专题02 语法知识串讲2（状语从句、定语从句）（期末复习讲义）九年级英语上学期译林版

该初中英语期末复习讲义通过表格归纳与分层知识点系统构建语法体系，梳理状语从句（时间、条件、让步等）和定语从句核心内容，以对比解析（如when/while/as用法区别）和情境例句呈现知识内在联系，突出时态一致、关系词选择等重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于分层进阶练习设计，基础通关（如单选考查unless用法）夯实基础，重难突破（短文填空）提升综合语言运用能力，易混易错（句型转换题）通过so that从句与不定式转换培养思维品质。结合情境化命题趋势，助力不同层次学生提升，支持自主复习与教师精准教学。

专题02 语法知识串讲2（状语从句、定语从句）（期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 状语从句 定语从句 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 （1）时间状语从句表示时间，常用when；while；as；before；after；since；till/until；as soon as等连词来引导。时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时，只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 知识点01 由when(在……的时候；当……的时候)引导的时间状语从句，可表示“时间点”或“时间段”，从句谓语可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词。when可以指主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时或先后发生。 1. I got home, he was having supper. 当我回到家的时候，他正在吃饭。 2. he reached home, he had a little rest. 回到家以后，他休息了一会儿。 3. she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。 知识点02 由while(当……的时候) 引导的时间状语从句，只可表示“时间段”，从句谓语只限于延续性动词。while强调主句谓语动词表示的动作持续于while从句所指的整个时间内； 1.Please listen to me carefully I read. 我读的时候请认真听。 2.I can listen to the radio I work. 我可以边听收音机边工作。 3. I was sleeping, my father came in. 我睡觉时，我的父亲进来了。 4.Father was cleaning the car I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电脑游戏时，爸爸在清洗汽车。 知识点03 由as (当……的时候)引导的时间状语从句，表示的是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是，as 从句一般不用正在进行时，而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“一边……一边……；与……同时”。as 表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，as 只是一个次要的时间说明，不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此，as也常翻译成“随着……”之意。as从句是终止性动词时，主句通常也必须是终止性动词。 1.The little girls sang they went. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。 2.The students took notes they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。 3. we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候，他越来越兴奋。 4. years go by, China is getting stronger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。 知识点04 由before(在……之前)和after(在……之后)引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时，则从句动词多用一般过去时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。 1.Einstein almost knocked me down he saw me. 爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 2.My father had left for Canada just the letter arrived. 我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。 3. we had finished the work, we went home. 完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时） 4.I will go out to play basketball with you I finish my homework. 我做完功课后就和你一起出去打篮球。 知识点05 由since(自从……以来)引导的时间状语从句。它的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is+时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。 1.I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 2.We have made many dumplings we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭，我们已经包了许多饺子了。 3.It is four years my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 4.It is five months our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 5. three years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面，已经三年了。 知识点06 由until/till(直到……为止；直到……才)引导的时间状语从句。一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。需要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式，表示“直到……才”的意思，主句谓语动词一般用终止性动词，这时，till和until可用before替换；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同，until和till在肯定句中意为“直到……为止”。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。 1.I worked until he back. 我工作到他回来为止。 2.I work he came back. 他回来我这才开始工作。 3.We start Bob comes. 直到鲍勃来我们才会开始。 4.He go to bed he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续) 知识点07 由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。表示“一……就……”，强调动作紧密相连。 1.We began t work we got there. 我们一到那儿，就马上开始工作。 2. I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。 知识点08 时间状语从句的时态： 一般来说时间状语从句的主句与从句的时态前后要一致。如果时间状语从句主句谓语动词用一般将来时，从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。 1.I will call you as soon as I there. 我一到达那儿就给你打电话。 2.Mozart started writing music when he four years old. (当)莫扎特四岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。 知识点09 when引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别： when引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……时候”；引导宾语从句时，意为“什么时候”。 1.He asked we will hold the sports meeting. 他问我们什么时候开运动会。 2. the weather is fine, many families go out for a walk. 天气好时，很多家庭都出去散步。 3.---- Do you know he will come back tomorrow? 你知道明天他什么时候回来吗？ ---- Sorry, I don’t. he comes back, I’ll tell you. 对不起我不知道，当他回来的时候，我就告诉你。 知识点10 when，while和as的区别和联系：都可表示“当……的时候”，但用法有区别： ① when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。 1.When she in, I stopped eating. 她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词) 2.When I in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. 当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词） 3.We were about to leave when he in. 我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。 ② while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。 1.While my wife the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当我妻子在看报纸的时候，我在看电视。（was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生） 2.I like playing football while you basketball. 我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比） ③ as表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后”。 1.We always sing we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”） 2. we was going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间） 2. 原因状语从句 知识点01 原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的。是由because(因为)；since(因为；由于)；as(因为)；for(因为)；now that(既然；由于)等从属连词引导的状语从句。 1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。 2.---- Why can’t I go? 为什么我不能去？---- you’re too young. 因为你年纪太小了。 3. everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了，让我们开始开会吧. 4. you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好，你就不该熬夜. 5. you are not feeling well, you’d better stay at home. 既然你不太舒服，还是留在家里的好。 6. everybody has come, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了，让我们开始我们的会议。 知识点02 as, because, since和for的区别： ①because(因为)如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。对于以why开头的问句，一般只能用because引导的从句来回答。 I missed the train I got up late. 我错过了火车因为我起晚了。 ②since(因为；由于；既然)和as(因为)，如果原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其余部分重要，就用as或since，since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。 1. this method doesn’t work, let’s try another. 既然这种方法不行，我们试试另一个。 2. he was not well, I decided to go there without him. 因为他身体不好，我决定独自去了。 ③for(因为)表示所说的理由是一种补充说明，因此，for引导的从句可以放在括号里，而且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。 I decided to stop and have lunch, I was feeling quite hungry. 我决定停下来吃午饭，因为我觉得非常饿。 3.条件状语从句 知识点01 条件状语从句是由if(如果)；unless=if not(除非；如果不)；as/so long as(只要)等从属连词引导的状语从句。可分为真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件状语从句，在初中阶段只学习真实条件状语从句。 1.Please call me if he at home. 假如他在家的话，请给我打电话。 2.As long as I alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着, 我就要学习。 3.Let’s go out for a walk unless you too tired. 我们出去散步，除非你太累了。 4.If you not too tied, let’s go out for a walk. 如果你不太累，让我们出去散散步。 知识点02 条件状语从句的时态：一般来说条件状语从句的主句与从句的时态要前后一致。但条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样，如果主句谓语动词用一般将来时，从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。 1.I won’t go there with you if it tomorrow. 如果明天下雨的话，我就不和你一起去那儿了。 2.You will fail you study hard. = You will fail if you don’t study hard. 除非你努力学习，否则你会考不及格的。 知识点03 条件状语从句主从句的位置： 大多数情况下，从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后。如从句在前时，主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。 Please tell me if he back. = If he comes back, please tell me. 如果他回来了，请告诉我一声。 知识点04 条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴，有时它可以替代从句和主句，它就是“祈使句+and / or+简单句”。