Unit 4 Inspiration（单元测试·基础卷）英语沪教版选择性必修第二册

2025-2026学年高二选择性必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 4 ·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Annoyed. B. Curious. C. Pleased. D. Unconcerned. 2. A. The woman has finished her report. B. The man will help the woman with the report. C. The man advises the woman to have a break now. D. The woman needs a cup of coffee to go on with her report. 3. A. In a bookstore. B. In a shopping mall. C. At a car rental center. D. At an airport ticket counter. 4. A. To donate cash to help students continue their studies. B. To invest in establishing cash rewards for top students. C. To reward both high-achieving and progressing students. D. To encourage students with poorest grades through cash rewards. 5. A. It is an interesting book. B. It is worth reading again. C. It is difficult to understand. D. It is unrelated to the man's essay. 6. A. He had his brother redecorate it. B. He sought design ideas from the woman. C. He designed it himself with his brother's help. D. He hired a professional designer to decorate it. 7. A. It has existed for a long time. B. It can enhance the present chain. C. It is as perfect as it was shown in the presentation. D. It is too novel to be appreciated by regular suppliers. 8. A. To track the damaged package. B. To repair the package for the woman. C. To calculate the number of calls today. D. To submit a claim request for the woman. 9. A. Follow others’ footsteps. B. Admit his own weaknesses. C. Focus on self-improvement. D. Keep comparing with others. 10. A. Fictional and funny. B. Fact-based and traditional. C. Objective and entertaining. D. Unpredictable and amusing. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They can enjoy Olympic-standard events there. B. They can enjoy an open-door experience there. C. It allows the pool to be used for outdoor swimming. D. It creates a more spacious and comfortable environment. 12. A. Through equipment upgrades. B. By providing online training courses. C. Through weekly group training sessions. D. By offering full training and on-duty trainers. 13. A. Those who want to join LP Clubs. B. Passersby applying for a trainer position. C. Competitive athletes training for the Olympics. D. Locals who are interested in open-air experience. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To reduce car use. B. To decrease pollution. C. To ease economic pressure. D. To fund public transportation. 15. A. $2.25. B. $5. C. $9. D. $11.25. 16. A. It will have no effect on traffic or pollution. B. It may affect business and trouble daily drivers. C. The fees are too low to make any significant difference. D. It will lead to an increase in public transportation usage. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The vegetarian food festival. B. The prices of her farm goods. C. The way to the Newcastle City Hall. D. The man's help with her work on the farm. 18. A. She bakes items from vegetables. B. She hopes to promote her vegetable farm. C. She is seeking sellers for her home bakery. D. She wants to learn how to grow organic vegetables. 19. A. Owning a small farm shop. B. Providing necessary certificates. C. Uploading the pictures of home baking. D. Self-checking the safety of their produce. 20. A. The deadline for application. B. The completion of the baking task. C. The issuing of certificates to sellers. D. The closing date of the food festival. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Shifting women’s styles Trends come and go as time flies. You may get some clues about the fashion of ancient times from the videos produced by Zhu Ruoxuan, who 21 (vote) as one of Bilibili’s top 100 content creators in 2023. Born in 1998, Zhu began sharing her life on Bilibili in 2019, 22 (nickname) “Duoduo Hualin”, initially focusing on videos that show popular makeup in China. In 2021, she gained widespread attention, 23 at first her productions didn’t grow in popularity, thanks to a video depicting the evolution of the ordinary Chinese woman’s appearance and mindset. In the video, she also imitated the facial expressions of women from different time periods, capturing the uncertainty in the 1920s in China and their confidence 24 female workers in the 1950s. Despite 25 (lack) formal acting training, Zhu made full preparations for her videos. She studied women in old photos and movies 26 (imitate) their expressions, striving for accuracy. Zhu has started paying more attention to current social phenomena 27 (face) women since last year. At the end of a video, for instance, she depicted a character with pink hair who suffered cyber bullying due to her hairstyle. Zhu made clear that “I want everyone to see online violence could be fatal and 28 it was a necessary growth both for myself and my creation”. Zhu’s recent videos demonstrate a more compassionate approach toward women in historical periods. For instance, on Dec 13th, the annual National Memorial Day for Victims of the Nanjing Massacre, she released an anti-war video, 29 the transformation of an ordinary Chinese woman before and after the Nanjing massacre was portrayed. This video, which took two months to create, drew inspiration from Iris Chang’s book The Rape of Nanking, in which women cut their hair short during the war to conceal 30 among the refugees. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accountable B. target C. channeling D. tied E. coexist F. flow G. ultimately H. fueling I. formed J. doomed K. navigating Anger is a complicated emotion. Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for ____31____ interpersonal conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to blame for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is untouched. No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable ____32____ for your frustration. Yet for the ancient Stoics, the tornado and the noisy neighbor are basically identical. The Stoics believed life is like an uncontrollable cart we’re all ____33____ to, and we can either learn to go with the ____34____ or hurt ourselves fighting its momentum. In their logic, we all live at the whims of fate, and our actions can never actually change things — whether it’s a natural disaster or how others act towards us. So Stoics believe anger is always wrong, since it causes pain and is ____35____ fruitless. The 8th century Indian Buddhist philosopher Santideva also questioned our free will and the value of anger, arguing that because people often lack rational control over their emotions, we should endeavor not to let their anger and cruelty spread to us. But even if it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory of reactive attitudes suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other ____36____. In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so removing it would impair our social lives and moral communities. But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be tricky. For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be wrong to treat their moral mistakes like those of fully ___37____ adults. So when should you act on anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is illegally polluting the water supply. A long tradition in political philosophy argues that the righteous anger often invoked by witnessing this kind of injustice can be invaluable for ____38____ change and motivating community action. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress your anger, instead of ____39____ it into positive action. But other philosophers argue that anger has an inherent negative element that limits its transformative power. They cautioned that we should carefully adjust our emotional responses to ensure that we see others not as enemies but as community members with whom we must learn to ____40____, regardless of our ever-changing emotions. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook. Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to 41 people’s impression of us. Our appearance 42 particular significance in the original phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle - class man or woman may be alienated (疏远) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, 43 the person’s education, background, or interests. People tend to 44 what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the 45 of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they drive or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and 46 when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the 47 they must wear to play these roles successfully. 48 , many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you 49 a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance. In the workplace, men have long had 50 dress code and role models for achieving success. It had been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world 51 the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” (女性气质的) attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been more 52 than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more 53 for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming - shorter hair, 54 use of make - up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive women is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t 55 the job.” We need a change in this regard. 41．A．add to B．deal with C．set aside D．focus on 42．A．assumes B．appreciates C．minimizes D．assesses 43．A．in terms of B．because of C．instead of D．regardless of 44．A．agree on B．count on C．negotiate about D．hesitate about 45．A．specialties B．accomplishments C．characters D．lifestyles 46．A．comfortable B．competent C．sacred D．outgoing 47．A．uniforms B．costumes C．gloves D．pajamas 48．A．Moreover B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise 49．A．imitated B．resisted C．evaluated D．anticipated 50．A．long - lasting B．good - looking C．light - hearted D．well - defined 51．A．are uncertain about B．are distracted from C．are keen on D．are ashamed of 52．A．consistent B．fashionable C．diversified D．innovated 53．A．critically B．casually C．favourably D．honestly 54．A．frequent B．concrete C．moderate D．heavy 55．A．get B．spare C．survive D．maintain Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) To be honest. I’ve been missing the online shopping experience in China since I moved to the US four years ago. So when I noticed Shein becoming mainstream in the US over the past few years, I though, Great! I finally have a Taohao replacement! So I went on my first Shein journey in August 2022. But somewhere along the way, I started questioning why I enjoy this particular kind of shopping, and also what it means for an e-commerce platform to offer endless deals. To be fair, there are Shein purchases that I’ve really enjoyed, like a $2 nylon watchband that feels better than my original Apple Watch band. I also think people should be able to choose quantity and price over quality, because the idea of demanding that people only buy premium products feels unrealistic. But as it turns out, I’ve finally started to see through the illusion (错觉) of Shein-like platforms. To get these occasional incredible deals, you are encouraged to shop much more than is necessary or even reasonable. This illusion has worked for a long time and for a lot of people, including me! But it’s become harder and harder to ignore the environmental consequences of my purchases, and the ways in which platforms trick people into buying more and more. And I don’t think I’m the only one experiencing that awakening. Broadly speaking, I think society is slowly but surely shifting toward recognizing the climate impact of mass-produced cheap goods. While these conversations have yet to happen as widely and furiously in China, companies like Taobao and Shein will inevitably have to answer the question of whether their business model is sustainable for everyone—or only for themselves. So where are they beading from here? There’s certainly a lot of soul-searching for the industry to do. And I’m doing some soul-searching of my own. 56．Why does the author mention a “$2 nylon watchband”? A．To compare it with her original band. B．To persuade readers to buy it. C．To show her satisfaction with Shein. D．To show its cheapness. 57．What does the underlined word “premium” mean in the third paragraph? A．High-quantity. B．Expensive. C．High-quality. D．Original. 58．What do the customers tend to do with the illusion of Shein-like platforms? A．They get incredible products on sale. B．They often buy much more than what they need. C．They ignore the environmental impacts. D．They are tricked into buying more and more reasonable products. 59．What is a consequence of endless deals in e-commerce platforms? A．Environmental harm. B．Price reduction. C．Energy shortage. D．Worldwide starvation. (B) Tutor Wanted Teach a kindergartener how to read online. Become a volunteer tutor with Learn To Be! LTB tutors are dedicated volunteers who believe deeply in educational equity. Our tutors volunteer their time to make the lives of under-served K-12 kids and their families easier, their opportunities greater, and their dreams bigger. Commit to tutoring at least 2 times per week for 3 months or longer. Support your students with homework help or use the resources provided by LTB to create your own lesson plans for your student. Visit our website to apply: https://www.learntobe.org Tutor adults in English The South Bay Literacy Council is an all-volunteer, non-profit organization dedicated to teaching adults to read, write and speak English in the South Bay, Los Angeles area. You’d commit to meeting weekly with your students online or in-person. We ask volunteers to make a 9-month commitment due to the time it takes to train and match tutors with students. Visit our website to apply: http://www.southbayliteracy.org Tutor for Remove the Borders Being a tutor for Remove the Borders is a great opportunity to gain volunteer hours while learning about how socioeconomic status and learning disabilities can hold students back. Dates on when you tutor will be worked out between you and the person you are tutoring. The minimum amount of sessions you have to tutor is three. Visit our website to apply: https://forms.gle/eJ2j8BAWAAeApEQq9 Teach online STEM classes Across the country, millions of students lack the resources to learn about STEM and computer science. Our non-profit organization strives to provide this vital area of education to underprivileged students through engaging in online classes. As a volunteer teacher, you will earn service hours while developing critical communication, teaching, and leadership skills. These class sessions will run for eight weeks, and have a time commitment of three hours per week. Visit our website to apply: https://www.roboticsforall.net/overview-of-positions.html 60．