内容正文:
情 态 动 词
Unit 8 People and Events
If I have seen further,it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.
如果我比别人看得更远,那是因为我站在巨人的肩膀上。
Learning Aims
1.通过阅读课文,找出句子中的情态动词,培养学生阅读理解能力。
2.通过分析找出的情态动词,总结出常见的情态动词基本含义及用法,培养学生逻辑思维和归纳总结能力。
3.通过背诵情态动词基本含义及用法,能够在具体情境中灵活运用情态动词进行表达和交流,了解不同国家使用情态动词表达情绪的文化习惯,培养学生跨文化交际能力。
What is the Modal Verbs?
常见的情态动词:can、could、may、might、must、should、have to
否定形式:can not=can’t、should not=shouldn’t、must not=mustn’t
注意:先个人思考,再以小组为单位谈论、总结。
Learn by yourself 1
Learn by yourself 2
画出下列句子中的情态动词
1.I believe you can finish the task on schedule.
2.Could you please help me with this.
3.You might be right.
4.We mustn’t waste any time.
5.We should learn from the best.
小组合作
请以小组为单位,结合下列表格探究情态动词的用法。
情态动词 基本用法 例句
can 1.表示能力,意思是“能”“会”
2.表示主观推测或可能性,意思是“可能是”“有时会”
3.表示请求许可或给予许可,意思是“可否”或“可以” 1.I can do it.
我能做到。
2.It can be true.
这可能是真的。
3.You can have a rest.
你可以休息一下。
could 1.作为can的过去式,表示过去的能力
2.作为can的过去式,表示过去的可能性
3.用于现在时,代替can表示请求许可,语气比can委婉 1.He couldn’t answer the teacher’s question yesterday.他昨天没能回答老师的问题。
2.He could be careless in the past,but not now.
他过去有时会粗心,但现在不会了。
3.Could you show me the way?
您可以给我指一下路?
may 1.表示请求许可或给予许可,意思是“可否”或“可以”,语气比can正式
2.表示主观推测或可能性,意思是“或许是”,比can所表示的确定性小且不用于疑问句 1.May I come in?
我可以进来吗?
2.That girl over there may be Ella.
那边那个女孩或许是Ella。
might 1.用于现在时,代替may表示请求许可,语气比may委婉
2.用于现在时,代替may表示主观推测或可能性,比may所表达的确定性小
3.作为may的过去式,表示过去的可能性 1.Might I use your pen?
可否用一下你的笔?
2.He might not believe you.他或许不会相信你。
3.He said he might come to the meeting,but he wasn’t sure.
他说他可能来参会,但他不确定。
must 1.表示确定的推测,意思是“一定”“肯定”,只用于肯定句(否定推测用can’t)
2.表示命令或要求,意思是“必须” 1.You haven’t eaten anything today. You must be hungry.
你今天什么都没吃,一定饿了。
2.You must come tomorrow.你明天必须来。
should 1.表示义务或建议,意思是“应该”“应当”
2.表示按常理推测可能发生的情况,意思是“应该是”“应当会” 1.The police should stop them.
警方应当阻止他们。
2.They should be here soon.他们应该很快就到了。
have to 表示“不得不”,比must更强调因客观条件制约而必须这样做 Mary has to work hard to keep her job.玛丽不得不努力工作以保住饭碗。
注意:have to有人称、数、时态的形式变化,且需要用助动词构成否定和疑问句,故常被称为“半情态动词”。
情态动词 词义 否定形式 词义
can /could 能够,可能 cann't /couldn't 不能,不可能
may / might 可以,或许 mayn't / mightn't 可能不
must 必须 mustn’t 禁止,不允许
have to 不得不 don’t have to 不必
shall 将,要 shan't 将不
should/ought to 应该 shouldn’t/oughtn't to 不应该
will/would 将;将/愿意 won't/wouldn’t 将不;将不/不愿
need 需要 needn't 不必
dare 敢 daren't 不敢
1.Can -过去式 could (can’t 不可能;不能\不会)
1)表能力, “能” ;
2)表推测, “可能”;
3)表请求许可, “可以”。
疑问句中could语气比can委婉,此时could没有过去式的意思,回答时用can /can’t.
Mary likes music. She can sing and dance.
It can be true.
Can you help me?
精讲点拨
2.May - 过去式might
1)表示请求许可, “可以” 。= Can / could
疑问句的否定回答 “mustn’t/can’t.”
2)表推测或可能性,“或许是”。比can可能性小
might比may可能性还小,且may,might表推测不用于疑问句。
3) e.g. May our friendship last forever.
表示祝愿
--May I smoke here?
--No, you mustn’t.
3.Must --mustn’t 禁止,不许
1)表命令或要求,“必须”。
must的引导的疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to
2)表确定的推测,“肯定,一定”。
--Must I finish the task today?
--No, you needn’t.
当堂检测
1.Cars,buses and bikes stop when the traffic lights change to red.
A.can B.may
C.must D.need
2.—Mr. Li,may I go home now?
—No,you .You should sweep the floor first.
A.can't B.must
C.needn't D.can
C.Need D.Will
3.Mary be at home. I saw her in the library just now.
A.mustn't B. needn't
C.shouldn't D.can't
4.—What a nice day! we go surfing?
—Good idea.
A. Shall B.Must
5.We keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves.
A.may B. should
C.can D.need
6.— you like some more tea,sir?
—No,thanks.
A. Would B.May
C.Must D. Shall
7.Please don’t make so much noise. I hear the speaker very well.
A.can’t B.needn’t
C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
8.According to the traffic rules in our country,you wear your seat belt when driving.
A.may B.can
C.would D.should
9.—Must I finish the task today?
—No,you . You can do it tomorrow.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t
10.—Is that girl in red Lucy?
—No,she be Lucy. She has gone to Hainan with her grandparents.
A.canB.must
C.mustn’tD.can’t
11.—Must I get ready at seven o’clock tomorrow?
—No,you .
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.do notD.don’t have
12.—Let’s go there by taxi.
—It’s not far. We take a taxi.
A.needn’tB.can’t
C.mustn’tD.couldn’t
13.—Whose volleyball is this?
—It be Bob’s. He never plays volleyball. He dislikes it.
A.can’tB.may not
C.mustD.can
14.—Could you give me a few minutes?
— I have to leave immediately.
A.Yes,I could.B.Yes,I can.
C.Sorry,I can’t.D.Sorry,I couldn’t.
15.You play in the street. It’s too dangerous.
A.needB.needn’tC.mustD.mustn’t
Thanks for attention!
Modal Verbs
If I have seen further,it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.
如果我比别人看得更远,那是因为我站在巨人的肩膀上。
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