其中and表示句意顺承；or则表示转折，意为“否则”。它们可以和if引导的条件状语从句互换。 1.If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.=Hurry up, you’ll miss the train. 如果你不快点儿，你就赶不上火车了。 2.If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam.=Work harder, you’ll pass the exam. 如果你再努力些，你就会通过考试。 知识点05 if引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别： if既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导状语从句。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，意为“是否”，遵循宾语从句的时态规则；充当从属连词，引导条件状语从句时，意为“如果”，若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。 ① We will go out if it fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好，我们就出去。 ② I don’t know if the train arrived. 我不知道火车是否到了。 句①中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，整个句子的意思是“如果明天天气好，我们就出去”。句②中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语，整个句子意思是“我不知道火车是否到了”。 4. 目的状语从句 知识点01 目的状语从句表示目的。是由so that(“以便，为了，目的是”从句谓语常有情态动词)；in order that(为了；以便)；in case(以防；以免；万一)等从属连词引导的状语从句。 1.You must speak louder you can be heard by all. 你必须说大声点，以便大家都能听到。 2.She bought a digital camera online she saved a lot of time. 她在网上买了个相机让她节省了很多时间。 3.We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。 =We used the computer save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。 4.I will take some money I will use it. 我会带一些钱去以防我要用 5.He left early he should miss the train. 他早早地离开，以防错过火车。 知识点02 so that 引导的目的状语从句可转换成动词不定式短语。 She hurried to school so that she might not be late. 她急急忙忙去上学，为了不迟到。 →She hurried to school be late. 她急急忙忙去上学，为了不迟到。 5. 让步状语从句 知识点01 是由though/although（虽然，尽管）；even if/though（虽然，尽管，即使）；whoever=no matter who（无论谁）；however=no matter how（无论怎样）；whatever=no matter what（无论什么）；whenever=no matter when（无论何时）；wherever=no matter where（无论何地）；whichever=no matter which（无论哪一个）；as(“虽然”用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)；while (“虽然；然而”一般用在句首)等从属连词引导的状语从句。 1.He won’t listen you may say. 无论你说什么他都不听。 2.Child he is, he knows a lot of things. 他虽然是个孩子，却知道很多事情。 3.He went on working it was very late. 虽然很晚了，他还在继续工作。 4. he tried hard, he was not successful. 他虽然努力尝试，但没有成功。 5. hard the work was, he never gave it up. 不管工作多么艰难，他都从不放弃。 6.The old man always enjoys swimming the weather is rough. 即使天气很恶劣，那个老人总是喜欢游泳。 知识点02 though, although 和 but不能同时使用。但是 though, although 和yet (still)可连用。 1. he is rich, yet he is not happy. 虽然他很富有，然而他并不快乐。 2.It’s not cheap, but it’s very good.= it’s not cheap, it’s very good. 这东西不便宜但是质量很好。 3. we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 尽管我们已长大，可我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩。 6. 结果状语从句 一． 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。是由so...that(如此……以至于……)；such...that(如此……以至于……)等从属连词引导的状语从句。常用的句式主要有： 知识点01 …+so+形容词/副词＋that从句。 1.He spoke I couldn’t follow him. 他说得太快，我跟不上他。 2.The suit cost he didn’t buy it. 那套衣服太贵，他没有买。 3，His shoes were he must brush them. 他的鞋子这么脏，他必须把它们洗一下。 知识点02 …+such+a/an+形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句。 1.It is nobody can move it. 这个盒子太重了没有人能够搬动它。 2.It’s everybody likes reading it. 这是一个如此有趣的故事，大家都喜欢读它。 知识点03 …+such+形容词＋复数可数名词/不可数名词＋that从句。在“形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”结构中，当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时，名词前用so（构成：“so+many/few+复数可数名词+that从句”或“so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句”）。 1.It is we have to stay at home. 天气是如此恶劣，我们不得不呆在家里。 2.He told us we all laughed. 他对我们讲了那么些有趣的故事，我们全都哈哈大笑。 3.She made she didn’t pass the exam. 她犯的错误太多了，以致于她没有通过考试。 4.He has he can’t come this evening. 他有那么多的工作要做，以致他今晚不能来了。 知识点04 …+so+形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋that从句。 Tom is so clever a boy that he can answer the question. 汤姆很聪明，他能回答这个问题。 二．so… that引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句：以“so...that”引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句，即可转换为“...enough to...”或“...too...to”句型，但这种转换必须符合下列条件： 知识点01 当主句和从句的主语一致，且that从句是肯定句时，可用“enough to do sth.”来转换。 1.The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. 这个男人如此的强壮，以致于他能举起这只沉重箱子。 →The man is to lift the heavy box. 这个男人如此的强壮，以致于他能举起这只沉重箱子。 2.He was so clever that he can understand what I said. 他是如此的聪明，他能理解我所说的话。 →He was to understand what I said. 他是如此的聪明，他能理解我所说的话。 知识点02 当主句和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是肯定句时，可以用“enough for sb. to do sth.”来替换，但须注意不定式的宾语要省略。 1.The box is so light that he can carry it. =The box is for him to carry. 这个箱子如此轻以至于我可以搬动它。 2.The question is so easy that I can work it out.=The question is for me to work out. 这个问题很容易，我们能算出。 知识点03 当主句和从句的主语一致，且that从句是否定句时，可以用“too...to…”来替换。 1.I was so tired that I couldn’t go on with the work.=I was go on with the work. 我太累了，不能继续工作了。 2.The girl is so young that she can’t dress herself.=The girl is dress herself. 这个女孩太小了，还不能自己穿衣服。 知识点04 当主句和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是否定时，如果要用“too...to...”替换“so...that...”，则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，可以用“too...for sb. to do sth.”来替换，注意不定式的宾语要省略。 1.It is so hot that we can’t sleep.=It is sleep. 天气这么热，我们睡不着。 2.The bag is so heavy that she can’t move it.=The bag is move. 这个袋子太重了，她搬不动它。 三.使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题 （1）主句与从句时态一致的问题：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列几种情况： 知识点01 主将从现。即状语从句的时态受到主句时态的影响。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时，从句通常不用将来时态，而用一般现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。 1.If he , please tell me. 如果他来，请告诉我。 2. when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 3.The traffic must stop when the lights . 当红灯亮时，车辆必须停下来。 4.I will visit my good friend when I time. 当我有时间时，我将去看望我的好友。 5.If she here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她来这里，我将和她一起去公园。 知识点02 since 引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句为现在完成时。 He several friends since he came here two years ago. 自从他两年前来到这里，他已经交了好几个好朋友了。 知识点03 when 引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时态，从句用一般过去时态。 He TV when I in. 当我进来时，他正在看电视。 知识点04 过去时态：若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。 Mother when I home yesterday. 昨天我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。 知识点05 宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。 1.I don’t know if (是否) he will come. If (如果) he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否要来。如果他来，我将告诉他这起事故。 2.I don’t know when (什么时候) he will come tomorrow. When (当……的时候) he comes, I will tell him about the news. 我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 定语从句 知识点01 定语从句的定义： 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 知识点02 定语从句的先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间状语，地点状语，原因状语。 知识点03 定语从句的关系词： 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1. 引导定语从句。2. 代替先行词。3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。 知识点04 定语从句的结构： 先行词+关系词+定语从句。 知识点05 关系代词引导的定语从句 （1）who指人，在从句中做主语。 The woman visited our factory yesterday is an Australian friend. 昨天参观我们工厂的女士是一位澳大利亚朋友。 （2）whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 【注意】关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 1.This is the student I met yesterday. 这是我昨天见到的那个学生。 2.Who’s that man ( ) you just talked to? 刚才与你谈话的那个男人是谁？ 3.The man you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚遇见的那个人是我的朋友。 （3）which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 1.The shoe shop is a shop sells shoes. 鞋店是销售鞋的商店。 2.The book ( ) I read last night was wonderful. 我昨晚看的那本书很精彩。 （4）that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 1.She is one of the students works very hard. 她是最用功的学生中的一个。 2.A library is a place people like very much. 图书馆是一个人们非常喜欢的地方。 （5）whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 【注意】whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替。 1.This is our classmate, Mary, home is not far from our school. 这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。 2.He has a friend father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸是医生的朋友。 3.I once lived in a house roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在一幢屋顶已倒塌的房子。 4.Do you like the book cover is yellow? 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书？ =Do you like the book the cover is yellow? 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书？ 5.The classroom door is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏了的那个教室将很快修复。 =The classroom the door is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏了的那个教室将很快修复。 （6）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句：关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导。 ① 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等。 ② 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能 用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 1.This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) // This is the watch for which I am looking. (F) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) // The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) // The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 知识点06 限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况 ① 先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等。 ② 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 ③ 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时。 ④ 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。 ⑤ 当主句是以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句用that 引导。 ⑥ 先行词既有人又有物时。 ⑦ time作先行词，前面如果有序数词或 last 修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或 last 修饰时，既可用 when 也可用that来引导。 1.All he said is true. 他所说的都是真的。 2.All ( ) you have to do is to practice every day. 你要做的就是每天都要练习。 3.The first lesson ( ) I learned will never be forgotten. 我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。 4.This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。 5.I have read all the books ( ) you gave me. 我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。 6.The white flower is the only one I really like. 这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。 7.This is the very book I want to read. 这就是我要看的那本书。 8.This is the same skirt I want to buy. (同一条裙子) 这就是我想买的那条裙子。 9.This is the only book ( ) I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的唯一的一本书。 10.Who is the man is standing there? 站在那儿的那个人是谁？ 11.Which of us knows something about physics doesn't know this? 在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个？ 12.We talked about the persons and things we could remember. 我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。 13.This is the last time ( ) I shall give you a lesson. 这是我最后一次给你们上课了。 14.The first time ( ) I saw him was in 2002. 我第一次见到他是在2002年。 15.There isn’t much ( ) I can do. 我能做的不多。 知识点07 下列情况只能用 which： ①关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词＋which”结构。②引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。 1.This novel, I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍了。 2.This is the book you ask. 这是你要的那本书。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1．—You’ll fail again ________ you try your best. —Believe in us. We’ll practise hard this time to win the game. A．if B．because C．after D．unless 2．_______ you try doing something beyond what you have already mastered, you will never grow. A．Whatever B．if C．Although D．Unless 3．The word “as” in the sentence “As he likes the sounds of nature, Tan uses them a lot in his music.” is used to ________. A．show cause B．show purpose C．show result D．show time 4．—Could you give us some more safety tips, Mr. Smith? —OK. As a student, you’d better not go out alone at night ________ you have to. A．if B．when C．because D．unless 5．My grandpa often tells me we must work hard to get more knowledge ________ we are young. A．after B．while C．before D．until 6．My father was so angry at ______ I was doing ______ he walked out without a word. A．what; what      B．what; that      C．that; that      D．that; what 7．—Do you hear that an earthworm was found at Yuanjiyunjiao in Beijing the other day? —Of course. ________ the bowl of noodles cost only 14 yuan, the news brought food safety to the attention of more people. A．Since B．Until C．Although D．Unless 8．Tan Dun is ________ excellent composer ________ he can make music without boundaries. A．such a; that B．such an; that C．so; that D．so; since 9．—Our English teacher often tells us that success needs lots of ________. —Yes. We must study hard ________ we can achieve our goals. A． efforts; in order to B．charm; in order that C．efforts; so that D．charm; so as to 10．—Do you often watch the programme “Singer 2024”? —Yes. It is ________ a successful programme that it attracts ________ many people. A．very; such B．such; so C．so; such D．so; so 11．It is ________ fine weather today ________ many people have a picnic in the park. A．such; that B．such a; that C．so; that D．too; to 12．_______ I entered my thirties, I have realized that I can’t change a person _______ he is willing to change himself. A．When: because B．After; if C．Since; unless D．When; if 13．—Why do you call him Mr. Knowledgeable? —Because he knows almost the people and the things ________ we want to know. A．which B．who C．what D．that 14．—Do you know everyone ______ came to your party? —No. I don’t know the one ______ you talked to just now. A．who; / B．whose; that C．that; which D．/; whom 15．Xu Baoshan was born in the Year of the Tiger, so people ________ were afraid of him give him a nickname “Tiger Xu”. A．that B．what C．which D．/ 16．—Nowadays WeChat is widely used among people of all ages. —Yes, it seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like. A．that B．which C．who D．what 17．Conan is a character ________ is popular among teenagers all over the world. A．what B．which C．whose D．who 18．Edgar Allan Poe was the man ______ first wrote detective stories in English. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 19．Yesterday I helped an old man ______ lost his way. How proud I was! A．who B．whom C．which D．when 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （24-25九年级上·江苏泰州·期末）根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 Ding Ling, a daughter of Taizhou, was born in 1904 in Taizhou, Jiangsu Province. She is a famous Chinese 1 (write) known for her patriotism (爱国) and literary talent. Taizhou, a city rich in culture, has produced many excellent people in history, but Ding Ling is outstanding 2 a leading voice in modern Chinese literature. Ding Ling’s works are 3 (most) about society and have a strong sense of national pride. Her most famous novel, Miss Sophie’s Diary, records the struggles and 4 (think) of a young woman in Chinese history. Another work should 5 (mention), The Sun Shines Over the Sanggan River. It describes 6 lives of common people in the countryside of China. 7 (she) contribution to Chinese literature is great. Her stories are not only 8 (attract) but also educational, encouraging readers to think deeply about the world around them. As a native of Taizhou, she has brought honor to her hometown 9 continues to be an encouragement to young writers, and readers, too. Today, students in Taizhou and beyond continue to study her works, 10 (learn) about the rich history and culture of their country through her stories. In conclusion, she is a shining example of the literary talent that Taizhou has produced. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．既然这个项目很有价值，为何不尽快开展呢？ Why don’t you it is of great value? 2．她是如此好的一个女演员，以至于许多人赞扬她。 She is a good actress that many people her. 3．请把这个通知单贴在布告栏上，以便所有学生都能看到。 Please post the notice on the notice board . 4．他虽然有绘画的天赋，但从不炫耀。 painting, he never shows off. 5．她如此优秀，一开学就成功地引起了老师们的注意。 She’s so excellent as soon as this term began. 6．那个人是如此的顽固不化，没有人能轻易的改变他的想法。 That man is so stubborn easily. 7．吉姆是个诚实的人，我们都相信他。 Jim is such . 8．虽然他的成就经常受到高度评价，但他从不炫耀。 , he never shows off. 9．直到老师向Lily提出了一些建议，她才做出了决定。 Lily until her teacher gave her some advice. 10．她如此漂亮常被我们误认为是电影明星｡ She looks so beautiful a film star by us. 11．观虎是一部由著名导演执导的一小时的纪录片。 Tiger Watch is a one-hour documentary . 12．莫莉更喜欢在工作之余能帮助他放松的柔和音乐。 Molly smooth music can help him relax at work. 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） （2024·江苏宿迁·一模）根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空使短文完整。 Madeep has a project in Indonesia—lending books to children in exchange for litter that they collect. Each weekday, she 1 (ride) her three-wheeler with books to the village. There, many children are waiting 2 (exchange) books with plastic cups, bags and other waste. When she arrives, the children gather around her three-wheeler, the “Litter Library”, and the books fly out 3 (quick). She collects about 100kg of waste each week, which 4 (divide) by her workmates for recycling. She has a stock of 6,000 books to lend. Madeep’s project is a new way to make the kids read more. She is happy that the kids are going to spend 5 (much) time on books than online games as a result. She thinks that it can help build a culture of reading from young age to reduce the harm of the online world. The project is also a way to clean up the environment. It is 6 (help) to take care of the waste to fight climate change and to make the earth safe. Kevin, 11 years old, is a reader of the “Litter Library”. He often looks for waste 7 (lie) in the village. “If there is too much litter, our environment 8 (become) dirty. That’s why I look for litter to borrow a book,” he says. More and more people realize that it’s important 9 (pay) more attention to both reading in kids and 10 (protect) the environment. That must be good news to Madeep. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法知识串讲2（状语从句、定语从句）（期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 状语从句 定语从句 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 （1）时间状语从句表示时间，常用when；while；as；before；after；since；till/until；as soon as等连词来引导。时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时，只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 知识点01 由when(在……的时候；当……的时候)引导的时间状语从句，可表示“时间点”或“时间段”，从句谓语可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词。when可以指主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时或先后发生。 1.When I got home, he was having supper. 当我回到家的时候，他正在吃饭。 2.When he reached home, he had a little rest. 回到家以后，他休息了一会儿。 3.When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。 知识点02 由while(当……的时候) 引导的时间状语从句，只可表示“时间段”，从句谓语只限于延续性动词。while强调主句谓语动词表示的动作持续于while从句所指的整个时间内； 1.Please listen to me carefully while I read. 我读的时候请认真听。 2.I can listen to the radio while I work. 我可以边听收音机边工作。 3.While I was sleeping, my father came in. 我睡觉时，我的父亲进来了。 4.Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电脑游戏时，爸爸在清洗汽车。 知识点03 由as (当……的时候)引导的时间状语从句，表示的是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是，as 从句一般不用正在进行时，而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“一边……一边……；与……同时”。as 表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，as 只是一个次要的时间说明，不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此，as也常翻译成“随着……”之意。as从句是终止性动词时，主句通常也必须是终止性动词。 1.The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。 2.The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。 3.As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候，他越来越兴奋。 4.As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。 知识点04 由before(在……之前)和after(在……之后)引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时，则从句动词多用一般过去时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。 1.Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me. 爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 2.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived. 我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。 3.After we had finished the work, we went home. 完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时） 4.I will go out to play basketball with you after I finish my homework. 我做完功课后就和你一起出去打篮球。 知识点05 由since(自从……以来)引导的时间状语从句。它的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is+时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。 1.I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 2.We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭，我们已经包了许多饺子了。 3.It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 4.It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 5.It has been/is three years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面，已经三年了。 知识点06 由until/till(直到……为止；直到……才)引导的时间状语从句。一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。需要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式，表示“直到……才”的意思，主句谓语动词一般用终止性动词，这时，till和until可用before替换；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同，until和till在肯定句中意为“直到……为止”。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。 1.I worked until he came back. 我工作到他回来为止。 2.I didn’t work until he came back. 他回来我这才开始工作。 3.We won’t start until/till/before Bob comes. 直到鲍勃来我们才会开始。 4.He didn’t go to bed until/till he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续) 知识点07 由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。表示“一……就……”，强调动作紧密相连。 1.We began t work as soon as we got there. 我们一到那儿，就马上开始工作。 2.As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。 知识点08 时间状语从句的时态： 一般来说时间状语从句的主句与从句的时态前后要一致。如果时间状语从句主句谓语动词用一般将来时，从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。 1.I will call you as soon as I arrive there. 我一到达那儿就给你打电话。 2.Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. (当)莫扎特四岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。 知识点09 when引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别： when引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……时候”；引导宾语从句时，意为“什么时候”。 1.He asked when we will hold the sports meeting. 他问我们什么时候开运动会。 2.When the weather is fine, many families go out for a walk. 天气好时，很多家庭都出去散步。 3.---- Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? 你知道明天他什么时候回来吗？ ---- Sorry, I don’t. When he comes back, I’ll tell you. 对不起我不知道，当他回来的时候，我就告诉你。 知识点10 when，while和as的区别和联系：都可表示“当……的时候”，但用法有区别： ① when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。 1.When she came in, I stopped eating. 她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词) 2.When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. 当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词） 3.We were about to leave when he came in. 我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。 ② while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。 1.While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当我妻子在看报纸的时候，我在看电视。（was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生） 2.I like playing football while you like playing basketball. 我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比） ③ as表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后”。 1.We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”） 2.As we was going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间） 2. 原因状语从句 知识点01 原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的。是由because(因为)；since(因为；由于)；as(因为)；for(因为)；now that(既然；由于)等从属连词引导的状语从句。 1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。 2.---- Why can’t I go? 为什么我不能去？---- Because you’re too young. 因为你年纪太小了。 3.Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了，让我们开始开会吧. 4.As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好，你就不该熬夜. 5.As (Since) you are not feeling well, you’d better stay at home. 既然你不太舒服，还是留在家里的好。 6.Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了，让我们开始我们的会议。 知识点02 as, because, since和for的区别： ①because(因为)如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。对于以why开头的问句，一般只能用because引导的从句来回答。 I missed the train because I got up late. 我错过了火车因为我起晚了。 ②since(因为；由于；既然)和as(因为)，如果原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其余部分重要，就用as或since，since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。 1.Since this method doesn’t work, let’s try another. 既然这种方法不行，我们试试另一个。 2.As he was not well, I decided to go there without him. 因为他身体不好，我决定独自去了。 ③for(因为)表示所说的理由是一种补充说明，因此，for引导的从句可以放在括号里，而且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。 I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry. 我决定停下来吃午饭，因为我觉得非常饿。 3.条件状语从句 知识点01 条件状语从句是由if(如果)；unless=if not(除非；如果不)；as/so long as(只要)等从属连词引导的状语从句。可分为真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件状语从句，在初中阶段只学习真实条件状语从句。 1.Please call me if he is at home. 假如他在家的话，请给我打电话。 2.As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着, 我就要学习。 3.Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 我们出去散步，除非你太累了。 4.If you are not too tied, let’s go out for a walk. 如果你不太累，让我们出去散散步。 知识点02 条件状语从句的时态：一般来说条件状语从句的主句与从句的时态要前后一致。但条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样，如果主句谓语动词用一般将来时，从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。 1.I won’t go there with you if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨的话，我就不和你一起去那儿了。 2.You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you don’t study hard. 除非你努力学习，否则你会考不及格的。 知识点03 条件状语从句主从句的位置： 大多数情况下，从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后。如从句在前时，主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。 Please tell me if he comes back. = If he comes back, please tell me. 如果他回来了，请告诉我一声。 知识点04 条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴，有时它可以替代从句和主句，它就是“祈使句+and / or+简单句”。其中and表示句意顺承；or则表示转折，意为“否则”。它们可以和if引导的条件状语从句互换。 1.If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.=Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 如果你不快点儿，你就赶不上火车了。 2.If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam.=Work harder, and you’ll pass the exam. 如果你再努力些，你就会通过考试。 知识点05 if引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别： if既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导状语从句。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，意为“是否”，遵循宾语从句的时态规则；充当从属连词，引导条件状语从句时，意为“如果”，若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。 ① We will go out if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好，我们就出去。 ② I don’t know if the train has arrived. 我不知道火车是否到了。 句①中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，整个句子的意思是“如果明天天气好，我们就出去”。句②中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语，整个句子意思是“我不知道火车是否到了”。 4. 目的状语从句 知识点01 目的状语从句表示目的。是由so that(“以便，为了，目的是”从句谓语常有情态动词)；in order that(为了；以便)；in case(以防；以免；万一)等从属连词引导的状语从句。 1.You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须说大声点，以便大家都能听到。 2.She bought a digital camera online so that she saved a lot of time. 她在网上买了个相机让她节省了很多时间。 3.We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。 =We used the computer in order to save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。 4.I will take some money in case I will use it. 我会带一些钱去以防我要用 5.He left early in case he should miss the train. 他早早地离开，以防错过火车。 知识点02 so that 引导的目的状语从句可转换成动词不定式短语。 She hurried to school so that she might not be late. 她急急忙忙去上学，为了不迟到。 →She hurried to school (in order) not to be late. 她急急忙忙去上学，为了不迟到。 5. 让步状语从句 知识点01 是由though/although（虽然，尽管）；even if/though（虽然，尽管，即使）；whoever=no matter who（无论谁）；however=no matter how（无论怎样）；whatever=no matter what（无论什么）；whenever=no matter when（无论何时）；wherever=no matter where（无论何地）；whichever=no matter which（无论哪一个）；as(“虽然”用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)；while (“虽然；然而”一般用在句首)等从属连词引导的状语从句。 1.He won’t listen whatever you may say. 无论你说什么他都不听。 2.Child as he is, he knows a lot of things. 他虽然是个孩子，却知道很多事情。 3.He went on working though it was very late. 虽然很晚了，他还在继续工作。 4.Though/Although he tried hard, he was not successful. 他虽然努力尝试，但没有成功。 5.No matter how hard the work was, he never gave it up. 不管工作多么艰难，他都从不放弃。 6.The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. 即使天气很恶劣，那个老人总是喜欢游泳。 知识点02 though, although 和 but不能同时使用。但是 though, although 和yet (still)可连用。 1.Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 虽然他很富有，然而他并不快乐。 2.It’s not cheap, but it’s very good.=Though it’s not cheap, it’s very good. 这东西不便宜但是质量很好。 3.Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 尽管我们已长大，可我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩。 6. 结果状语从句 一． 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。是由so...that(如此……以至于……)；such...that(如此……以至于……)等从属连词引导的状语从句。常用的句式主要有： 知识点01 …+so+形容词/副词＋that从句。 1.He spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow him. 他说得太快，我跟不上他。 2.The suit cost so much that he didn’t buy it. 那套衣服太贵，他没有买。 3，His shoes were so dirty that he must brush them. 他的鞋子这么脏，他必须把它们洗一下。 知识点02 …+such+a/an+形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句。 1.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. 这个盒子太重了没有人能够搬动它。 2.It’s such an interesting story that everybody likes reading it. 这是一个如此有趣的故事，大家都喜欢读它。 知识点03 …+such+形容词＋复数可数名词/不可数名词＋that从句。在“形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”结构中，当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时，名词前用so（构成：“so+many/few+复数可数名词+that从句”或“so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句”）。 1.It is such bad weather that we have to stay at home. 天气是如此恶劣，我们不得不呆在家里。 2.He told us such funny stories that we all laughed. 他对我们讲了那么些有趣的故事，我们全都哈哈大笑。 3.She made so many mistakes that she didn’t pass the exam. 她犯的错误太多了，以致于她没有通过考试。 4.He has so much work to do that he can’t come this evening. 他有那么多的工作要做，以致他今晚不能来了。 知识点04 …+so+形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋that从句。 Tom is so clever a boy that he can answer the question. 汤姆很聪明，他能回答这个问题。 二．so… that引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句：以“so...that”引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句，即可转换为“...enough to...”或“...too...to”句型，但这种转换必须符合下列条件： 知识点01 当主句和从句的主语一致，且that从句是肯定句时，可用“enough to do sth.”来转换。 1.The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. 这个男人如此的强壮，以致于他能举起这只沉重箱子。 →The man is strong enough to lift the heavy box. 这个男人如此的强壮，以致于他能举起这只沉重箱子。 2.He was so clever that he can understand what I said. 他是如此的聪明，他能理解我所说的话。 →He was clever enough to understand what I said. 他是如此的聪明，他能理解我所说的话。 知识点02 当主句和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是肯定句时，可以用“enough for sb. to do sth.”来替换，但须注意不定式的宾语要省略。 1.The box is so light that he can carry it. =The box is light enough for him to carry. 这个箱子如此轻以至于我可以搬动它。 2.The question is so easy that I can work it out.=The question is easy enough for me to work out. 这个问题很容易，我们能算出。 知识点03 当主句和从句的主语一致，且that从句是否定句时，可以用“too...to…”来替换。 1.I was so tired that I couldn’t go on with the work.=I was too tired to go on with the work. 我太累了，不能继续工作了。 2.The girl is so young that she can’t dress herself.=The girl is too young to dress herself. 这个女孩太小了，还不能自己穿衣服。 知识点04 当主句和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是否定时，如果要用“too...to...”替换“so...that...”，则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，可以用“too...for sb. to do sth.”来替换，注意不定式的宾语要省略。 1.It is so hot that we can’t sleep.=It is too hot for us to sleep. 天气这么热，我们睡不着。 2.The bag is so heavy that she can’t move it.=The bag is too heavy for her to move. 这个袋子太重了，她搬不动它。 三.使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题 （1）主句与从句时态一致的问题：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列几种情况： 知识点01 主将从现。即状语从句的时态受到主句时态的影响。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时，从句通常不用将来时态，而用一般现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。 1.If he comes, please tell me. 如果他来，请告诉我。 2.Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 3.The traffic must stop when the lights are/turn red. 当红灯亮时，车辆必须停下来。 4.I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有时间时，我将去看望我的好友。 5.If she comes here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她来这里，我将和她一起去公园。 知识点02 since 引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句为现在完成时。 He has made several friends since he came here two years ago. 自从他两年前来到这里，他已经交了好几个好朋友了。 知识点03 when 引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时态，从句用一般过去时态。 He was watching TV when I came in. 当我进来时，他正在看电视。 知识点04 过去时态：若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。 Mother was cooking when I got home yesterday. 昨天我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。 知识点05 宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。 1.I don’t know if (是否) he will come. If (如果) he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否要来。如果他来，我将告诉他这起事故。 2.I don’t know when (什么时候) he will come tomorrow. When (当……的时候) he comes, I will tell him about the news. 我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 定语从句 知识点01 定语从句的定义： 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 知识点02 定语从句的先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间状语，地点状语，原因状语。 知识点03 定语从句的关系词： 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1. 引导定语从句。2. 代替先行词。3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。 知识点04 定语从句的结构： 先行词+关系词+定语从句。 知识点05 关系代词引导的定语从句 （1）who指人，在从句中做主语。 The woman who visited our factory yesterday is an Australian friend. 昨天参观我们工厂的女士是一位澳大利亚朋友。 （2）whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 【注意】关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 1.This is the student who I met yesterday. 这是我昨天见到的那个学生。 2.Who’s that man (whom) you just talked to? 刚才与你谈话的那个男人是谁？ 3.The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚遇见的那个人是我的朋友。 （3）which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 1.The shoe shop is a shop which sells shoes. 鞋店是销售鞋的商店。 2.The book (which) I read last night was wonderful. 我昨晚看的那本书很精彩。 （4）that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 1.She is one of the students that works very hard. 她是最用功的学生中的一个。 2.A library is a place that people like very much. 图书馆是一个人们非常喜欢的地方。 （5）whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 【注意】whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替。 1.This is our classmate, Mary, whose home is not far from our school. 这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。 2.He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸是医生的朋友。 3.I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在一幢屋顶已倒塌的房子。 4.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书？ =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书？ 5.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏了的那个教室将很快修复。 =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏了的那个教室将很快修复。 （6）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句：关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导。 ① 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等。 ② 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能 用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 1.This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) // This is the watch for which I am looking. (F) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) // The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) // The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 知识点06 限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况 ① 先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等。 ② 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 ③ 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时。 ④ 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。 ⑤ 当主句是以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句用that 引导。 ⑥ 先行词既有人又有物时。 ⑦ time作先行词，前面如果有序数词或 last 修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或 last 修饰时，既可用 when 也可用that来引导。 1.All that he said is true. 他所说的都是真的。 2.All (that) you have to do is to practice every day. 你要做的就是每天都要练习。 3.The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten. 我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。 4.This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。 5.I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。 6.The white flower is the only one that I really like. 这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。 7.This is the very book that I want to read. 这就是我要看的那本书。 8.This is the same skirt that I want to buy. (同一条裙子) 这就是我想买的那条裙子。 9.This is the only book (that) I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的唯一的一本书。 10.Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那儿的那个人是谁？ 11.Which of us that knows something about physics doesn't know this? 在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个？ 12.We talked about the persons and things that we could remember. 我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。 13.This is the last time (that) I shall give you a lesson. 这是我最后一次给你们上课了。 14.The first time (that) I saw him was in 2002. 我第一次见到他是在2002年。 15.There isn’t much (that) I can do. 我能做的不多。 知识点07 下列情况只能用 which： ①关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词＋which”结构。②引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。 1.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍了。 2.This is the book for which you ask. 这是你要的那本书。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1．—You’ll fail again ________ you try your best. —Believe in us. We’ll practise hard this time to win the game. A．if B．because C．after D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——除非你尽最大努力，否则你会再次失败的。——相信我们。这次我们会努力练习来赢得比赛。 考查连词辨析。if如果；because因为；after在……之后；unless除非。根据语境可知，“you try your best”是“You’ll fail again”的否定条件，即除非你尽最大努力，否则会再次失败，所以应用unless引导条件状语从句。故选D。 2．_______ you try doing something beyond what you have already mastered, you will never grow. A．Whatever B．if C．Although D．Unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：除非你尝试做一些你已经掌握的以外的事情，否则你永远不会成长。 考查连词辨析。Whatever无论什么；if如果；Although尽管；Unless除非，如果不。根据“you try doing something beyond what you have already mastered”和“you will never grow.”以及选项可知，两句之间是否定的条件关系，应用unless引导条件状语从句，表示如果你不尝试做一些你已经掌握的以外的事情，你永远不会成长。故选D。 3．The word “as” in the sentence “As he likes the sounds of nature, Tan uses them a lot in his music.” is used to ________. A．show cause B．show purpose C．show result D．show time 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“因为他喜欢大自然的声音，所以谭先生经常在他的音乐中使用它们。”句子中的as用来表原因。 考查原因状语从句。show cause表原因；show purpose表目的；show result表结果；show time表时间。由“he likes the sounds of nature, Tan uses them a lot in his music.”可知，因为他喜欢大自然的声音，才会经常使用他们，As在此句中引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。故选A。 4．—Could you give us some more safety tips, Mr. Smith? —OK. As a student, you’d better not go out alone at night ________ you have to. A．if B．when C．because D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——史密斯先生，你能再给我们一些安全提示吗？——好的。作为一个学生，你最好不要在晚上独自外出，除非你必须这样做。 考查连词辨析。if如果；when什么时候；because因为；unless除非。根据“As a student, you’d better not go out alone at night...you have to.”可知，此处指的是最好不要在晚上独自外出，除非必须这样做。故选D。 5．My grandpa often tells me we must work hard to get more knowledge ________ we are young. A．after B．while C．before D．until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爷爷经常告诉我，我们必须趁着年轻努力学习，以获得更多的知识。 考查连词辨析。after在……之后；while当……时；before在……之前；until直到……为止。根据“My grandpa often tells me we must work hard to get more knowledge...we are young.”可知，此处应用while引导时间状语从句，表示“趁着正年轻，我们必须努力学习获得更多知识”。故选B。 6．My father was so angry at ______ I was doing ______ he walked out without a word. A．what; what      B．what; that      C．that; that      D．that; what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我父亲对我做的事情非常生气，以至于他一句话也没说就走了出去。 考查宾语从句和结果状语从句。本句整体是so…that结构，表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，需用that引导；同时，what I was doing作介词at的宾语，是宾语从句，从句动词do的宾语需用what引导。故第一空填what；第二空填that。故选B。 7．—Do you hear that an earthworm was found at Yuanjiyunjiao in Beijing the other day? —Of course. ________ the bowl of noodles cost only 14 yuan, the news brought food safety to the attention of more people. A．Since B．Until C．Although D．Unless 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你听说前几天在北京的袁记云饺发现了一条蚯蚓吗？ ——尽管这碗面条仅售14元，这一消息引起了更多人对食品安全的关注。 考查连词辨析。Since自从；Until到……时；Although虽然，尽管；Unless除非。根据“...cost only 14 yuan, the news brought food safety to the attention of more people”可知，此处表示转折关系，是although引导的让步状语从句。故选C。 8．Tan Dun is ________ excellent composer ________ he can make music without boundaries. A．such a; that B．such an; that C．so; that D．so; since 【答案】B 【详解】句意：谭盾是一位如此优秀的作曲家，他可以创作出没有界限的音乐。 考查such...that引导的结果状语从句。such a/an adj. n. that...如此……的……以至于；so adj./adv. that...如此……以至于；since自从。根据“excellent composer...he can make music without boundaries.”可知此处是such a/an adj. n. that...引导的结果状语从句，excellent以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选B。 9．—Our English teacher often tells us that success needs lots of ________. —Yes. We must study hard ________ we can achieve our goals. A． efforts; in order to B．charm; in order that C．efforts; so that D．charm; so as to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们的英语老师经常告诉我们成功需要很多的努力。——是的。我们必须努力学习，这样我们才能实现我们的目标。 考查名词和连词。efforts努力；charm魅力；in order to为了，后加动词原形；so that为了、以便，后加从句；in order that为了，后加从句；so as to为了，后加动词原形。根据“success needs lots of...”可知，成功需要努力，故第一空用efforts；根据第二个空格后“we can achieve our goals”可知，应用so that或in order that。故选C。 10．—Do you often watch the programme “Singer 2024”? —Yes. It is ________ a successful programme that it attracts ________ many people. A．very; such B．such; so C．so; such D．so; so 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你经常看《歌手2024》这个节目吗？——是的，它是如此成功，以至于吸引了如此多的人。 考查形容词副词辨析。very非常；such如此，修饰名词；so如此，修饰形容词。such+a/an+（形容词）+可数名词单数，so+many/much/few/little+可数名词复数/不可数名词。由题干可知，第一个空格是“那样（一个非常成功的节目）”，用such；第二个空格是“那么（多的人）”，用so ，故选B。 11．It is ________ fine weather today ________ many people have a picnic in the park. A．such; that B．such a; that C．so; that D．too; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今天天气非常好，以至于很多人都在公园野餐。 考查结果状语从句。such...that如此……以至于……；such a...that...如此……以至于……；so...that...如此……以至于……；too...to太……而不能……。根据“fine weather today ... many people have a picnic in the park”可知，此处用“such…that”表示“如此……以至于……”，其中“such”用来修饰名词短语，而“fine weather”是不可数名词，因此用“such”。故选A。 12．_______ I entered my thirties, I have realized that I can’t change a person _______ he is willing to change himself. A．When: because B．After; if C．Since; unless D．When; if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从我三十多岁起，我意识到，除非一个人愿意改变自己，否则我无法改变他。 考查连词词义辨析。When什么时候；because因为；After在……之后；if如果；Since自从；unless除非。根据“have realized”可知，主句时态为现在完成时，第一空应用since引导时间状语从句，根据“I can’t change a person...he is willing to change himself.”可知，应表达除非一个人愿意改变自己，否则我无法改变他，用unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。 13．—Why do you call him Mr. Knowledgeable? —Because he knows almost the people and the things ________ we want to know. A．which B．who C．what D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你为什么称呼他博学先生？——因为他几乎知道我们想要知道的一切。 考查定语从句。which哪个；who谁；what什么；that那个。根据句子可知，“the people and the things”为先行词，包括了人和物，定语从句中应用that来引导。故选D。 14．—Do you know everyone ______ came to your party? —No. I don’t know the one ______ you talked to just now. A．who; / B．whose; that C．that; which D．/; whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你认识来参加晚会的每一个人吗？——不。我不认识刚才和你交谈的人。 考查定语从句的引导词。who谁；whose谁的；that那；which那一个；whom谁。第一空前的先行词是人，用引导词who或that，引导词在句中作主语，不能省略；第二空先行词也是人，且引导词在定语从句中作宾语，可用whom或that引导，并可省略。故选A。 15．Xu Baoshan was born in the Year of the Tiger, so people ________ were afraid of him give him a nickname “Tiger Xu”. A．that B．what C．which D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：徐宝山出生在虎年，所以害怕他的人给他起了个绰号“徐虎”。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是people，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that引导定语从句。故选A。 16．—Nowadays WeChat is widely used among people of all ages. —Yes, it seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like. A．that B．which C．who D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——现在微信被各个年龄段的人广泛使用。 ——是的，这似乎是人们喜欢的最好的交流方式。 考查定语从句。that引导定语从句，先行词为物或人，在从句作主语或宾语；which引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能用来引导定语从句，排除D。根据“the best way of communication”可知，先行词为“way”，指物，应用that/which引导从句，排除C；又因为最高级“the best”修饰先行词“way”，关系代词只能用“that”，排除B。故选A。 17．Conan is a character ________ is popular among teenagers all over the world. A．what B．which C．whose D．who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：柯南是一个在全世界青少年中受欢迎的角色。 考查定语从句关系词。what什么，不能作定语从句关系词；which关系代词，代指物；whose关系代词，表示“……的”；who关系代词，代指人。根据“Conan is a character ... is popular among teenagers all over the world.”可知，空格处需填入一个关系代词引导定语从句，用来指代前面的名词“character”，这里应该用关系代词“who”来指代“Conan”这个人物，故选D。 18．Edgar Allan Poe was the man ______ first wrote detective stories in English. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：埃德加·爱伦·坡是第一个用英语写侦探小说的人。 考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；whose引导定语从句，先行词为人或物，在从句中作定语。分析句子结构可知，先行词“the man”指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用who来引导定语从句。故选B。 19．Yesterday I helped an old man ______ lost his way. How proud I was! A．who B．whom C．which D．when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。我多骄傲啊！ 考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作主语；whom引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；which引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；when引导定语从句，先行词指时间，在从句中作状语。分析句子，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是an old man，表示人，关在从句中作主语，应用who来引导定语从句。故选A。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （24-25九年级上·江苏泰州·期末）根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 Ding Ling, a daughter of Taizhou, was born in 1904 in Taizhou, Jiangsu Province. She is a famous Chinese 1 (write) known for her patriotism (爱国) and literary talent. Taizhou, a city rich in culture, has produced many excellent people in history, but Ding Ling is outstanding 2 a leading voice in modern Chinese literature. Ding Ling’s works are 3 (most) about society and have a strong sense of national pride. Her most famous novel, Miss Sophie’s Diary, records the struggles and 4 (think) of a young woman in Chinese history. Another work should 5 (mention), The Sun Shines Over the Sanggan River. It describes 6 lives of common people in the countryside of China. 7 (she) contribution to Chinese literature is great. Her stories are not only 8 (attract) but also educational, encouraging readers to think deeply about the world around them. As a native of Taizhou, she has brought honor to her hometown 9 continues to be an encouragement to young writers, and readers, too. Today, students in Taizhou and beyond continue to study her works, 10 (learn) about the rich history and culture of their country through her stories. In conclusion, she is a shining example of the literary talent that Taizhou has produced. 【答案】1．writer 2．as 3．mostly 4．thoughts 5．be mentioned 6．the 7．Her 8．attractive 9．and 10．learning 【导语】本文描述了丁玲，作为泰州的女儿，以其爱国情怀和文学才华成为中国著名作家，其作品主要反映社会现实并充满民族自豪感，对中国文学贡献巨大，是泰州培养出的杰出文学人才的典范。 1．句意：她是一位以爱国和文学才华著称的中国著名作家。根据“a famous Chinese”可知，此处表示一位著名的中国作家，因此用单数名词writer“作家”。故填writer。 2．句意：泰州，一座文化底蕴丰富的城市，历史上涌现出许多杰出人物，但丁玲作为中国现代文学的重要人物而脱颖而出。根据“Ding Ling is outstanding”可知，此处表示丁玲作为中国现代文学的重要人物而脱颖而出，因此用介词as“作为”。故填as。 3．句意：丁玲的作品大多与社会有关，具有强烈的民族自豪感。根据“about society”可知，此处表示作品大多关于社会，因此用副词mostly，表示“大部分地，主要地”。故填mostly。 4．句意：她最著名的小说《莎菲女士的日记》记录了中国历史上一个年轻女性的挣扎和思想。根据“of a young woman”可知，此处表示一个年轻女性的思想，用名词复数形式thoughts表示泛指。故填thoughts。 5．句意：另一部作品值得一提，那就是《太阳照在桑乾河上》。根据“Another work should”可知，此处表示另一部作品应该被提及，因此用含有情态动词的被动语态should be mentioned。故填be mentioned。 6．句意：它描述了中国乡村普通人的生活。根据“lives of common people”可知，此处特指中国乡村普通人的生活，因此用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 7．句意：她对中国文学的贡献是巨大的。根据“contribution to Chinese literature”可知，此处表示她的贡献，因此用形容词性物主代词her修饰contribution。故填Her。 8．句意：她的故事不仅吸引人，而且具有教育意义，鼓励读者深入思考他们周围的世界。根据“but also educational”可知，此处表示她的故事不仅吸引人，因此用形容词attractive与educational并列，表示“吸引人的”。故填attractive。 9．句意：作为泰州的本地人，她为家乡带来了荣誉，并继续激励着年轻的作家和读者。根据“has brought honor to her hometown”和“continues to be an encouragement to young writers, and readers, too”可知，该句为肯定句，此处表示两个并列的动作，因此用连词and连接。故填and。 10．句意：今天，泰州以及泰州以外的学生继续学习她的作品，通过她的故事了解他们国家丰富的历史和文化。根据“students in Taizhou and beyond continue to study her works”可知，此处表示学生们在学习她的作品的同时，也在了解他们国家的历史和文化，因此用现在分词learning作状语，表示伴随动作。故填learning。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．既然这个项目很有价值，为何不尽快开展呢？ Why don’t you it is of great value? 【答案】carry out the project as soon as possible since 【详解】carry out“开展”，Why don’t you后跟动词原形；the project“这个项目”；as soon as possible“尽快”；since“既然”，引导原因状语从句。故填carry out the project as soon as possible since。 2．她是如此好的一个女演员，以至于许多人赞扬她。 She is a good actress that many people her. 【答案】 such praise 【详解】such a…that“如此……以至于”；praise“赞扬”，时态为一般现在时，主语是many people，动词用原形。故填such；praise。 3．请把这个通知单贴在布告栏上，以便所有学生都能看到。 Please post the notice on the notice board . 【答案】so that all the students can see it 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处是so that引导目的状语从句。以便：so that；所有学生：all the students；能看到：can see。用it指代“the notice”，让句子简洁。故填so that all the students can see it。 4．他虽然有绘画的天赋，但从不炫耀。 painting, he never shows off. 【答案】Although he has a gift for/Although he has a talent for/Though he has a gift for/Though he has a talent for 【详解】虽然：although/though，引导让步状语从句；有……的天赋：have a gift/talent for；句子用一般现在时，主语是he，谓语动词用三单。故填Although/Though he has a gift/talent for。 5．她如此优秀，一开学就成功地引起了老师们的注意。 She’s so excellent as soon as this term began. 【答案】that she successfully caught the teachers’ attention/ that she successfully attracted the teachers’ attention/ that she successfully drew the teachers’ attention 【详解】根据句意，该句可总结为so...that...“如此……以至于……”。这里表示 “她如此优秀，以至于一开学就成功地引起了老师们的注意”。catch/attract/draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力，为固定搭配；根据后半句“as soon as this term began”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以catch/attract/draw要用过去式“caught/attracted/drew”。successfully“成功地”，副词，作状语，修饰动词caught/attracted/drew。the teachers’意为“老师们的”，故填that she successfully caught the teachers’ attention/ that she successfully attracted the teachers’ attention/ that she successfully drew the teachers’ attention。 6．那个人是如此的顽固不化，没有人能轻易的改变他的想法。 That man is so stubborn easily. 【答案】that no one can change his mind/that nobody can change his mind 【详解】该句使用的是一个结果状语从句结构，so…that表示“如此……以至于……”，no one/nobody“没有人”；can“能”，接动词原形； change his mind“改变他的想法”。故填that no one can change his mind/that nobody can change his mind。 7．吉姆是个诚实的人，我们都相信他。 Jim is such . 【答案】an honest person that we all trust him 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句子时态为一般现在时，空处缺少了“诚实的人”，英文表达为an honest person；“我们都相信他”，英文表达为we all trust him，根据such可知，本句句式为such+a/an+形容词+名词单数+that“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句。故填an honest person that we all trust him。 8．虽然他的成就经常受到高度评价，但他从不炫耀。 , he never shows off. 【答案】Although his achievements are often highly regarded/Though his achievements are often highly regarded/While his achievements are often highly regarded 【详解】根据中英文句子可知，该句为让步状语从句，应用连词although/though/while“尽管”引导，句首字母要大写。因主句是一般现在时，所以从句也是一般现在时。主语：his achievements“他的成就”；“经常”可用频率副词often；“受到高度评价”可用短语”be highly regarded”表示，因为主语是复数，所以be用are。故填Although his achievements are often highly regarded/Though his achievements are often highly regarded/While his achievements are often highly regarded。 9．直到老师向Lily提出了一些建议，她才做出了决定。 Lily until her teacher gave her some advice. 【答案】didn’t make a decision 【详解】根据汉语句子及“until her teacher gave her some advice”可知，该句为not… until…引导的时间状语从句，表示“直到……才……”；又因为从句是一般过去时，根据“主过从过”的原则，主句也应是一般过去时；动词短语make a decision“做出决定”的否定形式需要借助于didn’t。故填didn’t make a decision。 10．她如此漂亮常被我们误认为是电影明星｡ She looks so beautiful a film star by us. 【答案】that she is often mistaken for 【详解】根据英汉对照可知，空格处填“常被……误认为是”，mistake..for…把……误认为……，often经常，be often mistaken for“常被……误认为是”。分析句子结构，此句是so…that…引导的结果状语从句，从句的主语是she，be动词用is。故填that she is often mistaken for。 11．观虎是一部由著名导演执导的一小时的纪录片。 Tiger Watch is a one-hour documentary . 【答案】directed by a famous director/that was directed by a famous director/which was directed by a famous director 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，英文译句缺少“由著名导演执导”，“由著名导演”英文表达是by a famous director，“执导”英文表达是direct，空格处可以用定语从句表示，也可用后置定语表示。当用定语从句表示时，先行词是documentary“纪录片”，指物，所以引导词用that或which，documentary表示单数，和动词direct之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，所以定语从句要用一般过去时的被动语态，空格处可填that/which was directed by a famous director；当用后置定语表示时，由于documentary和direct之间是被动关系，所以用direct的过去分词作后置定语修饰documentary，空格处可填directed by a famous director。故填(that/which was) directed by a famous director。 12．莫莉更喜欢在工作之余能帮助他放松的柔和音乐。 Molly smooth music can help him relax at work. 【答案】 prefers that/which 【详解】prefer“更喜欢”，句子应用一般现在时，主语为Molly，谓语应用动词的三单形式；smooth music为名词短语，后接定语从句，smooth music是先行词，指物，关系代词用that或which，在从句中作主语。故填prefers；that/which。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） （2024·江苏宿迁·一模）根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空使短文完整。 Madeep has a project in Indonesia—lending books to children in exchange for litter that they collect. Each weekday, she 1 (ride) her three-wheeler with books to the village. There, many children are waiting 2 (exchange) books with plastic cups, bags and other waste. When she arrives, the children gather around her three-wheeler, the “Litter Library”, and the books fly out 3 (quick). She collects about 100kg of waste each week, which 4 (divide) by her workmates for recycling. She has a stock of 6,000 books to lend. Madeep’s project is a new way to make the kids read more. She is happy that the kids are going to spend 5 (much) time on books than online games as a result. She thinks that it can help build a culture of reading from young age to reduce the harm of the online world. The project is also a way to clean up the environment. It is 6 (help) to take care of the waste to fight climate change and to make the earth safe. Kevin, 11 years old, is a reader of the “Litter Library”. He often looks for waste 7 (lie) in the village. “If there is too much litter, our environment 8 (become) dirty. That’s why I look for litter to borrow a book,” he says. More and more people realize that it’s important 9 (pay) more attention to both reading in kids and 10 (protect) the environment. That must be good news to Madeep. 【答案】1．rides 2．to exchange 3．quickly 4．is divided 5．more 6．helpful 7．lying 8．will become 9．to pay 10．protecting 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了印度尼西亚的一个项目，让儿童用收集到的垃圾来换书读，从而清洁地球，帮助培养孩子们的阅读习惯和环境意识。 1．句意：每个工作日，她骑着那辆装着书的三轮汽车去了村子。根据“Every weekday”可知句子用一般现在时，主语是she，谓语动词用三单。故填rides。 2．句意：在那里，许多孩子正等着用塑料杯、塑料袋和其他垃圾交换书籍。wait to do sth.“等着做某事”。故填to exchange。 3．句意：孩子们聚集在她的三轮车“垃圾图书馆”周围，书很快就飞了出来。此处修饰动词用副词quickly“快速地”。故填quickly。 4．句意：她每周收集大约100公斤垃圾，由她的同事分配回收。此处which指代waste，和谓语divide之间是被动关系，句子用一般现在时，主语是waste，be动词用is。故填is divided。 5．句意：她很高兴孩子们会因此花更多的时间在书上而不是在线游戏上。根据“than”可知此处用比较级more。故填more。 6．句意：处理废物有助于应对气候变化和确保地球安全。此处作be动词的表语用形容词helpful“有帮助的”。故填helpful。 7．句意：他经常在村里找垃圾。句中有谓语动词，waste和lie之间是主动关系，故此处用现在分词lying“躺”。故填lying。 8．句意：如果垃圾太多，我们的环境就会变得很脏。句子是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现，主句用一般将来时will do。故填will become。 9．句意：越来越多的人意识到更多地关注儿童阅读和保护环境是很重要的。此处是结构it’s adj. to do sth.“做某事是……的”。故填to pay。 10．句意：越来越多的人意识到更多地关注儿童阅读和保护环境是很重要的。and前后的动词形式一致，故此处用动名词protecting“保护”。故填protecting。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $