主谓一致系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1主谓一致系统复习 考频分析 主谓一致是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（基础考察，影响句子语法正确性）。在语境 理解类题目中，主谓一致的语法规则及主语单复数判断往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对主谓一致的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础规则与特殊用法： ·语法规则应用：语法一致原则（主语为单数/复数时谓语动词的形式匹配）、意义一致原则（集体名词等 根据实际含义确定谓语单复数)、就近一致原则(there be句型、not only..but also..等结构中谓语与最 近主语保持一致)； ·特殊主语搭配：不可数名词、专有名词、复数形式单数意义名词、不定代词作主语时的谓语形式，以及 并列主语(and连接、or连接等)的主谓一致规则； ·语境与句式：疑问句、否定句、倒装句、强调句等特殊句式中的主谓一致，以及时态、语态结合下的主 谓一致应用。 精讲精练 知识点一：主谓一致的基本原侧及应用场景 ·1.语法一致原则（主语与谓语单复数形式一致） -核心规则：单数主语（第三人称单数不可数名词/单数代词）搭配单数谓语；复数主语（名词复数复 数代词)搭配复数谓语 -例句：口The girl plays the piano every day.(单数主语+单数谓语)口These books belong to the library.(复数主语+复数谓语) ·2.意义一致原侧（根据主语实际意义判断单复数） -常见情况：集合名词表整体时单数（如family/team),表成员时复数；不定代词(everyone/someone) 表单数，both/few表复数 -例句：My family is going on a trip.(强调整体，单数谓语)口The police are searching for the thief. (强调成员，复数谓语) ·3.就近一致原则（谓语单复数由最近主语决定） -适用结构：there be句型、not only..but also.、either..or.、neither.nor..连接并列主语时 -例句：口There is a pen and two books on the desk.(就近主语apen为单数)Neither you nor he is right.(就近主语he为单数) ·4.特殊主语的主谓一致 -难点类型：不可数名词抽象名词（谓语单数）；时间/距离金额等复数形式表整体概念（谓语单数）；动 名词不定式作主语（谓语单数） -例句：口Physics is my favorite subject..(不可数名词单数)口Two hours is enough for the exam.(复 数形式表整体)口Swimming keeps us healthy.(动名词作主语) 【即学即练】 1.【语法-致原则】Which sentence is correct according to the grammatical concord principle? A.The boy play football every day. B.The boy plays football every day. C.These boy play football every day. D.These boys plays football every day. 2.【意义一致原则】My family_(be)a big one.(强调整体，填写be动词的正确形式) 3.【就近一致原则】Neither she nor I_(be)late for school today.(填写be动词的正确形式) 4.【特殊主语主谓一致】Two thousand yuan_(be)a lot of money for me.(填写be动词的正确形式) 5.【集体名词用法】"police”作为集体名词，表成员时谓语动词用 数，表整体时用 数。 语法复习|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：定语从句核心考点 ·1.关系代词引导的定语从句（修饰人物，作主语宾语定语） -口关系代词分类及用法 *who(指人，作主语/宾语)、whom(指人，作宾语)、which(指物，作主语/宾语)、that(指人/物， 作主语/宾语，禁用情况：介词后/非限制性定语从句)、whos(指人物，作定语，表“.…的”) -0例句 *口The girl who is standing under the tree is my sister..(who指人，作主语，先行词为the girl) *This is the book which I borrowed from the library.(which指物，作宾语，先行词为the book) *口He is the boy whose father is a doctor..(whose指人，作定语，修饰father,先行词为the boy) ·2.关系副词引导的定语从句（修饰时间地点原因，作状语） 一口关系副词分类及用法 *when(指时间，先行词为时间名词，相当于“介词+which”)、where(指地点，先行词为地点名词， 相当于“介词+which”)、why(指原因，先行词为reason,相当于“for which”) -0例句 *口I still remember the day when I first met her.(when指时间，先行词为the day,作时间状语) *口This is the school where|studied five years ago.(where指地点，先行词为the school,作地点 状语) *The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus..(hy指原因，先行词为the reason,作 原因状语) ·3.限制性与非限制性定语从句（语法功能与标点区别） 一口区别特征 *限制性：无逗号，修饰不可省略，去掉后句意不完整；非限制性：有逗号，补充说明，去掉后句意 仍完整，不能用that引导 -口例句 *口My brother who works in Beijing is coming back.(限制性，特指“在北京工作的哥哥”，非唯一) *口My brother,,who works in Beijing,is coming back.(非限制性，补充说明“哥哥在北京工作”，哥 哥唯一) ·4.特殊考点：“介词+关系代词”结构（复杂搭配与固定用法） 一口介词确定方法 *根据先行词搭配（如the house in which I live)、根据从句动词搭配（如the girl with whom he talked)、 根据句意逻辑（如the reason for which he left) -0例句 *口This is the farm on which my father worked for20 years.(on与先行词farm搭配，“在农场") *口He is the student about whom the teacher is talking.(about与从句动词talk搭配，“谈论.") *☐The tool with which he repaired the car is very useful..(with与从句动词repair搭配，“用工具") 知识点三：名词性从句 ·1.主语从句（引导词选择及语序规则） -核心引导词分类： *that(无意义，不充当成分，不可省略)→例句：That she passed the exam surprised everyone. *口whether/if(表“是否”，不可省略，if不用于句首介词后)→例句：hether he will come tom orrow is unknown. *口连接代词(what/who/which/whose/whatever等，充当主宾表定)→例句：hat he said made me angry. *口连接副词(when/where/why/how,充当状语)→例句：How we can solve the problem is still a question. 一语序规侧（高频易错）： *陈述语序（引导词+主语+谓语）→错误：When will he come is uncertain.正确：When he will come is uncertain. ·2.宾语从句（时态呼应与否定转移） -时态呼应规则（三情况）： *口主句现在时，从句任意时→例句：She says she went to Paris last year. *口主句过去时，从句用过去相关时态（真理用现在时）→例句：He told me the earth goes around the sun. *口从句表将来，可用“情态动词+do”→例句：I hope I can finish it on time. -否定转移现象（高频考点）： *主句动词为think/believe/suppose等，否定词转移至主句→例句：Idon't think he will agree.(非 I think he won't agree) ·3.表语从句（引导词与常见固定句型） 一基础引导词用法： *that(无意义，不可省)→The fact is that he lied to us. *whether(不省，不用if)→The question is whether we should go. *what/how等（表具体内容）→This is what I want to say. -固定句型搭配（高考必背）： *☐The reason is that..(原因是…)→例句：The reason for his absence is that he was ill.. *That'swhy.(那就是…的原因)→例句：He missed the bus.That's why he was late. *口It seems that...(似乎…)→例句：It seems that it will rain soon. ·4.同位语从句（与定语从句的区别） -本质区别（语法功能）： *同位语从句：解释先行词内容(that不充当成分)→例句：The news that our team won excited everyone.(that不做成分) *定语从句：修饰先行词(that充当成分)→例句：The news that he told me is true.(that作宾语) -常考先行词（高频清单）： *news/idea/fact/promise/question/doubt/belief→例旬：I have no idea when he will return 语法复习|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：主谓一致基本原则应用 ·核心：根据主语的语法形式、意义或就近原则，判断谓语动词的单复数形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -Neither my parents nor my brother_(be)interested in playing football.They prefer basketball -答案：is解析：根据就近一致原则，neither.nor.连接并列主语时，谓语单复数由最近的主语决定； 最近主语“my brother?”为第三人称单数，故be动词用is。 ·真题2（单项选择）： The police_searching for the thief in the neighborhood now. A.is B.are C.was D.were -答案：B解析：集合名词“police”表成员时视为复数，且句中“now”提示用现在进行时，故谓语用 复数形式are。 考法二：定语从句与主谓一致融合考查 ·核心：分析定语从句中关系代词指代的先行词单复数，结合主谓一致原则确定从句谓语形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： The team which_(win)the championship last year is training hard now. -答案：won解析：先行词为the team,关系代词which指代team在从句中作主语。由时间标志词"last year”可知从句用一般过去时，win的过去式为won。 ·真题2（单项选择）： He is one of the students who_often late for school. A.is B.are C.was D.be -答案：B解析：先行词为the students(复数)，关系代词who指代students在从句中作主语，根据 语法一致原则，谓语动词用复数形式are。 考法三：名词性从句中主谓一致与定语从句的综合运用 ·核心：识别名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句）中的主谓一致规则，同时准确判断从句内嵌套定语从 句的引导词及关系代词/副词在从句中的成分 ·真题1（单项选择）： -_the team won the championship surprised all the fans,because the players_were considered weak before the game showed great courage. A.That;who B.What;which C.Whether;whom D.If;that -答案：A解析：第一空为主语从句，从句“the team won the championship”结构完整，用that引导 (无意义且不充当成分)；第二空为定语从句，先行词“players'”指人且在从句中作主语，用who引 导。主语从句作主语时谓语用单数“surprised”,符合语法一致原则。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The fact_(amaze)everyone is_the student _we met yesterday won the first prize in the competi- tion.His hard work finally paid off. -答案：amazes;that;whom解析：第一空考查主谓一致，主语“the fact”为单数，谓语用第三人称单 数“amazes'”;第二空为表语从句，从句结构完整用that引导；第三空为定语从句，先行词“student'” 指人且在从句中作宾语，用whom引导（此处可省略，但语法填空需补全引导词）。 语法复习|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 解题小妙招 主谓一致妙招 主谓一致三原则，语法意义就近看； neither nor就近判，or/either同样理； 集合名词看含义，指成员时复数跟； 定语从句找先行，单复形式看分明； one of复数作先行，从句谓语用复数； 名词性从句作主语，谓语单数是常规； 关系代词辨成分，主格宾格要分清； that引导无意义，不担成分只连接； 解题先把主语找，再看标志定答案。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.Neither my sister nor I _interested in playing tennis.We prefer swimming. A.am B.is C.are D.be 2.The family _having dinner when the doorbell rang A.is B.are C.was D.were 3.This is the museum _we visited last summer vacation. A.where B.which C.who D.when 4.He is the only one of the students who _ever been to the Great Wall. A.has B.have C.is D.are 5._she will come to the party depends on her parents'permission. A.That B.What C.Whether D.If 6.The news _our team won the game made all of us excited. A.that B.which C.who D.what 7.Two hours_not enough for finishing the task.We need more time. A.is B.are C.was D.were 8.I still remember the day _I first joined the school English club A.which B.when C.where D.why 9.The reason _he was absent from class was that he had a bad cold. A.which B.for which C.when D.where 10._he said at the meeting surprised all the teachers present. A.That B.What C.Whether D.If 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The police_(search)for the missing child in the forest now. 2.Each of the students_(have)a new dictionary in our class. 3.This is the house_my grandparents lived for nearly 50 years. 4.The fact_he failed the exam made his parents very angry. 5.Not only the teacher but also the students_(be)looking forward to the holiday. 6.The book_cover is blue was written by my favorite author. 7.How we can solve this problem_(be)still under discussion 8.He is one of the boys who_(be)late for school this morning. 9.The team_(win)the game last week is from Class Three. 10.I have no idea_he will arrive at the airport tomorrow. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 English is a language that_(connect)people from different countries.The number of people who _(speak)English as a second language_(be)increasing every year.Many students find that the most difficult part of learning English_(be)grammar,especially rules like subject-verb agreement and complex sentence structures. Last month,our class had a debate about__grammar is necessary for communication.Some students thought that as long as others can understand,grammar mistakes are not important.However,the teacher has taught us for three years disagreed.She said,"Grammar is the framework of a language.The reason-we learn grammar is-it helps us express ideas clearly and correctly." During the debate,Tom,one of the students_(be)good at English,shared an interesting story.He once read an article_a famous writer described his experience of learning English.The writer said that mastering grammar was like building a house-without a strong foundation,the house would fall down easily. This story made us realize that grammar is indeed important.Now,we are more focused on learning it well,and our English skills(improve)gradually. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.D3.B4.A5.C6.A7.A8.B9.B10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.are searching 2.has 3.where in which 4.that 5.are 6.whose 7.is 8.were 9.which that won 10.when /what time 演练三：语法填空