定语从句系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） Chapter1定语从句系统复习 考频分析 定语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句，间接影响答题效率）。在 语法填空和阅读理解题目中，定语从句的引导词选择及从句结构分析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·关系代词与关系副词：that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why的指代对象与句法功能 辨析； ·限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、语义差异及翻译要点； ·特殊用法：介词+关系代词（如in which、with whom)的搭配规则，as引导定语从句的固定句式（如 as is known),以及分隔式定语从句的识别。 精讲精练 知识点一：定语从句的构成及分类 ·基本构成（修饰名词代词，包含关系词+从句） 一核心要素：先行词（被修饰的名词代词）、关系词（连接主句和从句，指代先行词） -例句：口I like the book which you bought yesterday.(先行词the book,.关系代词which指代物，在 从句中作宾语)口This is the girl who helped me.(先行词the girl,关系代词who指代人，在从句中 作主语) ·关系代词（指代先行词，在从句中作主语宾语定语） -指人：who(主/宾)、whom(宾)、whose(定语)→例句：口The teacher who teaches us math is very kind.(who作主语)口The student whom you met is from Beijing.(hom作宾语)口I know the girl whose father is a doctor..(whose作定语) -指物：which(主/宾)、that(主/宾，可指人/物)→例句：口The car which is red belongs to my uncle. (which作主语)口This is the pen that I lost yesterday.(that指物，作宾语) ·关系副词（指代先行词，在从句中作状语，表时间地点原因） -when(时间状语)：I still remember the day when we first met.(先行词the day,when指代时间，从 句中作时间状语) -where(地点状语)：This is the school where I studied..(先行词the school,where指代地点，从句 中作地点状语) -why(原因状语)：Tell me the reason why you were late.(先行词the reason,why指代原因，从句 中作原因状语) ·限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句（根据与先行词关系是否紧密划分） -限定性（不可省略，无逗号隔开）：The man who is standing there is my brother.(去掉从句后主句意 义不完整) -非限定性（补充说明，有逗号隔开，不可用that):ly mother,who is a teacher,loves cooking.(去 掉从句后主句意义仍完整，who指人不可用hat) 【即学即练】 1.【关系代词辨析】The girl_I met yesterday is my classmate.此处应填？ A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 2.【关系副词辨析】This is the park_we had a picnic last week.此处应填？ A.that B.which C.where D.who 3.【限定性与非限定性区分】判断句子类型：My father,,Lis a worker,,often works late.该从句属于？ A.限定性定语从句 B.非限定性定语从句 C.状语从句 D.同位语从句 4.【关系词功能】关系代词whose在从句中充当什么成分？ A.主语 B.宾语 C.定语 D.状语 5.【基本构成】定语从句的核心要素包括先行词和一（填写核心要素名称）。 语法复习|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：定语从句的特殊用法及易错点 ·关系代词的省略（仅限限定性定语从句中作宾语时） 1.省略规则 -当关系代词在从句中作宾语时（指人用who/whom,指物用which/that),可省略关系代词。 -例句： -口The book(which/that)you bought yesterday is interesting.(which/that作bought的宾语，可省 略)》 -☐The girl(who/whom)he met is from Shanghai..(ho/whom作met的宾语，可省略) ·关系代词that的特殊用法（只能用that的情况） 1.先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时 -This is the best film that I have ever seen.(先行词film被最高级best修饰，用that) 2.先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时 -Everything that he said is true.(先行词everything是不定代词，用that) 3.先行词既指人又指物时 -Ve talked about the teachers and schools that we visited.(先行词teachers和schools既指人又 指物，用that) ·”介词+关系代词”结构（关系代词在从句中作介词宾语） 1.基本结构 -介词+which(指物)whom(指人)，介词可提前至关系代词前，此时关系代词不可省略。 一例句： -口The room in which he lives is small.(=The room which he lives in is small,in提前至which前) The person with whom she talked is my teacher.(=The person whom she talked with is my teacher,with提前至whom前) 2.常见固定搭配介词 -注意动词短语中的介词不可提前，如look for,care about等。 一例句： -This is the pen(which/that)I am looking for.(look for是固定短语，for不可提前) ·as引导的定语从句（用于the same..as,such..as结构中） 1.