专题03 Units 8～10 一般将来时、一般过去时、现在进行时、现在完成时、被动语态、动词不定式（期末复习讲义）九年级英语上学期鲁教版五四学制

该初中英语讲义以“定义解析-规则梳理-用法示例”递进结构构建语法复习体系，通过表格归纳动词时态变化规则（如一般过去时、现在分词的变形规律）、思维导图呈现语法点内在联系（如一般将来时两种结构对比），并结合易错点提示（如现在完成时延续性动词转换），系统覆盖一般过去时等六大核心语法点，突出重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“情境化分层练习”设计，即时检测题（如“Listen! Who ________ on the door?”）培养语言运用能力，中考真题（如“More and more new technologies will ________ into our lives”）对接考情，结合环保主题语法填空提升思维品质。三级训练体系帮助不同层次学生巩固，教师可依此实施精准复习教学，助力学生高效掌握语法知识。

专题03 一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、被动语态、动词不定式的用法 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 8~10 一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、被动语态、动词不定式 单词拼写 完成句子 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 一般过去时的用法 一、定义 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，明确动作发生的时间范围。其结构为：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 二、动词过去式的变化规则 1. 一般情况直接加 -ed：work → worked；play → played 2. 以不发音的 e 结尾，加 -d：live → lived；like → liked 3. 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -ed：study → studied；worry → worried 4. 重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母加 -ed：stop → stopped；plan → planned 5. 不规则变化（特殊记忆） be → was/were；do → did；have → had；go → went eat → ate；see → saw；get → got；make → made 三、基本用法 1. 表示过去某个具体时间发生的动作 例： He finished his homework at 8 o'clock last night.（他昨晚8点完成了作业。） 2. 表示过去某个时间段存在的状态 例： There were 50 students in our class last term.（上学期我们班有50名学生。） 3. 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作（可与used to do sth. 替换，表“过去常常做某事”） 例： My grandmother used to tell me stories before bed.（我奶奶以前睡前常给我讲故事。） 4. 用于虚拟语气或固定句型 例：① If I were you, I would go there.（如果我是你，我会去那里。—— 虚拟语气，be动词统一用were） ② It's time you went to bed.（你该睡觉了。—— It's time + 从句，从句用一般过去时表建议） 易｜错｜点｜拨 be 动词与实义动词混用：一个句子中不能同时出现 be 动词和实义动词的过去式 错误：She was watched TV； 正确：She watched TV 【即时检测】 1．— I didn’t see you at Lucy’s birthday party last night. — Oh, sorry. The heavy rainstorm ________ me going there. A．prevents B．has prevented C．is preventing D．prevented 【答案】D 【详解】根据上句“last night”可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式prevented。故选D。 2．She ________ for the exam every day to make sure she would pass. A．prepares B．prepared C．is preparing D．will prepare 【答案】B 【详解】此句为宾语从句，根据“to make sure she would pass”中的“would pass”可知，主句动作发生在过去，且“every day”表示过去的习惯性动作，故主句用一般过去时，空处填动词过去式的prepared作谓语。故选B。 知识点02 一般将来时的用法 一、概述：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示计划、打算、安排好的未来事项，或对未来的预测、判断。常与表示未来的时间状语连用，明确动作发生的时间范围。有两种基础结构： 1. will + 动词原形 2. be going to + 动词原形 二、基本用法 1. will + 动词原形的用法 （1）表对未来的预测：It will rain tomorrow.（明天会下雨。） （2）表临时决定：Who will help me?（谁来帮我？） （3）表意愿、承诺：I will help you with your English.（我会帮你学英语的。） 2. be going to + 动词原形的用法 （1）表计划、打算做某事（提前有安排）： We are going to take a trip next month.（我们下个月打算去旅行。） （2）表有迹象即将发生某事： Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.（看那些云！要下雨了。） 3. 一般现在时表将来的用法，限于 come, go, leave, start, arrive 等表位移或计划的动词，多搭配时刻表、课程表等固定安排。 例：The train leaves at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.（火车明天早上9点出发。） 【即时检测】 1．The students ________ the museum next month. A．visit B．visits C．visited D．are going to visit 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。根据“next month”可知，句子表述的是将来的活动，需用一般将来时结构。故选D。 2．—Next Monday is Sam’s birthday. Who will he invite to his birthday party? Do you know? —Oh, he ________ all his best friends. A．invites B．will invite C．invited D．invite 【答案】B 【详解】根据问句“Next Monday is Sam’s birthday. Who will he invite to his birthday party?”可知，山姆下周一过生日，询问的是将来他会邀请谁参加生日派对，所以答句中应该用一般将来时“will + 动词原形”，即will invite。故选B。 知识点03现在进行时的用法 一、概述：表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也表示现阶段或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作。基本结构为：主语＋be＋动词的现在分词＋其他。 二、动词现在分词的变化规则 分类 单词变形 一般情况下在动词词尾加ing go →going ask →asking look→looking 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加ing have → having take→taking make→making write→writing 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母，再加-ing。 get → getting sit → sitting put → putting run → running swim → swimming begin → beginning 三、基础用法： 1.表示说话时动作正在进行，往往与now连用，有时用在祈使句之后。 2.表示现阶段动作正在进行，但不一定是说话时正在进行，往往和at present，this week，these days等时间状语连用。 3. 当句中含有Look！或Listen！Can you see...，Can't you see...等暗示词时，后边句子也用现在进行时。 易｜错｜点｜拨 现在进行时不能用于表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 错误：I am getting up at 6 every day. 正确：I get up at 6 every day. 【即时检测】 1．Mary always makes careful notes while she ________. A．is read B．will read C．has read D．is reading 【答案】D 【详解】根据“while”可知，阅读的时候总是做笔记，应用现在进行时“am/is/are+动词现在分词”，主语为she，be动词用is，故选D。 2．—Mike won the first prize in our school art festival. —Wonderful! I am ________ his next performance (表演). A．pay attention to B．looking forward to C．used to 【答案】B 【详解】pay attention to注意；looking forward to期待；used to过去常常。根据“I am”可知，此句时态为现在进行时，动词要用ing形式；又根据“his next performance”可知，此处应表达对下次表演的期待。故选B。 3．— Listen! Who ________ on the door? — Maybe it’s my classmate John. He wants me to help with his math homework. A．is knocking B．knocks C．will knock D．knocked 【答案】A 【详解】根据“Listen!”可知，敲门动作正在发生，强调当前进行的状态，因此需用现在进行时，结构为be doing。故选A。 4．My mother ______ dinner in the kitchen at the moment, so I can’t ask her for help. A．cook B．cooks C．is cooking D．is cooked 【答案】C 【详解】根据“at the moment”可知，此处是描述此刻正在进行的动作，所以应该用现在进行时，其结构为“be动词+动词现在分词”，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is，cook的现在分词为cooking。故选C。 知识点04 现在完成时的用法 一、概述：表示过去发生或已经发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响，可以和already，yet，just连用。 结构： have／has＋动词的过去分词 二、动词的过去分词构成规则： 分类 单词变形 一般情况，在动词原形后直接加 -ed work → worked、look → looked、play → played 以不发音的 e 结尾，直接加 -d live → lived、like → liked、hope → hoped 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾：把 y 改为 i，再加 -ed study → studied、carry → carried、try → tried 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed stop → stopped、plan → planned、fit → fitted 原形、过去式、过去分词完全相同 cut → cut → cut、put → put → put、cost → cost → cost 原形与过去分词相同，过去式不同 come → came → come、become → became → become 三者均不同 eat → ate → eaten、see → saw → seen、take → took → taken 三、延续性动词和非延续性动词： 非延续性动词不可以和现在完成时一段时间连用，需要转化为延续性动词（短语）或“be+形容词/副词”的结构 。如： buy- have borrow – keep open- be open close – be closed start/begin- be on come – be here finish -be over die – be dead leave – be away join – be in/be a member of 四、基本用法 1. 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 强调动作的结果，常与 already（已经）、yet（还；尚未）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从未） 等副词连用。 例：I have just finished my homework. Now I can watch TV. 2. 表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态 常与 for + 时间段 或 since + 时间点 / 一般过去时句子连用，动词多为延续性动词（如 live, work, study, keep 等）。 例：We have lived in this city for 10 years.（我们在这座城市住了 10 年了）。 3. 表示 “去过某地” vs “去了某地” have been to + 地点：去过某地（现在已经回来了） 例：I have been to Shanghai twice.（我去过上海两次。） have gone to + 地点：去了某地（现在还没回来，可能在途中或目的地） 例：My father has gone to Beijing. He will come back next week.（我爸爸去北京了，下周回来。） 易｜错｜点｜拨 现在完成时表 “持续” 时，需用延续性动词，不能用非延续性动词（如 come, go, leave, buy, die 等）。 错误：He has left for 3 days. 正确：He has been away for 3 days.（leave 是非延续性动词，需换成 be away 这个延续性短语） 常见转换：buy → have; borrow → keep; join → be in; die → be dead 【即时检测】 1．—Linda ________ writing a new novel already! —Yes! She worked on it for a whole year. The ideas in it are truly amazing. A．finishes B．will finish C．finished D．has finished 【答案】D 【详解】结合语境和“already”可知，此处应用现在完成时。即have/has+过去分词的结构。故选D。 2．That remote atoll has ________ off the mainland for centuries. A．lie B．lies C．lay D．lain 【答案】D 【详解】lie原形，意为“位于”；lies第三人称单数；lay过去式，意为“躺/放置”；lain过去分词。根据时间状语for centuries和句子结构，此处需用现在完成时态，且动词需用过去分词形式。故选D。 3．—Helen ________ here for almost 7 years and she has many friends. —That’s true. She is friendly to everyone here. A．came B．has come C．has been 【答案】C 【详解】 came来，过去式； has come已经来，现在完成时；has been一直在，现在完成时。根据“for almost 7 years”可知，此处表示一段时间，需用现在完成时强调动作或状态从过去持续到现在；come是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用表示持续状态，be动词可以表示持续状态。结合上下文“she has many friends”和“She is friendly”说明，海伦仍在这里。故选C。 4．—Excuse me.Where’s Mr Hu? —Oh,he _______ the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon. A．goes to B．has gone to C．went to D．has been to 【答案】B 【详解】goes to一般现在时，表示习惯性动作；has gone to现在完成时，表示去了，但还未回来，强调对现在的影响；went to一般过去时，仅表示过去的动作，不强调对现在的影响；has been to现在完成时，去过某地（已返回）。需用现在完成时“has gone to”（表示已去某地且未返回）。故选B。 知识点05 被动语态 一、概述：主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。 二、用法： 1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。 例句：The window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。 2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。 例句：These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。 易｜错｜点｜拨 不及物动词（后面不能直接加宾语）如 happen, appear, die, come 等，不能用于被动语态。 错误：The accident was happened yesterday. 正确：The accident happened yesterday. 【即时检测】 1．—The window is broken and needs ________. —I think so. They can hardly keep out the cold now. A．repairing B．to repair C．repaired D．be repaired 【答案】A 【详解】根据sth. need doing = sth. need to be done “某物需要被……”可知，此处可填动名词repairing用主动形式表被动意义，或填不定式的被动式to be repaired。故选A。 2．The accident _________ last week. A．was taken place B．was happened C．happened D．took place 【答案】C 【详解】happen强调偶然发生；take place通常指有计划地发生；happen和take place都是不及物动词，没有被动语态，排除A、B。事故一般是偶然发生的，故用happened。故选C。 知识点06 动词不定式 一、概述：动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。它保留着动词的特点可以有自己的宾语和状语。它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。 二、动词不定式的用法： 1.用作主语：动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末。 2.用作表语：常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。 3.用作宾语：want, decide, hope, ask,agree,choose,learn, plan, need, teach, prepare等，常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。 4.用作定语： （1）句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。 （2）动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。 （3）在“there be...”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象，常用主动式主动的语态表示被动的意思。 5、作状语： （1）目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调. （2）结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。 三、动词不定式的省略 1. 有些动词后面的不定式要省去to。这样的动词可归纳为:一感(feel),二听(hear listen to),三让(let make.have),四看(see、watch、look at、notice)。当它们用于被动结构时,to必须保留(let除外)。 2. 动词help后面接不定式作宾语补足语,to可有可无。 【即时检测】 1．—Hi, Lucy, What time is it? —Er, it’s 10:00 a.m. now, Cindy. It’s time for us ________ sports. A．do B．to do C．does D．doing 【答案】B 【详解】do动词原形；to do动词不定式；does第三人称单数；doing动名词或现在分词。“It’s time for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“是某人做某事的时候了”，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正主语，故选B。 2．The fact that we are ready ________ the school sports meeting makes everyone excited. A．attend B．attending C．to attend D．attended 【答案】C 【详解】“are ready”后缺少宾语，且此处指“准备好做某事”，用“be ready to do sth.”的结构，空处应填不定式“to attend”。故选C。 基础通关 一、单项选择 1．Don’t forget ________ some water with you. A．take B．to take C．taking 【答案】B 【详解】take带，拿，动词原形；to take带，拿，动词不定式；taking带，拿，动名词。根据“Don’t forget...some water with you.”可知，forget to do sth“忘记要做某事”，此处表示提醒对方记得做某事。故选B。 2．—Where is Tom? —He _________ basketball with his friends on the playground. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．will play 【答案】C 【详解】plays玩，一般现在时态；played玩，一般过去时态；is playing正在玩，现在进行时态；will play将会玩，一般将来时态；根据问句“Where is Tom?”询问当前位置，答句需描述正在发生的动作，因此用现在进行时表示动作正在进行。故选C。 3．We go to the sports center ________ basketball every weekend. A．playing B．to play C．play 【答案】playing动名词或现在分词；to play动词不定式；play动词原形。根据“We go to the sports center...basketball every weekend.”可知，此处表示去体育中心的目的，用不定式结构。故选B。 4．Look! Your books are everywhere. You need ________ your room tidy and clean. A．keeping B．to keep C．keeps 【答案】B 【详解】need to do sth需要做某事，所以此处用不定式作宾语。故选B。 5．—What a great factory! I haven’t seen it before. —Of course you haven’t. It ________ when you were abroad. A．is built B．built C．was built 【答案】C 【详解】根据时间状语“when you were abroad”可知，动作发生在过去，且“工厂”是被建造的对象，需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 6．—How long ________ your parents ________ in Yangzhou? —For more than 20 years. They love this city very much. A．have; lived B．did; live C．do; live D．will; live 【答案】A 【详解】根据“For more than 20 years”可知，父母在扬州居住这个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，符合现在完成时的用法，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语your parents是复数，助动词用have，live的过去分词是lived。故选A。 7．It has been ten years ________ my cousin left Xiamen to work in Beijing. A．since B．when C．before 【答案】A 【详解】 since自从；when当……时候；before在……之前。根据“it has been ten years”的现在完成时结构，结合“my cousin left Xiamen”的一般过去时，符合“it has been+时间段+since+一般过去时”的语法结构，表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，此处用since，since引导的从句需用一般过去时，表示动作的起点。故选A。 8．—Have you got your school things ready? We ________ in two minutes. —Sure. Everything is ready. A．are leaving B．left C．have left 【答案】A 【详解】根据“—Have you got your school things ready? We...in two minutes. —Sure. Everything is ready.”可知，此处是在描述两分钟后将要发生的动作，即“我们两分钟后就要走了”，所以应该用现在进行时表示将来的动作，即are leaving。故选A。 9．Listen! The birds ________ in the tree. A．is singing B．are singing C．sing D．sings 【答案】B 【详解】is singing正在唱歌，主语为第三人称单数；are singing正在唱歌，主语为复数或第二人称；sing唱歌，动词原形；sings唱歌，动词第三人称单数形式。根据“Listen!”可知，句子时态是现在进行时，其结构为“be+动词的现在分词”，主语“The birds”是复数，be动词用are。故选B。 10．—Let’s play basketball this afternoon. —Sorry, I ________ a dancing class. A．had B．was having C．will have D．has 【答案】C 【详解】had一般过去时；was having过去进行时；will have一般将来时；has一般现在时。根据“this afternoon”可知，此处表示“下午将要上舞蹈课”这一未来计划，应用一般将来时will have，故选C。 11．My parents and I ________ trees next Sunday. A．plant B．will plant C．planted D．have planted 【答案】B 【详解】根据时间状语“next Sunday”可知，动作发生在将来，需用一般将来时。其结构为“will+动词原形”。故选B。 12．There ________ a football match on TV this evening. Let’s watch it together. A．is going to be B．was C．will have D．are 【答案】A 【详解】主语a football match为单数，且时间状语this evening表示将来，因此需用there be句型的一般将来时结构：there is/are going to be或there will be。故选A。 13．I don’t remember when and where I ________ this coat. A．buy B．am buying C．will buy D．bought 【答案】D 【详解】buy买；am buying正在买；will buy将要买；bought买（过去式）。根据“I don’t remember when and where”可知，“买外套”是过去发生的动作（因“不记得”暗示事件已发生），要用一般过去时。故选D。 14．—Excuse me, can I park in the street? —I’m sorry. You can park on neither side of the street, or you ________. A．fined B．will fine C．were fined D．will be fined 【答案】D 【详解】根据语境，此处是“如果停车，就会被罚款”，表示将来可能发生的被动动作，因此用一般将来时的被动语态will be fined。故选D。 15．—Helen ________ here for almost 7 years and she has many friends. —That’s true. She is friendly to everyone here. A．came B．has come C．has been 【答案】C 【详解】 came来，过去式； has come已经来，现在完成时；has been一直在，现在完成时。根据“for almost 7 years”可知，此处表示一段时间，需用现在完成时强调动作或状态从过去持续到现在；come是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用表示持续状态，be动词可以表示持续状态。结合上下文“she has many friends”和“She is friendly”说明，海伦仍在这里。故选C。 16．Sorry I’m late, Tony, but the bus ________, and there were no taxis. A．broke down B．was broken down C．has broken down D．has been broken down 【答案】A 【详解】break down表示“抛锚”或“故障”，是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。根据“there were no taxis”可知，事件发生在过去，需用一般过去时。故选A。 17．—I’m sorry I ________ my exercise book at home. —Don’t forget ________ it to school tomorrow, please. A．forgot; to take B．left; to bring C．forgot; to bring D．left; to take 【答案】B 【详解】forgot忘记（forget的过去式），to take拿走，不定式； left离开，遗留（leave的过去式），to bring带来，不定式；forgot忘记（forget的过去式），to bring带来，不定式；left离开，遗留（leave的过去式），to take拿走，不定式。根据“…my exercise book at home.”可知，第一个空表示“遗忘练习本在家里”，应使用“left”（遗留）。根据“…it to school tomorrow”可知，第二人说话时应在学校，要求对方将书从家带到学校（说话者所在地），因此第二空用“to bring”，“bring”（带来）指从别处带到说话者所在地，“take”（带走）指从说话者所在地带到别处。故选B。 18．He as well as his sisters ________ Chinese for ten years. A．study B．have studied C．has studied D．studies 【答案】C 【详解】当主语后接“as well as”引导的短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应与第一个主语保持一致。“He”是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词需用单数形式。时间状语“for ten years”表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时。故选C。 二、单词拼写 19．Our school will (host) a sports meeting next week. 【答案】host 【详解】句意：我们学校下周将会主办一场运动会。host“主办”，动词，置于will之后，应用动词原形。故填host。 20．On vacation, he usually stays at home (read) books quietly. 【答案】to read 【详解】句意：度假时，他通常待在家里安静地读书。根据“he usually stays at home ... books quietly.”可知，待在家的目的是为了读书，用不定式作目的状语。故填to read。 21．We are supposed to take action   (slow) down global warming. 【答案】to slow 【详解】根据题意和提示词可知，采取行动的目的是减缓全球变暖，此处应用slow的不定式形式to slow表目的。故填to slow。 22．Many old people are easily and give their money to strangers. (foolish) 【答案】fooled 【详解】foolish“愚蠢的”是形容词。空格处在系动词are后作表语，主语“Many old people”是动作的承受者，应用被动语态，结构为“be + 过去分词”。fool作动词意为“愚弄”，其过去分词为fooled。故填fooled。 23．Different digital payment methods, such as QR codes, have greatly our lives, making it much more convenient to buy things every day. (effect) 【答案】affected 【详解】effect为名词“影响”，此处需要动词作谓语，“have greatly+过去分词”构成现在完成时，effect对应的动词为affect，其过去分词形式为affected。故填affected。 24．Look! It is (snow) now. The ground is all white. 【答案】snowing 【详解】由“Look!”和“now”可知，此空是现在进行时，现在进行时的结构为：be+动词的现在分词，snow的现在分词形式是snowing。故填snowing。 25．Look! The players (pass) the ball to each other on the playground. 【答案】are passing 【详解】根据“Look!”和提示词可知，本句是现在进行时，主语The players是复数，所以，此处应用助动词are，pass的现在分词为passing。故填are passing。 26．They are (talk) about how to survive in the desert. 【答案】talking 【详解】根据“are”可知，此处使用现在分词，与be动词构成现在进行时结构，talk的现在分词为talking，talk about表示“讨论”。故填talking。 27．It’s 5 o’clock in the afternoon. The sun will (appear) soon. 【答案】disappear 【详解】appear“出现”，动词。根据“It’s 5 o’clock in the afternoon.”可知，太阳很快就会消失。disappear表示“消失”will后接动词原形。故填disappear。 28．Long ago there (live) a poor man in a small village. 【答案】lived 【详解】live“居住”是动词。由时间状语“Long ago”可知，句子应用一般过去时。故填lived。 29．The cat (catch) a bird and played with it. 【答案】caught 【详解】由并列谓语“played”可知，句子应用一般过去时。catch的过去式为caught。故填caught。 30．Tom fell off his bike and (break) his right arm. 【答案】broke 【详解】break“折断”是动词。由并列谓语“fell”可知，句子应用一般过去时。break的过去式为broke。故填broke。 31．Where (live) is a big problem. 【答案】to live 【详解】根据题意和提示词可知，此处是疑问词where+不定式to live构成复合结构，在句中充当主语，表示“住在哪里”这一抽象概念或问题。故填to live。 32．I (tell) to go to Australia as an exchange student this morning. 【答案】was told 【详解】分析题干可知，主语I和动词tell之间是被动关系，即“我被告知”，结合“this morning”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是I，be动词用was。故填was told。 33．The old man (live) in this neighbourhood since he was born. He knows everyone here. 【答案】has lived 【详解】他认识这里的每一个人。根据“since he was born”可知，主句时态为现在完成时“have/has done”，主语“The old man”是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has lived。 三、完成句子 34．Mary is reading a book in the living room now.（改为否定句） Mary a book in the living room now. 【答案】 isn’t reading 【详解】原句是现在进行时，改为否定句时，需在be动词is后加not，缩写为isn’t，动词的现在分词形式不变。故填isn’t；reading。 35．They plan to invite their friends. (对划线部分提问) they plan ? 【答案】 What do to do 【详解】划线部分“to invite their friends”是动词“plan”的宾语，表示“计划做什么”的动作内容，应使用疑问词what提问，句中有实义动词，主语是“they”，需借助助动词do；plan to do sth“计划做某事”，为固定表达。故填What；do；to；do。 36．学生们将被分成三组。 Students will three groups. 【答案】be divided into 【详解】根据中英文对照，缺少“被分成”，根据“Students will...”可知，是一般将来时的被动语态，其构成为主语+will be done，divide...into...“把……分成……”，其过去分词为divided。故填be divided into。 37．Airport staff transported all passenger luggage to the airplane half an hour ago. (改为被动语态) All passenger luggage to the airplane by airport staff half an hour ago. 【答案】 was transported 【详解】根据“half an hour ago”可知句子是一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+过去分词；原句宾语All passenger luggage变为被动语态的主语，luggage“行李”为不可数名词，be动词用was，动词transport的过去分词为transported。故填was；transported。 38．They finished their homework yesterday evening. (改为现在完成时) They their homework. 【答案】 have finished 【详解】现在完成时的结构为“have/has done”，主语是They，助动词应用have，finish的过去分词为finished。故填have；finished。 39．I put on my football shoes. (改写成现在进行时的句子) I on my football shoes now. 【答案】 am putting 【详解】现在进行时的结构为“am/is/are doing”，主语是I，助动词用am，put的现在分词为putting。故填am；putting。 40．We’re going to take the high-speed train to Beijing. (对划线部分提问) you going to Beijing? 【答案】 How are 【详解】划线部分“take the high-speed train”表示去北京要采取的交通方式，所以用how提问，改为疑问句时，将疑问词How置于句首，首字母大写，再把be动词are置于疑问词之后，主语you之前。故填How；are。 41．Many Chinese people used to go to work by bike in the 1980s. many Chinese people to go to work in the 1980s? 【答案】 How did use 【详解】划线部分“by bike”表示出行方式，应用how提问；原句含“used to”，变为疑问句时需借助助动词did，且“used”要还原为“use”。故填How；did；use。 42．They studied the dish for a month. (对划线部分提问) they the dish? 【答案】 How long did study 【详解】“for a month”表示动作持续的时间长度，因此用“how long”提问；原句是一般过去时，句中有实义动词，需借助助动词did构成特殊疑问句，did接动词原形study。故填How；long；did；study。 43．My sister walks to the town to do the shopping. (对划线部分提问) your sister to the town ? 【答案】 What does walk to do 【详解】句意：我妹妹步行去镇上买东西。划线部分为具体做的事情，应用what提问；时态为一般现在时，主语为三单形式，需借助助动词does；后接动词原形walk；保留原句的目的状语结构to do；句首单词首字母大写。故填What；does；walk；to；do。 44．Xu Xiake’s spirit has influenced us to study harder since we read a book about him. Xu Xiake’s spirit you to study harder? 【答案】 How long has influenced 【详解】句意：自从我们读了一本关于徐霞客的书后，他的精神就激励我们更加努力地学习。划线部分“since we read a book about him”表示时间起点，应用How long提问时长；原句为现在完成时，需将助动词has提前，“influenced”保持不变。故填How；long；has；influenced。 45．I will buy a new book. (对画线部分提问) you ? 【答案】 What will do 【详解】句意：我将要买一本新书。对“买一本新书”进行提问，问“你将要做什么”，用疑问词what，问句中will置于主语之前，主语后用“do”表示“做”。故填What；will；do。 重难突破 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。 Going Green We hear a lot about how we should change our lives to help save our planet. Jim Barnes, 15, from Oxford, is talking about what his family did last year to save 46 planet. Jim Barnes: According to a study, a common family makes more than one ton of rubbish a year. Some of the waste takes hundreds of 47 (year) to decay (腐烂). So, to help save the planet, our family decided 48 (change) our life habits last year. We recycled (再利用) everything. For example, we collected used things, such as paper and bottles and reused them. We also grew 49 (we) own vegetables. The study shows that, in a year, a family like ours uses too much electricity (电) for things like watching TV and taking showers. So there is a lot of 50 (pollute) every year. This pollution can cause health problems and global warming. Because 51 all this, we decided to do something to save electricity last year. We watched less TV and used low-energy light bulbs. We also 52 (stop) using the air conditioners. What’s more, we tried to use our car less to cut down on air pollution. My parents took the subway three times a week 53 I rode my bicycle to school last year. It is so important to protect our Earth. In my mind, if everyone 54 (do) something to protect the Earth, our planet 55 (become) more and more beautiful. 【答案】 46．the 47．years 48．to change 49．our 50．pollution 51．of 52．stopped 53．and 54．does 55．will become 【导语】本文主要介绍了吉姆·巴恩斯一家去年为拯救地球所做的事情。 46．句意：来自牛津的15岁的吉姆·巴恩斯正在讲述他的家人去年为拯救地球所做的事情。空处位于可数名词planet前，表示特指，用the，the planet“地球”。故填the。 47．句意：有些废物需要数百年才能腐烂。空处位于数词hundreds of后，填可数名词复数作宾语。year“年”，可数名词，其复数形式为years。故填years。 48．句意：所以，为了帮助拯救地球，我们家去年决定改变我们的生活习惯。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，空处填动词不定式。change“改变”，动词，其不定式为to change。故填to change。 49．句意：我们还自己种蔬菜。one’s own sth“某人自己的……”，空处填形容词性物主代词。we“我们”，主格，其形容词性物主代词为our。故填our。 50．句意：所以每年都有很多污染。空处位于a lot of后，填名词作表语。pollute“污染”，动词，其名词为pollution“污染”，不可数名词。故填pollution。 51．句意：因为这一切，去年我们决定做一些事情来节约用电。because of“因为”，后接单词或短语。故填of。 52．句意：我们也停止使用空调。此处指去年发生的事情，用一般过去时。空处位于主语We后，填动词过去式作谓语。stop“停止”，动词，其过去式为stopped。故填stopped。 53．句意：去年，我父母每周乘三次地铁，并且我骑自行车上学。空处填连词连接前后两句话，且前后两句话是并列关系。and“并且”，表并列关系。故填and。 54．句意：在我看来，如果每个人都做一些事情来保护地球，我们的星球将变得越来越美丽。此句为if引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”。空处位于从句，用一般现在时。空处位于主语everyone后，填动词三单形式作谓语。do“做”，动词，其三单形式为does。故填does。 55．句意：在我看来，如果每个人都做一些事情来保护地球，我们的星球将变得越来越美丽。此句为if引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”。空处位于主句，用一般将来时，结构为will do。become“变成”，动词。故填will become。 链接中考 一、单项选择 1．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and ________ them on the plate. A．laid B．lay C．lain 【答案】A 【详解】句意：端午节，我妈妈做了美味的粽子，把它们摆放在盘子里。 考查动词辨析和时态。laid摆放，lay的过去式；lay平躺，lie的过去式/放置，动词原形；lain躺下，lie的过去分词。根据“them on the plate”可知是把粽子摆放在盘子里，根据“cooked”可知句子用一般过去时，故用lay的过去式laid。故选A。 2．（2025·天津·中考真题）The mobile phone ________ when I was making a cake with my mother. A．rang B．rings C．is ringing D．is going to ring 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我和妈妈正在做蛋糕时，手机响了。 考查动词的时态。根据“when I was making a cake with my mother”可知，此处强调正在做某事时突然发生另一件事，即我和妈妈正在做蛋糕时，手机响了，此处主句动作“响”表示过去某一时刻发生的短暂动作，故应用一般过去时rang。故选A。 3．（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．are visiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你明天要做什么？——我要去参观博物馆来了解当地的历史。 考查动词时态辨析。根据问句中的时间状语“tomorrow”可知，答句应使用一般将来时，故选C。 4．（2025·北京·中考真题）— Linda, do you know ________ for the school trip this term? — Yes. We are going to the Capital Museum. A．where we are going B．where we went C．where are we going D．where did we go 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——琳达，你知道这学期我们学校旅行要去哪里吗？——是的。我们要去首都博物馆。 考查宾语从句。根据“do you know...for the school trip this term”可知，空处填入的是宾语从句，用陈述句序，因此排除选项C和D（均为疑问语序）；结合回答“We are going to the Capital Museum.”可知，此时宾语从句用一般将来时，排除选项B（为一般过去时）。故选A。 5．（2025·江西·中考真题）—Lisa, your shoes are dirty. —Oh, just leave them there, Mum. I ______ them with my clothes. A．wash B．will wash C．washed D．have washed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Lisa，你的鞋子脏了。——哦，就把它们放那儿吧，妈妈。我把它们和衣服一起洗。 考查动词时态。根据“Oh, just leave them there, Mum. I ...them with my clothes”可知，此处表示将来要做的动作，需用一般将来时（will do），故选B。 6．（2025·西藏·中考真题）I ________ some good friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从我来到这所学校以来，我交了一些好朋友。 考查时态。根据“since I came to this school”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done，主语是I，助动词用have。故选B。 7．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. —Yes. The government ________ a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. A．started B．has started C．will start 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——中国正在采取行动帮助人们控制体重，过上更健康的生活。——是的。政府已经开始了为期三年的“体重管理年”计划。 考查时态。started一般过去时；has started现在完成时；will start一般将来时。根据“already”可知，政府已经开始了为期三年的“体重管理年”计划，本句应使用现在完成时。故选B。 8．（2025·安徽·中考真题）—The robots ________ each other to the finish line. —How exciting! Our robot is going to win. A．raced B．were racing C．race D．are racing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——机器人正在互相竞赛冲向终点线。——太令人兴奋了！我们的机器人要赢了。 考查时态。根据“Our robot is going to win.”可知，说明比赛正在进行中，用现在进行时“am/is/are doing”。故选D。 9．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）—Tina, the phone ________. Can you answer it? —Sure, Mum. A．was ringing B．is ringing C．rang 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——蒂娜，电话铃响了。你能回答吗？——当然，妈妈。 考查时态。根据“Can you answer it”可知此处表示电话铃正在响，用现在进行时，be动词用is。故选B。 10．（2025·西藏·中考真题）More and more new technologies will ________ into our lives by scientists. A．bring B．brought C．be brought D．brings 【答案】C 【详解】句意：越来越多的新技术将被科学家引入我们的生活中。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语More and more new technologies和动词bring之间是被动关系，故此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选C。 11．（2025·北京·中考真题）Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，越来越多的人在使用语言学习应用程序。 考查动词时态及被动语态。根据“these days”可知，时态是一般现在时。结合“by”可知，此处是被动语态，应用程序被人们使用。故选C。 12．（2025·福建·中考真题）China’s Beijing Library ________ “Public Library of the Year” in 2024. A．named B．was named C．will be named 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国的北京图书馆在 2024 年荣获“年度公共图书馆”称号。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“in 2024”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 13．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：基蒂这个星期六下午要去英语角练习英语。 考查非谓语动词。to practise练习，动词不定式形式；practising练习，现在分词或动名词形式；practised练习，过去式或过去分词形式；practise练习，动词原形。根据句子结构可知，空处应是动词不定式作目的状语，表示去英语角的目的是练习英语。故选A。 14．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）________ communication easier and faster, engineers in that company have designed a kind of smart watches. A．Make B．Making C．To make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了实现更便捷、快速的通信，该公司的工程师设计了一款智能手表。 考查非谓语动词。根据“engineers in that company have designed a kind of smart watches.”可知，工程师设计了一款智能手表是为了实现更便捷、快速的通信，应用动词不定式表示目的。故选C。 15．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Our English teacher is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us ________. A．to laugh B．laugh C．laughed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师很幽默，他经常讲有趣的笑话来逗笑我们。 考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、被动语态、动词不定式的用法 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 8~10 一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、被动语态、动词不定式 单词拼写 完成句子 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 一般过去时的用法 一、定义 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，明确动作发生的时间范围。其结构为：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 二、动词过去式的变化规则 1. 一般情况直接加 -ed：work → worked；play → played 2. 以不发音的 e 结尾，加 -d：live → lived；like → liked 3. 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -ed：study → studied；worry → worried 4. 重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母加 -ed：stop → stopped；plan → planned 5. 不规则变化（特殊记忆） be → was/were；do → did；have → had；go → went eat → ate；see → saw；get → got；make → made 三、基本用法 1. 表示过去某个具体时间发生的动作 例： He finished his homework at 8 o'clock last night.（他昨晚8点完成了作业。） 2. 表示过去某个时间段存在的状态 例： There were 50 students in our class last term.（上学期我们班有50名学生。） 3. 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作（可与used to do sth. 替换，表“过去常常做某事”） 例： My grandmother used to tell me stories before bed.（我奶奶以前睡前常给我讲故事。） 4. 用于虚拟语气或固定句型 例：① If I were you, I would go there.（如果我是你，我会去那里。—— 虚拟语气，be动词统一用were） ② It's time you went to bed.（你该睡觉了。—— It's time + 从句，从句用一般过去时表建议） 易｜错｜点｜拨 be 动词与实义动词混用：一个句子中不能同时出现 be 动词和实义动词的过去式 错误：She was watched TV； 正确：She watched TV 【即时检测】 1．— I didn’t see you at Lucy’s birthday party last night. — Oh, sorry. The heavy rainstorm ________ me going there. A．prevents B．has prevented C．is preventing D．prevented 2．She ________ for the exam every day to make sure she would pass. A．prepares B．prepared C．is preparing D．will prepare 知识点02 一般将来时的用法 一、概述：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示计划、打算、安排好的未来事项，或对未来的预测、判断。常与表示未来的时间状语连用，明确动作发生的时间范围。有两种基础结构： 1. will + 动词原形 2. be going to + 动词原形 二、基本用法 1. will + 动词原形的用法 （1）表对未来的预测：It will rain tomorrow.（明天会下雨。） （2）表临时决定：Who will help me?（谁来帮我？） （3）表意愿、承诺：I will help you with your English.（我会帮你学英语的。） 2. be going to + 动词原形的用法 （1）表计划、打算做某事（提前有安排）： We are going to take a trip next month.（我们下个月打算去旅行。） （2）表有迹象即将发生某事： Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.（看那些云！要下雨了。） 3. 一般现在时表将来的用法，限于 come, go, leave, start, arrive 等表位移或计划的动词，多搭配时刻表、课程表等固定安排。 例：The train leaves at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.（火车明天早上9点出发。） 【即时检测】 1．The students ________ the museum next month. A．visit B．visits C．visited D．are going to visit 2．—Next Monday is Sam’s birthday. Who will he invite to his birthday party? Do you know? —Oh, he ________ all his best friends. A．invites B．will invite C．invited D．invite 知识点03现在进行时的用法 一、概述：表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也表示现阶段或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作。基本结构为：主语＋be＋动词的现在分词＋其他。 二、动词现在分词的变化规则 分类 单词变形 一般情况下在动词词尾加ing go →going ask →asking look→looking 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加ing have → having take→taking make→making write→writing 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母，再加-ing。 get → getting sit → sitting put → putting run → running swim → swimming begin → beginning 三、基础用法： 1.表示说话时动作正在进行，往往与now连用，有时用在祈使句之后。 2.表示现阶段动作正在进行，但不一定是说话时正在进行，往往和at present，this week，these days等时间状语连用。 3. 当句中含有Look！或Listen！Can you see...，Can't you see...等暗示词时，后边句子也用现在进行时。 易｜错｜点｜拨 现在进行时不能用于表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 错误：I am getting up at 6 every day. 正确：I get up at 6 every day. 【即时检测】 1．Mary always makes careful notes while she ________. A．is read B．will read C．has read D．is reading 2．—Mike won the first prize in our school art festival. —Wonderful! I am ________ his next performance (表演). A．pay attention to B．looking forward to C．used to 3．— Listen! Who ________ on the door? — Maybe it’s my classmate John. He wants me to help with his math homework. A．is knocking B．knocks C．will knock D．knocked 4．My mother ______ dinner in the kitchen at the moment, so I can’t ask her for help. A．cook B．cooks C．is cooking D．is cooked 知识点04 现在完成时的用法 一、概述：表示过去发生或已经发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响，可以和already，yet，just连用。 结构： have／has＋动词的过去分词 二、动词的过去分词构成规则： 分类 单词变形 一般情况，在动词原形后直接加 -ed work → worked、look → looked、play → played 以不发音的 e 结尾，直接加 -d live → lived、like → liked、hope → hoped 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾：把 y 改为 i，再加 -ed study → studied、carry → carried、try → tried 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed stop → stopped、plan → planned、fit → fitted 原形、过去式、过去分词完全相同 cut → cut → cut、put → put → put、cost → cost → cost 原形与过去分词相同，过去式不同 come → came → come、become → became → become 三者均不同 eat → ate → eaten、see → saw → seen、take → took → taken 三、延续性动词和非延续性动词： 非延续性动词不可以和现在完成时一段时间连用，需要转化为延续性动词（短语）或“be+形容词/副词”的结构 。如： buy- have borrow – keep open- be open close – be closed start/begin- be on come – be here finish -be over die – be dead leave – be away join – be in/be a member of 四、基本用法 1. 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 强调动作的结果，常与 already（已经）、yet（还；尚未）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从未） 等副词连用。 例：I have just finished my homework. Now I can watch TV. 2. 表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态 常与 for + 时间段 或 since + 时间点 / 一般过去时句子连用，动词多为延续性动词（如 live, work, study, keep 等）。 例：We have lived in this city for 10 years.（我们在这座城市住了 10 年了）。 3. 表示 “去过某地” vs “去了某地” have been to + 地点：去过某地（现在已经回来了） 例：I have been to Shanghai twice.（我去过上海两次。） have gone to + 地点：去了某地（现在还没回来，可能在途中或目的地） 例：My father has gone to Beijing. He will come back next week.（我爸爸去北京了，下周回来。） 易｜错｜点｜拨 现在完成时表 “持续” 时，需用延续性动词，不能用非延续性动词（如 come, go, leave, buy, die 等）。 错误：He has left for 3 days. 正确：He has been away for 3 days.（leave 是非延续性动词，需换成 be away 这个延续性短语） 常见转换：buy → have; borrow → keep; join → be in; die → be dead 【即时检测】 1．—Linda ________ writing a new novel already! —Yes! She worked on it for a whole year. The ideas in it are truly amazing. A．finishes B．will finish C．finished D．has finished 2．That remote atoll has ________ off the mainland for centuries. A．lie B．lies C．lay D．lain 3．—Helen ________ here for almost 7 years and she has many friends. —That’s true. She is friendly to everyone here. A．came B．has come C．has been 4．—Excuse me.Where’s Mr Hu? —Oh,he _______ the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon. A．goes to B．has gone to C．went to D．has been to 知识点05 被动语态 一、概述：主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。 二、用法： 1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。 例句：The window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。 2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。 例句：These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。 易｜错｜点｜拨 不及物动词（后面不能直接加宾语）如 happen, appear, die, come 等，不能用于被动语态。 错误：The accident was happened yesterday. 正确：The accident happened yesterday. 【即时检测】 1．—The window is broken and needs ________. —I think so. They can hardly keep out the cold now. A．repairing B．to repair C．repaired D．be repaired 2．The accident _________ last week. A．was taken place B．was happened C．happened D．took place 知识点06 动词不定式 一、概述：动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。它保留着动词的特点可以有自己的宾语和状语。它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。 二、动词不定式的用法： 1.用作主语：动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末。 2.用作表语：常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。 3.用作宾语：want, decide, hope, ask,agree,choose,learn, plan, need, teach, prepare等，常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。 4.用作定语： （1）句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。 （2）动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。 （3）在“there be...”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象，常用主动式主动的语态表示被动的意思。 5、作状语： （1）目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调. （2）结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。 三、动词不定式的省略 1. 有些动词后面的不定式要省去to。这样的动词可归纳为:一感(feel),二听(hear listen to),三让(let make.have),四看(see、watch、look at、notice)。当它们用于被动结构时,to必须保留(let除外)。 2. 动词help后面接不定式作宾语补足语,to可有可无。 【即时检测】 1．—Hi, Lucy, What time is it? —Er, it’s 10:00 a.m. now, Cindy. It’s time for us ________ sports. A．do B．to do C．does D．doing 2．The fact that we are ready ________ the school sports meeting makes everyone excited. A．attend B．attending C．to attend D．attended 基础通关 一、单项选择 1．Don’t forget ________ some water with you. A．take B．to take C．taking 2．—Where is Tom? —He _________ basketball with his friends on the playground. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．will play 3．We go to the sports center ________ basketball every weekend. A．playing B．to play C．play 4．Look! Your books are everywhere. You need ________ your room tidy and clean. A．keeping B．to keep C．keeps 5．—What a great factory! I haven’t seen it before. —Of course you haven’t. It ________ when you were abroad. A．is built B．built C．was built 6．—How long ________ your parents ________ in Yangzhou? —For more than 20 years. They love this city very much. A．have; lived B．did; live C．do; live D．will; live 7．It has been ten years ________ my cousin left Xiamen to work in Beijing. A．since B．when C．before 8．—Have you got your school things ready? We ________ in two minutes. —Sure. Everything is ready. A．are leaving B．left C．have left 9．Listen! The birds ________ in the tree. A．is singing B．are singing C．sing D．sings 10．—Let’s play basketball this afternoon. —Sorry, I ________ a dancing class. A．had B．was having C．will have D．has 11．My parents and I ________ trees next Sunday. A．plant B．will plant C．planted D．have planted 12．There ________ a football match on TV this evening. Let’s watch it together. A．is going to be B．was C．will have D．are 13．I don’t remember when and where I ________ this coat. A．buy B．am buying C．will buy D．bought 14．—Excuse me, can I park in the street? —I’m sorry. You can park on neither side of the street, or you ________. A．fined B．will fine C．were fined D．will be fined 15．—Helen ________ here for almost 7 years and she has many friends. —That’s true. She is friendly to everyone here. A．came B．has come C．has been 16．Sorry I’m late, Tony, but the bus ________, and there were no taxis. A．broke down B．was broken down C．has broken down D．has been broken down 17．—I’m sorry I ________ my exercise book at home. —Don’t forget ________ it to school tomorrow, please. A．forgot; to take B．left; to bring C．forgot; to bring D．left; to take 18．He as well as his sisters ________ Chinese for ten years. A．study B．have studied C．has studied D．studies 二、单词拼写 19．Our school will (host) a sports meeting next week. 20．On vacation, he usually stays at home (read) books quietly. 21．We are supposed to take action   (slow) down global warming. 22．Many old people are easily and give their money to strangers. (foolish) 23．Different digital payment methods, such as QR codes, have greatly our lives, making it much more convenient to buy things every day. (effect) 24．Look! It is (snow) now. The ground is all white. 25．Look! The players (pass) the ball to each other on the playground. 26．They are (talk) about how to survive in the desert. 27．It’s 5 o’clock in the afternoon. The sun will (appear) soon. 28．Long ago there (live) a poor man in a small village. 29．The cat (catch) a bird and played with it. 30．Tom fell off his bike and (break) his right arm. 31．Where (live) is a big problem. 32．I (tell) to go to Australia as an exchange student this morning. 33．The old man (live) in this neighbourhood since he was born. He knows everyone here. 三、完成句子 34．Mary is reading a book in the living room now.（改为否定句） Mary a book in the living room now. 35．They plan to invite their friends. (对划线部分提问) they plan ? 36．学生们将被分成三组。 Students will three groups. 37．Airport staff transported all passenger luggage to the airplane half an hour ago. (改为被动语态) All passenger luggage to the airplane by airport staff half an hour ago. 38．They finished their homework yesterday evening. (改为现在完成时) They their homework. 39．I put on my football shoes. (改写成现在进行时的句子) I on my football shoes now. 40．We’re going to take the high-speed train to Beijing. (对划线部分提问) you going to Beijing? 41．Many Chinese people used to go to work by bike in the 1980s. many Chinese people to go to work in the 1980s? 42．They studied the dish for a month. (对划线部分提问) they the dish? 43．My sister walks to the town to do the shopping. (对划线部分提问) your sister to the town ? 44．Xu Xiake’s spirit has influenced us to study harder since we read a book about him. Xu Xiake’s spirit you to study harder? 45．I will buy a new book. (对画线部分提问) you ? 重难突破 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。 Going Green We hear a lot about how we should change our lives to help save our planet. Jim Barnes, 15, from Oxford, is talking about what his family did last year to save 46 planet. Jim Barnes: According to a study, a common family makes more than one ton of rubbish a year. Some of the waste takes hundreds of 47 (year) to decay (腐烂). So, to help save the planet, our family decided 48 (change) our life habits last year. We recycled (再利用) everything. For example, we collected used things, such as paper and bottles and reused them. We also grew 49 (we) own vegetables. The study shows that, in a year, a family like ours uses too much electricity (电) for things like watching TV and taking showers. So there is a lot of 50 (pollute) every year. This pollution can cause health problems and global warming. Because 51 all this, we decided to do something to save electricity last year. We watched less TV and used low-energy light bulbs. We also 52 (stop) using the air conditioners. What’s more, we tried to use our car less to cut down on air pollution. My parents took the subway three times a week 53 I rode my bicycle to school last year. It is so important to protect our Earth. In my mind, if everyone 54 (do) something to protect the Earth, our planet 55 (become) more and more beautiful. 链接中考 一、单项选择 1．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and ________ them on the plate. A．laid B．lay C．lain 2．（2025·天津·中考真题）The mobile phone ________ when I was making a cake with my mother. A．rang B．rings C．is ringing D．is going to ring 3．（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．are visiting 4．（2025·北京·中考真题）— Linda, do you know ________ for the school trip this term? — Yes. We are going to the Capital Museum. A．where we are going B．where we went C．where are we going D．where did we go 5．（2025·江西·中考真题）—Lisa, your shoes are dirty. —Oh, just leave them there, Mum. I ______ them with my clothes. A．wash B．will wash C．washed D．have washed 6．（2025·西藏·中考真题）I ________ some good friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 7．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. —Yes. The government ________ a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. A．started B．has started C．will start 8．（2025·安徽·中考真题）—The robots ________ each other to the finish line. —How exciting! Our robot is going to win. A．raced B．were racing C．race D．are racing 9．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）—Tina, the phone ________. Can you answer it? —Sure, Mum. A．was ringing B．is ringing C．rang 10．（2025·西藏·中考真题）More and more new technologies will ________ into our lives by scientists. A．bring B．brought C．be brought D．brings 11．（2025·北京·中考真题）Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 12．（2025·福建·中考真题）China’s Beijing Library ________ “Public Library of the Year” in 2024. A．named B．was named C．will be named 13．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 14．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）________ communication easier and faster, engineers in that company have designed a kind of smart watches. A．Make B．Making C．To make 15．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Our English teacher is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us ________. A．to laugh B．laugh C．laughed 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $