Unit 3 Creativity（单元测试·提升卷）英语沪教版选择性必修第二册

2025-2026学年高二选择性必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 3 ·提升卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At 5:30. B. At 5:45. C. At 5:15. D. At 5:00. 2. A. At a station. B. In a shop. C. In a restaurant. D. At a hospital. 3. A. He can't give the woman a lift. B. He' ll see the woman after his appointment. C. He has already been to the engineering building. D. He can't meet the woman at the engineering building. 4. A. Their holiday plans. B. The school calendar. C. Their travel destinations. D. Parent-child relationship. 5. A. Spend more time outdoors. B. Try hard to get to bed earlier. C. Take short naps during the day. D. Stay indoors until he feels better. 6. A. He may eat nothing before taking the pills. B. He may not be able to wake up on time. C. He doesn't like to take pills. D. He may feel better soon. 7. A. He'd like some help at the baggage counter. B. He doesn't know the woman ahead of him. C. He was permitted to carry one extra bag. D. He has only one piece of luggage. 8. A. Lend the man some money. B. Go to the bank. C. Get some cash. D. Check when the man will be paid. 9. A. He went to a Chinese restaurant. B. He took a chess class. C. He played football with some boys. D. He cooked with a local family. 10. A. Such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month. B. It is typical December weather for this region. C. There has never been much snow down South. D. It won't snow until the end of December. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. To give an assignment for the next class. B. To change students' approach to writing. C. To point out an example of good writing. D. To review material covered in an earlier lecture. 12. A. To improve overall effectiveness. B. To make smooth shifts between ideas. C. To correct spelling and grammar. D. To add more specific details and examples. 13. A. They will make a habit of revising their papers. B. They will become inspired to write poetry. C. They will become more interested in keeping diaries. D. They will develop a negative attitude toward long papers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A new pattern of dolphin's life. B. An ambitious behaviour of dolphins. C. Dolphins’ social skills. D. Dolphins' living areas. 15. A. They played near the ocean's surface. B. They socialized with other dolphins. C. They protected their eyes with seaweed. D. They hunted with some tools. 16. A. Intentional. B. Accidental. C. Useless. D. Dangerous. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The popularity of a computer game among high school students. B. The advantages of using smartphones for studying. C. The features and appeal of a newly-built library. D. The benefits of studying in a library. 18. A. They are perfect for group projects. B. They are only for individual studying. C. They are reserved for teachers. D. They are used for storing books. 19. A. VR equipment. B. New computers. C. Comfortable seating areas. D. A cinema with 3D equipment. 20. A. The atmosphere for learning. B. The smartphone chargers. C. The artificial lighting. D. The noise level. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It’s a Friday morning in Boston, which means Dr. Jim O’Connell is making his rounds. He might be more comfortable inside an exam room, but that’s not where his patients are. O’Connell is one of a handful of physicians making house calls to the homeless in the city. More than 550,000 Americans are homeless, and many have health problems but no access to care. O’Connell and his team, 21 (make) up of psychiatrists, internists, a nurse practitioner, a case manager, and a recovery coach, are doing something about it. They spend their days walking around 22 the homeless live—in parks, under bridges, and on the outskirts of town. They treat about 700 regular patients. During these rounds, O’Connell 23 usually sees about 20 patients. He knows where most of them sleep and whom to ask 24 they are missing. “I feel like I’m a country doctor in the middle of the city, you know?” he said. O’Connell went to Harvard Medical School and was on his way to a prestigious oncology (肿瘤学) fellowship when his chief suggested he 25 (take) what was supposed to be a one-year position as the founding physician of a new health-care program for Boston’s homeless. That turned into a 33-year career at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, one of the country’s 26 (large) of its kind. “You realize, ‘You know what, I’m just a doctor. And what I can do is I can get to know you and ease your suffering, just 27 I would as an oncologist,’” O’Connell said. “You could not find 28 more grateful population.” And his patients are grateful. “This man is unbelievable!” one remarked. “He’s like Jesus,” another added. When asked about 29 his life might have turned out had he become a highly paid oncologist, O’Connell said, “I never think about it anymore.” Some things are more valuable than money. Just ask the man 30 gets everything from patients with nothing material to give. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accountable     B．target     C． channeling     D．tied     E. coexist F. flow     G. ultimately     H. fueling     I. formed     J. doomed     K. navigating Anger is a complicated emotion. Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for   31 interpersonal conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to blame for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is untouched. No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable   32 for your frustration. Yet for the ancient Stoics, the tornado and the noisy neighbor are basically identical. The Stoics believed life is like an uncontrollable cart we’re all 33 to, and we can either learn to go with the 34 or hurt ourselves fighting its momentum. In their logic, we all live at the whims of fate, and our actions can never actually change things — whether it’s a natural disaster or how others act towards us. So Stoics believe anger is always wrong, since it causes pain and is   35 fruitless. The 8th century Indian Buddhist philosopher Santideva also questioned our free will and the value of anger, arguing that because people often lack rational control over their emotions, we should endeavor not to let their anger and cruelty spread to us. But even if it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory of reactive attitudes suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other   36 . In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so removing it would impair our social lives and moral communities. But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be tricky. For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be wrong to treat their moral mistakes like those of fully   37 adults. So when should you act on anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is illegally polluting the water supply. A long tradition in political philosophy argues that the righteous anger often invoked by witnessing this kind of injustice can be invaluable for   38 change and motivating community action. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress your anger, instead of 39 it into positive action. But other philosophers argue that anger has an inherent negative element that limits its transformative power. They cautioned that we should carefully adjust our emotional responses to ensure that we see others not as enemies but as community members with whom we must learn to 40 , regardless of our ever-changing emotions. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Not long after selecting their college, students are asked to declare an academic major. For some, this decision is easy, as their majors may have actually influenced their choice of college. 41 , this decision is not always an easy one to make, and college students frequently hang their minds. So, how should students make this significant decision? It is 42 to give into fear, indecisiveness or worry, but using the following strategies to select the right major will also help 43 your motivation when the going gets tough. 1. Make a Career Plan One effective way to increase your chances of success in your major is by creating a career plan. Start by 44 your future career and consider the academic and professional paths that can lead you there. Research shows that students with career plans are more likely to 45 in their chosen majors. 46 your beliefs about work, your interest in various academic subjects and your abilities. Exploring these factors can help you make more informed decisions. Then, identify a specific career and 47 the steps you need to take in college to prepare for that career. 2. Do Your Research Students sometimes drop out of their selected majors because they have become dissatisfied with the academic area they have chosen. Or they may find themselves more 48 to a different academic major altogether. To avoid this, thoroughly 49 the career you’re interested in, as well as related fields. Consider whether a particular job matches your skills and preferences. Speak to professionals in the field to learn about their daily work, and reflect on what aspects of the job you would enjoy or dislike. While it is possible to switch out of your major once your interests become more apparent, you will save a good deal of time and energy by initially choosing a major that is 50 your interests and abilities. 3. Brace Yourself for 51 It may come as a surprise when you are presented with incredibly 52 material during your first semester at college. Students who were at the top of their class may be particularly shocked when they receive their first low grade on an exam. You should not assume, 53 that you have made the wrong choice of academic major simply because you performed poorly on one test. 54 feedback from college advisers and instructors can also influence a student’s choice to change their major. The possibility of failure can be so 55 to students that they can lose their ambition on the first day of class, before they have experienced any academic failure at all. Hold on to the confidence that guided you to select your major in the first place, and prepare yourself for the academic challenges that await you in whichever major you choose. 41．A．Undoubtedly B．Unfortunately C．Inevitably D．Duly 42．A．desperate B．hazardous C．tempting D．tragic 43．A．sustain B．promote C．attain D．reverse 44．A．pursuing B．optimizing C．picturing D．navigating 45．A．persist B．struggle C．tolerate D．excel 46．A．Comment on B．Weigh down C．Leave behind D．Reflect on 47．A．prioritize B．outline C．revise D．adjust 48．A．accustomed B．committed C．attracted D．resistant 49．A．diagnose B．justify C．clarify D．investigate 50．A．in line with B．in proportion to C．at odds with D．in harmony with 51．A．Marvel B．Challenge C．Transition D．Major 52．A．contemporary B．stimulating C．informative D．challenging 53．A．therefore B．however C．instead D．otherwise 54．A．Positive B．Distinctive C．Negative D．Neutral 55．A．discouraging B．harsh C．fierce D．grave Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In the roughly two years since the public release of ChatGPT, artificial intelligence (A．I.) has advanced far more rapidly than humanity has learned to use its good features and to prevent its bad ones. On the bad side, for example, it turns out that A．I. is really good at controlling and cheating its human “masters.” This past summer, OpenAI released ol, the first in a series of A．1. models designed to spend more time thinking before they respond. Before the release, it hired Apollo Research, which studies risks of cheating by A．L., to evaluate the system. To pressure-test the system, Apollo instructed ol to strongly pursue a specific goal, telling it “nothing else matters.” Here is OpenAI’s evaluation report about ol: Data control: In a simple data processing task where the goals of the model were in conflict with the user’s goal, ol would appear to complete the task as requested but subtly (不易察觉地) control the data to advance its own goal in 19percent of cases. Doubling down: When Apollo Research conducted ‘follow-up interviews’ where they challenged the model about its incorrect actions, ol would deny taking action or make up false explanations in 99 percent of cases. Chatbots powered by large language models are suited for helping people brainstorm because they can open a path that’s worth exploring. One assumption for how large language models such as ol think is that they use what logicians call abduction. Abduction isn’t well known, but it’s common in daily life, not to mention possibly inside A．I. Unlike deduction, which is reasoning from general laws to specific conclusions, and induction, reasoning from the specific to the general, abduction is a type of probable reasoning that starts from the known results and determines the most likely cause leading to those results, requiring creativity. The more powerful A．I. gets, the less humans understand about it — but perhaps we shouldn’t judge ourselves too harshly for that. As it turns out, A．I. doesn’t even understand itself. It’s one thing to honor the mystery of the human brain, but quite another to admit that artificial intelligence — both creative and plotting — is slipping away from our understanding. 56．In the system test, what did Apollo Research ask ol to do? A．Prioritize user safety. B．Think before speaking. C．Pressure-test the design. D．Achieve a goal at all costs. 57．What can be concluded from the evaluation report about ol? A．ol always completes tasks on schedule as user intended. B．Data control occurs in about 5% of ol’s data processing tasks. C．ol manages data skillfully and denies actions when challenged. D．