基本用法 -s指代先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，既可引导限定性也可引导非限定性定语从句（非限 定性时译为”正如”)。 一例句： -口He is such a kind man as everyone likes.(限定性，as作likes的宾语，such..as结构) -口As we know,English is important..(非限定性，as指代整个主句内容，译为”正如我们所知”) ·分隔式定语从句（先行词与从句被其他成分隔开） 1.识别方法 -先行词与定语从句之间被插入语、状语等成分分隔，需根据句意判断先行词。 一例句： -口I was the only person in my office who was invited to the party..(先行词person与从句被inmy office分隔) -口The days are gone when we used foreign oil.(先行词days与从句被are gone分隔，when引 导定语从句) 知识点三：定语从句与其他从句的区分及综合应用 ·定语从句与状语从句的区分（根据从句功能和引导词） 一核心差异：定语从句修饰名词/代词（含先行词），状语从句修饰动词句子（表时间、地点、原因等） 一例句对比： *口This is the park where we played last week.(定语从句，where指代先行词park,修饰名词) *口Ve played where the park is located.(地点状语从句，where无先行词，修饰动词played) *口I will call you when I arrive.(时间状语从句，when无先行词，修饰动词call) *口I remember the day when we first met.(定语从句，when指代先行词day,修饰名词) ·定语从句与同位语从句的区分（根据从句内容是否解释先行词）》 一定语从句：修饰先行词（描述性质特征），关系词在从句中作成分 一同位语从句：解释先行词（内容等同），连接词tht无意义、不作成分 -例句对比： *·The news that he told me is true.(定语从句，that指代news,在从句中作宾语) *口The news that he won the prize is true.(同位语从句，that解释news内容，不作成分) *口Ve heard the fact which surprised everyone.(定语从句，which指代fact,在从句中作主语) *口Ve heard the fact that the exam will be delayed.(同位语从句，that解释fact内容，不作成分) ·综合填空应用（根据语境选择关系词） -解题步骤：口确定先行词口判断从句缺何种成分（主语/宾语/状语）口选择对应关系词 -例题： *口This is the museum_we visited last month.(先行词museum,从句缺宾语，指物→填which/that 或省略) *口I'll never forget the time_we spent together..(先行词time,从句缺宾语→填which/.that或省 略) *口'lI never forget the day_we met for the first time.(先行词day,从句缺时间状语→填when) *☐The reason_he was late was that he missed the bus.(先行词reason,从句缺原因状语→填 why) *口The girl_father is a doctor studies very hard.(先行词girl,从句缺定语→填whose) ·翻译技巧（中英文句式转换） 一中文”的”结构→定语从句（注意先行词位置） 一例句： *口正在看书的那个女孩是我的妹妹。，The girl who is reading a book is my sister.(who作主语) *口这是我妈妈送给我的礼物。→This is the gift(which/that)my mother gave me.(which/that作宾 语，可省略) *D我们去年居住的房子已经被拆除了。→The house where we lived last year has been pulled down. (where作地点状语) *口他解释了他缺席会议的原因。→He explained the reason why he was absent from the meeting. (why作原因状语) 语法复习|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：关系代词与关系副词的辨析 ·核心：根据先行词类型及从句中所缺成分（主语宾语状语），选择正确的关系代词或关系副词 ·真题1（语法填空）： This is the city_I was born. -答案：where解析：先行词为the city(地点)，从句中不缺主语或宾语，缺少地点状语，故用关系副 词where。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -I still remember the days__we spent together in the countryside. A.which B.where C.when D.why -答案：A解析：先行词为the days,从句中缺少谓语动词spent的宾语，指物，故用关系代词which/that (选项中只有which)。 考法二：定语从句关系词选择与其他从句的区分 ·核心：先判断是否为定语从句（有无先行词），再根据从句成分选择关系词，同时区分定语从句与状语从 句、同位语从句 ·真题1（语法填空）： This is the factory_my father worked 10 years ago. 一答案：where解析：先行词为factory(地点名词)，从句中worked为不及物动词，缺地点状语，故用 关系副词where;若此处为状语从句则无先行词，而本句有先行词factory,因此是定语从句。 ·真题2（单项选择）： The fact_he passed the exam made us happy A.which B.that C.what D.where -答案：B解析：从句“he passed the exam”是对先行词fact的内容解释，且从句不缺成分，为同位语 从句，连接词用that;若为定语从句，关系词需在从句中作成分，而本句从句完整，故排除A(which 在定语从句中作成分)。 考法三：定语从句综合运用与区分 ·核心：结合定语从句的构成分类、特殊用法及与其他从句的区分，根据语境判断先行词、从句成分及关 系词选择 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The village_we visited last summer lies at the foot of the mountain. A.where B.which C.why D.when -答案：B解析：先行词为“the village”,指物，从句中“visited”后缺宾语，需用关系代词which/.that, 选项中只有which符合；where为关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，此处不符合。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -My brother,_is a doctor,always works very hard.Last week he told me about the hospital _he works and the reason-he chose this job. -答案：who where why解析：第一空是非限定性定语从句，先行词“my brother'”指人，用who引导 (不可用that);第二空先行词“hospital'”表地点，从句中“works”后缺地点状语，用where;第三 空先行词“reason'”表原因，从句中缺原因状语，用why。 解题小妙招 关系词选看先行词，再判从句缺何成； 先行指人用who whom,指物which that行； 地点where时间when,原因why作状语； 缺主缺宾用代词，不缺成分副词替； 同位语从句不缺成，that连接表内容； 限定非限定要分清，逗号隔开非限定； which指代物和整句，that不用非限定。 语法复习|英语」沪教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（沪教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the school I studied English 5 years ago. A.which B.where C.when D.why 2.We will never forget the days-we spent together during the summer camp. A.when B.where C.which D.why 3.The girl_mother is a teacher won the first prize in the competition. A.who B.whom C.which D.whose 4.As we all know,the earth is a planet_goes around the sun A.who B.that C.where D.when 5.My father,_is a scientist,has published many research papers. A.which B.that C.who D.whom 6.The reason _he failed the exam was that he didn't study hard. A.which B.why C.where D.when 7.This is the best book_I have ever read in my life. A.which B.that C.what D.where 8.The fact_he told us yesterday is very important for the project. A.which B.that C.what D.how 9.I still remember the park_we first met each other. A.which B.when C.where D.why 10.The student_the teacher praised yesterday is my deskmate. A.which B.whom C.whose D.where 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.This is the house _I was born. 2.The book-you lent me last week is very interesting. 3.We visited the museum-has a collection of ancient artifacts. 4.The girl hair is red comes from Canada. 5.I'll never forget the day__we graduated from high school. 6.The reason _she was absent is still unknown. 7.He is the only student_passed the final exam. 8.My brother,lives in Beijing,will visit us next month. 9.The pen_I wrote the letter is missing. 10.This is the park_we often have picnics. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last year,I visited the town_my grandparents once lived.The town,_is surrounded by mountains, has a history of over 200 years.I stayed in the old house_my father was born.The house,_walls are made of wood,still looks new.Every morning,I walked along the river_runs through the center of the town.There,I met an old man-told me many stories about the town.He also showed me the school -he studied as a child.The school,-has been rebuilt twice,now has modern facilities.I asked him the reason_he never left the town.He smiled and said,"This is the place_my heart belongs. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.D4.B5.C6.B7.B8.A9.C10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.where 2.(which/that)3.which/that 4.whose 5.when 6.why 7.that 8.who 9.with which/which...with 10.where 演练三：语法填空 1.where 2.which 3.where 4.whose 5.which/that 6.who 7.where 8.which 9.why 10.where 语法复习|英语|沪教版