Unit4 The Wonders of Natures 词汇讲解文本-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

本讲义聚焦人教版八年级英语下学期Unit4“自然奇观”主题词汇，系统梳理从核心名词（如wonder, desert）、动词（如research, dive）、形容词（如unusual, curious）到地理专有名词（如Sahara Desert, Mount Qomolangma）的知识脉络，以课本原句和搭配示例为学习支架。 资料通过语境化呈现（每个单词配课本原句）提升语言理解与表达能力，融合中外自然奇观名称（如长江、尼罗河）涵养文化意识，借助派生词（如measure-measurement）和固定搭配（如in wonder）培养思维的关联性。课中辅助教师主题教学，课后助力学生巩固词汇应用，查漏补缺。

人教版（新版）八年级英语下学期 Unit4. The Wonders of Nature单词讲义 1. wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/n. 奇观；奇迹；惊叹 The Wonders of Nature（课本原句） *natural wonder自然奇观； *the Seven Wonders of the World世界七大奇迹； *in wonder（惊讶地） The Great Wall is one of the most famous wonders in the world. v. 琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 wonder + 疑问词（what/why/how）+ 从句； I wonder when we will have our next English test. 2. measurement /ˈmeʒəmənt/n. 数量；测量；度量 *take measurements进行测量， The measurement of this table is 1.2 meters long. The scientist spent two hours on the measurement of water temperature. *measure/ˈmeʒə(r)/，测量；衡量v measure the height “测量高度” Can you measure the distance between these two trees? 3. square kilometre平方千米 The area of this lake is about 50 square kilometres. Our city covers an area of over 2,000 square kilometres. Sahara Desert is about 9，000，000 square kilometers in size.（课本原句） 4. below /bɪˈləʊ/prep. 在（或到）…… 下面,少于；低于 adv. 在（或到）下面 *below zero 零下 *below the table 桌子下面 *live below住在楼下；*fall below降到…… 以下 The temperature will drop below 5℃ tonight. There is a small river below the mountain. 5. level /ˈlevl/n. 高度；水平；程度（指物理高度、技能水平或抽象程度） adj. 平坦的；水平的（指表面无起伏） Her English level has improved a lot this term. The ground here is not level—we need to make it flat. 6. surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/n. 表面；表层 the surface of the water水面； the surface of the earth地球表面； on the surface表面上 surface from sth.从某物中浮出， surface from the sea “从海里浮出” The surface of the Dead Sea is 416 meters below sea level .（课本原句） There are some leaves on the surface of the lake. On the surface, the problem seems easy, but it’s actually hard. 7. depth /depθ/n. 深（度）；纵深；深厚 *the depth of + 名词 the depth of the sea 海的深度； the depth of love 爱的深厚 Try to label the depths in the picture with the information on the left.（课本原句） The depth of this well is about 10 meters. *deep/diːp/，深的，a deep river “深河” 8. dive /daɪv/ v/ n.. 潜水；跳水；俯冲 *dive into sth.跳入某物；投入某事， *dive into the pool “跳入泳池”； *dive into work “投入工作” *a dive into the sea一次下海潜水； *a bird’s dive鸟的俯冲 He can dive into the water and stay under for two minutes. The diver made a beautiful dive from the high platform. *diver/ˈdaɪvə(r)/，潜水员；跳水运动员 9. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ v./ n.研究；调查 *research + 名词 / 从句 *research the problem “研究问题”； *research how to solve it “研究如何解决它” *do research做研究； *research on/into sth.关于某事的研究， The scientist is researching a new kind of medicine. We did a lot of research on animals for our science project. 10. vessel /ˈvesl/n. 大船；轮船 比 “ship” 更正式，也可指 “血管、容器”， * large vessel大型轮船； cargo vessel货轮 Which Chinese vessel dived deeper in the water than many others.（课本原句） A huge vessel passed by our city’s port yesterday. This vessel can carry over 1,000 passengers. 11. unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/adj. 