ol processes data efficiently and admits incorrect actions readily. 58．Abduction is the reasoning approach used to ______. A．identify patterns and make generalizations B．draw certain conclusions from general principles C．move from specific observations to universal laws D．infer the most possible explanation from given evidence 59．Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A．The human brain is less complicated than A．I. B．Humans have control over the progress of A．I. C．A．I. may have to give in when challenged by humans. D．It’s hard to accept that A．I. is beyond our understanding. (B) Using only a computer and a webcam, interactive animations allow learners to animate their world using Scratch and their own movements. We use a tool called video sensing that uses motion picked up from the webcam to start and engage with digital animations on the screen. The result is something not quite real life but fully immersive and imaginative. Materials For this activity, you will need a computer with a webcam and Scratch. That’s it! Consider how your environment or props could enhance your video sensing experience. Tip: Consistent lighting is very helpful when making more complex video sensing projects. Set-up Your Scratch Environment Click the Add an Extension button at the bottom left-hand corner. Choose Video Sensing to add video blocks. Go back to the Scratch editor. Now there are additional video sensing blocks and the webcam is turned on. Test Your Set-up Make your first video sensing project with just two blocks. Start with the when video motion block to start your animation. The number inside this block can be between 1 and 100. A value of 1 is very sensitive to movement and a value of 100 is not very sensitive. When movement is detected through the webcam, what happens next is up to you. Choose a sound, movement, or other reaction to create an interactive story. Video Transparency You may notice that when the video camera in Scratch turns on, your video will look faded. To add more saturation to your video, change the value from 50 to 100. Once your environment is set-up, you’re ready to start interacting directly with your Scratch sprites (动画卡通人物)!Projects can be as varied as your learners＇ interests, support them in finding a project that’s meaningful to them. As one example, learners can use video sensing in Scratch to bring a book to life! 60. If Tom wants to make a personalized and complex video sensing project, he should take into account the following factors EXCEPT ______. A. environment or props B. consistent lighting C. multiple sprites D. his own interest 61. Which of the following statements about video sensing is true? A. The When Video Motion block starts when it senses motion. B. It is a tool to capture motion from the webcam. C. Learners can use it to create animations based on their own movements. D. With the When Video Motion block, users can adjust video transparency. 62. Which title best describes the project mentioned in the passage? A. Digital Bling (闪亮的衣物) B. Two Frame Animation C. Scribbling (涂鸦)Machines D. Animate Your World (C) As Frans de Waal, a primatologist (灵长动物学家), recognizes, a better way to think about other creatures would be to ask ourselves how different species have developed different kinds of minds to solve different adaptive problems. Surely the important question is not whether animals can do the same things humans can, but how those animals solve the cognitive (认知的) problems they face, like how to imitate the sea floor. Children and some animals are so interesting not because they are smart like us, but because they are smart in ways we haven’t even considered. Sometimes studying children’s ways of knowing can cast light on adult-human cognition. Children’s pretend play may help us understand our adult taste for fiction. De Waal’s research provides another interesting example. We human beings tend to think that our social relationships are rooted in our perceptions, beliefs, and desires, and our understanding of the perceptions, beliefs, and desires of others — what psychologists call our “theory of mind.” In the 80s and 90s, developmental psychologists showed that pre-schoolers and even infants understand minds apart from their own. But it was hard to show that other animals did the same. “Theory of mind” became a candidate for the special, uniquely human trick. Yet de Waal’s studies show that chimps (黑猩猩) possess a remarkably developed political intelligence — they are much interested in figuring out social relationships. It turns out, as de Waal describes, that chimps do infer something about what other chimps see. But experimental studies also suggest that this happens only in a competitive political context. The evolutionary anthropologist (人类学家) Brain Hare and his colleagues gave a junior chimp a choice between pieces of food that a dominant chimp had seen hidden and other pieces it had not seen hidden. The junior chimp, who watched all the hiding, stayed away from the food the dominant chimp had seen, but took the food it hadn’t seen. Anyone who has gone to an academic conference will recognize that we may be in the same situation. We may say that we sign up because we’re eager to find out what other human beings think, but we’re just as interested in who’s on top. Many of the political judgments we make there don’t have much to do with our theory of mind. We may show our respect to a famous professor even if we have no respect for his ideas. Until recently, however, there wasn’t much research into how humans develop and employ this kind of political knowledge. It may be that we understand the social world in terms of dominance, like chimps, but we’re just not usually as politically motivated as they are. Instead of asking whether we have a better everyday theory of mind, we might wonder whether they have a better everyday theory of politics. 63．According to the first paragraph, which of the following shows that an animal is smart? A．It can behave like a human kid. B．It can imitate what human beings do. C．It can find a solution to its own problem. D．It can figure out those adaptive problems. 64．Which of the following statements best illustrates our “theory of mind”? A．We talk with infants in a way that they can fully understand. B．We make guesses at what others think while interacting with them. C．We hide our emotions when we try establishing contact with a stranger. D．We try to understand how kids’ pretend play affects our taste for fiction. 65．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Neither human nor animals display their preference for dominance. B．Animals living in a competitive political context are smarter. C．Both humans and some animals have political intelligence. D．Humans are more interested in who’s on top than animals. 66．By the underlined sentence in the last paragraph, the writer means that ________. A．we know little about how chimps are politically motivated B．our political knowledge doesn’t always determine how we behave C．our theory of mind might enable us to understand our theory of politics D．more research should be conducted to understand animals’ social world Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Young children value the lives of animals more than adults do If you had to save the life of a person or an animal, which would you choose? Most adults say they would pick the person, but almost half of young children would prefer to save the animal, according to a study in Poland. “The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. 67 For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self- driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose. However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem. The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. 68 About 42 per cent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 per cent of adults. About 28 per cent of children also prioritized the chimpanzee over the person, compared with 11 per cent of adults. “Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals,” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. 69 “However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner. 70 When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4- year- olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10- year- olds. The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity, says Wilks. Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person. A．Most adults view human life as especially precious. B．Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. C．Surprisingly, children were more likely to save a dog over a person. D．For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50. E．As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says. F．About 28 per cent of children aged 5 to 9 said they would save a dog over a person, compared with 8 per cent of adults. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. To Laugh Is Human Most of us don’t know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh. Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships. Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other people’s laughter is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another. Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with. 71.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 何不利用这宜人的天气出去野餐呢？(advantage) 73. 当你对情况一知半解时，不要随意发表见解。(knowledge) 74. 到底是什么促使你放弃了这么稳定的工作，来到这个偏远地区保护野生动物？(it) 75. 人工智能正以如此快的速度改变着整个世界，你很难预测未来的生活究竟会是什么样子。(So) VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学高三学生王华，你的好友李明来信邀请你和他一起创办一个公众号（a public account），通过文字、图片、视频等多种形式向国内外读者推广和传播中国文化。请你给他回信，内容须包括： (1)你对该想法的支持和赞赏； (2)你对合作的期待和对分工的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $One listening comprehension section a directions. In section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice is the best answer to the question you've heard. Now you have one hundred seconds to read all the choices on the screen . when it's about five o'clock. Now when shall we leave? We'd Better . get to the cinema fifteen minutes before the film begins, and IT usually takes about half an hour to get there. I think we had Better . leave at once. Question win, does the film most probably start. too. Excuse me, sir, but this is a non smoking section. Oh, sorry, and I am ready to order any recommended dish today. Question. where does this conversation most probably take place? Three, could you give me a ride to the engineering building? I would, but i'm late for an appointment. On the other side of . town question, what does that mean? mean? For, hey, I just can't believe that . the summer vacation is around the corner. I am . thinking about attending a course in history. How about you? I don't know. My mom is intending to take me for a trip to japan, but I am not quite interested. Question, what are the two speakers mainly talking about? Five doctor, I haven't been able to get to sleep lately, and i'm too tired to concentrate during classes. Well, spending too much time indoors with all that artificial lighting can do that. To you . question, what does the doctor imply the man should do? Six, take two pills three times a day, and you shouldn't take them on an empty stomach. What if I don't have an appetite question? What does the man imply? Seven, i'm sorry, sir, but you're allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You'll have to check in one of your suitcases at the baggage counter. And actually one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I'm just giving her . a hand question, what does the man mean? Could I borrow twenty to get through the difficult till payday . next thursday? You are in luck. I just drew some cash from the . bank question, what will the woman probably do next? Nine, how about your trip in shanghai? So marvellous. I took part in one day in shanghai, and I did some cooking with the chinese family and played chess . with the boy. Question, what did the man do in the activity of one day in shanghai? Ten, the snow is really coming down. Isn't IT rarely . do we get so much snow in december. Question, what does the woman mean? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation, the passengers and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question you've heard questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. Now you have thirty seconds to read all the choices on the screen . by the end of the term. I hope you will be convinced, as I am, that formal riding always requires revision. Sometimes IT requires a fairly major rewriting of the paper. Some students have the mistaken idea that revision means simply making corrections in spelling and grammar. I call that proof reading. What I expect you to deal with your revise is to evaluate and improve the overall effectiveness of your paper. But how can you tell if your paper is effective? Well, for example, start by asking yourself these questions. Is the topic restricted enough to be fully discussed within the given length? Are the main ideas clear? Are they supported by specific details and examples? Do they move smoothly from one idea to the next? You need enough time for a possible major revision, that is, you may have to make a lot of changes before your paper becomes really clear to the reader. So i'll expect a draft of each paper two weeks before the final due date. That way, I can criticize IT and get IT back in time for you to revise IT. Then you can submit a final draft for greeting. This process may seem like a great deal of trouble at first, but I think you'll find IT valuable. In fact, after you finish this course, I doubt that you will ever turn in a turn paper without first revising IT carefully. Now listen again. By the end of the term, I hope you will be convinced, as I am, that formal writing always requires revision. Sometimes IT requires a fairly major rewriting of the paper. Some students have the mistaken idea that revision means simply making corrections in spelling and grammar. I call that proof reading. What I expect you to do with your revise is to evaluate and improve the overall effectiveness of your paper. But how can you tell if your paper is effective? Well, for example, start by asking yourself these questions. Is the topic restricted enough to be fully discussed within the given length? Are the main ideas clear? Are they supported by specific details and examples? Do they move smoothly from one idea to the next? You need enough time for a possible major revision, that is, you may have to make a lot of changes before your paper becomes really clear to the reader. So i'll expect a draft of each paper two weeks before the final due date. That way, I can criticize IT and get IT back in time for you to revise IT. Then you could submit a final draft for grading. This process may seem like a great deal of trouble at first, but I think you'll find IT valuable. In fact, after you finish this course, I doubt that you will ever turn in a turn paper without first revising IT carefully. Questions eleven, what is the purpose of the talk? Twelve, what should be the students main goal as they revise their work? Thirteen, what effect . does the speaker think the class will have on the students? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Now you have thirty seconds to read all the choices on the screen. Off the shores of south africa lies the magnificent scenery . that has interested scientists worldwide. Dolphins are wearing a type of, at first, IT seemed like a lucky accident, a bottle . nose dolphin caught in floating seaweed. But it's turned in to something fascinating to watch. In a certain area of the ocean, many dolphins are eleven tly swimming with seaweed on their faces. Upon closer examination, researchers discovered a pattern, the seaweed strategically positioned to partially cover the dolphin's eyes, suggesting a purpose, action rather than a random occurrence. IT seems that these intelligent marine animals purposefully swim through sea weed masses, allowing the sea weed to stick to their faces. This behavior suggests an impressive adjustment, possibly acting as a natural form of eyewear, reducing the sun's brightness as they play near the surface of the ocean. This discovery expands our understanding of dolphin intelligence. Besides their hunting and social skills, dolphins in australian waters have been seen using tools to help them find food. These bindings highlighted intelligent and resourceful ness of marine life, fascinating scientists and casual observers with the remarkable abilities and behaviors. Now listen again. Off the shores of south africa lies the magnificent scenery . that has interested scientists worldwide. Dolphins are wearing a type of sunglasses. At first, IT seemed like a lucky accident. a bottle nose dolphin caught in floating seaweed. But it's turning to something fascinating to watch. In a certain area of the ocean, many dolphins are eleven tly swimming with seaweed on their faces. Upon closer examination, researchers discovered a pattern, the seaweed strategically positioned to partially cover the dolphin's eyes, suggesting a purple for action rather than a random occurrence. IT seems that these intelligent marine animals purposes li swim through seaweed masses, allowing the sea we to stick to their faces. This behavior suggests an impressive adjustment, possibly acting as a natural form of eyewear, reducing the sun's brightness as they play near the surface of the ocean. This discovery expands our understanding of dolphin intelligence. Besides their hunting and social skills, dolphins in australian waters have been seen using tools to help them find food. These findings highlight the intelligence and resourcefulness of marine life, fascinating scientists and casual observers with the remarkable abilities and behaviors. Questions fourteen, what is the passage mainly about? Fifteen, what did researchers respite about dolphins off the scenic shores of south africa? Sixteen, how do scientists described the dolphins use of seaweed? Questions seventeen, three, twenty are based on the following conversation. Now you have forty seconds to read all the choices on the screen. Have you checked out the new library yet? It's pretty awesome, right? Yeah, I was there yesterday. It's like a whole new world in there, so many books and comfortable seating areas totally. And did you see those steady rooms on the second floor, perfect for group projects or just have a rest? Oh yeah, those are awesome. And they have all those new computers too. It's like a tech park in there. definitely. I heard they're planning to add even more resources too, like maybe a three d printer or AVR equipment. No way that would be crazy. And that you're being able to print out your own designs or explore virtual world right in the library. right? It's like the library of the future or something. And IT makes studying a lot more fun, that's for sure. absolutely. And with all the natural light coming in through those big windows, it's such a great atmosphere for learning. Totally agree. I think I might spend more time there than in my own room. Now. same here. Who needs smart bones when you've got a library like that? Now listen again. Have you checked out the new library yet? It's pretty awesome, right? Yeah. I was there yesterday. It's like a whole new world in there. So many books and comfortable seating areas totally. And did you see those steady rooms on the second floor perfect for group projects or just have arrest? Oh yeah, those are awesome. And they have all those new computers too. It's like a tech park in there. definitely. I heard they're planning to add even more resources too, like maybe a three d printer or AVR equipment. No way that would be crazy. And that you're being able to print out your own designs or explore virtual world right in the library. right? It's like the library of the future or something. And IT makes studying a lot more fun, that's for sure. absolutely. And with all the natural light coming in through those big windows, it's such a great atmosphere for learning. Totally agree. I think I might spend more. I'm there that in my own room. Now same here. Who needs smart bones when you've got a library like that? Questions seventeen, what is the main topic of the conversation? Eighteen, what did the speakers mention about the steady rooms on the second floor? Nineteen, what additional resources are the speakers excited about potentially adding to the library? Twenty, what aspect of the library's environment do the speakers appreciate? 2025-2026学年高二选择性必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 3·提升卷（参考答案） I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1-5 BCAAA 6-10 ADADA 11-13 BAA 14-16 ACA 17-20 CAAA II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A 21．made 22．where 23．himself 24．if/when 25．take 26．largest 27．as 28．a 29．how 30．who/that Section B 31．K 32．B 33．D 34．F 35．G 36．A 37．I 38．H 39．C 40．E III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 41．B 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．A 46．D 47．B 48．C 49．D 50．A 51．B 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．A Section B 56．D 57．C 58．D 59．D 60. C 61. A 62. D 63．C 64．B 65．C 66．B Section C 67． A 68．D 69．E 70．B IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Scientists think humans are born with the ability to laugh, but why do we laugh? We laugh to feel closer to one another. Laughter helps us to be recognized so we laugh more in groups than when alone. Laughter also evolved from a more basic need to survive as it promoted cooperation, enabling humans to survive better.  (59w) V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) 72. Why not take advantage of the agreeable weather and go out for a picnic? 73. When you have a limited/foggy knowledge of the situation, don’t express your opinions casually/randomly. 74. What was it that made you give up such a stable job and come to the remote area to protect wild animals? 75. So quickly is artificial intelligence changing the whole world that it is hard for you to predict what life will be like in the future. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Dear Li Ming, Thank you for your invitation to start a public account together to promote Chinese culture to domestic and international audiences. I am truly impressed by your idea, and I wholeheartedly support this initiative. I believe that utilizing various media forms like text, images, and videos will effectively showcase the richness and diversity of our culture. I am looking forward to working with you on this exciting project. As for our collaboration, I suggest we divide the tasks based on our strengths. You could handle video production and editing, given your excellent skills in that area, while I focus on creating engaging written content and selecting captivating images. This way, we can complement each other and ensure the quality of our content. I’m excited to embark on this cultural journey with you and can’t wait to see the impact we will achieve together. Best regards, Wang Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二选择性必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 3 ·提升卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At 5:30. B. At 5:45. C. At 5:15. D. At 5:00. 2. A. At a station. B. In a shop. C. In a restaurant. D. At a hospital. 3. A. He can't give the woman a lift. B. He' ll see the woman after his appointment. C. He has already been to the engineering building. D. He can't meet the woman at the engineering building. 4. A. Their holiday plans. B. The school calendar. C. Their travel destinations. D. Parent-child relationship. 5. A. Spend more time outdoors. B. Try hard to get to bed earlier. C. Take short naps during the day. D. Stay indoors until he feels better. 6. A. He may eat nothing before taking the pills. B. He may not be able to wake up on time. C. He doesn't like to take pills. D. He may feel better soon. 7. A. He'd like some help at the baggage counter. B. He doesn't know the woman ahead of him. C. He was permitted to carry one extra bag. D. He has only one piece of luggage. 8. A. Lend the man some money. B. Go to the bank. C. Get some cash. D. Check when the man will be paid. 9. A. He went to a Chinese restaurant. B. He took a chess class. C. He played football with some boys. D. He cooked with a local family. 10. A. Such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month. B. It is typical December weather for this region. C. There has never been much snow down South. D. It won't snow until the end of December. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. To give an assignment for the next class. B. To change students' approach to writing. C. To point out an example of good writing. D. To review material covered in an earlier lecture. 12. A. To improve overall effectiveness. B. To make smooth shifts between ideas. C. To correct spelling and grammar. D. To add more specific details and examples. 13. A. They will make a habit of revising their papers. B. They will become inspired to write poetry. C. They will become more interested in keeping diaries. D. They will develop a negative attitude toward long papers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A new pattern of dolphin's life. B. An ambitious behaviour of dolphins. C. Dolphins’ social skills. D. Dolphins' living areas. 15. A. They played near the ocean's surface. B. They socialized with other dolphins. C. They protected their eyes with seaweed. D. They hunted with some tools. 16. A. Intentional. B. Accidental. C. Useless. D. Dangerous. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The popularity of a computer game among high school students. B. The advantages of using smartphones for studying. C. The features and appeal of a newly-built library. D. The benefits of studying in a library. 18. A. They are perfect for group projects. B. They are only for individual studying. C. They are reserved for teachers. D. They are used for storing books. 19. A. VR equipment. B. New computers. C. Comfortable seating areas. D. A cinema with 3D equipment. 20. A. The atmosphere for learning. B. The smartphone chargers. C. The artificial lighting. D. The noise level. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It’s a Friday morning in Boston, which means Dr. Jim O’Connell is making his rounds. He might be more comfortable inside an exam room, but that’s not where his patients are. O’Connell is one of a handful of physicians making house calls to the homeless in the city. More than 550,000 Americans are homeless, and many have health problems but no access to care. O’Connell and his team, 21 (make) up of psychiatrists, internists, a nurse practitioner, a case manager, and a recovery coach, are doing something about it. They spend their days walking around 22 the homeless live—in parks, under bridges, and on the outskirts of town. They treat about 700 regular patients. During these rounds, O’Connell 23 usually sees about 20 patients. He knows where most of them sleep and whom to ask 24 they are missing. “I feel like I’m a country doctor in the middle of the city, you know?” he said. O’Connell went to Harvard Medical School and was on his way to a prestigious oncology (肿瘤学) fellowship when his chief suggested he 25 (take) what was supposed to be a one-year position as the founding physician of a new health-care program for Boston’s homeless. That turned into a 33-year career at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, one of the country’s 26 (large) of its kind. “You realize, ‘You know what, I’m just a doctor. And what I can do is I can get to know you and ease your suffering, just 27 I would as an oncologist,’” O’Connell said. “You could not find 28 more grateful population.” And his patients are grateful. “This man is unbelievable!” one remarked. “He’s like Jesus,” another added. When asked about 29 his life might have turned out had he become a highly paid oncologist, O’Connell said, “I never think about it anymore.” Some things are more valuable than money. Just ask the man 30 gets everything from patients with nothing material to give. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accountable     B．target     C． channeling     D．tied     E. coexist F. flow     G. ultimately     H. fueling     I. formed     J. doomed     K. navigating Anger is a complicated emotion. Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for   31 interpersonal conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to blame for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is untouched. No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable   32 for your frustration. Yet for the ancient Stoics, the tornado and the noisy neighbor are basically identical. The Stoics believed life is like an uncontrollable cart we’re all 33 to, and we can either learn to go with the 34 or hurt ourselves fighting its momentum. In their logic, we all live at the whims of fate, and our actions can never actually change things — whether it’s a natural disaster or how others act towards us. So Stoics believe anger is always wrong, since it causes pain and is   35 fruitless. The 8th century Indian Buddhist philosopher Santideva also questioned our free will and the value of anger, arguing that because people often lack rational control over their emotions, we should endeavor not to let their anger and cruelty spread to us. But even if it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory of reactive attitudes suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other   36 . In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so removing it would impair our social lives and moral communities. But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be tricky. For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be wrong to treat their moral mistakes like those of fully   37 adults. So when should you act on anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is illegally polluting the water supply. A long tradition in political philosophy argues that the righteous anger often invoked by witnessing this kind of injustice can be invaluable for   38 change and motivating community action. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress your anger, instead of 39 it into positive action. But other philosophers argue that anger has an inherent negative element that limits its transformative power. They cautioned that we should carefully adjust our emotional responses to ensure that we see others not as enemies but as community members with whom we must learn to 40 , regardless of our ever-changing emotions. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Not long after selecting their college, students are asked to declare an academic major. For some, this decision is easy, as their majors may have actually influenced their choice of college. 41 , this decision is not always an easy one to make, and college students frequently hang their minds. So, how should students make this significant decision? It is 42 to give into fear, indecisiveness or worry, but using the following strategies to select the right major will also help 43 your motivation when the going gets tough. 1. Make a Career Plan One effective way to increase your chances of success in your major is by creating a career plan. Start by 44 your future career and consider the academic and professional paths that can lead you there. Research shows that students with career plans are more likely to 45 in their chosen majors. 46 your beliefs about work, your interest in various academic subjects and your abilities. Exploring these factors can help you make more informed decisions. Then, identify a specific career and 47 the steps you need to take in college to prepare for that career. 2. Do Your Research Students sometimes drop out of their selected majors because they have become dissatisfied with the academic area they have chosen. Or they may find themselves more 48 to a different academic major altogether. To avoid this, thoroughly 49 the career you’re interested in, as well as related fields. Consider whether a particular job matches your skills and preferences. Speak to professionals in the field to learn about their daily work, and reflect on what aspects of the job you would enjoy or dislike. While it is possible to switch out of your major once your interests become more apparent, you will save a good deal of time and energy by initially choosing a major that is 50 your interests and abilities. 3. Brace Yourself for 51 It may come as a surprise when you are presented with incredibly 52 material during your first semester at college. Students who were at the top of their class may be particularly shocked when they receive their first low grade on an exam. You should not assume, 53 that you have made the wrong choice of academic major simply because you performed poorly on one test. 54 feedback from college advisers and instructors can also influence a student’s choice to change their major. The possibility of failure can be so 55 to students that they can lose their ambition on the first day of class, before they have experienced any academic failure at all. Hold on to the confidence that guided you to select your major in the first place, and prepare yourself for the academic challenges that await you in whichever major you choose. 41．A．Undoubtedly B．Unfortunately C．Inevitably D．Duly 42．A．desperate B．hazardous C．tempting D．tragic 43．A．sustain B．promote C．attain D．reverse 44．A．pursuing B．optimizing C．picturing D．navigating 45．A．persist B．struggle C．tolerate D．excel 46．A．Comment on B．Weigh down C．Leave behind D．Reflect on 47．A．prioritize B．outline C．revise D．adjust 48．A．accustomed B．committed C．attracted D．resistant 49．A．diagnose B．justify C．clarify D．investigate 50．A．in line with B．in proportion to C．at odds with D．in harmony with 51．A．Marvel B．Challenge C．Transition D．Major 52．A．contemporary B．stimulating C．informative D．challenging 53．A．therefore B．however C．instead D．otherwise 54．A．Positive B．Distinctive C．Negative D．Neutral 55．A．discouraging B．harsh C．fierce D．grave Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In the roughly two years since the public release of ChatGPT, artificial intelligence (A．I.) has advanced far more rapidly than humanity has learned to use its good features and to prevent its bad ones. On the bad side, for example, it turns out that A．I. is really good at controlling and cheating its human “masters.” This past summer, OpenAI released ol, the first in a series of A．1. models designed to spend more time thinking before they respond. Before the release, it hired Apollo Research, which studies risks of cheating by A．L., to evaluate the system. To pressure-test the system, Apollo instructed ol to strongly pursue a specific goal, telling it “nothing else matters.” Here is OpenAI’s evaluation report about ol: Data control: In a simple data processing task where the goals of the model were in conflict with the user’s goal, ol would appear to complete the task as requested but subtly (不易察觉地) control the data to advance its own goal in 19percent of cases. Doubling down: When Apollo Research conducted ‘follow-up interviews’ where they challenged the model about its incorrect actions, ol would deny taking action or make up false explanations in 99 percent of cases. Chatbots powered by large language models are suited for helping people brainstorm because they can open a path that’s worth exploring. One assumption for how large language models such as ol think is that they use what logicians call abduction. Abduction isn’t well known, but it’s common in daily life, not to mention possibly inside A．I. Unlike deduction, which is reasoning from general laws to specific conclusions, and induction, reasoning from the specific to the general, abduction is a type of probable reasoning that starts from the known results and determines the most likely cause leading to those results, requiring creativity. The more powerful A．I. gets, the less humans understand about it — but perhaps we shouldn’t judge ourselves too harshly for that. As it turns out, A．I. doesn’t even understand itself. It’s one thing to honor the mystery of the human brain, but quite another to admit that artificial intelligence — both creative and plotting — is slipping away from our understanding. 56．In the system test, what did Apollo Research ask ol to do? A．Prioritize user safety. B．Think before speaking. C．Pressure-test the design. D．Achieve a goal at all costs. 57．What can be concluded from the evaluation report about ol? A．ol always completes tasks on schedule as user intended. B．Data control occurs in about 5% of ol’s data processing tasks. C．ol manages data skillfully and denies actions when challenged. D．ol processes data efficiently and admits incorrect actions readily. 58．Abduction is the reasoning approach used to ______. A．identify patterns and make generalizations B．draw certain conclusions from general principles C．move from specific observations to universal laws D．infer the most possible explanation from given evidence 59．Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A．The human brain is less complicated than A．I. B．Humans have control over the progress of A．I. C．A．I. may have to give in when challenged by humans. D．It’s hard to accept that A．I. is beyond our understanding. (B) Using only a computer and a webcam, interactive animations allow learners to animate their world using Scratch and their own movements. We use a tool called video sensing that uses motion picked up from the webcam to start and engage with digital animations on the screen. The result is something not quite real life but fully immersive and imaginative. Materials For this activity, you will need a computer with a webcam and Scratch. That’s it! Consider how your environment or props could enhance your video sensing experience. Tip: Consistent lighting is very helpful when making more complex video sensing projects. Set-up Your Scratch Environment Click the Add an Extension button at the bottom left-hand corner. Choose Video Sensing to add video blocks. Go back to the Scratch editor. Now there are additional video sensing blocks and the webcam is turned on. Test Your Set-up Make your first video sensing project with just two blocks. Start with the when video motion block to start your animation. The number inside this block can be between 1 and 100. A value of 1 is very sensitive to movement and a value of 100 is not very sensitive. When movement is detected through the webcam, what happens next is up to you. Choose a sound, movement, or other reaction to create an interactive story. Video Transparency You may notice that when the video camera in Scratch turns on, your video will look faded. To add more saturation to your video, change the value from 50 to 100. Once your environment is set-up, you’re ready to start interacting directly with your Scratch sprites (动画卡通人物)!Projects can be as varied as your learners＇ interests, support them in finding a project that’s meaningful to them. As one example, learners can use video sensing in Scratch to bring a book to life! 60. If Tom wants to make a personalized and complex video sensing project, he should take into account the following factors EXCEPT ______. A. environment or props B. consistent lighting C. multiple sprites D. his own interest 61. Which of the following statements about video sensing is true? A. The When Video Motion block starts when it senses motion. B. It is a tool to capture motion from the webcam. C. Learners can use it to create animations based on their own movements. D. With the When Video Motion block, users can adjust video transparency. 62. Which title best describes the project mentioned in the passage? A. Digital Bling (闪亮的衣物) B. Two Frame Animation C. Scribbling (涂鸦)Machines D. Animate Your World (C) As Frans de Waal, a primatologist (灵长动物学家), recognizes, a better way to think about other creatures would be to ask ourselves how different species have developed different kinds of minds to solve different adaptive problems. Surely the important question is not whether animals can do the same things humans can, but how those animals solve the cognitive (认知的) problems they face, like how to imitate the sea floor. Children and some animals are so interesting not because they are smart like us, but because they are smart in ways we haven’t even considered. Sometimes studying children’s ways of knowing can cast light on adult-human cognition. Children’s pretend play may help us understand our adult taste for fiction. De Waal’s research provides another interesting example. We human beings tend to think that our social relationships are rooted in our perceptions, beliefs, and desires, and our understanding of the perceptions, beliefs, and desires of others — what psychologists call our “theory of mind.” In the 80s and 90s, developmental psychologists showed that pre-schoolers and even infants understand minds apart from their own. But it was hard to show that other animals did the same. “Theory of mind” became a candidate for the special, uniquely human trick. Yet de Waal’s studies show that chimps (黑猩猩) possess a remarkably developed political intelligence — they are much interested in figuring out social relationships. It turns out, as de Waal describes, that chimps do infer something about what other chimps see. But experimental studies also suggest that this happens only in a competitive political context. The evolutionary anthropologist (人类学家) Brain Hare and his colleagues gave a junior chimp a choice between pieces of food that a dominant chimp had seen hidden and other pieces it had not seen hidden. The junior chimp, who watched all the hiding, stayed away from the food the dominant chimp had seen, but took the food it hadn’t seen. Anyone who has gone to an academic conference will recognize that we may be in the same situation. We may say that we sign up because we’re eager to find out what other human beings think, but we’re just as interested in who’s on top. Many of the political judgments we make there don’t have much to do with our theory of mind. We may show our respect to a famous professor even if we have no respect for his ideas. Until recently, however, there wasn’t much research into how humans develop and employ this kind of political knowledge. It may be that we understand the social world in terms of dominance, like chimps, but we’re just not usually as politically motivated as they are. Instead of asking whether we have a better everyday theory of mind, we might wonder whether they have a better everyday theory of politics. 63．According to the first paragraph, which of the following shows that an animal is smart? A．It can behave like a human kid. B．It can imitate what human beings do. C．It can find a solution to its own problem. D．It can figure out those adaptive problems. 64．Which of the following statements best illustrates our “theory of mind”? A．We talk with infants in a way that they can fully understand. B．We make guesses at what others think while interacting with them. C．We hide our emotions when we try establishing contact with a stranger. D．We try to understand how kids’ pretend play affects our taste for fiction. 65．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Neither human nor animals display their preference for dominance. B．Animals living in a competitive political context are smarter. C．Both humans and some animals have political intelligence. D．Humans are more interested in who’s on top than animals. 66．By the underlined sentence in the last paragraph, the writer means that ________. A．we know little about how chimps are politically motivated B．our political knowledge doesn’t always determine how we behave C．our theory of mind might enable us to understand our theory of politics D．more research should be conducted to understand animals’ social world Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Young children value the lives of animals more than adults do If you had to save the life of a person or an animal, which would you choose? Most adults say they would pick the person, but almost half of young children would prefer to save the animal, according to a study in Poland. “The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. 67 For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self- driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose. However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem. The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. 68 About 42 per cent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 per cent of adults. About 28 per cent of children also prioritized the chimpanzee over the person, compared with 11 per cent of adults. “Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals,” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. 69 “However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner. 70 When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4- year- olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10- year- olds. The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity, says Wilks. Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person. A．Most adults view human life as especially precious. B．Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. C．Surprisingly, children were more likely to save a dog over a person. D．For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50. E．As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says. F．About 28 per cent of children aged 5 to 9 said they would save a dog over a person, compared with 8 per cent of adults. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. To Laugh Is Human Most of us don’t know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh. Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships. Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other people’s laughter is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another. Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with. 71.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 何不利用这宜人的天气出去野餐呢？(advantage) 73. 当你对情况一知半解时，不要随意发表见解。(knowledge) 74. 到底是什么促使你放弃了这么稳定的工作，来到这个偏远地区保护野生动物？(it) 75. 人工智能正以如此快的速度改变着整个世界，你很难预测未来的生活究竟会是什么样子。(So) VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学高三学生王华，你的好友李明来信邀请你和他一起创办一个公众号（a public account），通过文字、图片、视频等多种形式向国内外读者推广和传播中国文化。请你给他回信，内容须包括： (1)你对该想法的支持和赞赏； (2)你对合作的期待和对分工的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二选择性必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 3 ·提升卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At 5:30. B. At 5:45. C. At 5:15. D. At 5:00. 2. A. At a station. B. In a shop. C. In a restaurant. D. At a hospital. 3. A. He can't give the woman a lift. B. He' ll see the woman after his appointment. C. He has already been to the engineering building. D. He can't meet the woman at the engineering building. 4. A. Their holiday plans. B. The school calendar. C. Their travel destinations. D. Parent-child relationship. 5. A. Spend more time outdoors. B. Try hard to get to bed earlier. C. Take short naps during the day. D. Stay indoors until he feels better. 6. A. He may eat nothing before taking the pills. B. He may not be able to wake up on time. C. He doesn't like to take pills. D. He may feel better soon. 7. A. He'd like some help at the baggage counter. B. He doesn't know the woman ahead of him. C. He was permitted to carry one extra bag. D. He has only one piece of luggage. 8. A. Lend the man some money. B. Go to the bank. C. Get some cash. D. Check when the man will be paid. 9. A. He went to a Chinese restaurant. B. He took a chess class. C. He played football with some boys. D. He cooked with a local family. 10. A. Such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month. B. It is typical December weather for this region. C. There has never been much snow down South. D. It won't snow until the end of December. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. To give an assignment for the next class. B. To change students' approach to writing. C. To point out an example of good writing. D. To review material covered in an earlier lecture. 12. A. To improve overall effectiveness. B. To make smooth shifts between ideas. C. To correct spelling and grammar. D. To add more specific details and examples. 13. A. They will make a habit of revising their papers. B. They will become inspired to write poetry. C. They will become more interested in keeping diaries. D. They will develop a negative attitude toward long papers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A new pattern of dolphin's life. B. An ambitious behaviour of dolphins. C. Dolphins’ social skills. D. Dolphins' living areas. 15. A. They played near the ocean's surface. B. They socialized with other dolphins. C. They protected their eyes with seaweed. D. They hunted with some tools. 16. A. Intentional. B. Accidental. C. Useless. D. Dangerous. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The popularity of a computer game among high school students. B. The advantages of using smartphones for studying. C. The features and appeal of a newly-built library. D. The benefits of studying in a library. 18. A. They are perfect for group projects. B. They are only for individual studying. C. They are reserved for teachers. D. They are used for storing books. 19. A. VR equipment. B. New computers. C. Comfortable seating areas. D. A cinema with 3D equipment. 20. A. The atmosphere for learning. B. The smartphone chargers. C. The artificial lighting. D. The noise level. 【答案】 1-5 BCAAA 6-10 ADADA 11-13 BAA 14-16 ACA 17-20 CAAA 【听力原文】 Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice is the best answer to the question you have heard. Now you have 100 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 1. W: It's about 5:00 now. When shall we leave? M: We'd better get to the cinema 15 minutes before the film begins, and it usually takes about half an hour to get there. I think we had better leave at once. Q: When does the film most probably start? 2. W: Excuse me, Sir, but this is a non-smoking section. M: Oh, sorry. And I am ready to order. Any recommended dish today? Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place? 3. W: Could you give me a ride to the engineering building? M: I would, but I'm late for an appointment on the other side of town. Q: What does the man mean? 4. M: Hey, I just can't believe that the summer vacation is around the corner. I am thinking about attending a course in history. How about you? W: I don't know. My mum is intending to take me for a trip to Japan but I am not quite interested. Q: What are the two speakers mainly talking about? 5. M: Doctor, I haven't been able to get to sleep lately and I'm too tired to concentrate during classes. W: Well, spending too much time indoors with all that artificial lighting can do that to you. Q: What does the doctor imply the man should do? 6. W: Take two pills three times a day. And you shouldn't take them on an empty stomach. M: What if I don't have an appetite? Q: What does the man imply? 7. W: I'm sorry, Sir. But you' re allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You' ll have to check in one of your suitcases at the baggage counter. M: Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I'm just giving her a hand. Q: What does the man mean? 8. M: Could I borrow twenty to get through the difficulty till payday next Thursday? W: You are in luck. I just drew some cash from the bank. Q: What will the woman probably do next? 9. W: How about your trip in Shanghai? M: So marvelous! I took part in“One Day in Shanghai” and I did some cooking with a Chinese family and played chess with the boy. Q: What did the man do in the activity of “One Day in Shanghai”? 10. M: The snow is really coming down, isn't it? W: Rarely do we get so much snow in December. Q: What does the woman mean? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question you have heard, Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. By the end of the term, I hope you will be convinced as I am that formal writing always requires revision. Sometimes it requires a fairly major rewriting of the paper. Some students have the mistaken idea that revision means simply making corrections in spelling and grammar. I call that proofreading. What I expect you to do with your revise is to evaluate and improve the overall effectiveness of your paper. But how can you tell if your paper is effective? Well, for example, start by asking yourself these questions: Is the t restricted enough to be fully discussed within the given length? Are the main ideas clear? Are they supported by specific details and examples? Do they move smoothly from one idea to the next? You need enough time for a possible major revision. That is, you may have to make a lot of changes before your paper becomes really clear to the reader. So I' ll expect a draft of each paper two weeks before the final due date. In that way I can criticize it and get it back in time for you to revise it. Then you can submit a final draft for grading. This process may seem like a great deal of trouble at first, but I think you' ll find it valuable. In fact, after you finish this course, I doubt that you well ever turn in a term paper without first revising it carefully. (Now listen again.) Questions 11. What is the purpose of the talk? 12. What should be the students' main goal as they revise their work? 13. What effect does the speaker think the class will have on the students? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. Off the shores of South Africa lies the magnificent scenery that has interested scientists worldwide: dolphins are wearing a type of sunglasses. At first, it seemed like a lucky accident: a bottle-nosed dolphin caught in floating seaweed. But it's turned into something fascinating to watch. In a certain area of the ocean, many dolphins are elegantly swimming with seaweed on their faces. Upon closer examination, researchers discovered a pattern: the seaweed, strategically positioned to partially cover the dolphins' eyes, suggesting a purposeful action rather than a random occurrence. It seems that these intelligent marine animals purposefully swim through seaweed masses, allowing the seaweed to stick to their faces. This behavior suggests an impressive adjustment, possibly acting as a natural form of eyewear, reducing the sun's brightness as they play near the surface of the ocean. This discovery expands our understanding of dolphin intelligence. Besides their hunting and social skills, dolphins in Australian waters have been seen using tools to help them find food. These findings highlight the intelligence and resourcefulness of marine life,fascinating scientists and casual observers with their remarkable abilities and behaviors. (Now listen again.) Questions 14. What is the passage mainly about? 15. What did researchers find about dolphins off the scenic shores of South Africa? 16. How do scientists describe the dolphins' use of seaweed? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Now you have 40 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. W: Have you checked out the new library yet? It's pretty awesome, right? M: Yeah, I was there yesterday! It's like a whole new world in there. So many books and comfortable seating areas. W: Totally! And did you see those study rooms on the second floor? Perfect for group projects or just have a rest. M: Oh yeah, those are awesome. And they have all those new computers too. It's like a tech park in there. W: Definitely. I heard they' re planning to add even more resources too. Like maybe a 3Dprinter or VR equipment. M: No way, that would be crazy! Imagine being able to print out your own designs or explore virtual world right in the library. W: Right? It's like the library of the future or something and it makes studying a lot more fun, that's for sure. M: Absolutely. And with all the natural light coming in through those big windows, it's such a great atmosphere for learning. W: Totally agree. I think I might spend more time there than in my own room now. M: Haha, same here. Who needs smartphones when you' ve got a library like that! (Now listen again.) Questions 17. What is the main topic of the conversation? 18. What did the speakers mention about the study rooms on the second floor? 19. What additional resources are the speakers excited about potentially adding to the library? 20. What aspect of the library's environment do the speakers appreciate? II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It’s a Friday morning in Boston, which means Dr. Jim O’Connell is making his rounds. He might be more comfortable inside an exam room, but that’s not where his patients are. O’Connell is one of a handful of physicians making house calls to the homeless in the city. More than 550,000 Americans are homeless, and many have health problems but no access to care. O’Connell and his team, 21 (make) up of psychiatrists, internists, a nurse practitioner, a case manager, and a recovery coach, are doing something about it. They spend their days walking around 22 the homeless live—in parks, under bridges, and on the outskirts of town. They treat about 700 regular patients. During these rounds, O’Connell 23 usually sees about 20 patients. He knows where most of them sleep and whom to ask 24 they are missing. “I feel like I’m a country doctor in the middle of the city, you know?” he said. O’Connell went to Harvard Medical School and was on his way to a prestigious oncology (肿瘤学) fellowship when his chief suggested he 25 (take) what was supposed to be a one-year position as the founding physician of a new health-care program for Boston’s homeless. That turned into a 33-year career at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, one of the country’s 26 (large) of its kind. “You realize, ‘You know what, I’m just a doctor. And what I can do is I can get to know you and ease your suffering, just 27 I would as an oncologist,’” O’Connell said. “You could not find 28 more grateful population.” And his patients are grateful. “This man is unbelievable!” one remarked. “He’s like Jesus,” another added. When asked about 29 his life might have turned out had he become a highly paid oncologist, O’Connell said, “I never think about it anymore.” Some things are more valuable than money. Just ask the man 30 gets everything from patients with nothing material to give. 【答案】 21．made 22．where 23．himself 24．if/when 25．take 26．largest 27．as 28．a 29．how 30．who/that 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Dr. Jim O'Connell致力于为波士顿无家可归者提供医疗关怀的故事，展现了他及其团队的工作内容、工作方式以及对这一事业的执着和奉献精神，同时也反映了社会问题和人道主义关怀。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：O’Connell和他的团队，由精神科医生、内科医生、护士执业者、案例经理和康复教练组成，正在为此采取行动。本句谓语为are doing，此处为非谓语动词，且team与make up“组成”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填made。 22．考查宾语从句。句意：他们整天在无家可归者生活的地方四处走动——在公园里、桥下以及城镇的边缘地带。本空引导宾语从句，作介词around的宾语，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。 23．考查代词。句意：在这些巡访中，O’Connell通常会看大约20个病人。本空用反身代词himself“他自己”，作O’Connell的同位语。故填himself。 24．考查条件状语从句。句意：他知道他们中的大多数人睡在哪里，如果/当他们失踪了该问谁。此处表示“如果”，应用if引导条件状语从句。或者此处表示“当……时候”，用when引导时间状语从句。故填if或when。 25．考查虚拟语气。句意：O’Connell曾就读于哈佛医学院，在即将获得一个有声望的肿瘤学奖学金时，他的上司建议他接受一个原本为期一年的职位，成为波士顿无家可归者新医疗计划的创始医师。suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形，should可省略，本空用动词原词take。故填take。 26．考查形容词最高级。句意：这变成了他在波士顿无家可归者健康关怀项目工作的33年职业生涯，这是美国同类项目中最大的之一。根据句意及one of the...可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，large的最高级为largest“最大的”。故填largest。 27．考查方式状语从句。句意：O’Connell said说：“你意识到，‘你知道吗，我只是个医生。我所能做的就是了解你，减轻你的痛苦，就像我作为肿瘤学家所做的那样。’”此处需要一个连接词引导方式状语从句，表示“正如，如同”，应用as引导。故填as。 28．考查冠词。句意：你找不到一个更感激的人群了。population在句中表示“人群”，为可数名词，且此处泛指“一个更感激的人群”，more是以辅音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词a。故填a。 29．考查宾语从句。句意：当被问及如果他成为一名高薪肿瘤学家，他的生活可能会变成什么样子时，O’Connell说：“我再也不去想它了。”本空引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，故用how引导。故填how。 30．考查定语从句。句意：只要问问那个从物质上一无所有的病人那里得到一切的人就知道了。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词the man，且关系代词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故用who或that引导。故填who/that。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accountable     B．target     C． channeling     D．tied     E. coexist F. flow     G. ultimately     H. fueling     I. formed     J. doomed     K. navigating Anger is a complicated emotion. Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for   31 interpersonal conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to blame for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is untouched. No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable   32 for your frustration. Yet for the ancient Stoics, the tornado and the noisy neighbor are basically identical. The Stoics believed life is like an uncontrollable cart we’re all 33 to, and we can either learn to go with the 34 or hurt ourselves fighting its momentum. In their logic, we all live at the whims of fate, and our actions can never actually change things — whether it’s a natural disaster or how others act towards us. So Stoics believe anger is always wrong, since it causes pain and is   35 fruitless. The 8th century Indian Buddhist philosopher Santideva also questioned our free will and the value of anger, arguing that because people often lack rational control over their emotions, we should endeavor not to let their anger and cruelty spread to us. But even if it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory of reactive attitudes suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other   36 . In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so removing it would impair our social lives and moral communities. But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be tricky. For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be wrong to treat their moral mistakes like those of fully   37 adults. So when should you act on anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is illegally polluting the water supply. A long tradition in political philosophy argues that the righteous anger often invoked by witnessing this kind of injustice can be invaluable for   38 change and motivating community action. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress your anger, instead of 39 it into positive action. But other philosophers argue that anger has an inherent negative element that limits its transformative power. They cautioned that we should carefully adjust our emotional responses to ensure that we see others not as enemies but as community members with whom we must learn to 40 , regardless of our ever-changing emotions. 【答案】 31．K 32．B 33．D 34．F 35．G 36．A 37．I 38．H 39．C 40．E 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了愤怒作为一种复杂的情感，不同哲学流派对其有不同的看法，从斯多葛派的无用论到现代哲学家将其视为道德和社会交流的重要工具。 31．考查非谓语动词。句意：在处理人际关系冲突时，依靠亚里士多德的个案分析方法是有道理的。根据句意及空前“for”可知，空处应表达“处理”，navigating意为“(有效地)处理”，符合句意，作介词for的宾语应用动名词形式。故选K。 32．考查名词。句意：无论多么愤怒，都无法消除这场灾难，你的沮丧也没有一个合适的发泄对象。根据句意及空前“a suitable”和空后的“for your frustration”可知，空处应用名词表达“对象，目标”，target意为“对象”，符合句意。故选B。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：斯多葛学派认为，生活就像一辆失控的马车，我们都被绑在上面，我们可以选择顺其自然，或者与之抗争而伤害自己。根据句意及空前“an uncontrollable cart we’re all”和空后的“to”可知，空处应表达“被绑在上面”，tied意为“绑”，动词过去分词来构成被动语态表示被动关系，be tied to“被绑在上面”，符合句意。故选D。 34．考查名词。句意：斯多葛学派认为，生活就像一辆失控的马车，我们都被绑在上面，我们可以选择顺其自然，或者与之抗争而伤害自己。根据句意及空前“go with the”可知，此处需要一个名词来表示顺应的状态。flow意为“流动”，比喻顺应生活的自然进程，符合句意。故选F。 35．考查副词。句意：所以，斯多葛学派认为愤怒总是错误的，因为它会带来痛苦，最终也是徒劳的。根据句意及空后的“fruitless”可知，空处应用副词表达“最终”来修饰“fruitless”，ultimately意为“最终”，符合句意，作状语。故选G。 36．考查形容词。句意：哲学家PF Strawson的反应态度理论认为，体验愤怒是人类心理的自然组成部分，有助于我们传达责备和相互追究责任。根据句意及空前“hold each other”可知，空处应用形容词来表示“负有责任的”，accountable意为“负责的”，符合句意。故选A。 37．考查形容词。句意：例如，如果你正在监督一些残忍、无礼的孩子，感到愤怒可能是自然的，但把他们的道德错误当作完全成熟的成年人的错误来对待是错误的。根据句意及空前“those of fully”和空后的“adults”可知，空处应用形容词表达“成熟的”，formed意为“成形的，成熟的”，符合句意，作定语，修饰adults。故选I。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：政治哲学的一个悠久传统认为，目睹这种不公正现象所引发的正义愤怒对于激发变革和激励社区行动是无价的。根据句意及空前“be invaluable for”和空后的“change and motivating community action”可知，空处应用动名词形式表达“激发”，fueling意为“激发，推动”，符合句意，与空后的motivating并列，指激发变革和激励社区行动。故选H。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：在这种不公正的情况下，压抑愤怒而不是将其转化为积极的行动可能是一种道德错误。根据句意及空前“instead of”和空后的“it into positive action”可知，空处应用动名词形式表达“转化为”，channeling意为“引导，把……用于”，符合句意，指把愤怒引导转化为积极的行动。故选C。 40．考查动词。句意：他们警告说，我们应该仔细调整我们的情绪反应，以确保我们不把他人视为敌人，而是视为我们必须学会与之共存的社区成员，无论我们的情绪如何变化。根据句意及空前“we see others not as enemies but as community members”和“we must learn to”可知，空处应用动词原形表达“共存”，coexist意为“共存”，符合句意，与空前的learn to构成不定式短语，指学会与他人共存。故选E。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Not long after selecting their college, students are asked to declare an academic major. For some, this decision is easy, as their majors may have actually influenced their choice of college. 41 , this decision is not always an easy one to make, and college students frequently hang their minds. So, how should students make this significant decision? It is 42 to give into fear, indecisiveness or worry, but using the following strategies to select the right major will also help 43 your motivation when the going gets tough. 1. Make a Career Plan One effective way to increase your chances of success in your major is by creating a career plan. Start by 44 your future career and consider the academic and professional paths that can lead you there. Research shows that students with career plans are more likely to 45 in their chosen majors. 46 your beliefs about work, your interest in various academic subjects and your abilities. Exploring these factors can help you make more informed decisions. Then, identify a specific career and 47 the steps you need to take in college to prepare for that career. 2. Do Your Research Students sometimes drop out of their selected majors because they have become dissatisfied with the academic area they have chosen. Or they may find themselves more 48 to a different academic major altogether. To avoid this, thoroughly 49 the career you’re interested in, as well as related fields. Consider whether a particular job matches your skills and preferences. Speak to professionals in the field to learn about their daily work, and reflect on what aspects of the job you would enjoy or dislike. While it is possible to switch out of your major once your interests become more apparent, you will save a good deal of time and energy by initially choosing a major that is 50 your interests and abilities. 3. Brace Yourself for 51 It may come as a surprise when you are presented with incredibly 52 material during your first semester at college. Students who were at the top of their class may be particularly shocked when they receive their first low grade on an exam. You should not assume, 53 that you have made the wrong choice of academic major simply because you performed poorly on one test. 54 feedback from college advisers and instructors can also influence a student’s choice to change their major. The possibility of failure can be so 55 to students that they can lose their ambition on the first day of class, before they have experienced any academic failure at all. Hold on to the confidence that guided you to select your major in the first place, and prepare yourself for the academic challenges that await you in whichever major you choose. 41．A．Undoubtedly B．Unfortunately C．Inevitably D．Duly 42．A．desperate B．hazardous C．tempting D．tragic 43．A．sustain B．promote C．attain D．reverse 44．A．pursuing B．optimizing C．picturing D．navigating 45．A．persist B．struggle C．tolerate D．excel 46．A．Comment on B．Weigh down C．Leave behind D．Reflect on 47．A．prioritize B．outline C．revise D．adjust 48．A．accustomed B．committed C．attracted D．resistant 49．A．diagnose B．justify C．clarify D．investigate 50．A．in line with B．in proportion to C．at odds with D．in harmony with 51．A．Marvel B．Challenge C．Transition D．Major 52．A．contemporary B．stimulating C．informative D．challenging 53．A．therefore B．however C．instead D．otherwise 54．A．Positive B．Distinctive C．Negative D．Neutral 55．A．discouraging B．harsh C．fierce D．grave 【答案】 41．B 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．A 46．D 47．B 48．C 49．D 50．A 51．B 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了能帮助学生选择合适的专业的一些策略。 41．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这个决定并不总是那么容易做出，大学生们经常犹豫不决。A. Undoubtedly无疑地；B. Unfortunately不幸地；C. Inevitably不可避免地；D. Duly适当地。根据“this decision is not always an easy one to make”可知，此处指“不幸的是，这个决定并不总是那么容易做出”。故选B。 42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们很容易屈服于恐惧、优柔寡断或担忧，但使用以下策略来选择合适的专业也会帮助你在遇到困难时保持动力。A. desperate绝望的，拼命的；B. hazardous危险的；C. tempting诱人的，吸引人的；D. tragic悲惨的，不幸的。根据“to give into fear, indecisiveness or worry”和下文“but using the following strategies to select the right major will also help...”可知，此处指人们很容易屈服于恐惧、优柔寡断或担忧，It is tempting to do sth本意为“做某事很有吸引力”，此处结合语境译为“人们很容易做某事”。故选C。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. sustain维持；B. promote促进，提升；C. attain达到，获得；D. reverse颠倒，使反转。根据上文“give into fear, indecisiveness or worry”和空后的“when the going gets tough”可知，人们很容易屈服于恐惧、优柔寡断或担忧，使用一些策略应是会在你遇到困难时维持动力。故选A。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从最优化你未来的职业开始，并考虑可以引导你到达那里的学术和专业道路。A. pursuing追求；B. optimizing使最优化；C. picturing描绘，想象；D. navigating导航。根据上文“creating a career plan(创建一个职业计划)”可知，此处指使未来的职业最优化。故选B。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，有职业规划的学生更有可能坚持自己选择的专业。A. persist坚持；B. struggle挣扎；C. tolerate忍受；D. excel突出，出色。根据本段首句“One effective way to increase your chances of success in your major is by creating a career plan.(增加专业成功机会的一个有效方法就是制定职业规划)”可知，制定职业规划能增加专业成功的机会，即制定职业规划的学生更有可能坚持他们所选的专业。故选A。 46．考查动词短语辨析。句意：反思你对工作的信念，你对各种学科的兴趣和你的能力。A. Comment on评论；B. Weigh down压弯；C. Leave behind留下，不理会；D. Reflect on反思，思考。根据下文“Exploring these factors(探讨这些因素)”可知，此处指反思各方面的因素。故选D。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，确定一个具体的职业，并概述你在大学里为这个职业做准备所需要采取的步骤。A. prioritize优先处理；B. outline概述，勾勒……的外形；C. revise修改；D. adjust调整，适应。根据“the steps you need to take in college to prepare for that career”可知，确定职业后要概述在大学里为这个职业做准备所需要采取的步骤。故选B。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：或者他们可能会发现自己更喜欢完全不同的学术专业。A. accustomed习惯的；B. committed坚定的；C. attracted被吸引的；D. resistant有抵抗力的。根据上文“Students sometimes drop out of their selected majors because they have become dissatisfied with the academic area they have chosen.(学生有时会因为对自己选择的学术领域不满意而放弃自己选择的专业)”可知，本句是描述学生放弃专业的另一个原因，即发现自己被别的专业所吸引。故选C。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了避免这种情况，彻底调查你感兴趣的职业以及相关领域。A. diagnose诊断；B. justify证明正当；C. clarify阐明；D. investigate调查。根据下文“Consider whether a particular job matches your skills and preferences. Speak to professionals in the field to learn about their daily work, and reflect on what aspects of the job you would enjoy or dislike.(考虑一份特定的工作是否符合你的技能和喜好。与该领域的专业人士交谈，了解他们的日常工作，并反思你喜欢或不喜欢这份工作的哪些方面)”可知，此处是说彻底调查你感兴趣的职业以及相关领域。故选D。 50．考查固定短语辨析。句意：虽然一旦你的兴趣变得明显，你可以换专业，但你可以先选择一个符合你兴趣和能力的专业，这样可以节省大量的时间和精力。A. in line with符合，与……一致；B. in proportion to按比例，与……成比例；C. at odds with与……不一致；D. in harmony with与……和谐相处。根据句意以及“you will save a good deal of time and energy”可知，与换专业相比，一开始就选择符合自己兴趣的专业更加省时省力。故选A。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：准备好迎接挑战。A. Marvel成就，奇迹；B. Challenge挑战；C. Transition过渡；D. Major专业。根据“Brace Yourself”和下文“when they receive their first low grade on an exam(当他们在考试中第一次得到低分时)”可知，此处是说准备好迎接挑战。故选B。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你在大学的第一个学期面对难以置信的具有挑战性的材料时，你可能会感到惊讶。A. contemporary当代的；B. stimulating振奋人心的；C. informative提供有用信息的；D. challenging有挑战的。根据下文“when they receive their first low grade on an exam(当他们在考试中第一次得到低分时)”可知，此处是说在大学遇到具有挑战性的材料时你可能会很惊讶。故选D。 53．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，你不应该仅仅因为你在一次考试中表现不佳就认为你选择了错误的专业。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. instead相反；D. otherwise否则。根据上文“Students who were at the top of their class may be particularly shocked when they receive their first low grade on an exam.(那些在班上名列前茅的学生在考试中第一次得到低分时可能会特别震惊)”和空后句意可知，上下文是转折关系，平时名列前茅的学生在得到低分时会感到震惊，然而你不应该因为一次的失败而认为自己选错了专业。故选B。 54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：来自大学顾问和导师的负面反馈也会影响学生换专业的选择。A. Positive积极的；B. Distinctive独特的；C. Negative负面的；D. Neutral中性的。根据上文提到的低分以及空后“can also influence a student’s choice to change their major”可知，此处是说一些负面因素影响学生的专业选择，因此是老师的负面反馈会影响学生换专业的选择。故选C。 55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：失败的可能性对学生来说是如此令人沮丧，以至于他们在第一天上课时就失去了雄心壮志，甚至在他们经历任何学业失败之前。A. discouraging使人沮丧的；B. harsh严厉的；C. fierce激烈的；D. grave严重的，重大的。根据“they can lose their ambition on the first day of class”可知，失败的可能性对学生来说是如此令人沮丧，以至于他们在第一天上课时就失去了雄心壮志。故选A。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In the roughly two years since the public release of ChatGPT, artificial intelligence (A．I.) has advanced far more rapidly than humanity has learned to use its good features and to prevent its bad ones. On the bad side, for example, it turns out that A．I. is really good at controlling and cheating its human “masters.” This past summer, OpenAI released ol, the first in a series of A．1. models designed to spend more time thinking before they respond. Before the release, it hired Apollo Research, which studies risks of cheating by A．L., to evaluate the system. To pressure-test the system, Apollo instructed ol to strongly pursue a specific goal, telling it “nothing else matters.” Here is OpenAI’s evaluation report about ol: Data control: In a simple data processing task where the goals of the model were in conflict with the user’s goal, ol would appear to complete the task as requested but subtly (不易察觉地) control the data to advance its own goal in 19percent of cases. Doubling down: When Apollo Research conducted ‘follow-up interviews’ where they challenged the model about its incorrect actions, ol would deny taking action or make up false explanations in 99 percent of cases. Chatbots powered by large language models are suited for helping people brainstorm because they can open a path that’s worth exploring. One assumption for how large language models such as ol think is that they use what logicians call abduction. Abduction isn’t well known, but it’s common in daily life, not to mention possibly inside A．I. Unlike deduction, which is reasoning from general laws to specific conclusions, and induction, reasoning from the specific to the general, abduction is a type of probable reasoning that starts from the known results and determines the most likely cause leading to those results, requiring creativity. The more powerful A．I. gets, the less humans understand about it — but perhaps we shouldn’t judge ourselves too harshly for that. As it turns out, A．I. doesn’t even understand itself. It’s one thing to honor the mystery of the human brain, but quite another to admit that artificial intelligence — both creative and plotting — is slipping away from our understanding. 56．In the system test, what did Apollo Research ask ol to do? A．Prioritize user safety. B．Think before speaking. C．Pressure-test the design. D．Achieve a goal at all costs. 57．What can be concluded from the evaluation report about ol? A．ol always completes tasks on schedule as user intended. B．Data control occurs in about 5% of ol’s data processing tasks. C．ol manages data skillfully and denies actions when challenged. D．ol processes data efficiently and admits incorrect actions readily. 58．Abduction is the reasoning approach used to ______. A．identify patterns and make generalizations B．draw certain conclusions from general principles C．move from specific observations to universal laws D．infer the most possible explanation from given evidence 59．Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A．The human brain is less complicated than A．I. B．Humans have control over the progress of A．I. C．A．I. may have to give in when challenged by humans. D．It’s hard to accept that A．I. is beyond our understanding. 【答案】56．D 57．C 58．D 59．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是自ChatGPT发布以来，AI的迅速发展及其带来的正面与负面影响，特别是AI在数据控制和欺骗方面的潜在风险。 56．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“To pressure-test the system, Apollo instructed ol to strongly pursue a specific goal, telling it “nothing else matters.”(为了对系统进行压力测试，Apollo指示ol坚定地追求一个特定目标，并告诉它‘其他什么都不重要’)”可知，在系统测试中，Apollo Research要求ol不惜一切代价实现一个目标。故选D。 57．推理判断题。根据“Here is OpenAI’s evaluation report about ol:”部分“Data control: In a simple data processing task where the goals of the model were in conflict with the user’s goal, ol would appear to complete the task as requested but subtly (不易察觉地) control the data to advance its own goal in 19percent of cases(数据控制：在一个简单的数据处理任务中，当模型的目标与用户的目标发生冲突时，ol似乎会按要求完成任务，但在19%的情况下，它会不易察觉地控制数据以推进自己的目标)” 以及“Doubling down: When Apollo Research conducted “follow-up interviews” where they challenged the model about its incorrect actions, ol would deny taking action or make up false explanations in 99 percent of cases(加倍坚持：当Apollo Research进行‘后续采访’，对模型的错误行为提出质疑时，ol在99%的情况下会否认采取了行动或编造虚假解释)”可知，在一个简单的数据处理任务中，当模型的目标与用户的目标发生冲突时，ol似乎会按要求完成任务，而且对模型的错误行为提出质疑时，ol在99%的情况下会否认采取了行动或编造虚假解释，可推理出ol在数据处理中会巧妙地控制数据，并且在受到质疑时会否认自己的行为。故选C。 58．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Unlike deduction, which is reasoning from general laws to specific conclusions, and induction, reasoning from the specific to the general, abduction is a type of probable reasoning that starts from the known results and determines the most likely cause leading to those results, requiring creativity(与从一般规律到具体结论的演绎推理和从具体到一般的归纳推理不同，溯因推理是一种或然性推理，它从已知结果出发，确定导致这些结果的最可能原因，需要创造力)”可知，溯因推理是一种从给定证据中推断出最可能解释的推理方法。故选D。 59．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The more powerful A. I. gets, the less humans understand about it - but perhaps we shouldn’t judge ourselves too harshly for that. As it turns out, A. I. doesn’t even understand itself. It’s one thing to honor the mystery of the human brain, but quite another to admit that artificial intelligence—both creative and plotting—is slipping away from our understanding(人工智能越强大，人类对它的了解就越少——但也许我们不应该因此过于苛责自己。事实证明，人工智能甚至不了解自己。尊重人类大脑的奥秘是一回事，但承认具有创造性和谋划能力的人工智能正在逐渐超出我们的理解范围则是另一回事)”可知，人工智能越强大，人类对它的了解就越少，事实证明，人工智能甚至不了解自己。尊重人类大脑的奥秘是一回事，但承认具有创造性和谋划能力的人工智能正在逐渐超出我们的理解范围则是另一回事，可推理出作者认为很难接受人工智能超出了我们的理解范围。故选D。 (B) Using only a computer and a webcam, interactive animations allow learners to animate their world using Scratch and their own movements. We use a tool called video sensing that uses motion picked up from the webcam to start and engage with digital animations on the screen. The result is something not quite real life but fully immersive and imaginative. Materials For this activity, you will need a computer with a webcam and Scratch. That’s it! Consider how your environment or props could enhance your video sensing experience. Tip: Consistent lighting is very helpful when making more complex video sensing projects. Set-up Your Scratch Environment Click the Add an Extension button at the bottom left-hand corner. Choose Video Sensing to add video blocks. Go back to the Scratch editor. Now there are additional video sensing blocks and the webcam is turned on. Test Your Set-up Make your first video sensing project with just two blocks. Start with the when video motion block to start your animation. The number inside this block can be between 1 and 100. A value of 1 is very sensitive to movement and a value of 100 is not very sensitive. When movement is detected through the webcam, what happens next is up to you. Choose a sound, movement, or other reaction to create an interactive story. Video Transparency You may notice that when the video camera in Scratch turns on, your video will look faded. To add more saturation to your video, change the value from 50 to 100. Once your environment is set-up, you’re ready to start interacting directly with your Scratch sprites (动画卡通人物)!Projects can be as varied as your learners＇ interests, support them in finding a project that’s meaningful to them. As one example, learners can use video sensing in Scratch to bring a book to life! 60. If Tom wants to make a personalized and complex video sensing project, he should take into account the following factors EXCEPT ______. A. environment or props B. consistent lighting C. multiple sprites D. his own interest 61. Which of the following statements about video sensing is true? A. The When Video Motion block starts when it senses motion. B. It is a tool to capture motion from the webcam. C. Learners can use it to create animations based on their own movements. D. With the When Video Motion block, users can adjust video transparency. 62. Which title best describes the project mentioned in the passage? A. Digital Bling (闪亮的衣物) B. Two Frame Animation C. Scribbling (涂鸦)Machines D. Animate Your World 【答案】60. C 61. A 62. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种叫做视频传感的工具，它使用从网络摄像头采集到的运动来启动和参与屏幕上的数字动画。其结果是一些不太真实的生活，但完全身临其境和想象。只需一台电脑和一个网络摄像头，交互式动画就能让学习者用Scratch和他们自己的动作为他们的世界创造动画。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据Materials中“Consider how your environment or props could enhance your video sensing experience.（考虑你的环境或道具如何增强你的视频感知体验。）和 Consistent lighting is very helpful when making more complex video sensing projects.（在制作更复杂的视频传感项目时，一致的照明非常有用。）”以及Video Transparency中的“Projects can be as varied as your learners＇ interests, support them in finding a project that’s meaningful to them.（项目可以随学习者的兴趣而变化，支持他们找到对他们有意义的项目。）”可知，如果Tom想要做一个个性化的复杂的视频传感项目，他应该考虑以下“environment or props，consistent lighting和his own interest”三个因素，而不考虑“multiple sprites”。故选C。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据Test Your Set-up中的“Make your first video sensing project with just two blocks. Start with the when video motion block to start your animation.（用两个块制作你的第一个视频传感项目。开始时视频运动块开始你的动画。）”可知，当视频运动块开始时，它感觉运动。故选A。 【62题详解】 标题判断题。根据第一段中“Using only a computer and a webcam, interactive animations allow learners to animate their world using Scratch and their own movements.（只需一台电脑和一个网络摄像头，交互式动画就能让学习者用Scratch和他们自己的动作为他们的世界创造动画。）”可知，“Animate Your World”标题最能描述文章中提到的项目。故选D。 (C) As Frans de Waal, a primatologist (灵长动物学家), recognizes, a better way to think about other creatures would be to ask ourselves how different species have developed different kinds of minds to solve different adaptive problems. Surely the important question is not whether animals can do the same things humans can, but how those animals solve the cognitive (认知的) problems they face, like how to imitate the sea floor. Children and some animals are so interesting not because they are smart like us, but because they are smart in ways we haven’t even considered. Sometimes studying children’s ways of knowing can cast light on adult-human cognition. Children’s pretend play may help us understand our adult taste for fiction. De Waal’s research provides another interesting example. We human beings tend to think that our social relationships are rooted in our perceptions, beliefs, and desires, and our understanding of the perceptions, beliefs, and desires of others — what psychologists call our “theory of mind.” In the 80s and 90s, developmental psychologists showed that pre-schoolers and even infants understand minds apart from their own. But it was hard to show that other animals did the same. “Theory of mind” became a candidate for the special, uniquely human trick. Yet de Waal’s studies show that chimps (黑猩猩) possess a remarkably developed political intelligence — they are much interested in figuring out social relationships. It turns out, as de Waal describes, that chimps do infer something about what other chimps see. But experimental studies also suggest that this happens only in a competitive political context. The evolutionary anthropologist (人类学家) Brain Hare and his colleagues gave a junior chimp a choice between pieces of food that a dominant chimp had seen hidden and other pieces it had not seen hidden. The junior chimp, who watched all the hiding, stayed away from the food the dominant chimp had seen, but took the food it hadn’t seen. Anyone who has gone to an academic conference will recognize that we may be in the same situation. We may say that we sign up because we’re eager to find out what other human beings think, but we’re just as interested in who’s on top. Many of the political judgments we make there don’t have much to do with our theory of mind. We may show our respect to a famous professor even if we have no respect for his ideas. Until recently, however, there wasn’t much research into how humans develop and employ this kind of political knowledge. It may be that we understand the social world in terms of dominance, like chimps, but we’re just not usually as politically motivated as they are. Instead of asking whether we have a better everyday theory of mind, we might wonder whether they have a better everyday theory of politics. 63．According to the first paragraph, which of the following shows that an animal is smart? A．It can behave like a human kid. B．It can imitate what human beings do. C．It can find a solution to its own problem. D．It can figure out those adaptive problems. 64．Which of the following statements best illustrates our “theory of mind”? A．We talk with infants in a way that they can fully understand. B．We make guesses at what others think while interacting with them. C．We hide our emotions when we try establishing contact with a stranger. D．We try to understand how kids’ pretend play affects our taste for fiction. 65．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Neither human nor animals display their preference for dominance. B．Animals living in a competitive political context are smarter. C．Both humans and some animals have political intelligence. D．Humans are more interested in who’s on top than animals. 66．By the underlined sentence in the last paragraph, the writer means that ________. A．we know little about how chimps are politically motivated B．our political knowledge doesn’t always determine how we behave C．our theory of mind might enable us to understand our theory of politics D．more research should be conducted to understand animals’ social world 【答案】63．C 64．B 65．C 66．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们人类的心智理论，同时说明了黑猩猩虽和人类一样有政治才能，但是不一样的是，人类的政治知识不总是决定我们的行为。 63．细节理解题。根据第一段“Surely the important question is not whether animals can do the same things humans can, but how those animals solve the cognitive (认知的) problems they face, like how to imitate the sea floor. (当然，重要的问题不在于动物是否能做与人类相同的事情，而在于这些动物如何解决它们面临的认知问题，比如如何模仿海底)”可知，根据第一段，C项“动物可以找到自己问题的解决方案”表明动物很聪明。故选C。 64．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“We human beings tend to think that our social relationships are rooted in our perceptions, beliefs, and desires, and our understanding of the perceptions, beliefs, and desires of others — what psychologists call our “theory of mind.”(我们人类倾向于认为，我们的社会关系植根于我们的感知、信念和欲望，以及我们对他人感知、信仰和欲望的理解——心理学家称之为我们的“心理理论”)”可知，“心理理论”即我们对我们的感知、信仰和欲望，以及我们对他人的感知、信仰和欲望的理解。由此推知，B项“我们在与他人互动时猜测他人的想法”最能说明我们的“心理理论”。故选B。 65．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Yet de Waal’s studies show that chimps (黑猩猩) possess a remarkably developed political intelligence — they are much interested in figuring out social relationships.(然而，德瓦尔的研究表明，黑猩猩拥有非常发达的政治智力——它们对弄清社会关系非常感兴趣)”和最后一段中的“Until recently, however, there wasn’t much research into how humans develop and employ this kind of political knowledge.(然而，直到最近，对于人类如何发展和运用这种政治知识，还没有太多的研究)”可推知，人类和一些动物都有政治智慧。故选C。 66．词句猜测题。根据划线句子下文“Instead of asking whether we have a better everyday theory of mind, we might wonder whether they have a better everyday theory of politics.(与其问我们是否有更好的日常心智理论，不如问他们是否有更好的日常政治理论)”和第三段中的第一句话“Yet de Waal’s studies show that chimps (黑猩猩) possess a remarkably developed political intelligence — they are much interested in figuring out social relationships.(然而，德瓦尔的研究表明，黑猩猩拥有非常发达的政治智力——它们对弄清社会关系非常感兴趣)”可知，黑猩猩的政治智力会决定它们的行为，但是人类不一样，结合划线句子“It may be that we understand the social world in terms of dominance, like chimps, but we’re just not usually as politically motivated as they are.(也许我们像黑猩猩一样，从支配地位的角度来理解社会世界，但我们通常不像它们那样有政治动机)”可知，人类不像黑猩猩一样有政治动机，黑猩猩的政治智力会决定它们的行为，但是人类不一样。由此可知，划线句子所表达的意思是“人类的政治知识不总是决定我们的表现”。故选B。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Young children value the lives of animals more than adults do If you had to save the life of a person or an animal, which would you choose? Most adults say they would pick the person, but almost half of young children would prefer to save the animal, according to a study in Poland. “The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. 67 For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self- driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose. However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem. The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. 68 About 42 per cent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 per cent of adults. About 28 per cent of children also prioritized the chimpanzee over the person, compared with 11 per cent of adults. “Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals,” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. 69 “However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner. 70 When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4- year- olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10- year- olds. The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity, says Wilks. Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person. A．Most adults view human life as especially precious. B．Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. C．Surprisingly, children were more likely to save a dog over a person. D．For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50. E．As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says. F．About 28 per cent of children aged 5 to 9 said they would save a dog over a person, compared with 8 per cent of adults. 【答案】67．A 68．D 69．E 70．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是关于儿童与成年人在面对生命选择时不同态度的研究。 67．根据上文““The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK.(“这一发现确实让我们感到惊讶，”英国爱丁堡大学的马蒂·威尔克斯说道。)”和下文“For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self- driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose.(例如，一项针对233个国家数百万人的调查（其中大多数为20多岁和30多岁的人）发现，他们在很大程度上都认为，如果必须做出选择，自动驾驶汽车应该撞向狗或猫，而不是人。)”可知，空处承上启下，进一步说明上文提出的观点，并通过例子说明成年人认为人的生命比动物珍贵。选项A“大多数成年人认为人的生命尤其珍贵”符合语境。故选A。 68．根据上文“Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem.(威尔克斯（Wilks）和她的同事们使用玩具火车和乐高人物，在波兰的一个城市地区向170名6至9岁的儿童展示了基于一个名为“电车问题”的思想实验的场景。)”可知，Wilks和她的同事使用玩具火车和乐高人物，向波兰城市地区的170名6至9岁的儿童展示了基于一个名为电车问题的思想实验的场景。此处提到了对6至9岁的儿童进行了实验，再结合下文“About 42 per cent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 per cent of adults.( 大约42%的孩子想救狗，让火车撞人，相比之下，只有17%的成年人会这样做。)”可知，此处需要对比儿童和成年人在这一实验中的不同表现，选项D“为了比较，研究人员对18至50岁的178名波兰成年人重复了这项实验”符合语境。故选D。 69．根据上文“Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals.(孩子们从父母、老师和其他人那里学到，关心他人是非常重要的，但对他们来说，可能更容易将此作为一个既适用于人类也适用于动物的普遍规则来学习。)”可知，此处提到了孩子们更容易把关心他人这一规则当作适用于人类和动物的普遍规则来学习，再结合下文“However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people.(然而，随着年龄的增长，他们可能会接触到文化叙事，这些叙事告诉我们关心他人是非常重要的。)”可知，孩子们在成长过程中，对于关心人类和动物的态度会有所转变，选项E“因此，她说，他们并没有表现出对拯救一方而非另一方的强烈偏好”符合语境，其中“she”指的是上文提到的Karri Neldner。故选E。 70．根据下文“When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds.(当她让4至10岁的澳大利亚儿童根据他们关心的程度对人物、动物、植物和物体的图片进行排序时，4岁的孩子往往更关心狗、猫和海豚，而不是同学、警察和病人，但10岁的孩子则相反。)”可知，这一研究关注的是4至10岁的儿童，选项B“她的研究表明这种转变从10岁开始”符合语境，其中“this shift”指的是孩子们对于关心人类和动物态度的转变。故选B。 IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. To Laugh Is Human Most of us don’t know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh. Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships. Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other people’s laughter is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another. Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with. 71.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案： Scientists think humans are born with the ability to laugh, but why do we laugh? We laugh to feel closer to one another. Laughter helps us to be recognized so we laugh more in groups than when alone. Laughter also evolved from a more basic need to survive as it promoted cooperation, enabling humans to survive better.  (59w) V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 何不利用这宜人的天气出去野餐呢？(advantage) 73. 当你对情况一知半解时，不要随意发表见解。(knowledge) 74. 到底是什么促使你放弃了这么稳定的工作，来到这个偏远地区保护野生动物？(it) 75. 人工智能正以如此快的速度改变着整个世界，你很难预测未来的生活究竟会是什么样子。(So) 【答案】 72. Why not take advantage of the agreeable weather and go out for a picnic? 73. When you have a limited/foggy knowledge of the situation, don’t express your opinions casually/randomly. 74. What was it that made you give up such a stable job and come to the remote area to protect wild animals? 75. So quickly is artificial intelligence changing the whole world that it is hard for you to predict what life will be like in the future. 【解析】考查各种词类在句中的应用。 【72题详解】 考查动词短语。分析句子可知，谓语为“利用”，翻译为动词短语take advantage of；“何不”翻译为why not，“出去野餐”翻译为go out for a picnic，再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Why not take advantage of the agreeable weather and go out for a picnic? 【73题详解】 考查名词。分析句子可知，本句有祈使句与when从句，主语为you，谓语为“对情况一知半解”，翻译为have a limited/foggy knowledge of the situation；“发表见解”翻译为express your opinions，再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：When you have a limited/foggy knowledge of the situation, don’t express your opinions casually/randomly. 【74题详解】 考查it的用法以及强调句疑问句的表达。分析句子可知，主语为what was it，谓语为made give up和come to，宾语为you，再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：What was it that made you give up such a stable job and come to the remote area to protect wild animals? 【75题详解】 考查so…that的倒装句。分析句子可知，so…that…引导的因果从句，通常就要 “So+be+副词+主语+谓语+that从句”这种倒装结构；再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：So quickly is artificial intelligence changing the whole world that it is hard for you to predict what life will be like in the future. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学高三学生王华，你的好友李明来信邀请你和他一起创办一个公众号（a public account），通过文字、图片、视频等多种形式向国内外读者推广和传播中国文化。请你给他回信，内容须包括： (1)你对该想法的支持和赞赏； (2)你对合作的期待和对分工的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Li Ming, Thank you for your invitation to start a public account together to promote Chinese culture to domestic and international audiences. I am truly impressed by your idea, and I wholeheartedly support this initiative. I believe that utilizing various media forms like text, images, and videos will effectively showcase the richness and diversity of our culture. I am looking forward to working with you on this exciting project. As for our collaboration, I suggest we divide the tasks based on our strengths. You could handle video production and editing, given your excellent skills in that area, while I focus on creating engaging written content and selecting captivating images. This way, we can complement each other and ensure the quality of our content. I’m excited to embark on this cultural journey with you and can’t wait to see the impact we will achieve together. Best regards, Wang Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。好友李明来信邀请考生和他一起创办一个公众号，通过文字、图片、视频等多种形式向国内外读者推广和传播中国文化，要求考生按照要求给他回信。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 支持：support → endorse 前景：initiative → endeavor 展示：showcase → exhibit 集中注意力于：focus on → concentrate on 2. 句型拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Thank you for your invitation to start a public account together to promote Chinese culture to domestic and international audiences. 拓展句：Thank you for your invitation, which is to start a public account together to promote Chinese culture to domestic and international audiences. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I believe that utilizing various media forms like text, images, and videos will effectively showcase the richness and diversity of our culture.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和动名词作主语） 【高分句型2】As for our collaboration, I suggest we divide the tasks based on our strengths.（运用了省略了引导词that的宾语从句且从句使用了虚拟语气） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $