人教版高中英语动词短语系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-高中语法复习资料（人教版） Chapter1动词短语系统复习 考频分析 动词短语是高中英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择 (23题)、完形填空(4-5题)、语法填空(1-2题)人、阅读理解（影响对上下文语义的准确把握）、书面表达 (核心考察，直接影响短语运用的地道性与表达丰富性)。在语境理解类题目中，动词短语的固定搭配、语 义辨析及语境应用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对动词短语的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖固定搭配与语境应用： ·动词短语分类与语义辨析：动词+介词（如look at,listen to)、动词+副词（如put up,take off)、动词 +名词+介词（如pay attention to,make use of)的结构特点与多义现象； ·动词短语语境应用：结合时间状语、上下文逻辑选择恰当的动词短语（如表示“放弃”用give up,“占 据”用take up),理解不同场景下的语义转换（如turn on表“打开”或“使兴奋”）； ·动词短语固定搭配与句法功能：介词后接动名词的情况（如insist on doing),及物与不及物动词短语的 宾语位置（如pick up the book/the book pick up),在复合句中作谓语、定语或状语的用法。 精讲精练 知识点一：动词短语的构成及分类 ·1.动词+副词（副词表动作方式或结果） -常见类型：turn on(打开)、give up(放弃)、put away(收拾)、look out(小W心) -例句：口Please turn on the lights.(副词on表动作方向)口She gave up smoking last year.(副词 up表动作完成) ·2.动词+介词（介词后需接宾语） -常见类型：look at(看)、listen to(听)、wait for(等待)、depend on(依靠) -例句：口He is looking at the blackboard..(介词at后接宾语the blackboard)口Ne should depend on ourselves.(介词on后接宾语ourselves) ·3.动词+副词+介词（三词固定搭配） -常见类型：come up with(提出)、look forward to(期待)、catch up with(赶上)、get along with(与 …相处) -例句：口She came up with a good idea.(up with共同构成短语义“提出")口We are looking forward to the holiday..(forward to后接宾语the holiday) ·4.动词+名词+介词（名词为短语核心成分） -常见类型：take care of(照顾)、make use of(利用)、pay attention to(注意)、lose sight of(看不见) -例句：口You should take care of your sister.(名词care为核心，of后接宾语your sister)口Ve must make use of every minute.(名词use为核心，of后接宾语every minute) 【即学即练】 1.【动词短语构成】"look forward to”属于什么类型的动词短语？ A.动词+副词 B.动词+介词 C.动词+副词+介词 D.动词+名词+介词 2.【动词+介词搭配】请在空白处填入正确的介词：Please look_the blackboard carefully 3.【动词+副词用法】下列关于”put away”的用法正确的是？ A.Please put the books away. B.Please put away the books. C.A和B都正确 D.A和B都错误 4.【动词+名词+介词搭配】"pay attention to'”中to的词性是？ A.副词 B.介词 C.连词 D.助词 5.【动词短语语义】"take up”在"He takes up too much space.”中的含义是？ A.拿起 B.占据 C.放弃 D.从事 高中|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中语法复习资料（人教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的用法及分类 ·1.动词不定式（表目的、结果、将来或固定搭配） 1.基本形式 -to+动词原形（否定式：not to+动词原形） 2.功能及例句 -作主语（常用t作形式主语，不定式后置） -To learn English well is important.(It is important to learn English well. -作宾语（接在hope,want,decide,try等动词后） -例句：She wants to go to college. -作宾补（接在ask,tell,alow,want等动词后） -例句：My mother told me not to play computer games. 一作目的状语（常位于句首或句末） -例句：He got up early to catch the first bus. -固定搭配：had better(not)do,would like to do,used to do ·2.动名词（表动作名词化，常作主语、宾语或表语） 1.基本形式 -动词原形+-ing(否定式：not+动名词) 2.功能及例句 一作主语（表示习惯性动作） -例句：Swimming is good for health -作宾语（接在enjoy,finish,practice,mind,avoid等动词后） -例句：He enjoys listening to music. -固定搭配：be used to doing(习惯于)，look forward to doing(期待)，give up doing(放弃) ·3.分词（现在分词和过去分词） 1.现在分词（主动、进行） -形式：动词原形+-ing 一功能：作定语（前置表性质，后置表主动进行）入、状语（表伴随、原因、结果） 一例句： -口The running water is clean.(前置定语，表主动) -口The girl singing in the room is my sister.(后置定语，表主动进行) -口He sat there,reading a book.(伴随状语) 2.过去分词（被动、完成） -形式：动词过去分词（规则动词加-ed,不规则动词需记忆） 一功能：作定语（表被动完成）、状语（表被动、原因）、表语（表状态） 一例句： -The broken window was repaired.(前置定语，表完成) -·The book written by Lu Xun is popular.(后置定语，表被动) -口Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful..(状语，表被动) -口He is interested in English.(表语，表状态) 知识点三：动词时态与语态 ·1.一般现在时（表经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理） 一口主动语态：主语+动词原形第三人称单数 一例句：She often reads books in the library.(经常性动作) -D被动语态：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词 -例句：English is spoken all over the world.(客观事实) -口时间标志词：always,.usually,.often,every day,,sometimes ·2.一般过去时（表过去某时发生的动作或状态） 一口主动语态：主语+动词过去式 -例句：He went to Beijing last week. -口被动语态：主语+was/were+动词过去分词 -例句：The letter was written by my brother yesterday. -口时间标志词：yesterday,last year,in2020,just now ·3.现在进行时（表现在正在进行的动作） -口主动语态：主语+am/is//are+动词-ing -例句：They are playing football on the playground. -口被动语态：主语+am/is/are+being+动词过去分词 -例句：A new bridge is being built over the river. -口时间标志词：now,at present,.look,listen ·4.现在完成时（表过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态） -O主动语态：主语+have/has-+动词过去分词 -例句：I have lived here for five years.(持续状态) -口被动语态：主语+have/has-+been+动词过去分词 -例句：The work has been finished already, -口时间标志词：already,yet,ever,never,,since,for ·5.一般将来时（表将来要发生的动作） -口主动语态：will+动词原形be going to+动词原形 -例句：Ne will have a picnic tomorrow.(计划) -口被动语态：will be+动词过去分词/be going to be+动词过去分词 -例句：A party will be held in the hall next Sunday.. -O时间标志词：tomorrow,next week,in the future ·6.过去进行时（表过去某时正在进行的动作） -D主动语态：主语+was/were+动词-ing -例句：She was watching TV at8p.m.last night. -O被动语态：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词 -例句：The room was being cleaned when I arrived. -口时间标志词：at8o'clock yesterday,this time last week ·7.过去完成时（表过去某动作之前完成的动作） 一口主动语态：主语+had+动词过去分词 -例句：He had left before I came. -口被动语态：主语+had+been+动词过去分词 -例句：The book had been sold out by the time I got to the store. -口时间标志词：by+过去时间，before+过去动作，when+过去时从句 高中|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中语法复习资料（人教版） 考法一：动词短语辨析 ·核心：根据动词短语的构成特点及语境，区分不同类型动词短语（动词+副词介词/副词+介词/名词+ 介词)并判断正确搭配 ·真题1（语法填空）： Please look_the blackboard and listen carefully -答案：at解析：由动词+介词构成的短语“look at”表示“看”，介词后需接宾语，此处宾语为“the blackboard”,故填at。 ·真题2（完形填空）： She came up_a good idea to solve the problem. A.to B.with C.for D.on -答案：B解析：“come up with”为动词+副词+介词构成的三词固定搭配，意为“提出”，符合语境 “提出一个好主意”，故选B。 考法二：动词短语与非谓语动词结合 ·核心：识别动词短语的固定搭配要求，判断其后接不定式还是动名词 ·真题1（语法填空）： She looks forward to_(meet)her pen pal from America. -答案：meeting解析："look forward to”是动词+副词+介词结构的动词短语，固定搭配要求后接动 名词作宾语，meet的动名词形式为meeting。 ·真题2（完形填空）： You should pay attention to_(listen)carefully in class. A.listen B.listens C.listening D.to listen -答案：C解析："pay attention to”是动词+名词+介词结构的动词短语，其中"to”为介词，后需接动 名词作宾语，listen的动名词形式为listening。 考法三：动词短语与非谓语动词结合的时态语态综合运用 ·核心：识别动词短语构成并判断其非谓语形式，结合时态语态语境确定正确结构（如被动语态中的过去 分词、非谓语作宾补/状语时的形式变化) ·真题1（单顶选择）： -The children were told__the toys after playing. A.put away B.to put away C.putting away D.putted away 一答案：B解析：动词短语"out away”意为”收拾”，此处为'tell sb.to do sth.”的被动结构”sb.be told to do sth”,需用动词不定式作主语补足语，故选B。 ·真题2（语法填空）： Our teacher suggested_(look forward to)the coming sports meeting. -答案：looking forward to解析：动词短语"look forward to”中"to”为介词，后接动名词；”suggest doing sth.”为固定搭配，故填looking forward to。 高中|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中语法复习资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 动词短语辨析妙招 动词短语看构成，副词介词要分清； 动副短语可拆分，动介搭配须固定； 三词短语记整体，语境匹配是关键； 名词介词在中间，固定搭配记心间。 动词短语非谓结合妙招 动短非谓看搭配，to为介词跟动名； 不定式作补语时，tell ask后接todo; 被动语态变主补，to字千万不能丢； suggest后接doing,短语整体要牢记。 动词短语时态语态综合妙招 动短被动看结构，be加done莫忘记； tell sb to do变被动，sb be told to do sth; 非谓作补看主动，被动语态to还原； suggest doing接短语，整体使用动名形。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.We should depend__ourselves to solve the problem. A.in B.on C.at D.for 2.My mother told me_too much time playing video games A.not to spend B.to not spend C.not spend D.don't spend 3.The projectby the end of last month A.has been finished B.will be finished B.had been finished D.was finished 4.He enjoys_music while doing homework A.listen to B.listening to C.to listen to D.listened to 5.Please_the lights when you leave the room. A.turn off B.turn on C.turn up D.turn down 6.They are looking forward tothe Great Wall next summer. A.visit B.visits C.visiting D.visited 7.A new hospital_in our city now. A.is building B.is being built C.was built D.will be built 8.Shea good idea after thinking for a long time. A.came up to B.came up with C.came out of D.came over to 9.You must pay attention tothe teacher carefully in class. A.listen to B.listening to C.to listen to D.listened to 10.By the time we arrived,the meeting-_for half an hour. A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was on 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She decided_(study)abroad next year. 2.The old man was seen_(walk)slowly in the park yesterday. 3.We have_(put away)all the books on the shelf. 4.This song is worth _(listen)to again. 5.The letter(write)by my brother last night 6.He got up early_(catch)the first bus. 7.My parents always tell me to take caremy little sister. 8.The work(finish)already,so we can go home now. 9.They practiced_(speak)English every morning. 10.I_(wait for)you at the school gate at 8 o'clock tomorrow 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） When I was in high school,my English teacher often told us,"(learn)a language requires practice every day."She encouraged us-(read)English newspapers and_(watch)English movies.One day, she asked us to come up__a plan to improve our speaking skills.Most students suggested_(have)a weekly English corner. At first,I was nervous about _(speak)in front of others.However,with the teacher's help,I gradually got used to_(express)my ideas in English.Last term,our class-(choose)to take part in a school speech contest.I spent weeks_(prepare)for it and finally won the first prize. Now,I realize that the key to leaming English well is_(keep)practicing.Even small efforts every day can make a big difference. 参老答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.A3.C4.B5.A6.C7.B8.B9.B10.C 演练二：填空 1.to study 2.walking 3.put away 4.listening 5.was written 6.to catch 7.of 8.has been finished 9.speaking 10.will wait for 演练三：语法填空 1.Learning 2.to read 3.watch 4.with 5.having 6.speaking 7.expressing 8.was chosen 9.preparing 10.to keep 高中|英语|人教版