内容正文:
Unit 3 My School 核心语法考点+2023-2025中考真题分层汇编一、一、where引导的特殊疑问句
核心语法要点
· 功能定位:专门用于询问人、物或场所的具体地理位置,疑问词where为疑问副词,无词形变化。
· 核心结构:
① 主语是单数可数名词或不可数名词:Where + is + 主语(+ 其他成分)?
② 主语是复数可数名词:Where + are + 主语(+ 其他成分)?
· 答语规范:
① 直接回应:用介词短语(如in the classroom、under the tree)或完整句子(含主语+地点状语)回答,无需Yes/No。
② 代词替代:为避免重复,答语中常用it/they指代问句中的单数/复数主语。
③ 否定回应:若不清楚位置,可回答“Sorry, I don’t know.”。
· 句型转换:对陈述句中的地点状语提问时,直接用where替换地点短语,将be动词提到主语前,其余部分保持陈述语序。
基础题(2023-2025中考真题)
1. (2023·四川眉山)— ________ is the dining hall? — It’s next to the art building.
A. What B. Where C. How D. When
答案:B
解析:答语明确指出餐厅的位置(艺术楼旁边),用where提问地点;what询问事物,how询问方式,when询问时间,故选B。
2. (2024·浙江宁波)— Where ________ your English book? — It’s in my schoolbag.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
答案:A
解析:主语your English book是单数,be动词用is;am仅用于第一人称I,are用于复数主语,be为原形不可直接使用,故选A。
3. (2025·云南曲靖)— Where ________ the keys? — They are on the table.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
答案:B
解析:主语the keys是复数,be动词用are;has/have表示“拥有”,不用于询问位置的疑问句,故选B。
4. (2023·甘肃兰州)— ________ is your pencil? — It’s under the chair.
A. Who B. What C. Where D. Which
答案:C
解析:答语是具体位置(椅子下),用where提问;who询问人,what询问事物,which询问“哪一个”,故选C。
5. (2024·广西梧州)My schoolbag is on the desk.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ your schoolbag?
答案:Where is
解析:划线部分是地点状语(在书桌上),用where提问,主语my schoolbag是单数,be动词用is,故填Where is。
中等题(2023-2025中考真题)
1. (2024·江苏泰州)— Where ________ Lucy and her sister? — They are in the library.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
答案:C
解析:主语Lucy and her sister是复数,be动词用are;am用于I,is用于单数主语,be为原形不可直接使用,故选C。
2. (2025·湖北黄石)The teachers’ office is across from the playground.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the teachers’ office?
答案:Where is
解析:划线部分是地点状语(操场对面),用where提问,主语the teachers’ office是单数,be动词用is,故填Where is。
3. (2023·山东枣庄)— Where ________ the students? — They are having a PE class on the sports field.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
答案:B
解析:主语the students是复数,be动词用are;have/has表“拥有”,不符合“询问学生位置”的语境,故选B。
4. (2024·四川宜宾)His dictionary is in the bookcase.(改为一般疑问句并回答)
— ________ ________ his dictionary? — ________, it’s on the desk.
答案:Where is;No
解析:原句是陈述句,变特殊疑问句用where提问,主语his dictionary是单数,be动词用is;结合答语“在书桌上”可知是否定回应,故填Where is;No。
5. (2025·浙江丽水中考)— Where ________ the map of China? — Sorry, I don’t know.
A. are B. is C. have D. has
答案:B
解析:主语the map of China是单数,be动词用is;have/has表“拥有”,不用于位置提问,故选B。
提升题(2023-2025中考真题)
1. (2025·福建龙岩)The computers are in the computer room.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the computers?
答案:Where are
解析:划线部分是地点状语(电脑室里),用where提问,主语the computers是复数,be动词用are,故填Where are。
2. (2023·四川达州)— Where ________ the flowers? — They are on the teacher’s desk.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
答案:C
解析:主语the flowers是复数,be动词用are;am用于I,is用于单数主语,be为原形不可直接使用,故选C。
3. (2024·湖北荆州)— Where ________ your brother and his friends? — They are playing basketball in the gym.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
答案:B
解析:主语your brother and his friends是复数,be动词用are;have/has表“拥有”,不符合“询问正在活动的人的位置”的语境,故选B。
4. (2025·辽宁营口)My English teacher’s office is on the second floor.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ your English teacher’s office?
答案:Where is
解析:划线部分是地点状语(二楼),用where提问,主语your English teacher’s office是单数,be动词用is,故填Where is。
5. (2023·河北邯郸)— Where ________ the football? — It’s not in the classroom. Maybe it’s on the playground.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
答案:A
解析:主语the football是单数,be动词用is;have/has表“拥有”,不用于询问物品位置,故选A。
二、there be句型
核心语法要点
· 本质功能:表示“某地存在某物/某人”,强调客观存在,与表示“某人拥有某物”的have/has句型形成区别。
· 基本结构:
① 单数主语(可数名词单数/不可数名词):There is + 主语(+ 地点状语);
② 复数主语(可数名词复数):There are + 主语(+ 地点状语)。
· 主谓一致(就近原则):当主语包含两个及以上并列名词时,be动词的单复数由离它最近的名词决定。
· 句型转换:
① 否定句:在be动词后加not,some改为any(或用no + 名词),即“There is/are not + any + 主语”或“There is/are no + 主语”;
② 一般疑问句:将be动词提到句首,some改为any,句末加问号;肯定答语为“Yes, there is/are.”,否定答语为“No, there isn’t/aren’t.”;
③ 特殊疑问句:疑问词(What/How many等)+ be动词 + there + 地点状语?
· 与have/has的核心区别:
① there be:某地有某物(客观存在),无生命主语;
② have/has:某人/某物拥有某物(从属关系),有生命/无生命主语均可,三单主语用has,其余用have。
基础题(2023-2025中考真题)
1. (2023·河北邯郸)— Is there a gym in your school? — ________. It’s next to the dining hall.
A. Yes, there is B. No, there isn’t C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn’t
答案:A
解析:问句是there be句型的一般疑问句,答语需用there呼应,结合后句“在餐厅旁边”可知为肯定回答,故选A。
2. (2024·四川宜宾)There ________ some milk in the glass. It’s fresh.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
答案:A
解析:主语milk是不可数名词,be动词用is;there be句型不与have/has连用,故选A。
3. (2025·浙江丽水中考)There ________ two desks and a chair in the room.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
答案:B
解析:there be句型遵循就近原则,靠近be动词的主语two desks是复数,故用are;have/has不与there连用,故选B。
4. (2023·甘肃兰州)— Are there any books on the desk? — ________. They are all in the bookcase.
A. Yes, there are B. No, there aren’t C. Yes, they are D. No, they aren’t
答案:B
解析:问句是there be句型的一般疑问句,答语需用there呼应,结合后句“都在书架里”可知为否定回答,故选B。
5. (2024·广西梧州)There ________ a pen and some pencils in the pencil box.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
答案:A
解析:there be句型遵循就近原则,靠近be动词的主语a pen是单数,故用is;have/has不与there连用,故选A。
6. (2025·云南曲靖)There ________ some bread on the plate. You can eat it.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
答案:A
解析:主语bread是不可数名词,be动词用is;there be句型不与have/has连用,故选A。
7. (2023·山东枣庄)There are some apples in the basket.(改为否定句)
There ________ ________ apples in the basket.
答案:aren’t any
解析:原句是there be句型的肯定句,变否定句在are后加not(缩写为aren’t),some变any,故填aren’t any。
8. (2024·江苏泰州)There is a reading corner in our classroom.(改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ a reading corner in your classroom?
答案:Is there
解析:原句是there be句型的肯定句,变一般疑问句将is提到句首,my改为your,故填Is there。
中等题(2023-2025中考真题)
1. (2024·湖北黄石)There ________ a book, two pens and three notebooks on the desk.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
答案:A
解析:there be句型遵循就近原则,靠近be动词的主语a book是单数,故用is;have/has不与there连用,故选A。
2. (2025·福建龙岩)There are some trees in front of the school.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
— ________ ________ any trees in front of the school? — ________, ________ ________.
答案:Are there;No, there aren’t
解析:原句是there be句型的肯定句,变一般疑问句将are提到句首,some变any;否定答语需用there aren’t呼应,故填Are there;No, there aren’t。
3. (2023·四川达州)There is some water in the bottle.(改为否定句)
There ________ ________ water in the bottle.
答案:isn’t any
解析:原句是there be句型的肯定句,主语water是不可数名词,变否定句在is后加not(缩写为isn’t),some变any,故填isn’t any。
4. (2024·浙江宁波)— How many students ________ in your class? — There are forty.
A. are there B. there are C. have D. has
答案:A
解析:how many用于询问可数名词复数的数量,后接there be句型的一般疑问句结构(are there);there are是陈述语序,have/has表“拥有”,故选A。
5. (2025·辽宁营口)There ________ some fish in the river. They are very beautiful.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
答案:B
解析:主语fish此处为可数名词复数(单复数同形),be动词用are;have/has不与there连用,故选B。
6. (2023·河北唐山)There is a big tree behind the classroom.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ behind the classroom?
答案:What is
解析:划线部分是存在的事物(一棵大树),用what提问,be动词用is,故填What is。
7. (2024·四川绵阳)There are no chairs in the room.(改为同义句)
There ________ ________ chairs in the room.
答案:aren’t any
解析:no + 名词 = not any + 名词,原句是复数主语,be动词用are,否定形式为aren’t,故填aren’t any。
提升题(2023-2025中考真题)
1. (2025·湖北荆州)There ________ a sports meeting in our school next Friday.
A. is going to be B. is going to have C. will have D. will has
答案:A
解析:there be句型的一般将来时结构为“There is/are going to be”或“There will be”,不能与have/has连用;主语a sports meeting是单数,故用is going to be,故选A。
2. (2023·山东青岛)— Is there any furniture in the new house? — ________. There is a sofa, a table and two beds.
A. Yes, there is B. No, there isn’t C. Yes, there are D. No, there aren’t
答案:A
解析:furniture是不可数名词,there be句型中用is;结合后句“有沙发、桌子和两张床”可知为肯定回答,故选A。
3. (2024·广西梧州)There ________ a lot of rain in this city last year.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
答案:C
解析:主语rain是不可数名词,且last year表示过去时,be动词用was;are/were用于复数主语,is用于一般现在时,故选C。
4. (2025·江苏泰州)There ________ two classrooms and a library in the teaching building.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
答案:B
解析:there be句型遵循就近原则,靠近be动词的主语two classrooms是复数,故用are;have/has不与there连用,故选B。
5. (2023·四川宜宾)I have a new bike.(用there be句型改同义句)
________ ________ a new bike for me.
答案:There is
解析:原句表示“我有一辆新自行车”,用there be句型表达“有一辆新自行车给我”,主语a new bike是单数,be动词用is,故填There is。
6. (2024·浙江丽水中考)— How many books ________ in the library? — There are over ten thousand.
A. are there B. there are C. have D. has
答案:A
解析:how many用于询问可数名词复数的数量,后接there be句型的一般疑问句结构(are there);there are是陈述语序,have/has表“拥有”,故选A。
7. (2025·福建龙岩)There ________ no time left. We must hurry up.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
答案:A
解析:主语time是不可数名词,be动词用is;there be句型不与have/has连用,故选A。
8. (2023·甘肃兰州)There was a small river near my home when I was a child.(改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ a small river near your home when you were a child?
答案:Was there
解析:原句是there be句型的一般过去时,变一般疑问句将was提到句首,my改为your,故填Was there。
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