特别的；不寻常的； （反义词：usual “平常的”，强调 “与常规不同”） *unusual weathe反常的天气 *unusual experience特别的经历； *something unusual不寻常的事情 Some animals have unusual abilities.（课本原句） It’s unusual to see snow in this city in April. She told us an unusual story about her trip to Africa. *unusually/ʌnˈjuːʒuəli/，adv不寻常地， unusually cold “异常冷” 12. bottom/ˈbɒtəm/n. 底部；最下部 *at the bottom of 在……的底部； *bottom up 倒置，颠倒 There is a cat at the bottom of the tree. 13. waterfall/ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/n. 瀑布 *a beautiful waterfall 一条美丽的瀑布 We saw a wonderful waterfall when we traveled there. We saw the Hukou Waterfull on the Yellow River (课本原句） 14. civilization/ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n. 文明（= civilisation） *ancient civilization 古代文明； *modern civilization 现代文明 Chinese civilization has a long history. *civilize v. 使文明；使开化）； *civilized adj. 文明的；有教养的。 Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop.（课本原句） 15. means/miːnz/n.（pl. means）方式；途径 We should protect them by all means.（课本原句） * by means of 通过；借助； *a means of ……的方式/途径 We can learn English by means of listening to English songs. 16. development/dɪˈveləpmənt/n. 发展；壮大 * the development of ……的发展； *with the development of 随着……的发展 With the development of science and technology, our life is becoming better. *develop v. 发展；发育；开发； *developing adj. 发展中的； developed adj. 发达的 17. desert/ˈdezət/n；/dɪˈzɜːt/ n. 沙漠；荒原 v“抛弃；遗弃”， *a vast desert 一片广阔的沙漠； *in the desert 在沙漠里 What's the biggest desert in China？（课本原句） It's very hot and dry in the desert. *deserted adj. 荒芜的；被遗弃的； 18. cubic/ˈkjuːbɪk/adj. 立方的 * cubic meter 立方米； *cubic centimeter 立方厘米 This box has a volume of 20 cubic meters. 这个箱子的体积是20立方米。 Seven hundred and sixty -eight cubic meters of water pours down Inga Falls each second.（课本原句） *cube n. 立方体；立方 19. mile/maɪl/n. 英里 * a mile away 一英里远； *miles and miles 绵延数英里 My home is two miles away from school. *mileage n. 英里数；里程 20. pool/puːl/n. 池塘；水坑；（也可表示“游泳池”） * a small pool 一个小池塘；swimming pool 游泳池 There is a pool in the garden. Later，we sat in a special pool at the top of the falls.（课本原句） 21. climber/ˈklaɪmə(r)/n. 攀登者；登山者 * a mountain climber 登山者 The climber reached the top of the mountain finally. * climb v. & n. 攀登；攀爬； * climbing n. 攀登；爬山运动 22. northern/ˈnɔːðən/adj. 北部的；向北的 * northern part 北部；northern city 北方城市 Harbin is a northern city in China. what climbers called the way up the northern side of the mountain(课本原句） * north n. 北；北方； adj. 北方的；adv. 向北； * northward adj. & adv. 向北的；向北地 23. distance/ˈdɪstəns/n. 距离；遥远 * in the distance 在远处； * distance from ……到……的距离 the distance between the Second Step and sea level(课本原句） I saw a ship in the distance. * distant adj. 遥远的；远处的 24. survive/səˈvaɪv/v. 生存，存活；艰难度过 * survive on 靠……生存； * survive from 从……存活下来 Some animals can survive on very little food. * survival n. 生存；存活；幸存； * survivor n. 幸存者；生还者。 25. condition/kənˈdɪʃn/n. 状态；境况； * in good condition 状态良好； * on condition that 只要；如果，在…… 条件下 That is only if they survive the terrible conditions first .（课本原句） The old house is in bad condition. I’ll help you on condition that you finish your homework first. The patient’s condition is getting better day by day. What are the conditions for joining this club? * conditional adj. 有条件的；假定的； * conditionall adv. 有条件地 13. degree /dɪˈɡriː//dɪˈɡriː/n. 度；度数 * 30 degrees Celsius 30 摄氏度； * a 90-degree angle 90 度角 * to some degre在某种程度上 * a high degree of difficult很高的难度 On the mountain ，temperatures can fall to-30 degrees.（课本原句） The highest temperature today will reach 35 degrees. To some degree, his success comes from hard work. 14. cliff /klɪf/n. 悬崖；峭壁 * steep cliff陡峭的悬崖；cliff edge悬崖边缘 There are many seabirds nesting on the cliff by the sea. Be careful! Don’t get too close to the cliff edge. 15. changeable /ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/adj. 可能变化的；易变的；常变的 * changeable weathe多变的天气； * changeable mood（多变的情绪） Climbers must also deal with thin air，high cliffs ，and changeable weather.（课本原句） The weather in spring is very changeable—sometimes it’s sunny, sometimes it rains. * change /tʃeɪndʒ/，v改变；变化， * change the plan “改变计划 The leaves change color in autumn. 16. death /deθ//deθ/n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 * cause death导致死亡， Smoking can cause death.“吸烟可能导致死亡。” The doctor tried his best to save the patient, but finally failed to stop his death. The death of the old tree made the children sad. * die/daɪ/，死亡；枯萎，Plants die without water. * dead/ded/，死亡的；无生命的，a dead bird “一只死鸟” 17. determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/adj. 有决心的；坚决的 * be determined to do sth.决心做某事， * determined look坚定的表情 Mountain climbers even called that way the “Dead Road”，but a Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb.（课本原句） She is determined to learn English well, so she practices every day. With a determined look, he said he would finish the task on time. * determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/，决定；决心， * determine to do sth.“决定做某事” He determined to start his own business. 他决定自己创业。 18. above /əˈbʌv/prep. 在（或向）…… 上面 （强调 “位置高于某物”，不接触）；超过（指数量、水平等） adv. 在（或向）上面；在（或向）高处；超过） * fly above在上方飞； * above all最重要的是，固定短语 It was 8.600 meters above sea level.（课本原句） There is a clock above the blackboard in our classroom. The number of students in this school is above 2,000. Above all, you must be honest with yourself. 最重要的是，你必须对自己诚实。 19. teammate /ˈtiːmmeɪt/（名词）n. 同队队员；队友 * basketball teamma篮球队友 My teammate passed the ball to me, and I scored a goal. We should support each other as teammates. 20. shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/n. 肩膀；肩部 * on one’s shoulder在某人肩上， * put a hand on his shoulder 把手放在他肩上 Liu allowed his teammates to step on his shoulders .（课本原句） She cried on her mother’s shoulder after failing the exam. As the team leader, he has to shoulder more responsibility. 21. bit by bit（副词短语） Bit by bit ,the climbers pulled themselves up ,and they made it past the Second Step.（课本原句） He learned to play the guitar bit by bit—he practiced 30 minutes every day. The snow melted bit by bit as the sun came out. 22. ladder /ˈlædə(r)/ n. 梯子；阶梯；途径 * climb a ladder爬梯子； * a ladder of success成功的阶梯 This term，they brought a ladder to the Second Step.（课本原句） He used a ladder to reach the books on the top shelf. Hard work is an important ladder to success. 23. measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/v. 测量；量度为；判定n. 措施；办法；度量单位 * measure sth.测量某物，measure the length “量长度”； * measure + 数字 量度为……， measure 5 meters “长 5 米” Could you help me measure this table? * take measures采取措施， take measures to protect the environment “采取措施保护环境” In 2020，a third team returned to Qomolangma to measure its height ---8.848.86 meters.（课本原句） The room measures 4 meters in length and 3 meters in width.（这个房间长 4 米，宽 3 米。）（v.） The government has taken new measures to reduce air pollution. 政府已采取新措施减少空气污染。（n.） * measurement/ˈmeʒəmənt/，n * the measurement of the room 24. successfully /səkˈsesfəli/adv. 成功地；顺利地 Some climbers reach the top successfully，but many fail.（课本原句） The team successfully won the championship after months of training. She successfully passed the English exam with a high score. * successful /səkˈsesfl/，成功的， * a successful project “成功的项目” * success/səkˈses/，成功；成功的人 / 事， * achieve success “获得成功” 25. risk /rɪsk/v. 使…… 冒风险（或面临危险）n. 危险；风险；隐患 * risk one’s life “冒生命危险”； * risk doing sth.冒险做某事， * risk going out alone “冒险独自外出” * take a risk冒险，= take risks； * the risk of sth.…… 的风险， Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world ？（课本原句） He risked his life to save the child from the burning house. There is a high risk of rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella. * risky/ˈrɪski/，有风险的，（30） risky activity有风险的活动， It’s risky to walk alone in this area at night. 26. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/n. 好奇心；求知欲； * out of curiosity出于好奇， * satisfy one’s curiosity满足某人的好奇心 Out of curiosity, she opened the old box to see what was inside. Reading books can satisfy your curiosity about the world.读书能满足你对世界的求知欲。 * curious/ˈkjʊəriəs/，好奇的，（48） * be curious about sth.对某事好奇， * be curious to do sth.好奇地想做某事 Little children are always curious about everything around them. I’m curious to know what he will give me as a birthday present. 27. ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/n. 追求的目标；雄心； * one’s ambition to do sth.某人做某事的志向， * achieve one’s ambition实现某人的抱负 It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped.（课本原句） Her ambition is to travel around the world and learn different cultures. * ambitious/æmˈbɪʃəs/，有雄心的；有野心的， an ambitious student 有抱负的学生 28. explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/n. 探险者；勘探者 * Arctic explorer北极探险者 * space explorer太空探索者 The famous explorer traveled to the Amazon rainforest to study rare plants. Many explorers lost their lives while looking for new lands in the past. * explore/ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/，探索；勘探， explore a new city “探索一座新城市” 29. simply /ˈsɪmpli/adv. 仅仅；只；简单地； * simply + 动词 * simply + 形容词 简直……， simply amazing “简直太棒了” I simply want to help you, not to blame you.（“仅仅”） This math problem is simply too hard for me to solve. You can simply mix the ingredients and then cook for 10 minutes. * simple（/ˈsɪmpl/，简单的；单纯的， a simple question 30. risky /ˈrɪski/adj. 有危险（或风险）的；（25） 31. southern /ˈsʌðən/adj. 南部的；向南的 * southern China中国南方 The weather in southern areas is usually warmer than that in northern areas. We plan to visit a small town in the southern part of France next summer. 32. located /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/adj. 位于；坐落在 * be located in/on/at位于……， 根据位置大小选择介词：in 接大地方，on 接相邻 / 接壤处，at 接小地点 Our school is located in the center of the city. The small village is located on the bank of the river. The museum is located at the end of this street. Location in Siberia ，Russia，Lake Baikal is one of the world's most famous lakes.（课本原句） * locate/ləʊˈkeɪt/，确定…… 的位置；位于， locate a city on the map 在地图上找到一座城市 33. freshwater /ˈfreʃwɔːtə(r)/ adj. 淡水的；淡水中生长的 * freshwater fish淡水鱼； * freshwater lake淡水湖 * drink freshwater喝淡水 * lack of freshwater缺乏淡水 It is the most wonderful freshwater lake in the world.（课本原句） This river is home to many kinds of freshwater animals. We need to carry enough freshwater when we go camping in the desert. 34. type /taɪp/n. 类型；种类； * different types of不同类型的， different types of books * a type of一种……， a type of flower “一种花” But over 1，200 different types of animals can still survive in this depth.（课本原句） What type of music do you like best? I prefer pop music. v. 打字；按类型分类 * type sth. type an email 写电子邮件 type a report打报告 She can type 80 words per minute—she’s very fast. （她每分钟能打 80 个字，速度很快。）（v.） 35. attract /əˈtrækt/v. 吸引；招引；引起（反应） * attract sb./sth.吸引某人 / 某物， * attract one’s attention引起某人的注意，固定短语 The beautiful scenery of the mountain attracts thousands of visitors every year. The colorful poster on the wall attracted the children’s attention. * attraction/əˈtrækʃn/，吸引力；景点， tourist attractions “旅游景点” * attractive/əˈtræktɪv/，有吸引力的；迷人的， an attractive girl “迷人的女孩” 36. curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的；（38） 37. traveller /ˈtrævələ(r)/ n. 旅行者；游客；出行者 * international traveller国际旅行者 * a group of travellers一群旅行者 The lake still attracts many curious travellers .（课本原句） The hotel provides free breakfast for all travellers. As a traveller, she has visited more than 20 countries. * travel/ˈtrævl/，v旅行；行进， travel around the world 环游世界 38. natural /ˈnætʃrəl/adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 * natural resources自然资源，natural beauty（自然美景） * natural talent天赋， a natural talent for music “音乐天赋” After all，it is a great natural environment.（课本原句） She has a natural ability to make people feel comfortable. * nature/ˈneɪtʃə(r)/，自然；天性， protect nature “保护自然”； human nature “人性” 39. underwater /ˌʌndəˈwɔːtə(r)/adj. 水下的；用于水下的adv. 在水下 * underwater world水下世界； * underwater camera水下相机 * swim underwater在水下游泳； * live underwater生活在水下 An Amazing Underground World(课本原句） The divers took many photos of the colorful underwater plants.潜水员拍了很多彩色水下植物的照片。（adj.） He can hold his breath and stay underwater for one minute.他能屏住呼吸在水下待一分钟。（adv.） 40. northeastern /ˌnɔːθˈiːstən/adj. 东北的；东北方向的 * northeastern China中国东北 * northeastern wind东北风 The northeastern part of our country has long and cold winters. A strong northeastern wind blew all night, making the temperature drop a lot. 强东北风刮了一整晚，导致气温大幅下降。 * northeast/ˌnɔːθˈiːst/，东北；东北部， the northeast of China “中国东北部” 41. coast /kəʊst/ * along the coast沿着海岸， drive along the coast “沿海岸行驶” * east coast东海岸；west coas西海岸 Located on the northeastern coast of Australia ，the Great Barrier reef is one of the most amazing places to visit .（课本原句） We spent our summer holiday in a small town on the coast.我们在海边的一个小镇过了暑假。 Many seabirds build their nests along the southern coast of the country.（许多海鸟在该国南部海岸筑巢。） 42. coral /ˈkɒrəl//ˈkɒrəl/（英式）；/ˈkɔːrəl/（美式） n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫 * coral reef珊瑚礁， * coral necklace珊瑚项链； * coral dress珊瑚色连衣裙 Coral reefs are home to thousands of marine animals. She bought a beautiful coral skirt for her daughter’s birthday. 43. reef /riːf//riːf/n. 礁；礁脉 * coral reef珊瑚礁，最常用搭配 * rocky reef岩石礁 It is the biggest coral reef in the world.（课本原句） Divers love to explore the coral reef because of its rich marine life. Ships need to be careful to avoid hitting the reef in this area. 44. include /ɪnˈkluːd/v. 包含；包括 * include sth.包括某物， The price includes breakfast.“这个价格包含早餐。” * including介词，“包括…… 在内”， Everyone is here, including Tom.“ The tour includes a visit to the museum and a boat trip on the river这次旅行包括参观博物馆和江上泛舟。 There are 50 students in our class, including 26 girls. 45. sand /sænd//sænd/n. 沙子；沙滩 表 “沙滩” 时常用 “the sand” * play in the sand在沙子里玩； * walk on the sand在沙滩上走；sand dune沙丘 It takes up an area of 345，000 square kilometers and includes over 900 island and white sand beaches.（课本原句） The children built a castle with sand on the beach. My dad spent an hour sanding the old chair before painting it. 爸爸在给旧椅子刷漆前，花了一小时用砂纸打磨它。（v.） 46. alive /əˈlaɪv//əˈlaɪv/adj. 活着；在世；有活力 * be alive活着， Is the fish still alive?“这条鱼还活着吗？” The Great Barrier Reef is also alive.（课本原句） * keep alive使存活；保持活力， * keep the tradition alive “让传统延续” * people alive活着的人，后置定语，不能说 “alive people” We were so happy to find that the little cat was still alive after the fire. * alive表语 / 后置定语，“活着的”，the man alive “ * live“活的；直播的”，仅作前置定语， a live fish “活鱼”；a live show “直播节目” 47. structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构（体）；构造； * the structure of sth.某物的结构， the structure of a building “建筑结构”； the structure of a sentence “句子结构” If you visit it，you will see the largest living structure on earth.（课本原句） The structure of this bridge is very strong—it can stand heavy rain and strong wind. 48. snorkel /ˈsnɔːkl/v. 使用呼吸管潜泳 * snorkel in the sea在海里浮潜 * wear a snorkel戴呼吸管 Here，you can swim，dive ，or snorkel in the clear water and see coral ，plants ，and schools of colourful fish .（课本原句） We plan to snorkel near the coral reef to see colorful fish.（v.） Don’t forget to bring your snorkel and mask when we go to the beach.（n.） * snorkeler/ˈsnɔːklə(r)/，浮潜者 49. school /skuːl/n. （鱼、鲸、海豚等的）群；学校 表 “鱼群” * a school of fish一群鱼； * a school of dolphins一群海豚 We saw a large school of colorful fish while snorkeling. My little sister goes to a primary school near our home. 50. turtle /ˈtɜːtl/n. 海龟；龟 * sea turtle海龟 turtle shell（龟壳） Sea turtles lay their eggs on the beach at night. The little boy found a small turtle in the river and set it free. 51. lifetime /ˈlaɪftaɪm/n. 一生；终身； * in one’s lifetime在某人的一生中，如 in my grandfather’s lifetime “在我爷爷的一生中” * a lifetime of sth.一生的……， a lifetime of hard work “一生的辛勤工作” For people who love the ocean ，visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of a lifetime！（课本原句） He traveled to more than 50 countries in his lifetime. Learning is a lifetime journey—we should never stop studying. 65. Nile River 尼罗河 66. Angel Falls 天使瀑布 67. Mount Qomolangma /ˌtʃəʊməʊ lɑːŋmə/ 珠穆朗玛峰 68. Dead Sea 死海 69. Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠 70. Mariana Trench 马里亚纳海沟 71. Titanic 泰坦尼克号 72. Yangtze River 长江 73. Egypt 埃及 74. Taklimakan Desert 塔克拉玛干沙漠 75. Mount Kilimanjaro /ˌkɪlɪmən dʒəˈrəʊ/ 乞力马扎罗山 76. Inga Falls 印加瀑布 77. East African Rift Valley 东非大裂谷 78. Victoria Falls 维多利亚瀑布 79. George Mallory 乔治·马洛里 80. Siberia /saɪˈbɪəriə/ 西伯利亚 81. Lake Baikal /ˈbaɪkæl/ 贝加尔湖 82. Belgium /ˈbeldʒəm/ 比利时 83. Great Barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/ Reef 大堡礁 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $