事实，用一般现在时态，主语为单数，谓语动词用is；状语“在落日映衬下”用介词短语against the setting sun。综上，全句译为：How magnificent this cross-sea bridge is against the setting sun! 53. 每天抽几分钟跳绳，就能提升心肺功能。（spare）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 【答案】Spare a few minutes every day for skipping rope, and you will be able to improve your cardiopulmonary function. 【解析】 【详解】考查祈使句型、动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子提示词可知，该句采用 “祈使句 + and + 陈述句”的结构，表示“每天抽几分钟跳绳”应为动词短语Spare a few minutes every day for skipping rope；结合句意，可知and之后的陈述句主语应该使用you，表示“能够做某事”应为动词短语be able to do，陈述将来发生的事情，为一般将来时，即you will be able to；表示“提升心肺功能”应为动词短语improve your cardiopulmonary function，放在动词不定式符号to后。故翻译为：Spare a few minutes every day for skipping rope, and you will be able to improve your cardiopulmonary function. 54. 木雕技艺经久不衰，全靠匠人们精益求精、代代相传。（appeal）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 【答案】The enduring appeal of woodcarving craftsmanship lies in the craftsmen’s pursuit of excellence and its inheritance from generation to generation. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“木雕工艺经久不衰的魅力”应为名词短语The enduring appeal of woodcarving craftsmanship；表示“源于”应为动词短语lie in，该句应为陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，主语是单数，lie用第三人称单数形式lies；表示“工匠对卓越的追求”应为名词短语the craftsmen’s pursuit of excellence；表示“它的传承代代相传”应为名词短语its inheritance from generation to generation；两个并列的名词短语用and连接，作介词in的宾语。故翻译为：The enduring appeal of woodcarving craftsmanship lies in the craftsmen’s pursuit of excellence and its inheritance from generation to generation. 55. 每周三下午，各班轮流打理小花园，从松土到浇水，同学们在挥洒汗水中感受劳作的乐趣和协作的力量。(where) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________ 【答案】Every Wednesday afternoon, each class takes turns tending the small garden, where students sweat from loosening the soil to watering plants, experiencing the joy of labor and the power of cooperation. 【解析】 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句、固定短语和非谓语动词。表示“每周三下午”短语为every Wednesday afternoon，作状语；take turns doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“轮流做某事”，tend是动词，意为“打理，照料”，描述每周固定发生的事情，时态用一般现在时，因此表示“各班轮流打理小花园”用each class takes turns tending the small garden；此处用loosen和wate表示“松动”和“浇水”，跟在介词from后，用动名词形式作宾语，因此“从松土到浇水”为from loosening the soil to watering plants，表示“挥洒汗水”用动词sweat；此处用where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the small garden；表示“感受劳作的乐趣和协作的力量”短语为experience the joy of labor and the power of cooperation，用现在分词experiencing，作伴随状语。故翻译为Every Wednesday afternoon, each class takes turns tending the small garden, where students sweat from loosening the soil to watering plants, experiencing the joy of labor and the power of cooperation. V. Guided Writing Directions: 56. Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生王华，你的英国好友Thomas将作为交换生到你校学习，他对“生涯规划”系列活动颇有兴趣，想参加其中一个论坛(forum)。请你给他写一封邮件，从下面海报中推荐一个论坛并谈谈推荐理由。 Planning your future 时间 论坛主题 主讲人 Jan.10 13:00-15:00 探索职业兴趣 Discover career interests 生涯导师 Career tutor Jan.11 9:00-11:00 高效管理时间 Manage time effectively 学生代表 Student representative Jan.11 13:00-15:00 建立友好关系 Build good relationships 心理老师 Psychology teacher （文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称） ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Thomas, I was thrilled to hear about your interest in our “Planning Your Future” series! Given that you’ll soon be adjusting to life and studies at Mingqi High School, I’d especially recommend the forum on “Build Good Relationships”. While all the topics are valuable, building connections is truly the foundation for a successful and enjoyable exchange experience. This forum, led by our approachable psychology teacher, will provide practical strategies for making friends, understanding cultural nuances in communication, and seeking support when needed. Starting your journey with strong interpersonal skills will not only ease your transition but also enrich your learning in all other areas, including time management and career exploration later on. It would be a great first step to feel at home here. Let me know if you’d like me to join you! I look forward to your arrival. Best regards, Wang Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以学生王华的身份，给英国交换生Thomas写邮件，从“生涯规划”系列活动中推荐一个论坛并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 推荐：recommend → propose 调整，适应：adjust → adap 实用的：practical →functional 缓解：ease → alleviate 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Starting your journey with strong interpersonal skills will not only ease your transition but also enrich your learning in all other areas, including time management and career exploration later on. 拓展句：Beginning your exchange journey with excellent interpersonal abilities can make your adaptation smoother and enhance your studies in various fields, including time management and career exploration later on. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This forum, led by our approachable psychology teacher, will provide practical strategies for making friends, understanding cultural nuances in communication, and seeking support when needed.(运用了过去分词短语作后置定语) 【高分句型2】Starting your journey with strong interpersonal skills will not only ease your transition but also enrich your learning in all other areas, including time management and career exploration later on. (运用了动名词短语作主语以及“not only...but also...”连接两个并列结构) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 浦东新区2025学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测 高三英语试卷 （考试时间：105分钟 满分：115分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Pen names Did you know that Lewis Carroll, best known as the writer of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, was really named Charles Lutwidge Dodgson? This is just one of the fascinating facts ____1____ (find) in Pen Names, a new book by Adrian Scott. Exploring the world of literary pseudonyms (笔名) from the 19th century to the present day, Pen Names seeks to understand and highlight some of history’s most interesting pen names and uncover the motivations behind them. ____2____ (consist) of just under 140 pages, the book is a manageable work and begins with a detailed introduction of the literary pseudonym’s history. Scott outlines from the start of his book that the decision to use pen names usually ____3____ (fall) into one of two categories: to fit in or stand out. ____4____ to protect an author’s identity or to increase their appeal to readers, literary pseudonyms became commonplace from the 1800s onwards. Pen names takes us through the reasoning of individual writers as they developed and used a pen name to author their work. Some of these literary figures are surprisingly well-known under their own names but chose ____5____ (publish) some work under a second name. Charles Dickens, for example, wrote under the name Boz. A more recent example included is the publishing of novels which ____6____ (credit) to the pen name Robert Galbraith but were actually written by Harry Potter author JK Rowling. ____7____ all the case studies in Pen Names, the most interesting ones are those of authors who created public images for their pseudonym or even, in some instances, welcomed them as an entirely new identity. A particularly remarkable example is Scottish writer William Sharp, ____8____ came to see his pen name Fiona Macleod as a “demonstration of a different, female side of his nature.” Ultimately, ____9____ this book questions is whether it’s important to know and understand the identities of authors behind their pen names. According to Scott’s work, although it’s important in some cases, it’s a fascinating exercise to uncover the lives and motivations of these authors, especially of (10) _____10_____ we think we know so well. A clear and well-researched book, Pen Names is an engaging and informative work that explores an interesting literary tradition. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. activated B. combined C. drives D. informed E. overrides F. previously G. readily H. stimulating I. survival J. underlying K. unfamiliar The six human hungers At the heart of food psychology lies a powerful question: Why do we eat what we eat? This question has led to a discovery ____11____ my entire conceptual framework of health and eating: the six human hungers. In observing behaviors and common struggles around food, I noticed most eating decisions weren’t purely based on physical hunger. Instead, they often arose from a complex combination of psychological, biological and emotional ____12____ that didn’t always reflect the body’s actual needs. This realization revealed a critical insight: What we often think of as “hunger” can actually be ____13____ by any of six distinct motivations: from nutritional needs to emotional needs, which has the power to influence when, what and how much we eat. Understanding which of these hungers is at play allows you to reclaim control over your eating choices so you can make intentional and ____14____ decisions rather than simply responding to impulses (冲动). These hungers determine our eating patterns, and their influence only intensifies when several of them are triggered at once. When three or more happen at the same time, the extreme hunger is nearly impossible to resist because it engages an ancient ____15____ instinct: as hunger grows, so does our urgency and adaptability in choosing foods. Prolonged hunger might have driven our ancestors to hunt more dangerous game or to experiment with ____16____ plants — a strategy that, while risky, was sometimes safer than facing starvation. This instinct to eat what was available may have saved lives in times of food shortage, but in today’s world of sufficient, ____17____ accessible food, it often works against us. This is a key reason why so many diets fail. Although they’re often poorly nourished (滋养), people attempt to adopt restrictive diets. Before long, intensified hunger ____18____ self-discipline, pushing them to make poor food choices. Feelings of guilt or shame may follow, ironically (讽刺地) ____19____ even more consumption and creating a cycle of overeating and self-blame. Generally speaking, each of the six hungers can affect us independently, but when multiple types of hunger are active, their ____20____ force can overcome even the strongest willpower. Next, we’ll look at the six human hungers as well as how to respond to each effectively, a new approach to navigating your relationship with food. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Have you ever felt nervous or ashamed to take time off work to care for your mental health? Emily Carter, a writer based in New York, recently posed a similar question online, inspired by Mira Kelton, who unexpectedly ____21____ from Olympic events to protect her psychological well-being. “It was ____22____ to many people,” Carter noted in an interview, “because the prevailing (盛行的) mentality is to be strong and push through the pain.” The responses revealed a troubling pattern: due to ____23____ and professional concerns, numerous employees feel pressured to hide their need for mental health leave. This ____24____ hesitation points to a significant gap in workplace support systems that urgently needs to be addressed. While the term “sad day”— often used to refer to a mental health day — lacks an official definition, it generally means paid leave taken from sick days. It allows employees who aren’t feeling like themselves to ____25____, engage in meaningful activities, or simply take a break from daily stressors. To put it mildly, a “sad day” offers only a temporary ____26____ and is not a fix for deeper issues. ____27____, sometimes a short break can make a substantial difference. Recognizing the need for such time off is not always straightforward. According to Elena Stribling, president of the advocacy group Mental Health America, the signs can be ____28____.These may include shifts in mood, slight drops in productivity or difficulty concentrating. Nevertheless, if left unaddressed, these early ____29____ can evolve into severe health issues. Once you’ve decided to take a mental health day, the next question is how to ____30____ your decision. Your relationship with your manager will largely determine how open you can be about your reasons. Stribling warned that anxiety or guilt can sometimes lead to ____31____. In most cases, experts advise simply stating that you need to take a sick day without going into detail. “Not everybody values mental health,” added Andrew Parker, a clinical psychologist at Riverside Medical Center in Belmont, Mass. “Unless you’ re close with your supervisor, it is a(n) ____32____ to present your specific needs.” Finally, how you use “sad days” matters. Reflect on what has led you to this point: Do your personal relationships need attention? Are you exhausted from your workload and in need of ____33____? It may be a mix of several factors. Whatever you do, don’t spend the day ____34____ work messages or feeling guilty. As Stribling emphasized, “Self-care is not a selfish act. People who are selfless to the point of ____35____ end up burning out.” 21. A. recovered B. withdrew C. benefited D. suffered 22. A. convincing B. shocking C. challenging D. inspiring 23. A. dishonesty B. disinterest C. disgrace D. disorder 24. A. collective B. sudden C. intentional D. brief 25. A. step back B. take off C. pass out D. break down 26. A. resolution B. exercise C. calling D. relief 27. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Thus 28. A. unclear B. external C. imaginary D. evident 29. A. conflicts B. habits C. warnings D. attempts 30. A. communicate B. advocate C. enrich D. delay 31. A. over-reacting B. over-working C. over-sharing D. over-estimating 32. A. duty B. risk C. honor D. priority 33. A. challenge B. praise C. disconnection D. promotion 34. A. deleting B. leaking C. treasuring D. checking 35. A. self-sacrifice B. self-awareness C. self-defense D. self-control Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Back in 2008 when I was working as a professional astronomer, I was granted two nights on a big telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. I remember arriving at the peak of the volcano at dusk, very excited about this incredible opportunity. I went into the brightly lit telescope control room, plugged in my laptop and started preparing for the night of taking data. When it was dawn, I emerged into the sunrise, sleepy-eyed and ready for dinner... or was it breakfast? It was only years later that I realized I’d been to the peak of Mauna Kea and I hadn’t looked up at the night sky with my eyes even once. I now see this disappointing situation was representative of a deeper state of mental difficulty that had affected me like a long, slow sunset. Over my years of immersion (沉浸) in the academic environment, I’d become lost in the world of ideas, disconnected from an emotional, direct experience, and from the wonder and passion that had drawn me into astronomy in the first place. I’ve come to understand that this situation isn’t unique to me. These are typical symptoms of the modern world. So many of us live increasingly disconnected from nature — in the day and nighttime — often lost in the world of ideas, plans or anxieties, with our attention rarely in the here and now. Astrophysics was what led me into the world of ideas and facts, but it was ultimately stargazing in a mindful way that showed me the way back to a more balanced state of mental wellbeing and the wonder of my subjective, very human perspective. When we look with wide-eyed curiosity, rather than being preoccupied with facts and expectations, it encourages a state of wonder, which leads to awe. Studies have shown feeling awe on a regular basis is deeply beneficial to our mental health, because it helps us feel connected to something bigger than our everyday view of ourselves. Suddenly, our worries aren’t quite so all important and we start to see ourselves from a different perspective. It’s so easy to think that we’re looking up at the stars. But the truth is we’re in them — made of them, inseparable from them. You have grown out of, and are living as part of, this Universe. True, looking at it one way you’re a tiny, seemingly insignificant piece of dust on a remote planet in an unremarkable solar system. But from another perspective, you’re an integral part of the Universe experiencing itself through you own eyes, ears and thoughts. For me, this view has facilitated a complete transformation of my mental health and whole life. 36. The author felt a sense of _________ the moment he arrived at Mauna Kea. A. tiredness B. regret C. anticipation D. uniqueness 37. The common problem of the modern world is caused by _________. A. man’s separation from nature and the present B. the wonder about and passion for our careers C. our failure to observe the sky with naked eyes D. years of absorption in endless academic debates 38. How can we carry out “mindful stargazing”? A. By holding fast to science facts and figures. B. By observing stars through an advanced telescope. C. By integrating expectations and views of ourselves. D. By sensing the starry night in an open-minded way. 39. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Stargazing from dusk to dawn B. Seeing in a new light C. Mysterious-looking universe D. Awe-inspiring career (B) Hillside Animal Shelter was founded in 1995 to help and campaign for animals in need, particularly those suffering every day in the intensive factory farming industry. We are home to 2500 rescued horses, ponies and donkeys, 750 cows, 300 pigs, 850 sheep and goats, and lots of other animals including dogs and deer, and we need your help. 40. You can scan the QR code on the poster to _________. A. book a visit to tour around the shelter B. know about the shelter’s opening hours C. order the shelter’s New Year cards quickly D. offer financial support through a credit card 41. David has saved £15 to buy a gift for friends and contribute to animal feed. Which plan best meets his goals? A. One “Hillside 2026 Calendar” and one “Large Round Hay Bale”. B. One pack of “20 ‘Winter Magic’ Festive Cards” and one “Standard Hay Bale”. C. Three “Standard Hay Bales” and request some “Hillside Leaflets to Distribute”. D. One “Hillside 2026 Calendar” and one pack of “20 ‘Winter Wilds’ New Year Cards”. 42. This leaflet is intended to _________. A. promote a new line of festive gifts B. hire volunteers to feed farm animals C. raise funds to care for rescued animals D. encourage donations for horses in winter (C) It all adds up Whether it’s enemy tanks in battle, animals in the wild or cutlery (餐具) in a busy canteen, it is difficult to count objects that are moving around. Luckily, there is a technique that can estimate how many there are of something without requiring you to count every single one. The capture-recapture method involves getting a sample — waiting for some animals to wander by, for instance, then collecting some — marking the individuals distinctively, then releasing them back into the population. After some time has passed, you repeat the process to pick another group of animals and count how many of them are already marked. If you captured, say, 50 animals initially and marked them all, then on your recapture step you found half the animals you saw were marked, this tells you something about the whole population. Since half the sample is marked, this implies that half of the whole population is marked — so there must be about 100 individuals. This can give a reasonably accurate estimate of a population, without having to find and count every single member of it. During the second world war, some statisticians wanted to determine how many tanks the German army was producing. Captured tanks couldn’t be re-released, but, as tank components are marked with serial numbers, another approach allowed them to make an estimate. They logged the serial numbers of all captured tanks, working on the assumption that they were numbered in a fixed order and randomly distributed. If the largest serial number in your data is L and the number of captured tanks is n, one estimate for the total number of tanks is given by L+L/n. This is known as the German tank problem in statistics. One of my favourite population estimation stories was told to me by a teacher friend, who tasked her students with estimating the number of forks in the school canteen — impossible to count as, at any given time, a number will be in use and others will be in the wash. Her class “captured” a set of forks and marked each one with a drop of nail polish, then released them back into the population. A week later, they recaptured another sample population and used it to make an estimate of the total number of forks. Researchers performed a similar experiment 20 years ago to shame people into returning lab property. A worrying number of teaspoons were going missing in their lab, so they marked a set of spoons before releasing them, studying their movements and publishing the results. It turns out science is effective thanks to the publication of the paper. 43. Which of the following graph best illustrates the capture-recapture method?（marked ） A. B. C. D. 44. In order to estimate the production of German tanks, statisticians need to know the _________. A fixed order in which German tanks were numbered B. smallest and largest serial numbers of captured tanks C average of the serial numbers of all the tanks in a battle D. total of the captured tanks and their largest serial number 45. What can you infer about the final result of the teaspoon experiment? A. The missing teaspoons were equal to the released teaspoons. B. Scientists proposed an effective technique to count numbers. C. Missing teaspoons were sheepishly returned by spoon stealers. D. Researcher worked out the total of the missing forks in the lab. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. Mysteries solved by capturing animals. B. The origin of a mathematical technique. C. A trick helping you count moving objects. D. Distinct occasions adding to difficulty in life. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Keeping cool as a winter melon? After a heavy summer afternoon of picking vegetables in the garden, my daughter and I were hanging out on the couch. She had picked a particularly large cucumber and was really proud of it, telling me how cold it felt. Of course, the phrase “cool as a cucumber” came up. Then my cousin said something very interesting: “Oh, that must be an American thing. In China, we don’t use cucumbers. _____47_____” “Wait, what?” I was obviously confused as to why melons would be hugged. But then my cousin explained that long before modern cooling devices like air conditioners or electric fans, hugging winter melon, a vegetable native to China, was a practical way to beat the summer heat while sleeping. _____48_____ Winter melons, with their massive size and thick skin, retain (保持) a cool temperature even in hot weather. Often stored in cool places, they absorb and retain up to 96 percent water, which means they resist heating up quickly, staying refreshingly cool to the touch even on the hottest days. Back then, for ordinary people, a winter melon could double as a natural cooling pad to which the body transferred excess heat to, providing relief from sticky, uncomfortable nights. This practice endures because many believe it’s a gentler, more natural alternative to modern cooling methods. _____49_____ And compared to fans, which blow air directly onto the body, the melon’s coolness is passive and gentle. And yes winter melons are used for more than just hugs. In Chinese cuisine, they’re often used in dishes as they absorb the flavours of soups and seasonings, making them a common addition to soups. _____50_____ Also, in traditional Chinese medicine, they’re valued for their cooling properties, which are thought to help balance the body’s internal heat. To find a full-sized, whole winter melon to hug, head to a farmers’ market. There, you’ll surely find one that holds enough coolness to make this ancient trick feel just as effective today as it was centuries ago. A. In ancient times, you hugged cucumbers to stay cool, which was a common practice. B. The reasoning behind it is rooted in the melon’s physical properties. C. Their mildness balances rich ingredients — winter melon and pork soup is a classic example. D. Therefore, I had to look into the agricultural practice further through a quick online search. E. Unlike air conditioners, a winter melon provides a mild coolness that’s less likely to cause discomfort for kids. F. We hug winter melons to stay cool on hot summer days. III. Summary Writing Directions: 51. Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Social media posts Like other millennials, Ms. Yu, a graphic designer, went through her bumpy teen years amid the rise of first-wave social media such as Friendster and Myspace. “Social media was very interesting and fresh to me, as it was a convenient way to connect with others,” she recalls. About three years ago, however, she started feeling less rosy about social media. “I was spending so much time taking photos to post online, hoping to get positive comments. I would be embarrassed if I received few ‘likes’ for my posts. I would ask myself, ‘Why did more people like someone else’s posts but not mine? Are my posts not good enough? Am I not good enough?’” Ms. Yu was eventually able to overcome her self-doubt by cutting back on time spent on social media, and using it only in cases where it would potentially boost rather than weaken her confidence. Her experience highlights the double-edged nature of social media. Clinical Psychologist Ms. Michelle Tan notes that it can be a powerful tool for relieving social isolation and loneliness. Online communities provide emotional support often helping users turn online connections with like-minded people into real-life friendships. They can also serve as a motivational tool for achieving goals like quitting smoking or getting in shape. On the other hand, it could invite negative social comparisons with other online users and lower a person’s self-worth. Excessive virtual engagement may weaken real-life social skills. Also, being anonymous online makes cyberbullying more likely. Still, mental health issues can’t be blamed solely on social media, as multiple factors play a role. The key, therefore, is to develop healthy online habits (or cyber wellness).“To be cyber well on social media is to strike a healthy balance between online and offline activities,” says Mrs Low-Lim, a member of the Media Literacy Council. A person’s daily living and social functioning should not be affected by social media. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这座跨海大桥在落日映衬下多么壮丽啊! (against) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________ 53. 每天抽几分钟跳绳，就能提升心肺功能。（spare）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 54. 木雕技艺经久不衰，全靠匠人们精益求精、代代相传。（appeal）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 55. 每周三下午，各班轮流打理小花园，从松土到浇水，同学们在挥洒汗水中感受劳作的乐趣和协作的力量。(where) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing Directions: 56. Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生王华，你的英国好友Thomas将作为交换生到你校学习，他对“生涯规划”系列活动颇有兴趣，想参加其中一个论坛(forum)。请你给他写一封邮件，从下面海报中推荐一个论坛并谈谈推荐理由。 Planning your future 时间 论坛主题 主讲人 Jan.10 13:00-15:00 探索职业兴趣 Discover career interests 生涯导师 Career tutor Jan.11 9:00-11:00 高效管理时间 Manage time effectively 学生代表 Student representative Jan.11 13:00-15:00 建立友好关系 Build good relationships 心理老师 Psychology teacher （文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称） ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $