12种基础时态与被动语态-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） Chapter112种基础时态与被动语态 考频分析 12种基础时态与被动语态是高中英语语法的重点模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心 题型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子时态准确 性与语态合理性。在语境理解类题目中，时态的时间状语提示、语态的动作承受关系判断往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对12种基础时态与被动语态的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·时态结构与构成：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将 来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时的基本构成（含 肯定式、否定式、疑问式)及标志性时间状语； ·时态语境辨析：不同时态在时间概念、动作状态（完成、进行、持续等）上的区别，结合具体语境（如 时间状语、上下文逻辑)选择正确时态； ·被动语态应用：各时态被动语态的构成(be动词+过去分词)，主动语态与被动语态的转换规则，被动 语态在不同语境（如强调动作承受者、未知执行者等）中的使用。 精讲精练 知识点一：12种基础时态与被动语态 ·1.一般现在时 -主动结构：主语+动词原形三单(VN-s) -被动结构：主语+amis/are+过去分词(V-ed) -例句：口She cleans the room every day..(主动)口The room is cleaned by her every day.(被动) ·2.一般过去时 -主动结构：主语+动词过去式(V-ed) -被动结构：主语+was/were+过去分词(V-ed) -例句：☐He finished the work yesterday.(主动)The work was finished by him yesterday.(被动) ·3.一般将来时 -主动结构：主语+wil/shall+-动词原形be going to+动词原形 -被动结构：主语+wil/shall be+过去分词/be going to be+过去分词 -例句：口They will build a bridge next year.(主动)口A bridge will be built by them next year..(被动) ·4.现在进行时 -主动结构：主语+am/is/are+现在分词(V-ing) -被动结构：主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词(-ed) -例句：口She is writing a letter now.(主动)口A letter is being written by her now.(被动) ·5.过去进行时 -主动结构：主语+was/were+现在分词(V-ing) -被动结构：主语+was/were-+being+过去分词(V-ed) -例句：☐He was reading a book at8p.m.last night.(主动)☐A book was being read by him at8 p.m.last night..(被动) ·6.将来进行时 -主动结构：主语+will be+现在分词(V-ing) -被动结构：主语+will be being+过去分词(V-ed)(注：被动语态较少使用) -例句：☐I will be studying at9p.m.tomorrow.(主动) ·7.现在完成时 -主动结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(V-ed) -被动结构：主语+have/has been+过去分词(V-ed) -例句：☐They have completed the project.(主动)☐The project has been completed by them.(被 动) ·8.过去完成时 -主动结构：主语+had+过去分词(V-ed) -被动结构：主语+had been+过去分词(V-ed) -例句：He had left before I arrived.(主动)口The room had been cleaned before I came in.(被动) ·9.将来完成时 -主动结构：主语+will have+过去分词(V-ed) -被动结构：主语+will have been+过去分词(V-ed) -例句：We will have finished the task by next Friday..(主动)口The task will have been finished by us by next Friday..(被动) ·0.现在完成进行时 -主动结构：主语+have/has been+现在分词(V-ing) -被动结构：（极少使用，通常用现在完成时被动代替） -例句：☐She has been teaching English for10 years..(主动) ·11.过去完成进行时 -主动结构：主语+had been+现在分词(V-ing)》 一被动结构：（极少使用，通常用过去完成时被动代替） -例句：口He had been waiting for2 hours before the bus came.(主动) ·12.将来完成进行时 -主动结构：主语+will have been-+现在分词(-ing) 一被动结构：（几乎不用） -例句：☐They will have been working here for5 years by next month..(主动) 【即学即练】 1.【一般现在时被动】The classroom_(clean)by students every day. 2.【现在进行时被动】A new bridge_(build)in our city now. A.builds B.is building C.is being built D.will be built 3.【现在完成时Vs一般过去时】选择正确的时态： ·She(teach)here for10 years..(现在完成时) ·She_(teach)here in2015.(-般过去时) 4.【被动语态结构】一般过去时被动语态的结构是：主语+_+一（过去分词） A.am/is/are;being B.was/were; C.will be; D.have/has been; 5.【情态动词被动】The work_(should finish)yesterday.(用被动语态完成句子) 语法复习|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：时态与被动语态难点辨析 ·1.现在完成时Vs一般过去时 一核心区别：现在完成时强调“过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在”，一般过去时仅表示“过去发生 目且已结束的动作” 一对比例句： *现在完成时：She has taught here for10 years.(强调从过去持续到现在的教书状态) *一般过去时：She taught here in2015.(仅说明2015年发生的动作，与现在无关) 一被动语态对比： *现在完成时被动：The course has been taught by her for10 years. *一般过去时被动：The course was taught by her in2015. ·2.过去完成时Vs一般过去时 一核心区别：过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，必须有另一个过去动作作为参照；一般过去时表示“单纯 过去” 一对比例句： *过去完成时：He told me he had seen the movie.(“看电影”发生在“告诉”之前) *一般过去时：He told me he saw the movie.(“看电影”与“告诉”可能同时或无明确先后) 一被动语态对比： *过去完成时被动：He said the movie had been seen by him. *一般过去时被动：He said the movie was seen by him. ·3.主动表被动的特殊情况 -感官动词：The cloth feels soft.(feel主动形式表被动意义“被感觉”) -系动词：The food tastes delicious.(taste主动形式表被动意义“被品尝”) -动词短语：The book sells well.(sell主动形式表被动意义“被销售”) -不及物动词无被动：The accident happened yesterday.(happen为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态) ·4.时态与时间状语的匹配错误 -错误示例：I have met him yesterday.(现在完成时不可与yesterday连用) -正t确表达：I met him yesterday./I have met him before. -错误示例：He is reading the book an hour ago.(现在进行时不可与an hour ago连用) -正确表达：He was reading the book an hour ago. ·5.被动语态的省略与还原 -省略by短语：The bridge was built in2010.(不强调动作执行者时省略bysb.) -还原被动结构：A letter is written.→Somebody writes a letter..(被动句还原为主动句需补充主语) -双宾语被动：He gave me a gift.I was given a gift./A gift was given to me.(间接宾语和直接宾语均 可作被动句主语) ·6.将来时的三种表达区别 -will do:表纯粹将来或临时决定→I will help you.(I临时决定帮忙) -be going to do:表计划或有迹象表明→t is going to rain.(有下雨迹象) -be to do:表按计划安排的正式动作→The meeting is to start at3p.m.(正式会议安排) 一被动语态对比： *The project will be finished.(纯粹将来) *The project is going to be finished.(计划中) *The project is to be finished.(正式安排) ·7.完成进行时与完成时的区别 -现在完成进行时：强调动作持续进行→She has been writing the report..(可能还在写) -现在完成时：强调动作完成或结果→She has written the report.(已完成) -过去完成进行时：He had been waiting for2 hours when she arrived.(持续等待的过程) -过去完成时：He had waited for2 hours when she arrived.(强调等待的结果) 知识点三：情态动词与被动语态 ·1.can/could(能力/许可/可能性) 一基础用法与被动结构： *表能力（主动）：He can speak three languages.(他会说三种语言) *被动结构：Three languages can be spoken by him. *表许可（主动）：You could leave early yesterday.(昨天你可以早走) *被动结构：Early leave could be allowed yesterday. *表可能性（主动）：The book can't be in the drawer.(书不可能在抽屉里) *被动结构：（可能性无被动形式） *固定搭配：can't help doing(忍不住做)→She can't help laughing at the joke ·2.may/might(许可/可能性) 一基础用法与被动结构： *表许可（主动）：You may use my phone.(你可以用我的手机) *被动结构：ly phone may be used by you. *表可能性（主动）：It might rain tomorrow.(明天可能下雨) *被动结构：Rain might be expected tomorrow. *特殊用法：may as well do(不妨做)→Ve may as well start now.(我们不妨现在开始) *过去可能性：He might have finished the work.(他可能已经完成了工作) ·3.must/have to(必须不得不) 一基础用法与被动结构： *must表主观必须（主动）：I must finish the report today.(我今天必须完成报告) *被动结构：The report must be finished today. *have to表客观必须（主动）：She has to take the bus to work.(她不得不坐公交上班) *被动结构：The bus has to be taken to work by her.. *mustn't表禁止（主动）：You mustn't smoke here.(禁止在此吸烟) *被动结构：Smoking mustn't be allowed here. *推测用法：This must be his pen.(这一定是他的笔) ·4.should/ought to(应该建议) 一基础用法与被动结构： *表建议（主动）：You should wear a coat.(你应该穿外套) *被动结构：A coat should be worn by you *表责任（主动）：We ought to help the poor..(我们应该帮助穷人) *被动结构：The poor ought to be helped by us. *虚拟语气：You should have told me.(你本该告诉我) *被动虚拟：The work should have been done yesterday.(这项工作本该昨天完成) ·5.wil/would(意愿/习惯) 一基础用法与被动结构： *wil表意愿（主动）：I will help you.(我愿意帮你) *被动结构：You will be helped by me. *would表过去习惯（主动）：He would read aloud in the morning.(他过去常晨读) *被动结构：Reading aloud would be done by him in the morning. *委婉请求：Would you pass the salt?(能把盐递给我吗？) *意志坚持：He will keep trying.(他会坚持尝试) ·6.need/dare(需要/敢于) 一基础用法与被动结构： *need作情态动词（主动）：You needn't come early.(你不必早来) *被动结构：Early coming needn't be done by you. *need作实义动词（主动）：Ne need to buy milk.(我们需要买牛奶) *被动结构：Milk needs to be bought by us. *dare作情态动词（主动）：She dare not speak in public.(她不敢当众讲话) *被动结构：Public speaking dare not be done by her.. *dare作实义动词：He dares to climb the mountain.(他敢爬山) ·7.had better(最好) 一基础用法与被动结构： *肯定形式（主动）：You had better start now.(你最好现在开始) *被动结构：Starting had better be done now. *否定形式（主动）：You had better not go alone.(你最好不要独自去) *被动结构：Going alone had better not be done. *简略形式：You'd better finish it.(你最好完成它) *被动简略：It'd better be finished.(它最好被完成) ·8.used to(过去常常) 一基础用法与被动结构： *肯定形式（主动）：He used to live here.(他过去住在这里) *被动结构：Here used to be lived in by him *否定形式（主动）：I didn't use to like coffee.(我过去不喜欢咖啡) *被动结构：Coffee didn't use to be liked by me *疑问形式：Used he to play football?(他过去常踢足球吗？) *对比used to与be used to:He used to smoke..(过去常吸烟)vs He is used to smoking.(习惯吸 烟) 语法复习|英语引人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 考法一：被动语态结构辨析 ·核心：根据主动句时态及动作逻辑，判断并还原正确的被动语态结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： -A new hospital_(build)in our city now.The construction will be finished next year. -答案：is being built解析：由时间标志词"now”可知动作正在进行，主语"hospita”与"build'”为被动关 系，现在进行时被动结构为”amis/are being+过去分词”，主语为三单，故填is being built。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -Many trees_on the hill every spring. A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.were planted -答案：C解析：由时间标志词"every spring”可知为一般现在时，主语"'trees'”与"plant'”为被动关系，一 般现在时被动结构为”am /is/are+过去分词”，主语为复数，故填are planted。 考法二：时态与被动语态综合运用 ·核心：结合动作的时间特征与主被动关系，判断时态与语态的正确组合 ·真题1（语法填空）： The old temple(build)in the 18th century and it_(repair)now. -答案：was built is being repaired解析：第一空由时间标志词”in the18 th century'”可知动作发生在过 去，且寺庙被建造，用一般过去时被动语态；第二空由”ow”可知动作正在进行，且寺庙被维修，用 现在进行时被动语态。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -A new bridge_across the river by the end of next year A.will build B.has been built C.will have been built D.is being built -答案：C解析：由时间标志词”by the end of next year'”可知动作将在将来完成，且桥被建造，用将来 完成时被动语态。 考法三：时态、情态动词与被动语态的综合运用 ·核心：结合语境判断时态与情态动词，正确使用被动语态的复合结构（情态动词+b+过去分词时态助 动词+be+过去分词) ·真题1（单顶选择）： -The meeting_because of the heavy rain,so we have to wait for the notice. A.must be put off B.should put off C.might have been put off D.has put off 一答案：C解析：主语“the meeting”是动作“put off”的承受者，需用被动语态，排除B、D;由have to wait'”可知会议推迟是对过去情况的推测，用“might have been+过去分词”结构，must表“必 须”不符合语境，故选C。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -This kind of food(should not eat)before the main course.It is usually served as dessert. -答案：should not be eaten解析：主语“food”是动作“eat”的承受者，用被动语态；情态动词“should not”后接be+过去分词”，eat的过去分词为eaten,故填should not be eaten. 语法复习|英语」人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境； 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带“be和done”; 被动中be最关键，人称时态跟着变； 情态动词加“be done”,推测过去have been done”; 一现被动“amis/are+done”,一过被动“was/were+done”; 进行被动being done”,完成被动“have/has/had been done”; 将来完成“will have been done”,时态语态结合准。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The Olympic Games_every four years. A.hold B.held C.are held D.were held 2.By the time we arrived,the meeting -for 10 minutes. A.has begun B.had begun C.has been on D.had been on 3.A new library_in our school now and it will open next term. A.builds B.is building C.is being built D.will be built 4.The book_into Chinese by many translators since 2005. A.translates B.translated C.has translated D.has been translated 5.You_to attend the meeting tomorrow afternoon.