Who is Learn To Be intended for? A．Disadvantaged K-12 students. B．Students with learning disabilities. C．Grown-ups interested in English. D．Information technology majors. 61．Which program is most suitable for a volunteer without much time? A．Teach a kindergartener how to read online. B．Tutor adults in English. C．Tutor for Remove the Borders. D．Teach online STEM classes. 62．What do these four programs have in common? A．Only online service is offered. B．People can attend classes free of charge. C．Volunteers will acquire service hours. D．Applicants for volunteers’ jobs need to sign up online. (C) A new study describes a surprising number of coastal marine invertebrate (无脊椎动物) species thriving in floating communities in deep ocean waters. What's their secret? They are colonizing ever-expanding rafts of plastic debris. The study was led by researchers from the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) and the University of Hawaii (UH) at Mānoa. They found a diverse range of taxonomic groups of coastal species in the eastern North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (北太平洋副热带流涡区) on over 70 percent of the plastic debris they examined. Not only that, but the debris carried more coastal species than open ocean species. “This discovery suggests that past biogeographical boundaries among marine ecosystems-established for millions of years-are rapidly changing due to floating plastic pollution accumulating in the subtropical gyres,” said lead author Linsey Haram, research associate at SERC． These floating communities, or “neopelagic (新远洋的) communities” , in deep oceanwaters were only recently discovered by scientists. The researchers looked at 105 plastic samples collected by The Ocean Cleanup during their 2018 and 2019 expeditions in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, which occupies most of the northern Pacific Ocean. “We were extremely astonished to find 37 different invertebrate species that normally live in coastal waters, over triple the number of species we found that live in open waters, not only surviving on the plastic but also reproducing. Our results suggest coastal organisms now are able to reproduce, grow, and persist in the open ocean---creating a novel community that did not previously exist, being sustained by the vast and expanding sea of plastic debris," said Haram. This phenomenon will take a heavy toll on marine ecosystems. “The Hawaiian Islands are neighbored in the northeast by the North Pacific garbage patch. Debris that breaks off from this patch constitutes the majority of debris arriving on Hawaiian beaches and reefs,” said Nikolai Maximenko, senior researcher of the UH. “In the past, the fragile marine ecosystems of the islands were protected by the very long distances from coastal communities of Asia and North America,” Maximenko adds. “The presence of coastal species persisting in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre near Hawaii is a game changer that indicates that the islands are at an increased risk of colonization by invasive species.” 63．What transformed the oceanic biogeographical boundaries? A．The accumulation of plastic rafts. B．The plate movement of the sea floor. C．The shift of ocean currents. D．The pollution of coastal waters. 64．The scientists felt surprised because ______. A．more invertebrate species lived in coastal waters than ever before B．the North Pacific garbage patch was continuously expanding C．coastal invertebrate species thrived on plastic debris D．various open-ocean species had gathered along the coastline 65．What is Maximenko’s attitude to plastic debris in the ocean? A．Tolerant. B．Concerned. C．Optimistic. D．Ambiguous. 66．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Effects of Plastic on Biodiversity of Deep Ocean Waters B．Competition Between Coastal and Open-ocean Species C．Methods for Being Rid of the Sea of Plastic Pollution D．Unexpected Species' Colonization on Plastic Rafts at Sea Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Teaching the whole child Aristotle taught his students the importance of managing their emotions. John Dewey, an early 20th-century reformer, sparked the idea that teachers must educate the “whole child”. For decades wealthy parents in Britain (and a few other places) sent kids to boarding schools in the hope that they would pick up traits such as independence and resilience. 67 Many educators today take enthusiastically to this thinking, under the support of “social and emotional learning” (SEL), a term as confusing as it is ubiquitous (十分普遍的). Supporters of SEL say that teachers could be doing heaps more to instil (逐渐灌输) in youngsters useful attributes such as optimism, empathy and emotional stability. The pandemic supercharged interest in this approach, as educators searched for ways to improve young teens’ lagging social skills or give them techniques for beating the blues. 68 They worry that all sorts of false ideas are riding in on its coat-tails. 69 For one thing, enthusiasts have sought to be more rigorous (严格的) in defining the non-academic traits which they seek to nurture, and in seeking to measure their growth. In April the OECD-an organization that for years has carried out international tests in maths, reading and science-published data claiming to show which of a dozen or so character traits best predict higher test scores (persistence and curiosity, for example) and which seem good for mental health (“energy” and “trust”, to take two). To produce these metrics (衡量标准), analysts sent youngsters in 15 countries surveys seeking to measure these characteristics. The goal is to start making these traits more visible — and, ideally, improvable — in school. Teachers these days have also grown a lot more likely than their predecessors to try to teach such social and emotional skills through explicit courses of study (rather than seeking only to transmit them through, say, extracurricular activities or the broader culture of a school).   70 The trend is towards programmes that are taught to whole classes, rather than reserved for individual kids with obvious anger-management or self-esteem issues. And older kids are getting this type of instruction now, not just pre-school toddlers and primary-school pupils. Educators have come to realise that “we shouldn’t stop promoting these things after a child has turned seven,” says Hannah Ulferts of the OECD． A．Yet critics see a shiny distraction from the hard work of academic learning. B．A growing range of commercial curriculums provide lesson plans in service of SEL. C．The modern business of SEL builds on previous thinking in a number of ways. D．That could improve classroom behaviour, goes the thinking, which would reduce disruptions and enable lessons to go more smoothly. E．It is not controversial to argue that a young child’s first years in education are as much about learning social skills and self-control as about anything else. F．The costs and benefits of the surge in such teaching are not yet clear, but there are reasons to question whether it is all for the good. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Scientists Discover Animal Language It is human beings’ pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research cast doubt on that common belief. Zuberbuhler, a psychologist at St. Andrews University, and his colleagues recorded thousands of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that the monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaning to warn one another about different situations. For example, they made a ‘krack’ alarm call at the sight of tiger. However, when they merely repeated calls made by other monkeys they added an ‘oo’. The researchers found that the same calls would be recognised by other species, like Campbell’s monkeys. So they are communicating across species. “And since then we have found that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too can understand all the different meanings”, said Zuberbuhler. What is also surprising is that signs of intelligence have been found in birds, whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to sentience. However, all is changing fast. A few years ago Irene Pepperberg of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology taught a parrot to recognise and count up to six objects and describe their shapes, which couldn’t have been achieved if birds were unable to memorize. Last year, that was topped by Alex Kacelnik, a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford, who discovered that crows (乌鸦) are capable of using tools in complex orders, the first time such behaviour has been observed in non-humans. In an experiment seven crows successfully grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using three different lengths of stick. Crucially, they were able to complete the task without any special training, suggesting the birds were capable of a level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans. All this is powerful evidence against the idea that people are unique. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 开展研究之前，你必须进行可行性分析。(It) ____________________________ 73. 只有经常与最初的目标对照，你才能确保最终获得成功。(Only) ____________________________ 74. 听书是否会打消孩子自己去读这本书的积极性还没有定论。(discourage) ____________________________ 75. 正当医生们面对缺少稀有血一筹莫展时，一个病人家属主动提出了献血。(idea) ____________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览(Chinese painting exhibition)。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括： 1.写信目的；2.个人优势；3.能做的事情。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 可参考词汇：introduce介绍、spread传播、appreciate欣赏、foreign外国的 Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二选择性必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 4 ·基础卷（参考答案） I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1-5 AADCA 6-10 CBDCC 11-13 DDA 14-16 ACB 17-20 AABA II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A 21．was voted 22．nicknamed 23．although/though/while 24．as 25．lacking 26．to imitate 27．facing 28．that 29．where 30．themselves Section B 31. K 32. B 33. D 34. F 35. G 36. A 37. I 38. H 39. C 40. E III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 41．B 42．A 43．D 44．A 45．D 46．B 47．B 48．A 49．D 50．D 51．A 52．C 53．C 54．C 55．A Section B 56． C 57．C 58．B 59．A 60．A 61．C 62．D 63．A 64．C 65．B 66．D Section C 67． E 68．A 69．C 70．B IV.Summary Writing (共10分） 71. Scientist have discovered signs of language and intelligence in monkeys and birds. Some monkeys can communicate various meanings with different calls and across species. Some birds, like parrot and crows, have the ability to recognize and reason. So language and intelligence are not unique to humans. (46 ) V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) 72. It’s a must for you to analyze its feasibility before conducting a research. 73. Only by checking the initial goal frequently, can you make sure that success is achieved finally. 74. Whether listening to a book will discourage children from reading it on their own remains an open question. 75. Just when the doctors had no idea what to do with the lack of rare blood, a family member of a patient offered to donate his/her blood. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Dear Sir or Madam,       I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition which will be held in your art gallery.       I think I am qualified for this job, because I have learned Chinese paintings since childhood. Besides, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings. Moreover, I am outgoing and I like talking to others. If I am lucky enough to be chosen as a volunteer, I can show visitors around the gallery and get them to know more about Chinese paintings.       