所有代词系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） Chapter1所有代词系统复习 考频分析 所有代词系统复习是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多个题型：单项 选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、短文改错1-2题。在语境理解和逻辑连贯类题目中，代 词的指代一致性、人称和数的变化以及不定代词的用法辨析常常是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对所有代词系统的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·代词分类应用：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词的辨析与 功能； ·代词指代一致：代词与所指代的名词在数、性、格上的一致，避免指代不明或歧义； ·代词特殊用法：it作形式主语/宾语、there be句型中的there、不定代词的肯定否定部分否定用法，以 及关系代词引导定语从句的句法功能。 精讲精练 知识点一：代词的分类及基础用法 ·人称代词（指代人或事物，分主格和宾格） -主格（作主语）：I/you/he/she//it/we/you/they→例句：She is a student. -宾格（作宾语）：me/you/him/her/it/us/you/them例句：My mother loves me. ·物主代词（表示所属关系，分形容词性和名词性） -形容词性（后接名词）：my/your/his/her/its/our/your/their→例句：This is my book. -名词性（独立使用，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”）：mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/yours/theirs →例句：The red pen is mine ·反身代词（指代主语本身，强调“自己”） -常见形式：m yself/yourself/him self/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/.themselves→例句：He taught himself English ·指示代词（指示人或事物） -近指：this(这个，单数)/these(这些，复数)→例句：This is a cat./These are books. -远指：hat(那个，单数)/those(那些，复数)→例句：That is a dog./Those are pens. ·不定代词（指代不确定的人或事物） -普通不定代词：some/any/no/many/much/few/little/each/every/both/all例句：I have some books. There is no water in the bottle -复合不定代词：someone/somebody/something/anyone/,anybody/anything/.no one/nobody/nothing./everyone/.every →例句：Someone is knocking at the door, ·疑问代词（用于构成疑问句，询问人或事物） -常见疑问代词：who(谁，指人，作主语)whom(谁，指人，作宾语)whose(谁的，表所属)what (什么，指物)which(哪-个，指人或物)→例句：Who is that man?/Whose bag is this?/What do you like?Which book is yours? 【即学即练】 1.【人称代词辨析】下列选项中，可作句子主语的是？ A.me B.him C.she D.them 2.【物主代词用法】请在空格处填入正确的物主代词：This book is not mine.t's一.（她的） 3.【反身代词形式】“我们自己”的英文正确形式是？ A.ourself B.ourselves C.usself D.uselves 4.【指示代词用法】比较句中替代不可数名词weather,.应使用？ A.this B.that C.these D.those 5.【不定代词主谓一致】复合不定代词everyone作主语时，谓语动词用。 语法复习|英语」人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：代词的特殊用法及易错点 ·人称代词的特殊位置 1.作表语：☐语中常用宾格（如Who is it?It'sme.),正式文体可用主格（如It was I who saw him.) 2.并列主语：第三人称单数排序为he/she/it,复数为we/you/they;承担责任时第一人称在前（如Iand Tom are to blame. 3.例句： -·-/ho called?--It was her.(☐语宾格作表语) -口She and I will attend the meeting tomorrow.(第三人称在前，第-人称在后) ·物主代词的指代一致 1.形容词性物主代词不可单独使用，必须后接名词（对比：This is my..×→This is mine.V) 2.名词性物主代词后不可接名词，可与of连用表强调（如a friend of mine我的一个朋友） 3.例句： -口These are their books.Ours are on the desk.(名词性物主代词ours独立使用) -口He is a classmate of hers,.not of yours.(双重所有格表所属范围) ·反身代词的固定搭配 1.接反身代词的动词：enjoy(玩得开心)、hurt(受伤)、teach(自学)、devote(致力于) 2.介词+反身代词：by oneself(独自)、for oneself(亲自)、to oneself(独占) 3.例句： -☐She enjoyed herself at the party last night.(enjoy oneself固定塔配) -口You must do the experiment by yourself.(by oneself表方式) ·指示代词的替代用法 1.指代上文内容用that/those,下文用this/these(如He said he would come,and this is what we are waiting for. 2.比较句中替代可数名词复数用those,不可数名词用that(如The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.) 3.例句： -口The books in this library are more interesting than those in that one.(those替代复数名词books) -口hat he told me was this:he would quit the job.(this指代下文内容) ·不定代词的主谓一致 1.复合不定代词作主语时视为单数（如Everyone is here.) 2.all/both作主语指人时谓语用复数，指物时依情况而定（如All is wel.一切顺利；All are present..所 有人到齐) 3.例句 -·Something is wrong with my computer.(复合不定代词something作主语，谓语用单数) -·Both of the answers are correct.(both指复数名词answers,谓语用复数) ·疑问代词的句法功能 1.who与whom:who可作主语/表语，whom仅作宾语（☐语中可用who替代whom) 2.what与which:what无范围限定，which用于选择范围（如Which color do you prefer,,red or blue?) 3.例句 -口hom did you meet at the station?(whom作meet的宾语，可替换为who) -口hat subjects do you study?(无范围限定，用what) 知识点三：代词的指代一致与替代规侧则 ·指代一致性原则 1.人称代词指代先行词需保持数、性、格一致（如The girl lost her bag.不可用his) 2.不定代词作主语时，代词指代需符合逻辑（如Everyone brought their books.非正式用their避免性 别争议) 3.例句： -☐Each student should hand in their homework on time.(their指代each student,.非正式用法) -口The cat is in the tree;it can't get down.(it指代单数先行词cat) ·替代词it/one/ones的区别 1.it指代上文同一事物（如I have a pen.It isred.) 2.one指代同类不同物的单数可数名词（如I need a pen;can you lend me one?) 3.ones指代同类不同物的复数可数名词（如These books are old;I want new ones..) 4.例句： -口The book is interesting,so I read it again.(it指代同-本书) -·This shirt is too small;;please show me a larger one.(one指代同类衬衫) ·关系代词的基本用法 1.who/hat指代人（先行词为人，作主语/宾语）→例句：The man who is talking is my teacher.. 2.which/that指代物（先行词为物，作主语/宾语）→例句：The book which I bought yesterday is useful. 3.whose表所属关系（先行词为人/物）→例句：This is the girl whose father is a doctor. 4.例句： -口The house that stands on the hill is mine.(that指代物，作主语) -☐Do you know the boy whose bike was stolen?(whose表所属) ·不定代词的替代功能 1.somelany可替代可数不可数名词（如I need milk;please buy some.) 2.fewla few替代可数名词，little/a little替代不可数名词→例句：There are few apples left;can you get some? 3.none可替代人/物，强调数量（如How many books are there?None.) 4例句： -口Would you like tea or coffee?Either is OK.(either替代两者中任意一个) -口He has many friends,but few are true.(few替代可数名词friends) ·形式主语/宾语t的用法 1.形式主语：lt+be+adj.+that从句todo(如It is clear that he is right.) 2.形式宾语：主语+find/think+it+adj.+todo(如I find it easy to learn English.) 3.例句 -口It is important that we study hard.(it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语) -口She thinks it necessary to practice speaking every day..(it作形式宾语，todo为真正宾语) 语法复习|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 考法一：物主代词用法辨析 ·核心：区分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，根据是否后接名词判断正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： This is not my pen.-(she)is on the desk. 一答案：Hers解析：空格后无名词，需用名词性物主代词，she的名词性物主代词为hers,句首首字母 大写。 ·真题2（完形填空）： --Is this book? --No,it isn't.Mine is in my bag. A.your B.yours C.you D.yourself -答案：A解析：空格后有名词book,需用形容词性物主代词，your为形容词性物主代词，符合语法要 求。 考法二：代词指代一致与替代词辨析 ·核心：结合上下文判断代词指代对象的单复数、所属关系及同类同一事物，正确选用it/one/ones或物 主代词 ·真题1（语法填空）： The weather in Kunming is better than_in Wuhan,and many people like to spend winter there. -答案：that解析：比较句中替代不可数名词weather用that,避免重复；it指代同一事物，ones指代 复数可数名词，均不符合语境。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -I need a new dictionary.Could you please lend me_? A.it B.one C.this D.that -答案：B解析：one指代同类不同物的单数可数名词dictionary;it指代同一事物，this/that表近指/远 指，此处无特指含义，故选B。 考法三：代词的综合运用与指代一致性 ·核心：结合不同代词类型的基本用法、特殊规则及指代一致原则，在语境中正确运用代词。 ·真题1（单项选择）： My sister has a blue dress and_likes it very much.I want to buy one like_. A.her;hers B.she;hers C.she;it D.her;it -答案：C解析：第一空在句中作主语，应用人称代词主格she;第二空指代上文提到的“a blue dress'”, 为同类不同物的单数可数名词，应用one,而it指代同一事物，此处“one like it'”表示“像它（那件 蓝色连衣裙)一样的一件”，符合语境。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -Everyone should dopart in protecting the environment.Let's start with_around us. -答案：their;things解析：第一空，不定代词everyone作主语时，指代需符合逻辑，非正式用法中常 用their表示“他们的”，do one'spat为固定搭配；第二空，指代“我们周围的事物”，用复数名词 things,.与上下文语境相符。 语法复习|英语」人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 物主代词妙招 物主代词分两种，形代名代要记清； 形代后面必加名，名代独立能单用； she的名代是hers,your形代名yours。 代词指代妙招 指代单数同类物，one替代最清楚； 同一事物用it,不可数名that补； 复数名词用ones,指代一致不含糊。 综合运用妙招 人称代词看成分，主格作主语，宾格作宾； 不定代词everyone,their指代表复数； do one'spat是固定，指代事物用things; 结合语境细分析，代词运用准又精。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My brother lost his wallet yesterday,and now he is looking for_. A.it B.one C.this D.that 2.-Is this _pencil box?-No,it isn't._is in my schoolbag. A.your;My B.yours;Mine C.your;Mine D.yours;My 3.Everyone in our class-finished-homework on time. A.has;their B.have;their C.has;his D.have;his 4.The books on this shelf are more useful than _on that shelf. A.this B.that C.these D.those 5.My parents often tell me to learn by_and not to depend on others. A.myself B.yourself C.himself D.themselves 6.-is knocking at the door?-I think it's Mike. A.What B.Who C.Whose D.Which 7.I need a new pair of shoes.The old _are too small. A.one B.ones C.it D.that 8.She bought a red dress,and _sister bought a blue_. A.her:one B.hers;one C.her;it D.hers;it 9.It's important for_to make a plan before starting the project. A.we B.us C,our D.ours 10.The weather in Beijing is colder than_in Guangzhou in winter. A.it B.one C.that D.those 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.This is not my bike.(l)is black. 2.My friends and I enjoyed_(we)at the party last night. 3.The teacher asked_(who)notebook was on the floor. 4.There are two books here.Which one is _(you)? 5.He has a new phone,and_(he)brother wants to buy one too. 6.The children are old enough to dress_(they). 7.I can't find my keys.Did you see_(they)anywhere? 8.(this)are my favorite books.I read them every day. 9.The population of China is larger than_of Japan. 10.Someone left __umbrella in the classroom.Is it yours? 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Dear Tom, I'm writing to tell you about my new school._(1)is bigger than my old one,and the teachers here are all kind.Every student has_(2)own locker,and I keep my books and sports shoes in_(3). There are many clubs in the school.I joined the music club because I like playing the guitar.My friend Lucy joined the art club,and(4)draws very well.We often help_(5)with our club activities. The library is my favorite place.The books there are more interesting than_(6)in my old school.I usually spend two hours_(7)reading after class.Everyone in the library is quiet,so_(8)is easy to focus on studying. Last week,we had a school trip to a farm.The farmers showed us how to grow vegetables.I learned that growing food is not easy,and we should never waste_(9). I miss you a lot.When will you come to visit me?Please bring_(10)favorite storybook.I want to read it again. Best wishes,Li Ming