内容正文:
主谓一致
考点梳理
考点一
语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常要在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式(可数名词单数、不可数名词)时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式(可数名词复数)时,谓语动词用复数形式。
用法 例句
不定代词one、each、every、either、neither等以及由some-、any-、no-、every-等构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 Each of us has an English book.我们每个人都有一本英语书。
Is everybody ready?每个人都准备好了吗?
动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 Doing exercise is good for your health.锻炼有益健康。
用法 例句
由and或both...and...连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 Both he and I are right.我和他都是对的。
主语后有with、together with、along with、except、but、as well as、including、like等词时,谓语动词与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 The teacher with his students is visiting the museum.老师和他的学生们正在参观博物馆。
续表
用法 例句
“分数或百分数+of+名词”以及“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/most of/half of/the rest of/(a) part of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词形式要由of后面的名词而定 Three fourths of the students exercise often.四分之三的学生经常锻炼。
Lots of damage is caused by fire.很多损失是由火灾造成的。
用法 例句
“a number of+名词复数”表示“许多……”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”表示“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 A number of players are from America.很多队员来自美国。
The number of the boys in our class is 28.我们班男生的人数是28。
【效果评估】
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.[2025·甘肃白银]We all (love) our country very much!
2.A lot of useful advice on self-protection ______________ (offer) in yesterday’s activity.
3.Eating too much sugar (increase) the risk of heart disease.
increases
was offered
love
4.Lily together with her sisters often (go) to the cinema at weekends.
5.Both Lily and Lucy (visit) the Lanzhou Science and Technology Museum twice.
6. (pet) need a lot of care and attention.Think twice before keeping them.
Pets
have visited
goes
考点二
意义一致原则
用法 例句
and连接两个并列的主语在意义上指同一概念、事物或人时,谓语动词用单数形式 The poet and writer has produced many works.这个诗人兼作家创作了很多作品。
表时间、距离、长度、价格、度量的词或短语作主语时常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式 Fifty dollars is enough.50美元足够了。
用法 例句
以-s结尾的本身不表示复数意义的名词(如physics、news、maths等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 Physics is a bit difficult for me.物理对我来说有点难。
有些集体名词形式上虽为单数,但意义上为复数(如people、police等),作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 The police are looking for the lost boy.警察正在找那个丢失的男孩。
用法 例句
the+形容词,表示“具有某种特征的一类人”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。the+姓氏名词复数,表示“……一家”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 The young welcome new things.年轻人欢迎新事物。
The Greens are swimming.格林一家正在游泳。
用法 例句
有些集体名词(如family、class、team等)作主语时,若看作整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;若强调其中的每个成员,谓语动词用复数形式 Mr.Smith’s family is a big one.史密斯先生家是一个大家庭。
Mr.Smith’s family are watching TV.史密斯一家人正在看电视。
用法 例句
all、most、more、some、any、none等不定代词作主语时,若指代可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;若指代可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式(none作主语时,若指代可数名词复数,谓语动词用单复数形式皆可) Now all has been changed.现在一切都变了。
All are present.所有的人都在这里。
【效果评估】
根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词
1.我的家人习惯购物时携带布袋而不是塑料袋。
My family using cloth bags instead of plastic ones when shopping.
2.老年人有更多的生活经验,我们可以从中学习。
The old life experience that we can learn from.
have more
get/are used to
3.她胜利的消息传开了,同学们都为她高兴。
The of her victory ,and all her classmates feel happy for her.
spreads
news
考点三
就近原则
用法 例句
连词or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...等连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致 What he does or what he says doesn’t concern me.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。
用法 例句
当There be和Here be句型中的主语是两个或两个以上的并列名词时,谓语动词与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致 There is a book and two cups on the table.桌上有一本书和两个杯子。
【效果评估】
一、单项填空
1.[2025·吉林长春]There some flowers in my room.I often water them.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
B
二、用be动词的适当形式填空
2.Neither Lily nor her parents outdoors when the rainstorm came.
3.Don’t worry.There lots of time left to complete this task.
4.Guizhou is located in the southwest of China.Here
plenty of places of interest and special local culture.
are
is
were
强化练习
一、根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,满分8分)
1.Watching TV too much (be) bad for your eyes.
2.Both Jane and Lily (be) doctors.
3.The young (like) listening to pop songs.
4.Now Tom with his classmates (play) football on the playground.
is playing
like
are
is
5.The classroom is a place for learning and that________ (include) learning from textbooks,and mistakes as well.
6.[2025·四川达州]He always (spend) time with his family on weekends.
7.[2025·云南]Nowadays,thousands of foreign__________ (visit) come to China on vacation.
visitors
spends
includes
8.Not only my parents but my little sister _____________
(prepare) for the birthday party when I got home.
was preparing
二、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词(每小题2分,满分16分)
1.这个作家兼演说家现在正在她的家乡做关于中国文化的演讲。
The writer and speaker a speech on Chinese culture in her hometown now.
is giving/making
2.不管生活有多艰难,海伦从未放弃希望。
However hard the life is,Helen never_________ _______ her hope.
3.[2025·甘肃白银]新年是亲朋团聚的好时光。
New Year is a wonderful time when family and friends
.
come/get/are together
gives up
4.越来越多的人正在使用 AI 来帮助他们工作。
More and more people AI to help them with their work.
5.“林业英雄”郭万刚在过去的四十多年里在腾格里沙漠上建起了一道绿色屏障。
Guo Wangang,the forestry hero, a green belt in the Tengger Desert for more than 40 years.
has built
are using
6.团队合作在实现我们的目标中发挥着重要作用。
Teamwork an important in achieving our goals.
7.相声中有说学逗唱四种艺术手段。
four key skills of xiangsheng—shuo,xue,dou and chang.
There are
role/part
plays
8.“一带一路”倡议源于中国,但它属于整个世界。
The Belt and Road Initiative is from China but_________
the whole world.
belongs to
三、按要求完成句子,每空一词(每小题2分,满分8分)
1.I am not good at playing badminton.Gary isn’t either.(合并为一句)
Gary I good at playing badminton.
am
nor
Neither
2.Not only I but also my parents are crazy about the competition.(改为同义句)
My parents I crazy about the competition.
3.Many students are interested in that teacher’s colorful class.(改为同义句)
That teacher’s colorful class many students’ .
attention
catches/draws
are
as well as
4.How many students are there in your class?(改为同义句)
the of the students in your class?
number
What’s
$