I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $黄浦区2025年高考模拟考英语试卷one listening comprehension . section a directions in section a，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice is the best answer to the question you have heard. Now you have one hundred seconds to read all the choices on the screen. One as a kid, did you know what job you wanted to do when you grow up? No, I didn't. And I got sick every time. Adults ask me what I wanted to be when I grew up. Question, how did the woman feel when adults asked about her future career as a kid? Two, I stayed up late, finishing a report. IT was a lot of work, but it's done now. That's great. You deserve a coffee break. Later . question, what can we learn from the conversation? Three, hello, I need to change my flight. Can you help me with that? Of course, I can assist you with that. May I have your booking reference . number question, where does this conversation most probably take place? For your proposal to pay cash rewards to students who get good grades is a particular problem. What about students who don't get good grades? But my proposal is not just to reward students with good grades, but also students who show improvement. Question, what's the man's proposal? Five, a friend recommended the book the three body problem, but i've been so busy writing my essay that I haven't been able to read for pleasure in months. Well, sounds like if you're going to read anything for fun, this is the . book question. What does the woman think of the book? The three body problem? Six, oh, I love your apartment. IT looks like you had a professional designer. No, I didn't. All by myself with a little help from my brother greg, who was actually in the home decoration business. Question, how did the man deal with his apartment? Seven, I appreciate your presentation, but we already have regular suppliers. I understand . your faith fitness to current suppliers completely, but our novel technology could be the perfect addition to your existing chain question. What does the woman think of their technology? eight. Hi, i'm calling about a package I received today. It's badly damaged. I'm sorry to hear that. Could I get your tracking number to start . a claim question? What does the man intend to do? Nine, i'm always trying to be as good as others, but I never seem to get there. When you compare your current status with a starting point, you'll find you've made progress, right? Question, what does the woman imply the man should do? Ten, so will your new seal style be like that of the documentary? Kind of IT will be like a documentary in the sense that IT will be non fiction. In fact, based. However, our idea is for IT to be also fun and entertaining, something which traditional documentaries aren't . so much question. What would the new show be like? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you'll be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question. You have heard questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. Now you have thirty seconds to read all the choices . on the screen on behalf of L. P. Clubs, i'd like to welcome you all here today. My name's Sandy Fisher, and i'm one of the fitness managers here. Before we start our tour of the club, i'll just run through some basic information about the facilities we have here, including recent improvements, our greatest resources, probably our swimming pool. Although IT is twenty five metres long, which isn't olympic size, we've now expanded IT from six lanes to eight, so it's much wider. This means there are rather more than a couple of people at a time in each lane. Unfortunately, there isn't space for an outdoor pool here, but the glass roof on the swimming pool can be partially withdrawn, which means you can enjoy something of the OpenAIr experience on warmer days. Our recently modernized fitness center has all the latest exercise equipment, including ten new running machines and a wide range of weight training machines. Each member is given full training in how to Operate the equipment, and there is always a trainer on duty to offer help . and advice. Now listen again, on behalf of L. P. Clubs, i'd like to welcome you all here today, my named Sandy Fisher, and i'm one of the fittings bandages here before we start our tour of the club are just run through some basic information about the facilities we have here, including recent improvements. Our greatest resource is probably our swimming pool. Although IT is twenty five meters long, which isn't olympic sized, we've now expanded IT from six lanes to eight, so it's much wider. This means there are rarely more than a couple of people at a time in each lane. Unfortunately, there is a space for an outdoor poll here, but the glass proof on the swiming pool can be partially withdrawn, which means you can enjoy something of the OpenAIr experience on warmer day. Our recently modernized the fitness center has all the latest exercise equipment, including ten new running machines and a wide range of weight training machines. Each member is given the full training in how to Operate the equipment, and there is always a trainer on duty to offer help and advise. Questions eleven, how does the recent expansion enhance the swiming pool experience for members? Twelve, how does the fitness center support members in using the equipment effectively? Thirteen who are the target listeners of this talk. Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Now you have thirty seconds to read all the choices on the screen. New york city is road pricing isn't the first of its kind in the U. S. So what is road pricing while it's a fee charged per car with a goal of discouraging driving, so as of january the fifth, driving into manhattan got even Price. A passenger vehicles now pay nine dollars during the hours and two point two five during off p hours overnight to enter manhattan. Each day, trucks will also be charged to fees for p and off p hours for each trip into manhattan. Road pricing has been a debated topic concept there for decades. As early as the nineteen fifties, those in favor of road pricing, say IT, would reduce traffic in one of the world's deniest and busiest areas, while also reducing pollution and providing a source of income for city project. On the other hand, critics are saying that IT will direct business away from the city and is an unnecessary burden on those who traveled to and from work by car every day. Now listen again, new york city y's road pricing is the first of its kind in the U. S. So what is road pricing? Well, it's a fee charged per car with the goal of discouraging driving. So as of january fifth, driving into manhattan got even Price. Er passenger vehicles now pay nine dollars during peak hours and two dollars twenty five cents during off peak hours overnight. The enter man happened . each day. Trucks will also be charged fees for peak and off peak hours for each trip into manhattan. Road pricing has been a debated topic concept there for decades as early as the one, nine hundred and fifty years. Those in favour of road pricing say IT would reduce traffic in one of the world's densest and busiest areas, while also reducing pollution in providing a source of income for city projects. On the other hand, critics are saying that IT will direct business away from the city, and it's an unnecessary burden on those who traveled to and from work by . car everyday questions fourteen, what is the main purpose of new york cities road pricing? Fifteen, how much would a car driver pay for one trip into manhattan during peak hours? Sixteen, what are the concerns of critics regarding road pricing? Question seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Now you have forty seconds to read all the choices on the screen. Hello, good afternoon. I have an inquiry to make. It's about the vegetarian food festival. You are holding on the nineteen, the August at the newcastle city hall. Yes, of course, my name's phillip. How can I help you? IT says on your website that you are still looking for sellers, and I grow organic vegetables on my farm as well as doing my own homemaking. Would I be able to sell both the vegetables and items baked from them at the festival? That's exactly the type of thing we are looking for. We are getting close to the deadline. However, do you prefer to fill out an application on the well, or to print IT out and fill IT in by hand, and then post IT back to us? Remember that you will have to have all your certificates at hand when you are filling out the forms as the standards are high, and they will be carefully checked before anyone will be able to sell their products at the event. I should be fine with doing IT on your website, and I already have all my certificate as we run a small farm shop, too. good. Remember that the closing date is next tuesday, the twenty eighth of june. That's absolutely wonderful. Thank you so much for your help. Goodbye. bye. Now listen again. Hello, good afternoon. I have an inquiry to make. It's about the vegetarian food festival you are holding on the night, the August at the newcastle city hall. Yes, of course, my named phillip. How can I help you? IT says on your website that you are still looking for sellers, and I grow organic vegetables on my farm as well. There is doing my own home baking. Would I be able to sell both the vegetables and items baked from them at the festival? That's exactly the type of thing we are looking for. We are getting close to the deadline. However, do you prefer to fill out an application on the well, or to print IT out and fill IT in by hand, then post IT back to us? Remember that you will have to have all your certificates at hand when you are filming out the forms, as the standards are high, and they will be carefully checked before anyone will be able to sell their products at the event. I should be fine with doing IT on your website, and I already have all my as we run a small farm shop, too. good. Remember that the closing date is next tuesday, the twenty eighth of june. That's absolutely wonderful. Thank you so much for your help. Goodbye, bye. Questions seventeen, what is the woman inquire about? Eighteen one can be learned about the woman. Nineteen, what is the requirement for those who apply to sell produce at the festival? Twenty one final reminder, does Philip give the woman? 2025-2026学年高二选择性必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 4 ·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Annoyed. B. Curious. C. Pleased. D. Unconcerned. 2. A. The woman has finished her report. B. The man will help the woman with the report. C. The man advises the woman to have a break now. D. The woman needs a cup of coffee to go on with her report. 3. A. In a bookstore. B. In a shopping mall. C. At a car rental center. D. At an airport ticket counter. 4. A. To donate cash to help students continue their studies. B. To invest in establishing cash rewards for top students. C. To reward both high-achieving and progressing students. D. To encourage students with poorest grades through cash rewards. 5. A. It is an interesting book. B. It is worth reading again. C. It is difficult to understand. D. It is unrelated to the man's essay. 6. A. He had his brother redecorate it. B. He sought design ideas from the woman. C. He designed it himself with his brother's help. D. He hired a professional designer to decorate it. 7. A. It has existed for a long time. B. It can enhance the present chain. C. It is as perfect as it was shown in the presentation. D. It is too novel to be appreciated by regular suppliers. 8. A. To track the damaged package. B. To repair the package for the woman. C. To calculate the number of calls today. D. To submit a claim request for the woman. 9. A. Follow others’ footsteps. B. Admit his own weaknesses. C. Focus on self-improvement. D. Keep comparing with others. 10. A. Fictional and funny. B. Fact-based and traditional. C. Objective and entertaining. D. Unpredictable and amusing. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They can enjoy Olympic-standard events there. B. They can enjoy an open-door experience there. C. It allows the pool to be used for outdoor swimming. D. It creates a more spacious and comfortable environment. 12. A. Through equipment upgrades. B. By providing online training courses. C. Through weekly group training sessions. D. By offering full training and on-duty trainers. 13. A. Those who want to join LP Clubs. B. Passersby applying for a trainer position. C. Competitive athletes training for the Olympics. D. Locals who are interested in open-air experience. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To reduce car use. B. To decrease pollution. C. To ease economic pressure. D. To fund public transportation. 15. A. $2.25. B. $5. C. $9. D. $11.25. 16. A. It will have no effect on traffic or pollution. B. It may affect business and trouble daily drivers. C. The fees are too low to make any significant difference. D. It will lead to an increase in public transportation usage. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The vegetarian food festival. B. The prices of her farm goods. C. The way to the Newcastle City Hall. D. The man's help with her work on the farm. 18. A. She bakes items from vegetables. B. She hopes to promote her vegetable farm. C. She is seeking sellers for her home bakery. D. She wants to learn how to grow organic vegetables. 19. A. Owning a small farm shop. B. Providing necessary certificates. C. Uploading the pictures of home baking. D. Self-checking the safety of their produce. 20. A. The deadline for application. B. The completion of the baking task. C. The issuing of certificates to sellers. D. The closing date of the food festival. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Shifting women’s styles Trends come and go as time flies. You may get some clues about the fashion of ancient times from the videos produced by Zhu Ruoxuan, who 21 (vote) as one of Bilibili’s top 100 content creators in 2023. Born in 1998, Zhu began sharing her life on Bilibili in 2019, 22 (nickname) “Duoduo Hualin”, initially focusing on videos that show popular makeup in China. In 2021, she gained widespread attention, 23 at first her productions didn’t grow in popularity, thanks to a video depicting the evolution of the ordinary Chinese woman’s appearance and mindset. In the video, she also imitated the facial expressions of women from different time periods, capturing the uncertainty in the 1920s in China and their confidence 24 female workers in the 1950s. Despite 25 (lack) formal acting training, Zhu made full preparations for her videos. She studied women in old photos and movies 26 (imitate) their expressions, striving for accuracy. Zhu has started paying more attention to current social phenomena 27 (face) women since last year. At the end of a video, for instance, she depicted a character with pink hair who suffered cyber bullying due to her hairstyle. Zhu made clear that “I want everyone to see online violence could be fatal and 28 it was a necessary growth both for myself and my creation”. Zhu’s recent videos demonstrate a more compassionate approach toward women in historical periods. For instance, on Dec 13th, the annual National Memorial Day for Victims of the Nanjing Massacre, she released an anti-war video, 29 the transformation of an ordinary Chinese woman before and after the Nanjing massacre was portrayed. This video, which took two months to create, drew inspiration from Iris Chang’s book The Rape of Nanking, in which women cut their hair short during the war to conceal 30 among the refugees. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accountable B. target C. channeling D. tied E. coexist F. flow G. ultimately H. fueling I. formed J. doomed K. navigating Anger is a complicated emotion. Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for ____31____ interpersonal conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to blame for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is untouched. No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable ____32____ for your frustration. Yet for the ancient Stoics, the tornado and the noisy neighbor are basically identical. The Stoics believed life is like an uncontrollable cart we’re all ____33____ to, and we can either learn to go with the ____34____ or hurt ourselves fighting its momentum. In their logic, we all live at the whims of fate, and our actions can never actually change things — whether it’s a natural disaster or how others act towards us. So Stoics believe anger is always wrong, since it causes pain and is ____35____ fruitless. The 8th century Indian Buddhist philosopher Santideva also questioned our free will and the value of anger, arguing that because people often lack rational control over their emotions, we should endeavor not to let their anger and cruelty spread to us. But even if it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory of reactive attitudes suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other ____36____. In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so removing it would impair our social lives and moral communities. But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be tricky. For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be wrong to treat their moral mistakes like those of fully ___37____ adults. So when should you act on anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is illegally polluting the water supply. A long tradition in political philosophy argues that the righteous anger often invoked by witnessing this kind of injustice can be invaluable for ____38____ change and motivating community action. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress your anger, instead of ____39____ it into positive action. But other philosophers argue that anger has an inherent negative element that limits its transformative power. They cautioned that we should carefully adjust our emotional responses to ensure that we see others not as enemies but as community members with whom we must learn to ____40____, regardless of our ever-changing emotions. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook. Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to 41 people’s impression of us. Our appearance 42 particular significance in the original phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle - class man or woman may be alienated (疏远) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, 43 the person’s education, background, or interests. People tend to 44 what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the 45 of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they drive or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and 46 when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the 47 they must wear to play these roles successfully. 48 , many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you 49 a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance. In the workplace, men have long had 50 dress code and role models for achieving success. It had been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world 51 the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” (女性气质的) attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been more 52 than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more 53 for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming - shorter hair, 54 use of make - up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive women is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t 55 the job.” We need a change in this regard. 41．A．add to B．deal with C．set aside D．focus on 42．A．assumes B．appreciates C．minimizes D．assesses 43．A．in terms of B．because of C．instead of D．regardless of 44．A．agree on B．count on C．negotiate about D．hesitate about 45．A．specialties B．accomplishments C．characters D．lifestyles 46．A．comfortable B．competent C．sacred D．outgoing 47．A．uniforms B．costumes C．gloves D．pajamas 48．A．Moreover B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise 49．A．imitated B．resisted C．evaluated D．anticipated 50．A．long - lasting B．good - looking C．light - hearted D．well - defined 51．A．are uncertain about B．are distracted from C．are keen on D．are ashamed of 52．A．consistent B．fashionable C．diversified D．innovated 53．A．critically B．casually C．favourably D．honestly 54．A．frequent B．concrete C．moderate D．heavy 55．A．get B．spare C．survive D．maintain Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) To be honest. I’ve been missing the online shopping experience in China since I moved to the US four years ago. So when I noticed Shein becoming mainstream in the US over the past few years, I though, Great! I finally have a Taohao replacement! So I went on my first Shein journey in August 2022. But somewhere along the way, I started questioning why I enjoy this particular kind of shopping, and also what it means for an e-commerce platform to offer endless deals. To be fair, there are Shein purchases that I’ve really enjoyed, like a $2 nylon watchband that feels better than my original Apple Watch band. I also think people should be able to choose quantity and price over quality, because the idea of demanding that people only buy premium products feels unrealistic. But as it turns out, I’ve finally started to see through the illusion (错觉) of Shein-like platforms. To get these occasional incredible deals, you are encouraged to shop much more than is necessary or even reasonable. This illusion has worked for a long time and for a lot of people, including me! But it’s become harder and harder to ignore the environmental consequences of my purchases, and the ways in which platforms trick people into buying more and more. And I don’t think I’m the only one experiencing that awakening. Broadly speaking, I think society is slowly but surely shifting toward recognizing the climate impact of mass-produced cheap goods. While these conversations have yet to happen as widely and furiously in China, companies like Taobao and Shein will inevitably have to answer the question of whether their business model is sustainable for everyone—or only for themselves. So where are they beading from here? There’s certainly a lot of soul-searching for the industry to do. And I’m doing some soul-searching of my own. 56．Why does the author mention a “$2 nylon watchband”? A．To compare it with her original band. B．To persuade readers to buy it. C．To show her satisfaction with Shein. D．To show its cheapness. 57．What does the underlined word “premium” mean in the third paragraph? A．High-quantity. B．Expensive. C．High-quality. D．Original. 58．What do the customers tend to do with the illusion of Shein-like platforms? A．They get incredible products on sale. B．They often buy much more than what they need. C．They ignore the environmental impacts. D．They are tricked into buying more and more reasonable products. 59．What is a consequence of endless deals in e-commerce platforms? A．Environmental harm. B．Price reduction. C．Energy shortage. D．Worldwide starvation. (B) Tutor Wanted Teach a kindergartener how to read online. Become a volunteer tutor with Learn To Be! LTB tutors are dedicated volunteers who believe deeply in educational equity. Our tutors volunteer their time to make the lives of under-served K-12 kids and their families easier, their opportunities greater, and their dreams bigger. Commit to tutoring at least 2 times per week for 3 months or longer. Support your students with homework help or use the resources provided by LTB to create your own lesson plans for your student. Visit our website to apply: https://www.learntobe.org Tutor adults in English The South Bay Literacy Council is an all-volunteer, non-profit organization dedicated to teaching adults to read, write and speak English in the South Bay, Los Angeles area. You’d commit to meeting weekly with your students online or in-person. We ask volunteers to make a 9-month commitment due to the time it takes to train and match tutors with students. Visit our website to apply: http://www.southbayliteracy.org Tutor for Remove the Borders Being a tutor for Remove the Borders is a great opportunity to gain volunteer hours while learning about how socioeconomic status and learning disabilities can hold students back. Dates on when you tutor will be worked out between you and the person you are tutoring. The minimum amount of sessions you have to tutor is three. Visit our website to apply: https://forms.gle/eJ2j8BAWAAeApEQq9 Teach online STEM classes Across the country, millions of students lack the resources to learn about STEM and computer science. Our non-profit organization strives to provide this vital area of education to underprivileged students through engaging in online classes. As a volunteer teacher, you will earn service hours while developing critical communication, teaching, and leadership skills. These class sessions will run for eight weeks, and have a time commitment of three hours per week. Visit our website to apply: https://www.roboticsforall.net/overview-of-positions.html 60．Who is Learn To Be intended for? A．Disadvantaged K-12 students. B．Students with learning disabilities. C．Grown-ups interested in English. D．Information technology majors. 61．Which program is most suitable for a volunteer without much time? A．Teach a kindergartener how to read online. B．Tutor adults in English. C．Tutor for Remove the Borders. D．Teach online STEM classes. 62．What do these four programs have in common? A．Only online service is offered. B．People can attend classes free of charge. C．Volunteers will acquire service hours. D．Applicants for volunteers’ jobs need to sign up online. (C) A new study describes a surprising number of coastal marine invertebrate (无脊椎动物) species thriving in floating communities in deep ocean waters. What's their secret? They are colonizing ever-expanding rafts of plastic debris. The study was led by researchers from the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) and the University of Hawaii (UH) at Mānoa. They found a diverse range of taxonomic groups of coastal species in the eastern North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (北太平洋副热带流涡区) on over 70 percent of the plastic debris they examined. Not only that, but the debris carried more coastal species than open ocean species. “This discovery suggests that past biogeographical boundaries among marine ecosystems-established for millions of years-are rapidly changing due to floating plastic pollution accumulating in the subtropical gyres,” said lead author Linsey Haram, research associate at SERC． These floating communities, or “neopelagic (新远洋的) communities” , in deep oceanwaters were only recently discovered by scientists. The researchers looked at 105 plastic samples collected by The Ocean Cleanup during their 2018 and 2019 expeditions in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, which occupies most of the northern Pacific Ocean. “We were extremely astonished to find 37 different invertebrate species that normally live in coastal waters, over triple the number of species we found that live in open waters, not only surviving on the plastic but also reproducing. Our results suggest coastal organisms now are able to reproduce, grow, and persist in the open ocean---creating a novel community that did not previously exist, being sustained by the vast and expanding sea of plastic debris," said Haram. This phenomenon will take a heavy toll on marine ecosystems. “The Hawaiian Islands are neighbored in the northeast by the North Pacific garbage patch. Debris that breaks off from this patch constitutes the majority of debris arriving on Hawaiian beaches and reefs,” said Nikolai Maximenko, senior researcher of the UH. “In the past, the fragile marine ecosystems of the islands were protected by the very long distances from coastal communities of Asia and North America,” Maximenko adds. “The presence of coastal species persisting in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre near Hawaii is a game changer that indicates that the islands are at an increased risk of colonization by invasive species.” 63．What transformed the oceanic biogeographical boundaries? A．The accumulation of plastic rafts. B．The plate movement of the sea floor. C．The shift of ocean currents. D．The pollution of coastal waters. 64．The scientists felt surprised because ______. A．more invertebrate species lived in coastal waters than ever before B．the North Pacific garbage patch was continuously expanding C．coastal invertebrate species thrived on plastic debris D．various open-ocean species had gathered along the coastline 65．What is Maximenko’s attitude to plastic debris in the ocean? A．Tolerant. B．Concerned. C．Optimistic. D．Ambiguous. 66．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Effects of Plastic on Biodiversity of Deep Ocean Waters B．Competition Between Coastal and Open-ocean Species C．Methods for Being Rid of the Sea of Plastic Pollution D．Unexpected Species' Colonization on Plastic Rafts at Sea Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Teaching the whole child Aristotle taught his students the importance of managing their emotions. John Dewey, an early 20th-century reformer, sparked the idea that teachers must educate the “whole child”. For decades wealthy parents in Britain (and a few other places) sent kids to boarding schools in the hope that they would pick up traits such as independence and resilience. 67 Many educators today take enthusiastically to this thinking, under the support of “social and emotional learning” (SEL), a term as confusing as it is ubiquitous (十分普遍的). Supporters of SEL say that teachers could be doing heaps more to instil (逐渐灌输) in youngsters useful attributes such as optimism, empathy and emotional stability. The pandemic supercharged interest in this approach, as educators searched for ways to improve young teens’ lagging social skills or give them techniques for beating the blues. 68 They worry that all sorts of false ideas are riding in on its coat-tails. 69 For one thing, enthusiasts have sought to be more rigorous (严格的) in defining the non-academic traits which they seek to nurture, and in seeking to measure their growth. In April the OECD-an organization that for years has carried out international tests in maths, reading and science-published data claiming to show which of a dozen or so character traits best predict higher test scores (persistence and curiosity, for example) and which seem good for mental health (“energy” and “trust”, to take two). To produce these metrics (衡量标准), analysts sent youngsters in 15 countries surveys seeking to measure these characteristics. The goal is to start making these traits more visible — and, ideally, improvable — in school. Teachers these days have also grown a lot more likely than their predecessors to try to teach such social and emotional skills through explicit courses of study (rather than seeking only to transmit them through, say, extracurricular activities or the broader culture of a school).   70 The trend is towards programmes that are taught to whole classes, rather than reserved for individual kids with obvious anger-management or self-esteem issues. And older kids are getting this type of instruction now, not just pre-school toddlers and primary-school pupils. Educators have come to realise that “we shouldn’t stop promoting these things after a child has turned seven,” says Hannah Ulferts of the OECD． A．Yet critics see a shiny distraction from the hard work of academic learning. B．A growing range of commercial curriculums provide lesson plans in service of SEL. C．The modern business of SEL builds on previous thinking in a number of ways. D．That could improve classroom behaviour, goes the thinking, which would reduce disruptions and enable lessons to go more smoothly. E．It is not controversial to argue that a young child’s first years in education are as much about learning social skills and self-control as about anything else. F．The costs and benefits of the surge in such teaching are not yet clear, but there are reasons to question whether it is all for the good. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Scientists Discover Animal Language It is human beings’ pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research cast doubt on that common belief. Zuberbuhler, a psychologist at St. Andrews University, and his colleagues recorded thousands of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that the monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaning to warn one another about different situations. For example, they made a ‘krack’ alarm call at the sight of tiger. However, when they merely repeated calls made by other monkeys they added an ‘oo’. The researchers found that the same calls would be recognised by other species, like Campbell’s monkeys. So they are communicating across species. “And since then we have found that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too can understand all the different meanings”, said Zuberbuhler. What is also surprising is that signs of intelligence have been found in birds, whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to sentience. However, all is changing fast. A few years ago Irene Pepperberg of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology taught a parrot to recognise and count up to six objects and describe their shapes, which couldn’t have been achieved if birds were unable to memorize. Last year, that was topped by Alex Kacelnik, a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford, who discovered that crows (乌鸦) are capable of using tools in complex orders, the first time such behaviour has been observed in non-humans. In an experiment seven crows successfully grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using three different lengths of stick. Crucially, they were able to complete the task without any special training, suggesting the birds were capable of a level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans. All this is powerful evidence against the idea that people are unique. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 开展研究之前，你必须进行可行性分析。(It) ____________________________ 73. 只有经常与最初的目标对照，你才能确保最终获得成功。(Only) ____________________________ 74. 听书是否会打消孩子自己去读这本书的积极性还没有定论。(discourage) ____________________________ 75. 正当医生们面对缺少稀有血一筹莫展时，一个病人家属主动提出了献血。(idea) ____________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览(Chinese painting exhibition)。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括： 1.写信目的；2.个人优势；3.能做的事情。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 可参考词汇：introduce介绍、spread传播、appreciate欣赏、foreign外国的 Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二选择性必修第二册英语单元测试 Unit 4 ·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Annoyed. B. Curious. C. Pleased. D. Unconcerned. 2. A. The woman has finished her report. B. The man will help the woman with the report. C. The man advises the woman to have a break now. D. The woman needs a cup of coffee to go on with her report. 3. A. In a bookstore. B. In a shopping mall. C. At a car rental center. D. At an airport ticket counter. 4. A. To donate cash to help students continue their studies. B. To invest in establishing cash rewards for top students. C. To reward both high-achieving and progressing students. D. To encourage students with poorest grades through cash rewards. 5. A. It is an interesting book. B. It is worth reading again. C. It is difficult to understand. D. It is unrelated to the man's essay. 6. A. He had his brother redecorate it. B. He sought design ideas from the woman. C. He designed it himself with his brother's help. D. He hired a professional designer to decorate it. 7. A. It has existed for a long time. B. It can enhance the present chain. C. It is as perfect as it was shown in the presentation. D. It is too novel to be appreciated by regular suppliers. 8. A. To track the damaged package. B. To repair the package for the woman. C. To calculate the number of calls today. D. To submit a claim request for the woman. 9. A. Follow others’ footsteps. B. Admit his own weaknesses. C. Focus on self-improvement. D. Keep comparing with others. 10. A. Fictional and funny. B. Fact-based and traditional. C. Objective and entertaining. D. Unpredictable and amusing. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They can enjoy Olympic-standard events there. B. They can enjoy an open-door experience there. C. It allows the pool to be used for outdoor swimming. D. It creates a more spacious and comfortable environment. 12. A. Through equipment upgrades. B. By providing online training courses. C. Through weekly group training sessions. D. By offering full training and on-duty trainers. 13. A. Those who want to join LP Clubs. B. Passersby applying for a trainer position. C. Competitive athletes training for the Olympics. D. Locals who are interested in open-air experience. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To reduce car use. B. To decrease pollution. C. To ease economic pressure. D. To fund public transportation. 15. A. $2.25. B. $5. C. $9. D. $11.25. 16. A. It will have no effect on traffic or pollution. B. It may affect business and trouble daily drivers. C. The fees are too low to make any significant difference. D. It will lead to an increase in public transportation usage. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The vegetarian food festival. B. The prices of her farm goods. C. The way to the Newcastle City Hall. D. The man's help with her work on the farm. 18. A. She bakes items from vegetables. B. She hopes to promote her vegetable farm. C. She is seeking sellers for her home bakery. D. She wants to learn how to grow organic vegetables. 19. A. Owning a small farm shop. B. Providing necessary certificates. C. Uploading the pictures of home baking. D. Self-checking the safety of their produce. 20. A. The deadline for application. B. The completion of the baking task. C. The issuing of certificates to sellers. D. The closing date of the food festival. 【答案】 1-5 AADCA 6-10 CBDCC 11-13 DDA 14-16 ACB 17-20 AABA 【听力原文】 Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice is the best answer to the question you have heard. Now you have 100 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. 1. M: As a kid, did you know what job you wanted to do when you grew up? W: No, I didn't. And I got sick every time adults asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up. Q: How did the woman feel when adults asked about her future career as a kid? 2. W: I stayed up late finishing a report. It was a lot of work, but it's done now. M: That's great. You deserve a coffee break later. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 3. M: Hello, I need to change my flight. Can you help me with that? W: Of course, I can assist you with that. May I have your booking reference number? Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place? 4. W: Your proposal to pay cash rewards to students who get good grades is a particular problem. What about students who don't get good grades? M: But my proposal is not just to reward students with good grades, but also students who show improvement. Q: What's the man's proposal? 5. M: A friend recommended the book, The Three Body Problem, but I've been so busy writing my essay that I haven't been able to read for pleasure in months. W: Well, sounds like if you' re going to read anything for fun, this is the book. Q: What does the woman think of the book The Three Body Problem? 6. W: Oh, I love your apartment. It looks like you had a professional designer. M: No. I did it all by myself with a little help from my brother, Greg, who is actually in the home-decoration business. Q: How did the man deal with his apartment? 7. M: I appreciate your presentation, but we already have regular suppliers. W: I understand your faithfulness to current suppliers completely. But our novel technology could be the perfect addition to your existing chain. Q: What does the woman think of their technology? 8. W: Hi, I'm calling about a package I received today. It's badly damaged. M: I'm sorry to hear that. Could I get your tracking number to start a claim? Q: What does the man intend to do? 9. M: I'm always trying to be as good as others, but I never seem to get there. W: When you compare your current status with the starting point, you' ll find you' ve made progress, right? Q: What does the woman imply the man should do? 10. W: So, will your new show's style be like that of the documentary? M: Kind of. It will be like a documentary in the sense, that it will be non-fiction and fact-based. However, our idea is for it to be also fun and entertaining, something which traditional documentaries aren't so much. Q: What will the new show be like? Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question you have heard, Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. On behalf of LP Clubs, I'd like to welcome you all here today. My name's Sandy Fisher and I'm one of the fitness managers here. Before we start our tour of the club, I’ll just run through some basic information about the facilities we have here, including recent improvements. Our greatest resource is probably our swimming pool. Although it is 25 metres long, which isn't Olympic-sized, we've now expanded it from 6 lanes to eight, so it's much wider. This means there are rarely more than a couple of people at a time in each lane. Unfortunately, there isn't space for an outdoor pool here, but the glass roof on the swimming pool can be partially withdrawn, which means you can enjoy something of the open-air experience on warmer days. Our recently modernized fitness centre has all the latest exercise equipment, including ten new running machines and a wide range of weight-training machines. Each member is given full training in how to operate the equipment and there is always a trainer on duty to offer help and advice. (Now listen again.) Questions 11. How does the recent expansion enhance the swimming pool experience for members? 12. How does the fitness center support members in using the equipment effectively? 13. Who are the target listeners of this talk? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. Now you have 30 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. New York city's road pricing is the first of its kind in the US. So, what is road pricing? Well, it's a fee charged per car with the goal of discouraging driving. So as of January 5th, driving into Manhattan got even pricier. Passenger vehicles now pay $9 during peak hours and 2.25 during off-peak hours overnight to enter Manhattan each day. Trucks will also be charged fees for peak and off-peak hours for each trip into Manhattan. Road pricing has been a debated topic concept there for decades as early as the 1950s. Those in favor of road pricing say it would reduce traffic in one of the world's densest and busiest areas, while also reducing pollution and providing a source of income for city projects. On the other hand, critics are saying that it will direct business away from this city, and it's an unnecessary burden on those who travel to and from work by car every day. (Now listen again.) Questions 14. What is the main purpose of New York city's road pricing? 15. How much would a car driver pay for one trip into Manhattan during peak hours? 16. What are the concerns of critics regarding road pricing? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Now you have 40 seconds to read all the choices on the screen. W: Hello, good afternoon. I have an inquiry to make. It's about the vegetarian food festival you are holding on the 19th of August at the Newcastle City Hall. M: Yes, of course. My name's Philip. How can I help you? W: It says on your website that you are still looking for sellers, and I grow organic vegetables on my farm, as well as doing my own home baking. Would I be able to sell both the vegetables and items baked from them at the festival? M: That's exactly the type of thing we are looking for. We' re getting close to the deadline, however. Do you prefer to fill out an application on the web, or to print it out and fill it in by hand and then post it back to us? Remember that you will have to have all your certificates at hand when you are filling out the forms, as the standards are high and they will be carefully checked before anyone will be able to sell their produce at the event. W: I should be fine with doing it on your website, and I already have all my certificates, we run a small farm shop too. M: Good. Remember that the closing date is next Tuesday, the 28th of June. W: That's absolutely wonderful. Thank you so much for your help. Goodbye. M: Bye! (Now listen again.) Questions 17. What does the woman inquire about? 18. What can be learned about the woman? 19. What is the requirement for those who apply to sell produce at the festival? 20. What final reminder does Philip give the woman? II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Shifting women’s styles Trends come and go as time flies. You may get some clues about the fashion of ancient times from the videos produced by Zhu Ruoxuan, who 21 (vote) as one of Bilibili’s top 100 content creators in 2023. Born in 1998, Zhu began sharing her life on Bilibili in 2019, 22 (nickname) “Duoduo Hualin”, initially focusing on videos that show popular makeup in China. In 2021, she gained widespread attention, 23 at first her productions didn’t grow in popularity, thanks to a video depicting the evolution of the ordinary Chinese woman’s appearance and mindset. In the video, she also imitated the facial expressions of women from different time periods, capturing the uncertainty in the 1920s in China and their confidence 24 female workers in the 1950s. Despite 25 (lack) formal acting training, Zhu made full preparations for her videos. She studied women in old photos and movies 26 (imitate) their expressions, striving for accuracy. Zhu has started paying more attention to current social phenomena 27 (face) women since last year. At the end of a video, for instance, she depicted a character with pink hair who suffered cyber bullying due to her hairstyle. Zhu made clear that “I want everyone to see online violence could be fatal and 28 it was a necessary growth both for myself and my creation”. Zhu’s recent videos demonstrate a more compassionate approach toward women in historical periods. For instance, on Dec 13th, the annual National Memorial Day for Victims of the Nanjing Massacre, she released an anti-war video, 29 the transformation of an ordinary Chinese woman before and after the Nanjing massacre was portrayed. This video, which took two months to create, drew inspiration from Iris Chang’s book The Rape of Nanking, in which women cut their hair short during the war to conceal 30 among the refugees. 【答案】 21．was voted 22．nicknamed 23．although/though/while 24．as 25．lacking 26．to imitate 27．facing 28．that 29．where 30．themselves 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Bilibili百大UP主之一、1998年出生的朱若暄（昵称“朵朵花林”）的视频创作经历及其内容转变。 21．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：从朱若萱制作的视频中，你可能会对古代的时尚有所了解。朱若萱被评为2023年Bilibili百大内容创作者之一。who指代的先行词Zhu Ruoxuan和vote之间是逻辑动宾关系，句子用被动语态，由in 2023可知，句子时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语who指代的先行词Zhu Ruoxuan是单数，因此空格处是was voted。故填was voted。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：朱某出生于1998年，2019年开始在Bilibili上分享自己的生活，网名“朵朵花林”，最初主要发布展示中国流行妆容的视频。句中谓语是began，空格处用非谓语动词，Zhu和nickname之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填nicknamed。 23．考查连词。句意：2021年，她获得了广泛的关注，尽管一开始她的作品并没有受到欢迎，这要归功于一段描述普通中国女性外表和心态演变的视频。根据语境可知，句子表示“2021年，她获得了广泛的关注，尽管一开始她的作品并没有受到欢迎，这要归功于一段描述普通中国女性外表和心态演变的视频”，空格处意为“尽管，虽然”，用although/though，引导让步状语从句。故填although/though/while。 24．考查介词。句意：在视频中，她还模仿了不同时期女性的面部表情，捕捉到了20世纪20年代中国的不确定性和50年代女性工人的自信。此处表示作为女性工人的自信，空格处意为“作为”，用介词as。故填as。 25．考查动名词。句意：尽管缺乏正式的表演训练，朱还是为她的视频做了充分的准备。Despite是介词，其后跟动名词lacking作宾语，故填lacking。 26．考查不定式。句意：她研究老照片和电影中的女性，模仿她们的表情，力求准确。根据语境可知，句子表示“她研究老照片和电影中的女性，模仿她们的表情，力求准确”，空格处用不定式表目的。故填to imitate。 27．考查非谓语动词。句意：自去年以来，朱开始更加关注当前女性面临的社会现象。句中谓语是has started，空格处用非谓语动词，phenomena和face之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动。故填facing。 28．考查宾语从句。句意：我希望每个人都看到网络暴力可能是致命的，这对我自己和我的创作都是必要的成长。“it was a necessary growth both for myself and my creation”是宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导宾语从句。故填that。 29．考查定语从句。句意：例如，例如，12月13日是国家公祭日，纪念南京大屠杀遇难者，在这一天，她发布了一则反战视频，描绘了南京大屠杀前后一位普通中国女性的变化。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词video是抽象地点，因此用where引导定语从句。故填where。 30．考查反身代词。句意：这段视频花了两个月的时间制作，灵感来自张纯如的著作《南京大屠杀》，书中女性在战争期间剪短头发，将自己隐藏在难民中。根据语境可知，句子表示“女性在战争期间剪短头发，将她们自己隐藏在难民中”，空格处意为“她们自己”，用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accountable B. target C. channeling D. tied E. coexist F. flow G. ultimately H. fueling I. formed J. doomed K. navigating Anger is a complicated emotion. Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for ____31____ interpersonal conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to blame for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is untouched. No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable ____32____ for your frustration. Yet for the ancient Stoics, the tornado and the noisy neighbor are basically identical. The Stoics believed life is like an uncontrollable cart we’re all ____33____ to, and we can either learn to go with the ____34____ or hurt ourselves fighting its momentum. In their logic, we all live at the whims of fate, and our actions can never actually change things — whether it’s a natural disaster or how others act towards us. So Stoics believe anger is always wrong, since it causes pain and is ____35____ fruitless. The 8th century Indian Buddhist philosopher Santideva also questioned our free will and the value of anger, arguing that because people often lack rational control over their emotions, we should endeavor not to let their anger and cruelty spread to us. But even if it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory of reactive attitudes suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other ____36____. In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so removing it would impair our social lives and moral communities. But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be tricky. For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be wrong to treat their moral mistakes like those of fully ___37____ adults. So when should you act on anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is illegally polluting the water supply. A long tradition in political philosophy argues that the righteous anger often invoked by witnessing this kind of injustice can be invaluable for ____38____ change and motivating community action. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress your anger, instead of ____39____ it into positive action. But other philosophers argue that anger has an inherent negative element that limits its transformative power. They cautioned that we should carefully adjust our emotional responses to ensure that we see others not as enemies but as community members with whom we must learn to ____40____, regardless of our ever-changing emotions. 【答案】31. K 32. B 33. D 34. F 35. G 36. A 37. I 38. H 39. C 40. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了愤怒作为一种复杂的情感，不同哲学流派对其有不同的看法，从斯多葛派的无用论到现代哲学家将其视为道德和社会交流的重要工具。 【31题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在处理人际关系冲突时，依靠亚里士多德的个案分析方法是有道理的。根据句意及空前“for”可知，空处应表达“处理”，navigating意为“(有效地)处理”，符合句意，作介词for的宾语应用动名词形式。故选K。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：无论多么愤怒，都无法消除这场灾难，你的沮丧也没有一个合适的发泄对象。根据句意及空前“a suitable”和空后的“for your frustration”可知，空处应用名词表达“对象，目标”，target意为“对象”，符合句意。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：斯多葛学派认为，生活就像一辆失控的马车，我们都被绑在上面，我们可以选择顺其自然，或者与之抗争而伤害自己。根据句意及空前“an uncontrollable cart we’re all”和空后的“to”可知，空处应表达“被绑在上面”，tied意为“绑”，动词过去分词来构成被动语态表示被动关系，be tied to“被绑在上面”，符合句意。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：斯多葛学派认为，生活就像一辆失控的马车，我们都被绑在上面，我们可以选择顺其自然，或者与之抗争而伤害自己。根据句意及空前“go with the”可知，此处需要一个名词来表示顺应的状态。flow意为“流动”，比喻顺应生活的自然进程，符合句意。故选F。 【35题详解】 考查副词。句意：所以，斯多葛学派认为愤怒总是错误的，因为它会带来痛苦，最终也是徒劳的。根据句意及空后的“fruitless”可知，空处应用副词表达“最终”来修饰“fruitless”，ultimately意为“最终”，符合句意，作状语。故选G。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：哲学家PF Strawson的反应态度理论认为，体验愤怒是人类心理的自然组成部分，有助于我们传达责备和相互追究责任。根据句意及空前“hold each other”可知，空处应用形容词来表示“负有责任的”，accountable意为“负责的”，符合句意。故选A。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：例如，如果你正在监督一些残忍、无礼的孩子，感到愤怒可能是自然的，但把他们的道德错误当作完全成熟的成年人的错误来对待是错误的。根据句意及空前“those of fully”和空后的“adults”可知，空处应用形容词表达“成熟的”，formed意为“成形的，成熟的”，符合句意，作定语，修饰adults。故选I。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：政治哲学的一个悠久传统认为，目睹这种不公正现象所引发的正义愤怒对于激发变革和激励社区行动是无价的。根据句意及空前“be invaluable for”和空后的“change and motivating community action”可知，空处应用动名词形式表达“激发”，fueling意为“激发，推动”，符合句意，与空后的motivating并列，指激发变革和激励社区行动。故选H。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在这种不公正的情况下，压抑愤怒而不是将其转化为积极的行动可能是一种道德错误。根据句意及空前“instead of”和空后的“it into positive action”可知，空处应用动名词形式表达“转化为”，channeling意为“引导，把……用于”，符合句意，指把愤怒引导转化为积极的行动。故选C。 【40题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们警告说，我们应该仔细调整我们的情绪反应，以确保我们不把他人视为敌人，而是视为我们必须学会与之共存的社区成员，无论我们的情绪如何变化。根据句意及空前“we see others not as enemies but as community members”和“we must learn to”可知，空处应用动词原形表达“共存”，coexist意为“共存”，符合句意，与空前的learn to构成不定式短语，指学会与他人共存。故选E。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook. Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to 41 people’s impression of us. Our appearance 42 particular significance in the original phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle - class man or woman may be alienated (疏远) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, 43 the person’s education, background, or interests. People tend to 44 what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the 45 of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they drive or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and 46 when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the 47 they must wear to play these roles successfully. 48 , many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you 49 a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance. In the workplace, men have long had 50 dress code and role models for achieving success. It had been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world 51 the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” (女性气质的) attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been more 52 than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more 53 for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming - shorter hair, 54 use of make - up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive women is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t 55 the job.” We need a change in this regard. 41．A．add to B．deal with C．set aside D．focus on 42．A．assumes B．appreciates C．minimizes D．assesses 43．A．in terms of B．because of C．instead of D．regardless of 44．A．agree on B．count on C．negotiate about D．hesitate about 45．A．specialties B．accomplishments C．characters D．lifestyles 46．A．comfortable B．competent C．sacred D．outgoing 47．A．uniforms B．costumes C．gloves D．pajamas 48．A．Moreover B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise 49．A．imitated B．resisted C．evaluated D．anticipated 50．A．long - lasting B．good - looking C．light - hearted D．well - defined 51．A．are uncertain about B．are distracted from C．are keen on D．are ashamed of 52．A．consistent B．fashionable C．diversified D．innovated 53．A．critically B．casually C．favourably D．honestly 54．A．frequent B．concrete C．moderate D．heavy 55．A．get B．spare C．survive D．maintain 【答案】 41．B 42．A 43．D 44．A 45．D 46．B 47．B 48．A 49．D 50．D 51．A 52．C 53．C 54．C 55．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了服装对于印象的影响及我们如何通过服装来处理在人际关系中的印象。 41．考查动词短语辨析。句意：既然衣服是社会信息的重要来源，我们可以用它来处理人们对我们的印象。A. add to加到；B. deal with处理；C. set aside留置；D. focus on集中于。根据上文“They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.”可知，衣服能告诉别人我们的各个方面的信息，所以，我们可以利用服装来处理别人对我们的印象。故选B项。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的外表在可能互动的最初阶段呈现特殊的意义。A. assumes呈现；B. appreciates欣赏；C. minimizes最小化；D. assesses评估。根据“particular significance in the original phases of interaction”可知，我们的外表在互动的最初阶段呈现特殊的意义。故选A项。 43．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一个上了年纪的中产阶级的男人或女人可能会被一个穿着与众不同的年轻人疏远，而不管这个人的教育、背景或兴趣如何。A. in terms of就……而言；B. because of因为；C. instead of而不是；D. regardless of不管、不顾。根据“An elderly middle - class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner”可知，不管两个人的教育、背景或兴趣，穿着不一致的人很少能在一开始产生共鸣。故选D项。 44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们倾向于对特定类型的衣服的含义达成一致。A. agree on在……意见上取得一致；B. count on依靠；C. negotiate about协商关于……；D. hesitate about对……犹豫。根据下文提到的“青春期女孩”和“新闻播报员”的着装例子可知，人们倾向于对特定类型的衣服的含义达成一致。故选A项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：青春期的女孩很容易就女孩穿某些衣服的生活方式达成一致，包括她们可能有过几个男朋友，是否开车或喝酒。A. specialties专长；B. accomplishments成就；C. characters特性；D. lifestyles生活方式。根据“who wear certain outfits”及“including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they drive or drink”可知，这里描述的是这些女孩的生活方式。故选D项。 46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：新闻播音员或在电视上播报新闻的播音员在穿着保守时被认为更有说服力、更诚实、更有能力。A. comfortable舒适的；B. competent能胜任的；C. sacred神圣的；D. outgoing外向的。根据“be more convincing, honest”可知，新闻播报员在穿着保守时被认为更有说服力、更诚实、更有能力胜任。故选B项。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些认为自己在人际关系中扮演积极角色的大学生表示，他们很在意成功扮演这些角色所必须穿的服装。A. uniforms制服；B. costumes（角色）服装；C. gloves手套；D. pajamas睡衣。根据“to play these roles successfully”可知，表示扮演角色要穿的服装，要用costumes。故选B项。 48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，我们中的许多人都能举出这样的例子：我们所穿的衣服改变了我们对自己的看法和行为方式。A. Moreover此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据“many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted”并结合前文可知，此处表示进一步说明本段观点，用Moreover。故选A项。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许你曾在预期一个有压力的情况时，比如工作面试或出庭时，用服装来获得自信。A. imitated模仿；B. resisted抵制；C. evaluated评估；D. anticipated预期。根据“such as a job interview, or a court appearance”可知，当预期一个有压力的情况时，我们可以通过服装来增强信心。故选D项。 50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在工作场所，男性长期以来都有明确的着装要求和成功的榜样。A. long-lasting持久的；B. good-looking好看的；C. light-hearted轻松的；D. well-defined定义明确的。根据“dress code and role models”可知，工作场所，男性有着明确的着装要求。故选D项。 51．考查短语词义辨析。句意：在商界，很多女性都不确定她们应该通过职业装来传达“男性化”和“女性化”的恰当组合。A. are uncertain about对……不确定；B. are distracted from分心于；C. are keen on对……热衷；D. are ashamed of对……羞愧。根据“It had been otherwise for women.”可知，对于女性而言，和男性相反，她们不确定她们应该通过职业装来传达“男性化”和“女性化”的恰当组合。故选A项。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女性服装替代品的种类也比男性更加多样化。A. consistent一贯的；B. fashionable时尚的；C. diversified多样化的；D. innovated创新的。根据“The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been more ___12___ than that available for men.”可知，女性的服装替代品种类更多。故选C项。 53．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当女性表现出较少的“女性化”打扮——短发、适度化妆和朴素的服装，男性管理者倾向于在管理职位上更有利地评价女性。A. critically关键地；B. casually随意地；C. favourably有利地；D. honestly诚实地。根据“when the women display less “feminine” grooming - shorter hair”并结合常识可知，较少的女性化打扮，能在职场上更为有利，更受欢迎。故选C项。 54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：句意：当女性表现出较少的“女性化”打扮——短发、适度化妆和朴素的服装，男性管理者倾向于在管理职位上更有利地评价女性。A. frequent频繁的；B. concrete具体的；C. moderate适度的；D. heavy重的。根据“less “feminine” grooming”可知，职场女性需要适度化妆。故选C项。 55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如一位男性管理人员承认的那样：“有魅力的女性肯定会得到更长的面试时间，但她不会得到这份工作。”A. get得到；B. spare留出；C. survive幸存；D. maintain维持。根据“An attractive women is definitely going to get a longer interview”及“but”可知，有魅力的女性有较长的面试时间，但是，她不会得到这份工作。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) To be honest. I’ve been missing the online shopping experience in China since I moved to the US four years ago. So when I noticed Shein becoming mainstream in the US over the past few years, I though, Great! I finally have a Taohao replacement! So I went on my first Shein journey in August 2022. But somewhere along the way, I started questioning why I enjoy this particular kind of shopping, and also what it means for an e-commerce platform to offer endless deals. To be fair, there are Shein purchases that I’ve really enjoyed, like a $2 nylon watchband that feels better than my original Apple Watch band. I also think people should be able to choose quantity and price over quality, because the idea of demanding that people only buy premium products feels unrealistic. But as it turns out, I’ve finally started to see through the illusion (错觉) of Shein-like platforms. To get these occasional incredible deals, you are encouraged to shop much more than is necessary or even reasonable. This illusion has worked for a long time and for a lot of people, including me! But it’s become harder and harder to ignore the environmental consequences of my purchases, and the ways in which platforms trick people into buying more and more. And I don’t think I’m the only one experiencing that awakening. Broadly speaking, I think society is slowly but surely shifting toward recognizing the climate impact of mass-produced cheap goods. While these conversations have yet to happen as widely and furiously in China, companies like Taobao and Shein will inevitably have to answer the question of whether their business model is sustainable for everyone—or only for themselves. So where are they beading from here? There’s certainly a lot of soul-searching for the industry to do. And I’m doing some soul-searching of my own. 56．Why does the author mention a “$2 nylon watchband”? A．To compare it with her original band. B．To persuade readers to buy it. C．To show her satisfaction with Shein. D．To show its cheapness. 57．What does the underlined word “premium” mean in the third paragraph? A．High-quantity. B．Expensive. C．High-quality. D．Original. 58．What do the customers tend to do with the illusion of Shein-like platforms? A．They get incredible products on sale. B．They often buy much more than what they need. C．They ignore the environmental impacts. D．They are tricked into buying more and more reasonable products. 59．What is a consequence of endless deals in e-commerce platforms? A．Environmental harm. B．Price reduction. C．Energy shortage. D．Worldwide starvation. 【答案】56．C 57．C 58．B 59．A 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过反思自己在电子商务平台购物的经历，明白了这样的购物方式会让人们无休止的购买廉价商品，而这种行为会给环境和气候带来影响。作者呼吁商家和消费者都审视自己的行为。 56．推理判断题。根据第三段的“To be fair, there are Shein purchases that I’ve really enjoyed, like a $2 nylon watchband that feels better than my original Apple Watch band. (说句公道话，我确实很喜欢Shein的一些产品，比如一条2美元的尼龙表带，感觉比我原来的Apple Watch表带要好)”并结合上文提到作者喜欢网购体验，在回国4年后终于可以在Shein进行网购推知，提到“2美元一条的尼龙表带”是为了表达作者对于在Shein网购的满足感。故选C。 57．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“I also think people should be able to choose quantity and price over quality(我还认为人们应该能够选择数量和价格而不是质量)”可知，作者认为除了质量，人们还应该能在数量和价格上进行选择。由此推知，作者认为要求人们只购买高品质的商品是不现实的。因此premium意为“高品质的”。故选C。 58．推理判断题。根据第四段的“But as it turns out, I’ve finally started to see through the illusion (错觉) of Shein-like platforms. To get these occasional incredible deals, you are encouraged to shop much more than is necessary or even reasonable. (但事实证明，我终于开始看穿了shein式平台的假象。为了得到这些偶尔令人难以置信的交易，你被鼓励购买远远超过必要甚至合理的东西)”推知，当消费者在诸如Shein这样的平台购物时容易买多于自己实际需要的商品。故选B。 59．细节理解题。根据第四段的“But it’s become harder and harder to ignore the environmental consequences of my purchases, and the ways in which platforms trick people into buying more and more.(但我越来越难以忽视我的购物对环境造成的影响，以及平台诱使人们买得越来越多的方式)”和最后一段的“Broadly speaking, I think society is slowly but surely shifting toward recognizing the climate impact of mass-produced cheap goods. (总的来说，我认为社会正在缓慢但肯定地转向认识到大规模生产的廉价商品对气候的影响)”可知，电子商务平台无休止的交易会给环境和气候带来影响。故选A。 (B) Tutor Wanted Teach a kindergartener how to read online. Become a volunteer tutor with Learn To Be! LTB tutors are dedicated volunteers who believe deeply in educational equity. Our tutors volunteer their time to make the lives of under-served K-12 kids and their families easier, their opportunities greater, and their dreams bigger. Commit to tutoring at least 2 times per week for 3 months or longer. Support your students with homework help or use the resources provided by LTB to create your own lesson plans for your student. Visit our website to apply: https://www.learntobe.org Tutor adults in English The South Bay Literacy Council is an all-volunteer, non-profit organization dedicated to teaching adults to read, write and speak English in the South Bay, Los Angeles area. You’d commit to meeting weekly with your students online or in-person. We ask volunteers to make a 9-month commitment due to the time it takes to train and match tutors with students. Visit our website to apply: http://www.southbayliteracy.org Tutor for Remove the Borders Being a tutor for Remove the Borders is a great opportunity to gain volunteer hours while learning about how socioeconomic status and learning disabilities can hold students back. Dates on when you tutor will be worked out between you and the person you are tutoring. The minimum amount of sessions you have to tutor is three. Visit our website to apply: https://forms.gle/eJ2j8BAWAAeApEQq9 Teach online STEM classes Across the country, millions of students lack the resources to learn about STEM and computer science. Our non-profit organization strives to provide this vital area of education to underprivileged students through engaging in online classes. As a volunteer teacher, you will earn service hours while developing critical communication, teaching, and leadership skills. These class sessions will run for eight weeks, and have a time commitment of three hours per week. Visit our website to apply: https://www.roboticsforall.net/overview-of-positions.html 60．Who is Learn To Be intended for? A．Disadvantaged K-12 students. B．Students with learning disabilities. C．Grown-ups interested in English. D．Information technology majors. 61．Which program is most suitable for a volunteer without much time? A．Teach a kindergartener how to read online. B．Tutor adults in English. C．Tutor for Remove the Borders. D．Teach online STEM classes. 62．What do these four programs have in common? A．Only online service is offered. B．People can attend classes free of charge. C．Volunteers will acquire service hours. D．Applicants for volunteers’ jobs need to sign up online. 【答案】60．A 61．C 62．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是四个项目的导师的招聘启事。 60．细节理解题。根据Become a volunteer tutor with Learn To Be!部分“Our tutors volunteer their time to make the lives of under-served K-12 kids and their families easier, their opportunities greater, and their dreams bigger.(我们的导师自愿奉献自己的时间，让弱势的K-12孩子和他们的家庭生活得更轻松，让他们的机会更大，梦想更大。)”可知，Learn To Be是为那些弱势的K-12学生设计的。故选A。 61．推理判断题。根据Tutor for Remove the Borders部分“Dates on when you tutor will be worked out between you and the person you are tutoring. The minimum amount of sessions you have to tutor is three.(你的辅导时间将由你和你要辅导的人确定。你必须辅导的最低课时为三节。)”可知，Tutor for Remove the Borders最低课时为三节，辅导时间将由你和你要辅导的人确定，最适合没有太多时间的志愿者的是Tutor for Remove the Borders。故选C。 62．细节理解题。根据文中的“Visit our website to apply: https://www.learntobe.org(请访问我们的网站申请：https://www.learntobe.org)”，“Visit our website to apply: http://www.southbayliteracy.org(请访问我们的网站申请：http://www.southbayliteracy.org)”，“Visit our website to apply: https://forms.gle/eJ2j8BAWAAeApEQq9(请访问我们的网站申请：https://forms.gle/eJ2j8BAWAAeApEQq9)”和“Visit our website to apply: https://www.roboticsforall.net/overview-of-positions.html(请访问我们的网站申请：https://www.roboticsforall.net/overview-of-positions.html)”可知，这四个项目的共同点是志愿者工作的申请者需要在网上报名。故选D。 (C) A new study describes a surprising number of coastal marine invertebrate (无脊椎动物) species thriving in floating communities in deep ocean waters. What's their secret? They are colonizing ever-expanding rafts of plastic debris. The study was led by researchers from the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) and the University of Hawaii (UH) at Mānoa. They found a diverse range of taxonomic groups of coastal species in the eastern North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (北太平洋副热带流涡区) on over 70 percent of the plastic debris they examined. Not only that, but the debris carried more coastal species than open ocean species. “This discovery suggests that past biogeographical boundaries among marine ecosystems-established for millions of years-are rapidly changing due to floating plastic pollution accumulating in the subtropical gyres,” said lead author Linsey Haram, research associate at SERC． These floating communities, or “neopelagic (新远洋的) communities” , in deep oceanwaters were only recently discovered by scientists. The researchers looked at 105 plastic samples collected by The Ocean Cleanup during their 2018 and 2019 expeditions in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, which occupies most of the northern Pacific Ocean. “We were extremely astonished to find 37 different invertebrate species that normally live in coastal waters, over triple the number of species we found that live in open waters, not only surviving on the plastic but also reproducing. Our results suggest coastal organisms now are able to reproduce, grow, and persist in the open ocean---creating a novel community that did not previously exist, being sustained by the vast and expanding sea of plastic debris," said Haram. This phenomenon will take a heavy toll on marine ecosystems. “The Hawaiian Islands are neighbored in the northeast by the North Pacific garbage patch. Debris that breaks off from this patch constitutes the majority of debris arriving on Hawaiian beaches and reefs,” said Nikolai Maximenko, senior researcher of the UH. “In the past, the fragile marine ecosystems of the islands were protected by the very long distances from coastal communities of Asia and North America,” Maximenko adds. “The presence of coastal species persisting in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre near Hawaii is a game changer that indicates that the islands are at an increased risk of colonization by invasive species.” 63．What transformed the oceanic biogeographical boundaries? A．The accumulation of plastic rafts. B．The plate movement of the sea floor. C．The shift of ocean currents. D．The pollution of coastal waters. 64．The scientists felt surprised because ______. A．more invertebrate species lived in coastal waters than ever before B．the North Pacific garbage patch was continuously expanding C．coastal invertebrate species thrived on plastic debris D．various open-ocean species had gathered along the coastline 65．What is Maximenko’s attitude to plastic debris in the ocean? A．Tolerant. B．Concerned. C．Optimistic. D．Ambiguous. 66．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Effects of Plastic on Biodiversity of Deep Ocean Waters B．Competition Between Coastal and Open-ocean Species C．Methods for Being Rid of the Sea of Plastic Pollution D．Unexpected Species' Colonization on Plastic Rafts at Sea 【答案】63．A 64．C 65．B 66．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项新的研究发现了数量惊人的沿海海洋无脊椎动物物种在不断扩大的海洋塑料筏上繁衍生息，这将对海洋生态系统造成严重损害。 63．细节理解题。根据第二段“They found a diverse range of taxonomic groups of coastal species in the eastern North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (北太平洋副热带流涡区) on over 70 percent of the plastic debris they examined. Not only that, but the debris carried more coastal species than open ocean species. “This discovery suggests that past biogeographical boundaries among marine ecosystems-established for millions of years-are rapidly changing due to floating plastic pollution accumulating in the subtropical gyres,” said lead author Linsey Haram, research associate at SERC. (他们在北太平洋亚热带环流东部的70%以上的塑料垃圾上发现了各种各样的沿海物种分类群。不仅如此，这些碎片还携带了更多的沿海物种，而不是海洋物种。“这一发现表明，由于漂浮的塑料污染在亚热带环流中积累，海洋生态系统之间过去建立了数百万年的生物地理界限正在迅速改变，”该研究的主要作者、SERC的研究助理林西·哈拉姆(Linsey Haram)说。)”可知塑料筏堆积改变了海洋的生物地理界限，故选A。 64．细节理解题。根据第三段“We were extremely astonished to find 37 different invertebrate species that normally live in coastal waters, over triple the number of species we found that live in open waters, not only surviving on the plastic but also reproducing. (我们非常惊讶地发现，通常生活在沿海水域的37种不同的无脊椎动物物种，是我们发现生活在开阔水域的物种数量的三倍多，它们不仅在塑料上生存，而且还在繁殖。)”可知科学家们因为沿海无脊椎动物在塑料碎片上繁衍生息而感到惊讶。故选C。 65．推理判断题，根据最后一段““The Hawaiian Islands are neighbored in the northeast by the North Pacific garbage patch. Debris that breaks off from this patch constitutes the majority of debris arriving on Hawaiian beaches and reefs,” said Nikolai Maximenko, senior researcher of the UH. “In the past, the fragile marine ecosystems of the islands were protected by the very long distances from coastal communities of Asia and North America,” Maximenko adds. “The presence of coastal species persisting in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre near Hawaii is a game changer that indicates that the islands are at an increased risk of colonization by invasive species.” (“夏威夷群岛在东北与北太平洋垃圾带相邻。夏威夷大学的高级研究员Nikolai Maximenko说：“从这片区域脱落的碎片构成了到达夏威夷海滩和珊瑚礁的大部分碎片。”“过去，这些岛屿脆弱的海洋生态系统受到远离亚洲和北美沿海社区的保护，”Maximenko补充说。“在夏威夷附近的北太平洋亚热带环流中持续存在的沿海物种的存在改变了游戏规则，这表明这些岛屿被入侵物种殖民的风险增加了。)”可推知Maximenko对海洋中的塑料碎片非常关心，故选B。 66．主旨大意题。 通读全文，尤其第一段“A new study describes a surprising number of coastal marine invertebrate (无脊椎动物) species thriving in floating communities in deep ocean waters. What's their secret? They are colonizing ever-expanding rafts of plastic debris. (一项新的研究描述了数量惊人的沿海海洋无脊椎动物物种，它们在深海的漂浮群落中茁壮成长。他们的秘诀是什么? 他们正在不断膨胀的塑料碎片筏上定居。)”可知文章主要讲述一项新的研究发现了数量惊人的沿海海洋无脊椎动物物种在不断扩大的海洋塑料筏上繁衍生息，这将对海洋生态系统造成严重损害。故选项D“海洋塑料筏上意想不到的物种定居”符合本文主旨，适合作标题，故选D。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Teaching the whole child Aristotle taught his students the importance of managing their emotions. John Dewey, an early 20th-century reformer, sparked the idea that teachers must educate the “whole child”. For decades wealthy parents in Britain (and a few other places) sent kids to boarding schools in the hope that they would pick up traits such as independence and resilience. 67 Many educators today take enthusiastically to this thinking, under the support of “social and emotional learning” (SEL), a term as confusing as it is ubiquitous (十分普遍的). Supporters of SEL say that teachers could be doing heaps more to instil (逐渐灌输) in youngsters useful attributes such as optimism, empathy and emotional stability. The pandemic supercharged interest in this approach, as educators searched for ways to improve young teens’ lagging social skills or give them techniques for beating the blues. 68 They worry that all sorts of false ideas are riding in on its coat-tails. 69 For one thing, enthusiasts have sought to be more rigorous (严格的) in defining the non-academic traits which they seek to nurture, and in seeking to measure their growth. In April the OECD-an organization that for years has carried out international tests in maths, reading and science-published data claiming to show which of a dozen or so character traits best predict higher test scores (persistence and curiosity, for example) and which seem good for mental health (“energy” and “trust”, to take two). To produce these metrics (衡量标准), analysts sent youngsters in 15 countries surveys seeking to measure these characteristics. The goal is to start making these traits more visible — and, ideally, improvable — in school. Teachers these days have also grown a lot more likely than their predecessors to try to teach such social and emotional skills through explicit courses of study (rather than seeking only to transmit them through, say, extracurricular activities or the broader culture of a school).   70 The trend is towards programmes that are taught to whole classes, rather than reserved for individual kids with obvious anger-management or self-esteem issues. And older kids are getting this type of instruction now, not just pre-school toddlers and primary-school pupils. Educators have come to realise that “we shouldn’t stop promoting these things after a child has turned seven,” says Hannah Ulferts of the OECD． A．Yet critics see a shiny distraction from the hard work of academic learning. B．A growing range of commercial curriculums provide lesson plans in service of SEL. C．The modern business of SEL builds on previous thinking in a number of ways. D．That could improve classroom behaviour, goes the thinking, which would reduce disruptions and enable lessons to go more smoothly. E．It is not controversial to argue that a young child’s first years in education are as much about learning social skills and self-control as about anything else. F．The costs and benefits of the surge in such teaching are not yet clear, but there are reasons to question whether it is all for the good. 【答案】67．E 68．A 69．C 70．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，讲述了教育者对SEL（社交情感学习）的看法及该教育理念在当代教育中的运用。 67．前文“John Dewey, an early 20th-century reformer, sparked the idea that teachers must educate the “whole child”. For decades wealthy parents in Britain (and a few other places) sent kids to boarding schools in the hope that they would pick up traits such as independence and resilience.(20世纪早期的改革家约翰•杜威提出，教师必须教育“完整的孩子”。几十年来，英国（以及其他一些地方）的富裕父母把孩子送到寄宿学校，希望他们能培养出独立和坚韧等特质)”表明一些富裕家庭对于孩子教育的理念，认为培养情感特指很重要，E选项“It is not controversial to argue that a young child’s first years in education are as much about learning social skills and self-control as about anything else.(毫无争议的是，孩子在最初几年的教育中学习的是社会技能和自我控制，而不是其他任何事情)”为对于前文内容家长教育理念的原因的补充说明，且此句内容与下段第一句中“to this thinking”相呼应。故选E。 68．前文“Supporters of SEL say that teachers could be doing heaps more to instil (逐渐灌输) in youngsters useful attributes such as optimism, empathy and emotional stability.(SEL的支持者说，老师们可以做更多的事情来给年轻人灌输一些有用的特质，比如乐观、同理心和情绪稳定)”表明SEL支持者的看法，后文“They worry that all sorts of false ideas are riding in on its coat-tails.(他们担心各种错误的想法会借机而来)”为反对者的看法，A选项“然而，批评家们却看到了一个从刻苦的学术学习中转移出来的闪亮的东西”与前文进行转折，表明批评家的看法，与前文支持者的看法相对应。故选A。 69．根据后文“For one thing, enthusiasts have sought to be more rigorous (严格的) in defining the non-academic traits which they seek to nurture, and in seeking to measure their growth.(一方面，热衷者们试图更严格地定义他们想要培养的非学术特质，并试图衡量他们的成长)”及下一段“Teachers these days have also grown a lot more likely than their predecessors to try to teach such social and emotional skills through explicit courses of study (rather than seeking only to transmit them through, say, extracurricular activities or the broader culture of a school).(现在的教师也比他们的前辈更有可能通过明确的学习课程来教授这些社交和情感技能（而不是仅仅寻求通过课外活动或学校更广泛的文化来传播这些技能）)”可知，下面讲述了SEL的现代业务建立在以前的思考基础上的几个方面，C选项“SEL的现代业务以多种方式建立在以前的思考基础上”总起并引出下文。故选C。 70．前文“Teachers these days have also grown a lot more likely than their predecessors to try to teach such social and emotional skills through explicit courses of study (rather than seeking only to transmit them through, say, extracurricular activities or the broader culture of a school).(现在的教师也比他们的前辈更有可能通过明确的学习课程来教授这些社交和情感技能（而不是仅仅寻求通过课外活动或学校更广泛的文化来传播这些技能）)”表明现代教师能更明确地教授社交和情感技能，后文“The trend is towards programmes that are taught to whole classes, rather than reserved for individual kids with obvious anger-management or self-esteem issues.(目前的趋势是面向整个班级的课程，而不是留给有明显愤怒管理或自尊问题的个别孩子)”表明这种教育的趋势，B选项“A growing range of commercial curriculums provide lesson plans in service of SEL.(越来越多的商业课程提供为SEL服务的课程计划)”能够承上启下，符合此处语境。故选B。 IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Scientists Discover Animal Language It is human beings’ pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research cast doubt on that common belief. Zuberbuhler, a psychologist at St. Andrews University, and his colleagues recorded thousands of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that the monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaning to warn one another about different situations. For example, they made a ‘krack’ alarm call at the sight of tiger. However, when they merely repeated calls made by other monkeys they added an ‘oo’. The researchers found that the same calls would be recognised by other species, like Campbell’s monkeys. So they are communicating across species. “And since then we have found that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too can understand all the different meanings”, said Zuberbuhler. What is also surprising is that signs of intelligence have been found in birds, whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to sentience. However, all is changing fast. A few years ago Irene Pepperberg of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology taught a parrot to recognise and count up to six objects and describe their shapes, which couldn’t have been achieved if birds were unable to memorize. Last year, that was topped by Alex Kacelnik, a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford, who discovered that crows (乌鸦) are capable of using tools in complex orders, the first time such behaviour has been observed in non-humans. In an experiment seven crows successfully grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using three different lengths of stick. Crucially, they were able to complete the task without any special training, suggesting the birds were capable of a level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans. All this is powerful evidence against the idea that people are unique. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 71. Scientist have discovered signs of language and intelligence in monkeys and birds. Some monkeys can communicate various meanings with different calls and across species. Some birds, like parrot and crows, have the ability to recognize and reason. So language and intelligence are not unique to humans. (46 ) V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 开展研究之前，你必须进行可行性分析。(It) ____________________________ 73. 只有经常与最初的目标对照，你才能确保最终获得成功。(Only) ____________________________ 74. 听书是否会打消孩子自己去读这本书的积极性还没有定论。(discourage) ____________________________ 75. 正当医生们面对缺少稀有血一筹莫展时，一个病人家属主动提出了献血。(idea) ____________________________ 【答案】 72. It’s a must for you to analyze its feasibility before conducting a research. 73. Only by checking the initial goal frequently, can you make sure that success is achieved finally. 74. Whether listening to a book will discourage children from reading it on their own remains an open question. 75. Just when the doctors had no idea what to do with the lack of rare blood, a family member of a patient offered to donate his/her blood. 【解析】 考查重点句型短语翻译。 【72题详解】 句型It’s a must for sb to do sth.“某人必须做某事”；feasibility译为“可行性；可能”；故译为It’s a must for you to analyze its feasibility before conducting a research.。 【73题详解】 本句考查当“only＋状语”位于句首时，其后习惯上要用部分倒装；the initial goal“最初的目标”；故译为Only by checking the initial goal frequently, can you make sure that success is achieved finally.。 【74题详解】 本句需要运用到主语从句，根据句意连接词需要选用whether，表示“是否”；同时考查动词discourage“阻止；使气馁”，译为Whether listening to a book will discourage children from reading it on their own remains an open question.。 【75题详解】 短语have no idea“不清楚；不知道；一筹莫展”；本句为when引导的时间状语从句，故译为Just when the doctors had no idea what to do with the lack of rare blood, a family member of a patient offered to donate his/her blood.。 VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览(Chinese painting exhibition)。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括： 1.写信目的；2.个人优势；3.能做的事情。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 可参考词汇：introduce介绍、spread传播、appreciate欣赏、foreign外国的 Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Sir or Madam,       I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition which will be held in your art gallery.       I think I am qualified for this job, because I have learned Chinese paintings since childhood. Besides, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings. Moreover, I am outgoing and I like talking to others. If I am lucky enough to be chosen as a volunteer, I can show visitors around the gallery and get them to know more about Chinese paintings.       I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给当地的美术馆写一封申请信，对于即将要举办的中国画展览，申请做志愿者。内容包括：写信目的、个人优势以及能做的事情。 【详解】1.词汇积累 我认为：I think→ as far as I am concerned 此外：besides → what’s more 喜欢：like→ prefer 提供：offer→ provide 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Moreover, I am outgoing and I like talking to others. 拓展句：Moreover, I am outgoing and I like talking to others, which are greatly necessary for the job. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Besides, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】 I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. (运用了if引导的状语从句) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $