定语从句系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） Chapter1定语从句系统复习 考频分析 定语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型：阅读理解（长 难句分析基础)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1-2题)、短文改错(1-2题)。在复杂句式理解与构建类 题目中，定语从句的关系词选择、限定与非限定用法及句式转换往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·l导词选用：关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)与关系副词(when、where、why)的指 代对象及句法功能辨析； ·限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、语义差异及引导词选择(that不可用于非限定性定 语从句)； ·特殊用法：介词+关系代词（如in which、with whom)的搭配规则，as引导定语从句的固定句式(such…as、 the same…as),以及先行词为不定代词/序数词/最高级时that的优先使用。 精讲精练 知识点一：定语从句的基本结构及分类 ·定语从句的构成（修饰名词代词，通常位于先行词后） 一基本结构：先行词+关系词（关系代词/关系副词）+从句 -例句：口I like the book which you bought yesterday..(先行词the book,关系代词which在从句中作 宾语)口This is the city where I was born.(先行词the city,关系副词where在从句中作地点状语) ·关系代词的用法（指代先行词，在从句中作主语宾语定语） -指人：who(主格/宾格)、whom(宾格)、whose(所有格)→例句：口The girl who is singing is my sister..(who作主语)☐The man whom you met yesterday is our teacher..(whom作宾语)☐This is the student whose parents are doctors.(whose作定语) -指物：which、that→例句：口The car which was stolen has been found.(which作主语)口Idon't like the movie that he recommended.(that作宾语) ·关系副词的用法（指代先行词，在从句中作状语） -when(时间状语)：I still remember the day when we first met. -where(地点状语)：This is the park where we used to play.. -why(原因状语)：Tell me the reason why you were late. ·限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 -限制性（不可省略，无逗号隔开）：The student who studies hardest will win the prize -非限制性（可省略，有逗号隔开，补充说明）：ly brother,who is a doctor,,lives in Beijing 【即学即练】 1.【基本结构】定语从句的核心构成部分不包括以下哪一项？ A.先行词 B.关系词 C.从句 D.连接词and 2.【关系代词】指人且在从句中作宾语时，可用的关系代词是 3.【关系副词】先行词为"the reason”时，对应的关系副词是？ A.when B.where C.why D.which 4.【从句类型】判断句子"My sister,,who is a nurse,works in a hospital.”属于哪种定语从句？ A.限制性定语从句 B.非限制性定语从句 C.同位语从句 D.状语从句 5.【关系代词用法】关系代词whose在从句中作 可指代人或物的所属关系。 语法复习|英语」人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：定语从句的特殊用法与难点突破 ·关系代词that的特殊用法（避免重复或固定搭配） 1.只能用that的情况 -先行词被all/every/no/.some/any/little/few/much等限定词修饰时；先行词被序数词(frst/second)、 形容词最高级(the tallest)或the only/the very/the same修饰时；先行词既有人又有物时 -例句：口All the books that you lent me are interesting.(先行词被all修饰，用that)This is the first movie that I have watched this month.(先行词被序数词frst修饰，用that)口Ve talked about the teachers and schools that we visited last week.(先行词既有人又有物，用that) 2.不能用that的情况 -非限制性定语从句中（指人用who/whom,指物用which);介词后（指人用whom,指物用which) -例句：口My father,.who is a driver,often works late..(非限制性定语从句，指人用who)口The house in which I lived last year has been sold.(介词in后，指物用which) ·as与which的区别（引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容） 1.as引导的从句可位于句首句中/句末，意为“正如”，常见搭配：as we know(正如我们所知)、as is reported(正如报道的那样) -例句：口As we all know,the earth is round.(as位于句首，指代主句内容)He failed the exam, as was expected.(as位于句末，意为“正如预料的那样”) 2.whch引导的从句只能位于句末，意为“这一点这件事”，可指代主句全句或部分内容 -例句：He passed the exam,which made his parents very happy.(which位于句末，指代“他 通过考试”这件事) ·定语从句的省略现象（关系代词作宾语时可省略） -关系代词在从句中作宾语（指人用who/whom,指物用which/.that)时可省略 -例句：☐The book(which/that)you bought yesterday is very popular.(which/that作bought的宾 语，可省略)口The girl(whom/who)he met last week is his classmate.(whom/who作met的宾语， 可省略) ·“介词+关系代词”结构（关系代词作介词宾语，介词可提前或后置） 1.介词提前时，指人用whom,指物用which,不可用hat -结构：先行词+介词+hom/which+从句 -例句：☐The man with whom you talked just now is my uncle.(with提前，指人用whom;talk with sb.与某人交谈)口This is the room in which I used to live.(in提前，指物用which;live in the room住在房间里) 2.介词后置时，关系代词可用whom/which/that(that可省略) -例句：The man(whom/who/.that)you talked with just now is my uncle.(with后置，whom/who/that 可省略)☐This is the room(vhich/that)I used to live in.(in后置，which/that可省略) ·whose的用法拓展（指代“先行词的”，可转换为“of which/whom+the+名词”结构） 1.基本用法：hose+名词（在从句中作定语，指人/物均可） -例句：口This is the girl whose father is a scientist..(whose指“女孩的”，后接名词father)口l bought a book whose cover is blue.(whose指“书的”，后接名词cover) 2.转换结构：the+名词+of which/whom -例句：☐This is the girl the father of whom is a scientist.(=whose father)I bought a book the cover of which is blue.(whose cover) 知识点三：定语从句的常见错误类型及解题技巧 ·关系词与先行词的匹配错误（高频易错） 一关系代词与关系副词混用： This is the village where we visited Hlast-year.-This is the village which/that we visited last year.(isit为及物动词，需用关系代词which/.that作宾语) IstilH remember the day which we first met.-I still remember the day when we first met.(met 为不及物动词，需用关系副词when作时间状语) -关系代词指代不明： He has twe sons,and both of which are doetors.-He has two sons,and both of them are doctors.(逗号后为并列句，需用them代替which) The book,which Ibought it yesterday,is very interesting.-The book,which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.(which已指代先行词book,it多余) ·介词+关系代词的灵活运用（高考重点） 一根据从句动词搭配选介词： *The girl with whom he talked just now is my classmate.(talk with sb.与某人交谈) *This is the tool with which he repaired the bike.(repair sth.with用…修理) -根据先行词搭配选介词： *I will never forget the day on which I joined the Party..(on the day在那天) *The house in which he lives is very beautiful.(in the house在房子里) -“介词+关系代词”与关系副词的转换： The factory where he works The factory in which he works.(where=in which) The reason why he was late =The reason for which he was late.(why=for which) ·定语从句与其他从句的区分（易混考点） 一定语从句与强调句的区分： *It is the house where I lived1 0 years ago.(定语从句，where作状语，可替换为in which) *It is in the house that I lived10 years ago.(强调句，去掉tis.that后句子完整) 一定语从句与同位语从句的区分： *The news that he told me is true.(定语从句，that作宾语，可省略) *The news that he will come is true.(同位语从句，that无意义，不可省略，解释news内容) 一定语从句与状语从句的区分： *I will never forget the day when I met you.(定语从句，先行词为the day) *I was reading a book when he came in..(时间状语从句，when意为“当…时候”) ·高老真题链接（典型例题解析） -真题1：(2023●全国甲卷)The photo_I took in the park yesterday has won a prize. A.who B.which C.where D.what -解析：先行词the photo指物，从句中took后缺宾语，用关系代词which,选B。 -真题2：(2022●新高考|卷)My brother,Lis a teacher,often helps me with my English. A.which B.who C.whom D.whose -解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词my brother指人，从句中缺主语，用who,选B。 -真题3：(2021●折江卷)We visited the museum_we saw many ancient artifacts, A.which B.that C.where D.when -解析：先行词the museum指地点，从句中saw后不缺宾语，用关系副词where作地点状语，选C。 语法复习」英语」人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 考法一：关系代词与关系副词的辨析 ·核心：根据先行词在从句中的成分（主语/宾语/状语），判断使用关系代词(who/whom/which/that/whose) 或关系副词(when/where/why) ·真题1（语法填空）： This is the school _I studied 10 years ago -答案：where解析：先行词the school指地点，从句中studied为不及物动词(study in the school), 关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -The girl_won the competition is my best friend. A.which B.who C.where D.what -答案：B解析：先行词the girl指人，从句中缺主语，需用关系代词who,which指物，where作状语， what不引导定语从句，故选B。 考法二：关系词选择与从句类型判断 ·核心：结合先行词特征、从句成分及限制性非限制性定语从句特点，综合判断关系代词或关系副词的正 确使用 ·真题1（语法填空）： The novel,-was written by a famous writer,has been translated into 20 languages. -答案：which解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词the novel指物，且关系词在从句中作主语， 非限制性定语从句中不能用that,故用which。. ·真题2（完形填空）： This is the most interesting story_I have ever read A.which B.that C.who D.what -答案：B解析：先行词story被形容词最高级the most interesting修饰，根据知识点二关系代词that 的特殊用法，此时只能用hat引导定语从句。 考法三：定语从句综合运用与特殊结构辨析 ·核心：结合关系代词副词的基本用法、特殊结构（如”介词+关系代词”、as与which区别）及常见错 误类型，综合判断定语从句的正确形式 ·真题1（单顶选择）： -The village_my grandparents lived for 50 years has changed a lot,_makes me feel proud. A.where;which B.which;that C.that;as D.in which;what -答案：A解析：第一空先行词”village'”表地点，从句中"ived”为不及物动词，需用关系副词where(或 in which)作地点状语；第二空为非限制性定语从句，指代主句内容”村庄变化大”，用which引导且只 能位于句末。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The dictionary__cover is red was a birthday gift from my teacher,with_help I improved my vocab- ulary a lot. -答案：hose;whose解析：第一空先行词"dictionary'”与"cover'”为所属关系，用whose作定语；第 二空"with one's help”为固定搭配，先行词teacher'”与"help”为所属关系，仍用whose引导”介词+ 关系代词”结构。 语法复习|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.The man_is wearing a blue shirt is our new teacher. A.which B.who C.where D.when 2.This is the parkwe had a picnic last Sunday. A.which B.that C.where D.what 3.I still remember the day_I first met my best friend A.which B.when C.that D.what 4.The book_cover is red was written by Mo Yan A.which B.who C.whose D.where 5.This is the most exciting movie_I have ever watched. A.which B.that C.who D.what 6.My sister,_is a doctor,works in a hospital in Shanghai. A.which B.who C.that D.whom 7.The students_are from Class 3 will take part in the competition. A.which B.who C.where D.when 8.We visited the village_my grandparents lived 50 years ago. A.which B.that C.where D.what 9.The reason-he was late for school is that he missed the bus. A.which B.why C.that D.when 10.The girl with__you talked just now is my cousin. A.whom B.who C.which D.that 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.This is the house_I was born. 2.The boy_is standing over there is my brother. 3.I don't like the song_they are singing now. 4.The teacher __class we attended yesterday is very kind. 5.This is the first English novel_I have read this year. 6.My father,-is a engineer,often works overtime. 7.The city_we used to live is very beautiful. 8.The students_homework was checked by the teacher are from Grade 10. 9.I will never forget the day_I received the admission letter. 10.The book__you lent me last week is very interesting. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） I live in a small town_(1)has a long history.The town square,-(2)is surrounded by old buildings,is the center of our community.Every weekend,I visit the bookstore_(3)my mother used to work when she was young.The owner of the bookstore,_(4)is an old man in his seventies,always tells me stories about the town. Last month,I met a girl_(5)father is a history teacher.She showed me a photo_(6)was taken 100 years ago.In the photo,there was a school_(7)my grandfather studied.The school,_(8)was built in 1920.is still in use today. I also visited the museum_(9)we can learn about the town's past.The guide_(10)we met there told us many interesting facts. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.B4.C5.B6.B7.B8.C9.B10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.where 2.who/that 3.which/that 4.whose 5.that 6.who 7.where 8.whose 9.when 10.which/that 演练三：语法填空 1.which/that 2.which 3.where 4.who 5.whose 6.which/that 7.where 8.which 9.where 10.whom/who/that 语法复习|英语|人教版