内容正文:
第一讲 宏观把握,题文通读,架构了然于胸
做完形填空题时最大的禁忌就是急于求成、贸然行动。如果脱离语篇大环境,凭主观臆断,就会造成“只见树木,不见森林”的片面性错误。正确的做法是先通读全文和选项,对文意和题目有个大致了解,掌握文章主旨大意后,再进行第二遍精读和答题。如何高效读文,如何精准解题,本讲将进行全面的分析。
一、把握4大文体特征——读文求快
常考文体1:记叙文
完形填空的文章体裁以记叙文为主,记叙文是一种以写人记事为主要内容,以叙述为主要表达方式的文体。它主要包括人物故事、哲理故事、励志故事等。完形填空解题时,需要关注以下方面:提炼文章主旨,厘清写作顺序,把握记叙线索,明确写作要素。
常考文体2:夹叙夹议文
夹叙夹议类文章通常采用叙议结合的写作方法,文章先进行叙述,然后再在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论,说明故事所蕴含的哲理或总结出作者的观点。阅读此类文章时,学生要重点关注议论的部分,从而总结出文章的主旨。
偶考文体1:说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式,用来说明事物的一种文体。它通过剖析概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律,给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想,其基本模式是:概述——说明——总结。
偶考文体2:议论文
高考议论型短文分为两种:一种是夹叙夹议型短文,基本模式是:叙述事件——抒发感悟——得出结论;另一种是纯议论型短文,基本模式是:提出论点——列出论据——作出总结。
二、练就1项超人技能——题文齐读
什么是“题文齐读”
为什么要“题文齐读”
题文齐读,顾名思义就是一边读文,一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。二者并不是相互影响,而是协调配合、相互印证的。要做到同步聚焦(一边读文,一边扫描对应的选项),眼脑共用(边读文边思考,对各空的选项有一个初判)。这项技能要求较高,运用此法要保证注意力高度集中,要具备较强的聚合思维。在平时的训练中要多尝试应用才能内化于心。
1.一篇200~250词的短文设置15处空格,信息的残缺不全会造成较大的文意理解障碍。不看选项,不进行初判,“硬啃式”读文,会越读越难,到后面甚至读得心烦意乱,从而造成文意理解的偏差。
2.完形填空大部分题目是送分或保分题目,通过边读边预判就能够填补大部分空格,随着越来越多的空格被填补还原,文意也就越来越明显,读文障碍也会越来越少。“题文齐读”可以大大缩减读文和答题时间。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 41 a marathon race.Feeling motivated, I started running 42 , but then two things happened.First, a girl I met one day told me she was 43 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.To be honest, I 44 it! Between the girl making my 45 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 46 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 47 cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I 48 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day, I 49 her bike and went for a ride.The 50 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.I’d never faced such 51 .That day, I got 52 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 53 .
I’ve 54 a lot since then.I’ve come to accept that whatever 55 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
41. A.knew B.held
C.won D.quit
42. A.regularly B.silently
C.proudly D.recently
43. A.asking B.looking
C.waiting D.training
44. A.made B.believed
C.hated D.deserved
45. A.advantage B.achievement
C.contribution D.influence
46. A.way B.risk
C.place D.reason
47. A.gave up B.went on
C.turned to D.dealt with
48. A.heard B.dreamed
C.complained D.approved
49. A.painted B.borrowed
C.bought D.parked
50. A.problem B.secret
C.principle D.advice
51. A.dangers B.events
C.opponents D.challenges
52. A.passed B.convinced
C.admired D.stopped
53. A.reliable B.convenient
C.familiar D.appealing
54. A.traveled B.matured
C.missed D.worried
55. A.limits B.dates
C.goals D.tests
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